Nervous system
Rapid onset of fever, stiff neck, headache, and an altered state of consciousness are associated with (A) meningitis. (B) Huntington chorea. (C) spina bifida. (D) Parkinson disease. (E) multiple sclerosis.
(A) meningitis.
Loss of neurotransmitter GABA is associated with (A) meningitis. (B) Huntington chorea. (C) spina bifida. (D) Parkinson disease. (E) multiple sclerosis.
(B) Huntington chorea.
Nissl bodies are composed of (A) synaptic vesicles and acetylcholine. (B) polyribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum. (C) lipoprotein and melanin. (D) neurofilaments and microtubules. (E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
(B) polyribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Which of the following statements regarding nerve cell membrane potentials is true? (A) Membrane potentials are maintained at rest by Na entering the cell. (B) Entrance of K causes the membrane to return to its resting potential. (C) Depolarization triggers the opening of voltage-gated K channels. (D) Voltage-gated Na channels become activated during the refractory period. (E) The influx of K reverses the resting potential.
(C) Depolarization triggers the opening of voltage-gated K channels.
Acetylcholine is the only neurotransmitter in which of the following regions of the nervous system? (A) Central nervous system (B) Presynaptic sensory cortex (C) Myoneural junctions (D) Postganglionic sympathetic synapses (E) Motor cortex
(C) Myoneural junctions
Which one of the following neurotransmitters functions to increase cardiac output? (A) Dopamine (B) Serotonin (C) Norepinephrine (D) Glutamate (E) GABA
(C) Norepinephrine
Myelination of peripheral nerves is accomplished by (A) astrocytes. (B) oligodendrocytes. (C) Schwann cells. (D) neural crest cells. (E) basket cells.
(C) Schwann cells.
Neural crest cells give rise to which of the following? (A) Dorsal horns of the spinal cord (B) Adrenal cortex (C) Sympathetic ganglia (D) Preganglionic autonomic nerves (E) Somatic motor neurons
(C) Sympathetic ganglia
The axon hillock contains (A) rough endoplasmic reticulum. (B) ribosomes. (C) microtubules. (D) Golgi complex. (E) synaptic vesicles.
(C) microtubules.
Synaptic vesicles possess which of the following characteristics? (A) Manufacture neurotransmitter (B) Enter the synaptic cleft (C) Become incorporated into the presynaptic membrane (D) Become incorporated into the postsynaptic membrane (E) Release neurotransmitter via endocytosis
(D) Become incorporated into the postsynaptic membrane
A patient with Hirschsprung presents with which of the following symptoms? (A) Absent cranial vault (B) Exposed spinal cord (C) Headache (D) Large, dilated colon (E) Absent small intestine
(D) Large, dilated colon
Deterioration and death of the dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra of the brain are associated with (A) meningitis. (B) Huntington chorea. (C) spina bifida. (D) Parkinson disease. (E) multiple sclerosis.
(D) Parkinson disease.
Tremors, shuffling gate, and masklike facial expressions are associated with (A) meningitis. (B) Huntington chorea. (C) spina bifida. (D) Parkinson disease. (E) multiple sclerosis.
(D) Parkinson disease.
Which of the following statements is characteristic of the perineurium? (A) It is a fascia surrounding many bundles of nerve fibers. (B) It is the fascia surrounding a single nerve fiber. (C) It is a thin layer of reticular fibers covering individual nerve fibers. (D) It is a fascia that excludes macromolecules and forms the external coat of nerves. (E) It consists in part of epithelioid cells that surround a bundle (fascicle) of nerve fibers.
(E) It consists in part of epithelioid cells that surround a bundle (fascicle) of nerve fibers.
Episodes of demyelination are associated with (A) meningitis. (B) Huntington chorea. (C) spina bifida. (D) Parkinson disease. (E) multiple sclerosis.
(E) multiple sclerosis.
