Network Cable Standards
MTRJ connector
"Mechanical Transfer-Registered Jack" created to replace both ST + SC connectors 2 fiber-optic cables terminating into the connector: one for transmitting + one for receiving full-duplex
LC connector
"local connector" "lucent connector" high density fiber designed by Lucent to be used in fiber optic networks very similar to MTRJ, except has a lock to secure the connection in place
ST connector
"straight tip" older bayonet connector that locks in place and has a straight tip at the end
SC connector
"subscriber connector" "standard connector" square connector with a spring loaded coupling to improve performance relatively large size that limits how many ports you can have on your devices
1000 Base LX
1-GBPs transmission over fiber optic. reliance on long wavelengths of 1300 nanometers
1000 Base SX
1-GBPs transmission over fiber optic. reliance on short wavelengths of 850 nanometers
media converter
A device that enables networks or segments running on different media to interconnect and exchange signals.
media converter
A device that enables networks or segments using different media to interconnect and exchange signals.
SC (subscriber connector or standard connector)
A connector with a 2.5-mm ferrule that is used with single-mode, fiber-optic cable.
ST (straight tip)
A connector with a 2.5-mm ferrule that is used with single-mode, fiber-optic cable.
ST (straight tip)
A connector with a 2.5-mm ferrule that is used with single-mode, fiber-optic cable. (#2)
LED (light-emitting diode)
A cool-burning, long lasting technology that creates light by the release of photons as electrons move through a semiconductor material.
LED (light-emitting diode)
A cool-burning, long-lasting technology that creates light by the release of photons as electrons move through a semiconductor material.
FDP (fiber distribution panel)
A device on a rack where fiber cable converge, connect with each other, and connect with fiber-optic terminal equipment from the ISP.
FDP (fiber distribution panel)
A device on a rack where fiber cables converge, connect with each other, and connect with fiber optic terminal equipment from the ISP
FDM (frequency division multiplexing)
A type of multiplexing that assigns a unique frequency band to each communications subchannel. Signals are modulated with different carrier frequencies, then multiplexed to simultaneously travel over a single channel.
STDM (statistical time division multiplexing)
A type of multiplexing that assigns time slots to nodes (similar to TDM), but then adjusts these slots according to priority and need.
STDM (statistical time division multiplexing)
A type of multiplexing that assigns time slots to nodes, but then adjusts slots according to priority and need
66 block
A type of punch-down block designed to terminate telephone connections. older
DB-25 connector
A type of connector with 25 pins that's used in serial communication and conforms to the RS-232 standard.
DB-9 connector
A type of connector with nine pins that's commonly used in serial communication that conforms to the RS-232 standard.
DB-9 connector
A type of connector with nine pins that's used in serial communication and conforms to the RS-232 standard.
UPC (Ultra Polished Connector)
A type of ferrule in which the tip has been highly polished, increasing the efficiency of the connection
UPC (Ultra Polished Connector)
A type of ferrule in which the tip has been highly polished, thereby increasing the efficiency of connection.
MMF (multimode fiber)
A type of fiber-optic cable containing a core that is usually 50 or 62.5 microns in diameter, over which many pulses of light generated by a laser or LED (light emitting diode) travel at different angles.
MMF (multimode fiber)
A type of fiber-optic cable containing a core that is usually 50 or 62.5 microns in diameter, over which many pulses of light generated by a laser or light-emitting diode (LED) travel at different angles.
SMF (single mode fiber)
A type of fiber-optic cable with a narrow core of 8 to 10 microns in diameter that carries light pulses along a single path from one end of the cable to the other end.
SMF (single-mode fiber)
A type of fiber-optic cable with a narrow core of 8 to 10 microns in diameter that carries light pulses along a single path from one end of the cable to the other end.
Crosstalk
A type of interference caused by signals on one wire bleeding over to other wires.
Static Routing
A type of routing where an admin is in complete control
duplex
A type of transmission in which signals may travel in both directions over a medium simultaneously.
full-duplex
A type of transmission in which signals may travel in both directions over a medium simultaneously; also called duplex
full-duplex
A type of transmission in which signals may travel in both directions over a medium simultaneously; also called, simply, duplex.
Cable lengths are limited in distance.
