Nervous System Test
Which type of sensory neuron is stimulated by light touch? a. Merkel Discs b. Spindle Fibers c. Axons d. Nociceptors
a
A neuron in the visual association area of the brain receives stimuli from many other neurons (estimates range as high as 10,000). Some of the synapses associating with this neuron release excitatory neurotransmitters, other release inhibitory neurotransmitters. When will this neuron generate an action potential? a. When enough ligand gated channels are opened to increase the charge to -55 mV. b. When the total of the inhibitory stimuli exceeds the total of excitatory stimuli. c. Every time it receives an excitatory stimuli. d. When the total of the excitatory stimuli exceeds the total of inhibitory stimuli.
a
Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur at the post-synaptic side of a neuromuscular junction. 1. Action potential is propagated over the muscle cell membrane 2. Depolarization of the post-synaptic membrane 3. Sodium ions move into muscle cell a. 3, 2, 1 b. 2, 1, 3 c. 3, 1, 2 d. 1, 2, 3 e. 2, 3, 1
a
The depolarization of a neuron is primarily caused by_____. a. sodium diffusing into the neuron through gates on a neuron membrane b. sodium moving by active transport from the inside the neuron through ion pumps on a neuron membrane c. potassium diffusing ICF to ECF through gates ona neuron membrane d. potassium moving by active transport from the ECF to ICF through ion pumps on a neuron membrane
a
The sodium-potassium pump functions to pump a. sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. b. sodium ions into the cell and potassium ions out of the cell. c. sodium and potassium ions into the cell. d. sodium and potassium ions out of the cell. e. sodium and potassium ions in both directions across the cell membrane.
a
The sodium-potassium pump functions to pump a. sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. b. sodium ions into the cell and potassium ions out of the cell. c. sodium and potassium ions into the cell. d. sodium and potassium ions out of the cell. e. sodium and potassium ions in both directions across the cell membrane.
a
To produce an action potential in a neuron, a. all of these. b. the threshold level of membrane potential must be reached. c. depolarization must occur. d. the cell membrane must become permeable to sodium ions.
a
Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon reaching what state? a. threshold b. repolarization c. overshoot d. resting potential
a
What does a mechanically gated channel respond to? a. physical stimulus b. increase in resistance c. chemical stimulus d. decrease in resistance
a
What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of the cell membrane? a. sodium b. phosphate c. potassium d. chloride
a
What region of the spinal cord contains the axons of somatic sensory neurons? a. posterior horn b. lateral horn c. alar plate d. anterior horn
a
What type of glial cell provides myelin for the axons in a tract? a. Schwann cell b. astrocyte c. satellite cell d. oligodendrocyte
a
What type of glial cell provides myelin for the axons in a tract? a. Schwann cell b. oligodendrocyte c. astrocyte d. satellite cell
a
Which of the following is the largest structure? a. nerve b. axon c. neuron d. dendrite e. neurotransmitter
a
ALL somatic sensory pathways have synapses in which two locations? CHOOSE TWO a. Cerebral Cortex b. Medulla Oblongata c. Thalamus d. Spinal Cord
a and c
Which type of sensory neuron is stimulated by specific molecules? CHOOSE TWO a. olfactory receptor cells b. cones c. taste buds d. rods
a and c
A channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that causes a negative ion to enter the cell. What type of graded potential is this? a. depolarizing b. hyperpolarizing c. repolarizing d. non-polarizing
b
How much of a change in the membrane potential is necessary for the summation of postsynaptic potentials to result in an action potential being generated? a. +30 mV b. +15 mV c. +10 mV d. -15 mV
b
What does a ligand-gated channel require in order to open? a. increase in concentration of K+ ions b. binding of a neurotransmitter c. increase in concentration of Na+ ions d. depolarization of the membrane
b
What happens to the axon terminals when a memory pathway is formed and strengthened? a. The axon terminals move to synapse with a different dendrite. b. The number of axon terminals may increase. c. The axon terminals fuse with the dendrites. d. The number of axon terminals may decrease.
b
What is the major difference between an IPSP and an EPSP? a. The formation of myelin on neurons in the CNS vs. the PNS. b. The movement of the membrane potential either towards or away from the threshold requirements for an action potential. c. The location of the neurotransmitters inside the axon terminal. d. The synthesis of neurotransmitters inside the receptors located on the dendrites on the neuron. e. An increase in activity of the sodium / potassium pump, or a decrease in the activity of the sodium / potassium pump.