Arrange the following layers in proper sequence as a pin passes from pia mater to cerebral spinal fluid through the cerebral cortex: 1=pia mater, 2=molecular layer; 3=outer granular layer; 4=pyramidal cell layer, 5=inner granular layer; 6=pyramidal cells of Betz. A. 1-2-3-4-5-6 B. 1-3-2-5-4-6 C. 1-4-2-3-5-6 D. 1-5-4-2-3-6 E. 1-5-4-3-2-6
A
Ependymal cells are associated with: A. central nervous system B. peripheral nervous system
A
In an electron micrograph of myelinated peripheral nerve the major dense lines seen in the myelin sheath actually represent ? A. lines of fusion of the P surfaces of plasmalemma B. lines of fusion of the E surfaces of plasmalemma C. lines of fusion of the P faces of the plasmalemma D. lines of fusion of the E faces of the plasmalemma E. lines of fusion of the glycocalyxes of two apposing plasmalemmas
A
In which of the following are the satellite cells complete in their enveloping of perikarya? A. dorsal root ganglion B. myenteric ganglion C. submucosal ganglion D. inferior mesenteric ganglion E. inferior cervical ganglion
A
Oligodendrocytes are associated with: A. central nervous system B. peripheral nervous system
A
The choroid plexus is associated with: A. central nervous system B. peripheral nervous system
A
What structure are you touching when you roll the radial nerve of gross anatomy between your index finger and thumb? A. epineurium B. perineurium C. endoneurium D. all of the above
A
When an action potential reaches the end of an axon terminal, all of the following happen EXCEPT: A. it jumps across the synaptic cleft and depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane of the next neuron B. it fails to jump across the synaptic cleft C. synaptic vesicles exocytose their contents into the synaptic cleft D. neurotransmitter molecules cross the synaptic cleft E. neurotransmitter molecules are bound by receptors or ligand-gated channels in a plasmalemma
A
Which of the following forms myelin? A. oligodendrocyte B. fibrous astrocyte C. protoplasmic astrocyte D. microglia E. ependymal cell
A
Which of the following is NOT transported by the slow component of the axonal transport system? A. synaptic vesicles B. tubulin C. neurofilament proteins D. actin E. metabolic enzymes
A
Endoneurium is associated with: A. central nervous system B. peripheral nervous system
B
Motor end plates are associated with: A. central nervous system B. peripheral nervous system
B
Purkinje cells are found: A. in the cerebrum B. in the cerebellum C. in the anterior horn of the spinal gray matter D. in the white matter of the spinal cord E. in the choroid plexus
B
Satellite cells are associated with: A. central nervous system B. peripheral nervous system
B
Schwann cells are associated with: A. central nervous system B. peripheral nervous system
B
The region of the perikaryon in which microtubules are concentrated and arranged into bundles or fascicles is the? A. axolemma B. axon hillock C. Nissi body D. node of Ranvier E. dendrite
B
What structure divides a peripheral nerve up into fascicles? A. epineurium B. perineurium C. endoneurium D. all of the above E. none of the above
B
Which of the following cells is known to be phagocytic? A. oligodendrocyte B. microglia C. fibrous astrocyte D. protoplasmic astrocyte E. ependyma
B
Which of the following would be the best place to find the highest concentration of a neurotransmitter? A. synaptic cleft B. synaptic vesicle C. presynaptic membrane D. postsynaptic membrane E. neuromuscular junction
B
An axon residing in a simple cleft in the cytoplasm of a Schwann cell is probably: A. a myelinated peripheral nervous system axon B. a myelinated central nervous system axon C. an unmyelinated PNS axon D. an unmyelinated CNS axon
C
Nissl substance or bodies actually is the light microscopic version of what? A. Golgi apparatus B. synaptic vesicles C. RER and polysome areas D. groups of neurofilaments E. the axon hillock
C
What structure is found immediately peripheral to the plasmalemma of a Schwann cell? A. epineurium B. perineurium C. endoneurium D. all of the above E. none of the above
C