Multimode Fiber
Data transfers through the core using multiple light rays.
Multimode Fiber
The core diameter is around 50 to 100 microns.
Multimode Fiber
MMF
Multimode Fiber - Uses LED light to send multiple rays of light over a moderate distance.
Crosstalk is measured on the same end as the transmitter.
NEXT
NEXT
Near end crosstalk
probe
(1) A repeated trial message transmitted by the tracert and traceroute utilities to trigger routers along a route to return specific information about the route. (2) A small electronic device that emits a tone when it detects electrical activity on a wire pair. When used in conjunction with a tone generator, it can help locate the termination of a wire pair. Also called a tone locator. (3) In 802.11 wireless networking, a type of frame issued by a station during active scanning to find nearby access points.
CWDM (coarse wavelength division multiplexing or coarse WDM)
(a)A multiplexing technique used over single-mode or multimode fiber-optic cable in which each signal is assigned a different wavelength for its carrier wave.
DWDM (dense wavelength division multiplexing or dense WDM)
(b)A multiplexing technique used over single-mode or multimode fiber-optic cable in which each signal is assigned a different wavelength for its carrier wave.
Types of copper network cables
-Coaxial -Twisted Pair
Coaxial cable
-Has one central copper wire surrounded by insulation, shielding, and a plastic jacket -Used for cable television, usually with an "F-connector" shown here.
Fire ratings for network cables
-PVC -Riser -Plenum
CAT 2
...
CAT 4
...
Cat 5
100 MHz 100 Mbps 100m **can run 1000BASE-T
Cat 5e
100 MHz 1000 Mbps/1 Gbps 100m
cat 5
100MHz, 100mbps, not recognized with TIA
cat 5e
100MHz, 1Gbps, recognized by TIA
10GBASE-T
10Gbps over twisted-pair copper cable
Cat 3
16 MHz 16 Mbps 100m
cat 3
16MHz, 16mbps, recognized with TIA
Ohms for RG-59 and RG-6
75 ohms
rg-59
75 ohms, used in cable TV, and uses f type. good for patch cableing
rg-6
75 ohms, used in cable TV, f type, modern, used for modems
single mode
8-10 micron diameter long distance cabling used for fiber optic networking uses lasers to transmit light signals
cat 4
20MHz, 20Mbps, not recognized by TIA
DB-25
25-pins - often used in serial port connections (also parallel connections)
Cat 6
250 MHz 10,000 Mbps/10 Gbps 55m
cat 6
250MHz, 10Gbps, recognized by TIA
Ohms for RG-58
50 ohms
Ohms for RG-8
50 ohms
multi-mode
50-62.5 micron diameter cable that allows multiple optical frequencies to travel in the core simultaneously uses LEDs to transmit light signals
Cat 6a
500 MHz 10,000 Mbps/10 Gbps 100m
cat 6a
500MHz, 10Gbps, recognized by TIA
rg-58
50ohms, used in networking, with BNC
802.11a
54 Mbps - 5 GHz
802.11g
54 Mbps, 2.4 GHz
Cat 7
600 MHz 10,000 Mbps/10 Gbps 100m
DB-9
9 pin D shell connector
DB-9
9-pins - often used in serial port connections.
1000Base-T
A Physical layer standard for achieving 1 Gbps over twisted-pair cable.
10GBase-T
A Physical layer standard for achieving 10-Gbps data transmission over twisted-pair cable.
1000Base-LX
A Physical layer standard for networks that specifies 1-Gbps transmission over fiber-optic cable using baseband transmission. The ____ represents its reliance on long wavelengths of 850 nanometers.
100Base-T
A Physical layer standard for networks that specifies baseband transmission, twisted-pair cabling, and 100-Mbps throughput. This standard is also known as Fast Ethernet.
fiber optic cable
A cable that transmits data at close to the speed of light along glass or plastic fibers.
open circuit
A circuit in which necessary connections are missing, such as occurs when a wire breaks.
BNC connector
A coaxial cable connector type that uses a turn-and-lock (or bayonet) style of coupling.
BNC connector (British Naval Connector/Bayonet Neill-Concelman)
A coaxial cable connector type that uses a turn-and-lock (or bayonet) style of coupling.