b
When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, what is released from the axon terminal? a. Sodium Ions b. Neurotransmitters c. Calcium Ions d. ATP e. Electricity
b
Which explanation best describes why you can have different types of sensory neurons? a. The different sensory neurons have different threshold values. b. The type of receptors on the dendrites are different. c. The different neurons have different genes. d. The shape of the neuron is different.
b
Which of the following are most responsible for action potentials? a. neurotransmitter production within the dendrites. b. the movement of ions into, and out of, a nerve cell. c. the formation of axons and neurotransmitters. d. the formation of myelin on a neuron. e. gas exchange between neurons.
b
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for integration? Think about the parts of a negative feedback loop. a. sympathetic b. central c. peripheral d. autonomic e. somatic
b
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sensing and responding to stimuli? Think about the parts of a negative feedback loop. a. motor b. somatic / peripheral c. sympathetic d. central e. autonomic
b
Which region of the frontal lobe is responsible for initiating movement by directly connecting to cranial and spinal motor neurons? a. prefrontal cortex b. primary motor cortex c. supplemental motor area d. premotor cortex
b
Which the following shows the order of propagation for an action potential on a neuron? a. axon, synapse, dendrite, cell body b. dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse c. cell body, dendrite, axon, synapse d. axon, dendrite, cell body, synapse
b
A channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that causes a negative ion to enter the cell. What type of graded potential is this? a. depolarizing b. repolarizing c. hyperpolarizing d. non-polarizing
c
A channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that causes a negative ion to enter the cell. What type of graded potential is this? a. non-polarizing b. repolarizing c. hyperpolarizing d. depolarizing
c
Afferent nerves are called __________, and motor nerves are called __________. a. peripheral nerves; cranial nerves b. cranial nerves; peripheral nerves c. sensory nerves; efferent nerves d. mixed nerves; motor nerves e. motor nerves; sensory nerves
c
Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur at the post-synaptic side of a neuromuscular junction. 1. Action potential is propagated over the muscle cell membrane 2. Depolarization of the post-synaptic membrane 3. Sodium ions move into muscle cell a. 1, 2, 3 b. 2, 1, 3 c. 3, 2, 1 d. 3, 1, 2 e. 2, 3, 1
c
For a sensory neuron to produce an action potential in a neuron and send a signal to the brain, a. the threshold level of membrane potential must be reached. b. the cell membrane must become permeable to sodium ions. c. these must all happen. d. depolarization must occur.
c
Grey Matter : White Matter a. Contains Myelin : Contains Cell Bodies b. Contains Axons : Contains Dendrites c. Contains Synapses : Conducts Action Potentials d. Conducts Action Potentials : Contains Axons and Dendrites
c
If a neuron's potassium channels could not open, the neuron could not a. reproduce b. depolarize c. hyperpolarize d. secrete neurotransmitters e. produce proteins
c
The Central Nervous System is divided into what two parts? a. spinal nerves and cranial nerves b. brain and cranial nerves c. brain and spinal cord d. brain and spinal nerves e. All of these describe the two parts of the central nervous system.
c
The major divisions of the nervous system are a. somatic and parasympathetic. b. central and somatic. c. central and peripheral. d. central and autonomic. e. sympathetic and parasympathetic.
c
The sensory (afferent) division of the peripheral nervous system a. transmits action potentials to sensory organs. b. stimulates muscle contractions. c. conveys action potentials to the CNS. d. stimulates glands to release hormones. e. does not involve sensory receptors.
c
Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon reaching what state? a. resting potential b. overshoot c. threshold d. repolarization
c
What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of the cell membrane? a. potassium b. phosphate c. sodium d. chloride
c
What is the RMP for a typical neuron a. 0 mV b. -55 mV c. -70 mV d. -90 mV e. +30 mV
c
What makes the afferent sensory pathways of pain and reflexes different than those of touch and temperature judgment? a. The pathways for pain and reflex do not have a synapse in the thalamus. b. The pathways for pain and reflex do not have a synapse in the primary somatosensory cortex. c. The pathways for pain and reflex have a synapse in the spinal cord. d. The pathways for pain and reflex have a synapse in the occipital lobe.
