Nervous System - Part 2
Name the two types of reflexes
Automatic reflexes, somatic reflexes
Function of sensory neuron
Carries message to integration center
Function of motor neuron
Carries messages to the effector
Name the three regions of the cerebral hemisphere
Cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, & basal nuclei
Name the 4 parts of the brain
Cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum
Describe the three-neuron arc
Consists of reception sensory neuron, only spinal cord and back, motor neuron and effector, example flexor reflex - withdrawal
Function of sensory neuron
Detects stimulus
Describe automatic reflex
Effector organs are involuntary, regulation of smooth muscles, heart & glands, example salivary, defecation, pupillary reflexes, sweating, changes in blood pressure, & digestion
Describe somatic reflex
Effector organs are voluntary, activation of skeletal muscles, example pulling hand away from painful object, patellar reflex
Name the four lobes of the cerebral hemisphere
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, & temporal lobe
Describe the basal nuclei
Grey matter
Describe the cerebral cortex
Grey matter - unmyelinated neurons
Describe the other reflex arc
Involve more than 3 neurons, many involve the brain rather than the spinal cord, take longer to occur as a result of more neurons on chain
Function of effector organ
Muscle or gland that is stimulated
Describe the cerebral white matter
Myelinated neurons
What is a reflex arc?
Neural pathway that reflexes occur
Describe the two-neuron reflex arc
Only 2 neuron with a synapse inbetween, simplest type, sensory neuron and motor neuron, example knee jerk - patellar reflex
Describe the cerebral hemisphere
Paired left & right part, separated by the longitudinal tissues, includes more than 1/2 of brain, surface is made of elevated ridges - gyri and grooves - sulci, many can be important anatomical landmarks
Function of integration center
Process info, detects motor output - synapse or interneuron
What is a reflex?
Rapid, predictable & involuntary response to stimuli
What are the 5 elements of a reflex arc?
Sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, & effector organ
What are the types of reflex arcs?
Two-neuron reflex arc, three-neuron reflex arc, other reflex arc