BNC connector
A coaxial cable connector type that uses a twist-and-lock (or bayonet) style of coupling. It may be used with several coaxial cable types, including RG-6 and RG-59.
hot-swappable
A component that can be installed or removed without disrupting operations.
Bottleneck
A condition in which all traffic is delayed due to a faulty or inadequate component.
Split pairs
A connection in which two wires are incorrectly mapped in exactly the same way on both ends of the cable. Each pin on one end of the cable is correctly wired to the corresponding pin at the other end, but the wires inside the cable that are used to make connections are incorrect.
Jitter
A connectivity problem on wired networks caused by individual packets that are delayed due to network congestion, different routing, or queuing problems.
F-connector
A connector used to terminate coaxial cable used for transmitting television and broadband cable signals.
F-Type connector
A connector used to terminate coaxial cable used for transmitting television and broadband cable signals. **most common and likely what you have seen
SC (subscriber connector or standard connector)
A connector with 2.5-mm ferrule that is used with single-mode, fiber-optic cable. (#1)
Tone generator and locator
A device that locates cables in a wiring closet. The __________ is typically placed at the user end, and the _________ is waved around in the wiring closet to locate the connection. It will make a distinctive noise when it is near the correct cable.
light meter
A device that measures the amount of light power transmitted on a fiber-optic line. Also called OPM (optical power meter).
OPM (optical power meter)
A device that measures the amount of light power transmitted on a fiber-optic line. Also called light meter.
cable tester
A device that tests cables for one or more of the following conditions: continuity, segment length, distance fault, attenuation along a cable, near-end crosstalk, and termination resistance and impedance.
cable tester
A device that tests cables for one or more of the following conditions: continuity, segment length, distance to a fault, attenuation along a cable, near-end cross-talk, and termination resistance and impedance.
repeater
A device used to regenerate a digital signal in its original form. This device operates at the Physical layer of the OSI model.
BiDi transceiver
A fiber optic transceiver that supports bidirectional transmission on both its ports
CFP (centum form-factor pluggable)
A fiber-optic transceiver intended for 100-Gbps network connections.
QSFP (quad small form-factor pluggable)
A fiber-optic transceiver that complies with the 802.3ba standard, squeezing four channels in a single transceiver and supporting data rates up to 40 Gbps (4 x 10 Gbps).
BiDi transceiver
A fiber-optic transceiver that supports bidirectional transmission on both its ports.
Cat 5 (Category 5)
A form of UTP that contains four wire pairs and supports up to 100-Mbps throughput and 100-MHz signal rate. Required minimum standard for Fast Ethernet.
Cat 5 (Category 5)
A form of UTP that contains four wire pairs and supports up to 100-Mbps throughput and a 100-MHz signal rate.
Multiplexing
A form of transmission that allows multiple signals to travel simultaneously over one medium.
multiplexing
A form of transmission that allows multiple signals to travel simultaneously over one medium.
TDR (time domain reflectometer)
A high-end instrument for testing qualities of a cable.
TDR (Time-Domain Reflectometer)
A high-end instrument for testing the qualities of a cable.
Cat 5e (Enhanced Category 5)
A higher-grade version of Cat 5 wiring that supports a signaling rate of up to 350 MHz and a maximum throughput of 1 Gbps, making it the required minimum standard for Gigabit Ethernet.
Cat 5e (Enhanced Category 5)
A higher-grade version of Cat 5 wiring that supports a signaling rate of up to 350 MHz and a maximum throughput of 1Gbps, required min for gigabit ethernet.
Cat 6a (Augmented Category 6)
A higher-grade version of Cat 6 wiring that further reduces attenuation and cross-talk, and allows for potentially exceeding traditional network segment length limits.
Cat 6a (Augmented Category 6)
A higher-grade version of Cat 6 wiring that further reduces attenuation and crosstalk, and allows for potentially exceeding traditional network segment length limits.
Cat 7a (Augmented Category 7)
A higher-grade version of Cat 7 wiring that will possibly support up to 100-Gbps throughput and up to 1000-MHz signal rate.