c
Which of the following are major functions of the nervous system? a. maintain homeostasis b. integrate information c. All of these. d. receive sensory input e. control muscles and glands
c
Which part of the nervous system would include sensors and effectors? a. Autonomic Nervous System b. Central Nervous System c. Peripheral Nervous System d. Somatic Nervous System
c
Identify ways Sodium (Na+) is used by the body. CHOOSE THREE a. sodium in an electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation b. sodium is a key component of the enzyme catalase. Without sodium ions available catalase will not function. c. sodium is actively transported out of the filtrate by cells of the convoluted tubules to create a concentration gradient for water d. sodium is transported in symport with glucose and amino acids by intestinal epithelial cells. e. sodium is transported out of cells by sodium-potassium pumps to create a concentration gradient and charge difference
c d e
In how many of these locations can nerve cells (in whole or part) be found? Brain, Spinal Cord, Leg, Finger, Eye, Small Intestine, Heart, Hair a. 2 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 e. 7
e
Afferent nerves are called __________, and motor nerves are called __________. a. peripheral nerves; cranial nerves b. motor nerves; sensory nerves c. cranial nerves; peripheral nerves d. sensory nerves; efferent nerves
d
The cooperation of sensory and motor neurons that allows you to perform an activity like swat a mosquito or touch your nose is known as ___________. a. Reflex Arc b. Gustatory Center c. Medulla Oblongata d. Proprioception
d
To produce an action potential in a neuron, a. the threshold level of membrane potential must be reached. b. the cell membrane must become permeable to sodium ions. c. depolarization must occur. d. all of these.
d
Transfer of information from one nerve cell to the next occurs at a. hillocks. b. dendrites. c. axons. d. synapses. e. synaptic vesicles.
d
What does a ligand-gated channel require in order to open? a. increase in concentration of K+ ions b. increase in concentration of Na+ ions c. depolarization of the membrane d. binding of a neurotransmitter
d
What happens to the surface of the dendrites when a memory pathway is formed and strengthened? a. More receptors are expressed on the dendrite surface. b. More synapses form on the dendrite. c. More neurotransmitters are released. d. Both a and b occur. e. a, b, and c all occur.
d
What is the RMP for a typical neuron a. -55 mV b. -90 mV c. +30 mV d. -70 mV e. 0 mV
d
What region of the diencephalon coordinates homeostasis? a. subthalamus b. epithalamus c. thalamus d. hypothalamus
d
When a neuron is at RMP, which would you expect? a. Sodium Channels to be open. b. Both Sodium and Potassium Channels to be open. c. Potassium Channels to be open. d. Neither Sodium or Potassium Channels will be open.
d
When a neuron is at RMP, which would you expect? a. Sodium Channels to be open. b. Both Sodium and Potassium Channels to be open. c. Potassium Channels to be open. d. Neither Sodium or Potassium Channels will be open.
d
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for integrating all sensory action potentials from the somatic nervous system? a. temporal b. occipital c. frontal d. parietal
d
Which of the following best describe learning? a. A process that changes the location of cell bodies. b. A process that changes the chemical composition of the brain. c. A process that changes the genetic sequence in a neuron. d. A process that changes the physical connections between neurons.
d
Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc: a. receptor, afferent neuron, efferent neuron, integration center, effector b. effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor c. receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector d. receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector e. effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor
d
Which of the following voltages would most likely be measured during the relative refractory period? a.+30 mV b.-45 mV c. 0 mV d.-80 mV
d
Which the following shows the order of propagation for an action potential on a neuron? a. cell body, dendrite, axon, synapse b. axon, dendrite, cell body, synapse c. axon, synapse, dendrite, cell body d. dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse
d
Which type of sensory neuron is stimulated by the electromagnetic radiation of light? a. Olfactory Receptor Cells b. Taste Bud c. Hair Cells d. Rods and Cones
d
The type of receptor is an important element in determining the effect a neurotransmitter has on a target cell. Which type of receptor would change the membrane potential away from threshold? a. a receptor that triggers the flow of anions into the neuron b. a receptor that triggers the flow of cations into the neuron c. a receptor that binds to GABA d. a receptor that binds to Glycine e. choices a, c, and d will all produce this change in membrane potential
e
Which of the following are most responsible for action potentials? a. the formation of axons and neurotransmitters. b. the formation of myelin on a neuron. c. gas exchange between neurons. d. neurotransmitter production within the dendrites. e. the movement of ions into, and out of, a nerve cell.
e