What structure would contain almost exclusively capillaries? A. epineurium B. perineurium C. endoneurium D. all of the above E. none of the above
C
Which of the following can be phagocytic under certain situations such as trauma or inflammation? A. oligodendrocyte B. fibrous astrocyte C. protoplasmic astrocyte D. microglia E. ependymal cell
C
Which of the following is the main component of the blood-brain barrier? A. gap jct. or nexus B. macula adherens C. zonula occludens D. fascia adherens E. interdigitation
C
With respect to the autonomic nervous system which of the following does NOT have postganglionic nerve fibers? A. Meissner's (submucosal) plexus neuron B. Auerbach's (myenteric) plexus neuron C. parenchyma of adrenal medulla D. neuron in the celiac ganglion E. neuron in the superior cervical ganglion
C
Nerve and muscle cells, unlike other body cells, are excitable, i.e. their membrane voltage can change instantly in response to the correct stimulus. When this happens, all of the following correctly apply at the cellular level EXCEPT? A. voltage gated channels open B. Na flows inward C. K flows outward D. the inside of the cell becomes momentarily positive E. the outside of the cell becomes momentarily positive
D
What causes the action potential in a myelinated nerve to jump from one node of Ranvier to the next node of Ranvier as it is propagated? A. myelin acts as an electrical insulator B. Na channels are restricted almost entirely to the nodal plasmalemma. C. Na channels are evenly concentrated throughout the entire neurilemma D. A & B are correct E. A & B & C are correct
D
What structure contains collagen fibers and fibroblasts? A. epineurium B. perineurium C. endoneurium D. all of the above E. none of the above
D
Where in the nervous system, in relation to the propagation of an action potential, are the sodium and potassium channels concentrated? A. endoneurium B. satellite cell C. Schwann cell interperiod line D. node of Ranvier E. perikaryon of a motor neuron
D
Which of the following can be phagocytic under certain situations such as trauma or inflammation? A. oligodendrocyte B. fibrous astrocyte C. protoplasmic astrocyte D. microglia E. ependymal cell
D
Why do myelinated nerve fibers transmit an impulse much faster than non- myelinated fibers? A. almost all of the membrane channels are confined at the nodes of Ranvier B. the myelin coat significantly reduces current leakage from the axon C. the myelin coat decreases the capacitance of the axonal membrane D. A & B are correct E. A & B & C are correct
D
All of the following are known to be neurotransmitter substances contained and released by synaptic vesicles EXCEPT: A. acetylcholine B. serotonin C. dopamine D. norepinephrine E. Ca ion flux
E
As a pin enters the substance of the brain it traverses the pia mater, then a basement membrane and then which of the following? A. oligodendrocyte cytoplasm B. central myelin C. interneurons D. ependymal cells E. astrocyte cytoplasm
E
Chromatolysis following injury to a nerve includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. decreased cytoplasmic basophilia in perikaryon B. disappearance of Nissl substance C. increase in volume of perikaryon D. peripheral movement of nucleus in perikaryon E. complete axonal degeneration
E
The Na/K-ATPase pump causes which of the following to happen? A. Na moved to outside/K moved to inside the cell B. voltage difference between inside and outside the cell is maintained by the pump C. voltage difference is measured in millivolts D. A & B are correct E. A & B & C are correct
E
What structure is continuous with the same investment found in a tendon? A. epineurium B. perineurium C. endoneurium D. all of the above E. none of the above
E
Which of the following cells makes the myelin sheath found within the CNS? A. microglia B. protoplasmic astrocyte C. satellite cell D. Schwann cell E. oligodendrocyte
E
Which of the following covers the capillaries of the choroid plexus? A. oligodendrocyte B. fibrous astrocyte C. protoplasmic astrocyte D. microglia E. ependymal cell
E
Which of the following lines the lumen of the neural tube? A. oligodendrocyte B. fibrous astrocyte C. protoplasmic astrocyte D. microglia E. ependymal cell
E