Cat 7a (Augmented Category 7)
A higher-grade version of Cat 7 wiring that will possibly support up to 100-Gbps throughput and up to 1000-MHz signal rate. ISO standards for this category cabling are still being drafted and simulations conducted.
GBIC
A hot-swappable network interface used to link a connectivity device's backplane with fiber-optic or copper cabling. The older standard before SFP
RFI (radio frequency interference)
A kind of electromagnetic interference that can be generated by broadcast signals from radio or TV antennas.
modal bandwidth
A measure of the highest frequency of a signal a multimode fiber optic cable can support over a specific project or scenario.
modal bandwidth
A measure of the highest frequency of signal a multimode fiber-optic cable can support over a specific distance. Measured in MHz-km.
PoE (Power over Ethernet)
A method of delivering current, usually 15.4 watts, to devices using Ethernet connection cables.
PoE+
A method of delivering more current (25.5 watts) than PoE does to devices using Ethernet connection cables.
PoE+
A method of delivering more current (up to 25.5 watts) than PoE does to devices using Ethernet connection cables.
PoE (Power over Ethernet)
A method of delivering up to 15.4 watts to devices using Ethernet connection cables.
TDM (time division multiplexing)
A method of multiplexing that assigns a time slot in the flow of communications to every node on the network and, in that time slot, carries data from that node.
transceiver
A modular interface that can be inserted in a switch to connect its motherboard with an external, fiber-optic cable.
WDM (wavelength division multiplexing)
A multiplexing technique in which each signal on a fiber-optic cable is assigned a different wavelength, which equates to its own subchannel.
DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing)
A multiplexing technique used over single-mode or multimode fiber-optic cable in which each signal is assigned a different wavelength for its carrier wave.
CWDM (coarse wavelength division multiplexing)
A multiplexing technique used over single-mode or multimode fiber-optic cable in which each signal is assigned a different wavelength for its carrier wave.
Butt set
A one-piece telephone handset with alligator clips that enables its operator to connect to a line anywhere that the cables are accessible.
OTDR (optical time domain reflectometer)
A performance testing device for use with fiber-optic networks which can accurately measure the length of the fiber, locations of faults, and many other characteristics.
OTDR (Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer)
A performance testing device for use with fiber-optic networks. Works by issuing a light-based signal on a fiber-optic cable and measuring the way in which the signal bounces back (or reflects). Based on the type of return light signal, it can accurately measure the length of the fiber; determine the location of faulty splices, breaks, bad or mismatched connectors, or bends; and measure attenuation over the cable.
RJ-11
A phone line connection or port found on modems, telephones, and house phone outlets.
RJ-11
A phone line connection or port found on modems, telephones, and house phone outlets. has 6 positions and 2 conductors - 2 cables are terminating into this connector a.k.a. 6P2C connector
patch cable
A relatively short section (usually between 3 and 25 feet) of cabling with connectors on both ends.
TIA/EIA 568A
A standard pinout for RJ-45 plugs required by the federal government on all federal contracts.
GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter)
A standard type of modular interface designed in the 1990s for Gigabit Ethernet connections. They may contain RJ-45 or fiber-optic cable ports (such as LC, SC, or ST). They are inserted into a socket on a connectivity device's backplane.
1000 Base T
A physical layer standard for achieving 1 GBPs over twisted pair cables
1000Base-SX
A physical layer standard for networks that specifies 1-Gbps transmission over fiber-optic cable using baseband transmission. The ____ represents its reliance on short wavelengths of 850 nanometers.
Crimper
A plier-like device that cable installers use only to create patch cables by attaching RJ-45 connectors to lengths of bulk cables. To attach a bulk cable end to a RJ-45 connector, you use the tool to squeeze the connector closed, forcing the wire ends to contact the connector's pins.
TX/RX reverse
A problem caused by mismatched pinout standards, resulting in near end cross-talk.
TX/RX reverse
A problem caused by mismatched pinout standards, resulting in near end crosstalk.
speed and duplex mismatch
A problem that occurs when neighboring devices are using different speed or duplex configurations and results in failed transmissions.
SFP
A standard hot-swappable network interface used to link a connectivity device's backplane with fiber-optic or copper cabling, replaces GBIC
SFP (Small Form Factor Pluggable)
A standard hot-swappable network interface used to link a connectivity device's backplane with fiber-optic or copper cabling.
SFP (small form-factor pluggable)
A standard hot-swappable network interface used to link a connectivity device's backplane with fiber-optic or copper cabling.
TIA/EIA 568B
A standard pinout for RJ-45 plugs commonly used in homes and businesses.
Pigtail splice
A short length of wire that connects at one end to a screw terminal on an electrical device, with the other end joined to circuit wires that are connected together with a wire connector (wire nut). It is only used with fiber-optic networks.
multimeter
A simple instrument that can measure multiple characteristics of an electric circuit, including its resistance and voltage.
multimeter
A simple instrument that can measure multiple characteristics of an electric circuit, including its resistance, voltage, and impedance.
tone locator
A small electronic device that emits a tone when it detects electrical activity on a wire pair. When used in conjunction with a tone generator, it can help locate the termination of a wire pair.
tone locator
A small electronic device that emits a tone when it detects electrical activity on a wire pair. When used in conjunction with a tone generator, it can help locate the termination of a wire pair. Also called a probe.
tone generator
A small electronic device that issues a signal on a wire pair. When used in conjunction with a tone locator, it can help locate the termination of a wire pair.
tone generator
A small electronic device that issues a signal on a wire pair. When used in conjunction with a tone locator, it can help locate the termination of a wire pair. Also called a toner
DMZ (demilitarized zone)
A small section of a private network that is located between two firewalls and made available for public access.
Punchdown tool
A tool that attaches keystone connectors to cable ends, for use in wall plates and patch panels.
Wiremap tester
A tool that consists of a main unit that connects to all 8 wires of a UTP cable at once and a loopback device that connects to the other end, enabling you to test all wires at once.
OLTS (Optical Loss Test Set)
A tool that identifies signal loss in fiber-optic cabling.
Multimeter
A tool that measures the electric current on a copper conductor.
Light meter
A tool that measures the strength of light signals in fiber-optic cabling.
Loopback connector
A tool that tests transmission and reception capabilities of a port.
TDR (Time-Domain Reflectometer)
A tool that transmits a signal over the cable and measures how long it takes for the reflection of the signal to return from the other end.
OTDR (Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer)
A tool that transmits light pulses over a fiber-optic network and measures the time interval and the strength of the returning pulse.
Crimper
A tool used to attach a connector onto the end of a cable, causing the internal RJ-45 pins to pierce the insulation of the wires, thus creating contact between the conductors at each wire.
Wire stripper
A tool used when terminating a cable. The tool cuts away the plastic jacket or coating around the wires in a cable so that a connector can be installed on the end of the cable.
QSFP
A transceiver with a small enough form factor that it can plug into a network interface but allow conversion of electrical Ethernet to fiber optic at up to 28Gbps
jitter
A transmission flaw caused by packets experiencing varying amounts of delay and arriving out of order. Also called PDV (packet delay variation).
Bidirectional
A transmission method that allows each fiber cable to carry data in both directions
bidirectional
A transmission method that allows each fiber cable to carry data in both directions.
loopback adapter
A troubleshooting tool that plugs into a port (for example, an RJ-45 or fiber optic) and crosses the transmit line with the receive line, allowing outgoing signals to be redirected back into the computer for testing. loopback plug
loopback adapter
A troubleshooting tool that plugs into a port (for example, an RJ-45 or fiber-optic port) and crosses the transmit line with the receive line, allowing outgoing signals to be redirected back into the computer for testing.
cable performance tester
A troubleshooting tool that tests cables for continuity, but can also measure cross talk, attenuation, and impedance; identify the location of faults; and store or print cable testing results.
cable performance tester
A troubleshooting tool that tests cables for continuity, but can also measure crosstalk, attenuation, and impedance; identify the location of faults; and store or print cable testing results. Also called a line tester, certifier, or network tester.
Cat 6 (Category 6)
A twisted pair cable that contains four wire pairs, each wrapped in foil insulation. Additional foil insulation covers the bundle of wire pairs, and a fire-resistant plastic sheath covers the second foil layer. The foil insulation provides excellent resistance to cross talk and enables it to support a signaling rate of 250 MHz.
Cat 7 (Category 7)
A twisted pair cable that contains multiple wire pairs, each separately shielded then surrounded by another layer of shielding within the jacket. It can support up to a 1-GHz signal rate. But because of its extra layers, it is less flexible than other forms of twisted pair wiring.
crossover cable
A twisted pair patch cable in which the termination locations of the transmit and receive wires on one end of the cable are reversed.
straight-through cable
A twisted pair patch cable in which the wire terminations in both connectors follow the same scheme.
Cat 6 (Category 6)
A twisted-pair cable that contains four wire pairs, each wrapped in foil insulation. Additional foil insulation can cover the bundle of wire pairs, and a fire-resistant plastic sheath might cover the second foil layer. The foil insulation provides excellent resistance to crosstalk and enables this Category cable to support a signaling rate of 250 MHz and throughput up to 10 Gbps.
Cat 7 (Category 7)
A twisted-pair cable that contains multiple wire pairs, each separately shielded then surrounded by another layer of shielding within the jacket.
crossover cable
A twisted-pair patch cable in which the termination locations of the transmit and receive wires on one end of the cable are reversed as compared with the other end..
straight-through cable
A twisted-pair patch cable in which the wire terminations in both connectors follow the same scheme.
toner and probe kit
A two-piece tool that includes both a tone generator and a tone locator. Used together, they can help locate the termination of a wire pair.
crossover cable
A type of Ethernet cable designed to connect two computers to each other. By contrast, most Ethernet cables are designed to connect one computer to a router or switch. A cable that is terminated to allow transmissions to smoothly terminate at the receiving side without an intermediary device.
Fast Ethernet
A type of Ethernet network that is capable of 100-Mbps throughput.
gigabit ethernet
A type of Ethernet network that is capable of 1000-Mbps, or 1-Gbps, throughput.
Gigabit Ethernet
A type of Ethernet network that is capable of 1000-Mbps, or 1-Gbps, throughput. Requires Cat 5e or higher cabling.
QSFP
A type of SFP for fiber that complies with the 802.3ba standard, squeezing four channels in a single transceiver and supporting data rates up to 40Gbps
SFP+
A type of SFP that can send and receive data at rates of up to 10 Gbps.
XFP (10 Gigabit small form-factor pluggable)
A type of SFP that can send and receive data at rates of up to 10 Gbps.
SFP+
A type of SFP that can send and receive data at rates of up to 16 Gbps.
XFP (10 gigabit small form-factor pluggable)
A type of SFP that can send and receive data at rates up to 10 Gbps
twisted pair
A type of cable similar to telephone wiring that consists of color-coded pairs of insulated copper wires, each with a diameter of 0.4 to 0.8 mm, twisted around each other and encased in plastic coating.
twisted-pair
A type of cable similar to telephone wiring that consists of color-coded pairs of insulated copper wires, each with a diameter of 0.4 to 0.8mm. Every two wires are twisted around each other to form pairs and all the pairs are encased in a plastic sheath.
coaxial cable
A type of cable that consists of a central metal conducting core, surrounded by an insulator, shielding, and an outer cover. Today this cable is used to connect cable Internet and cable TV systems.
coaxial cable
A type of cable that consists of a central metal conducting core, which might be solid or stranded and is often made of copper, surrounded by an insulator, a braided metal shielding, called braiding, and an outer cover, called the sheath or jacket. Today it's used to connect cable Internet and cable TV systems.
RG-59 (radio guide 59)
A type of coaxial cable characterized by a 75-ohm impedance and a 20 or 22 AWG core conductor, usually made of braided copper and used for relatively short connections.
RG-6 (radio guide 6)
A type of coaxial cable with an impedance of 75 ohms and an 18 AWG core conductor. This coaxial cable is used for television, satellite, and broadband cable connections.
DB-25 connector
A type of connector with 25 pins that's commonly used in serial communication that conforms to the RS-232 standard.
Cable certifier
A very powerful cable testing device that identifies a variety of cable performance characteristics and then generates a certification report, proving that cable runs pass TIA/EIA standards. It provides the functionality of a wiremap tester and a tone generator.
802.11ac
A wireless standard that operates at 5GHz and claims to provide wireless speeds of 1Gbps or higher.
100Base-T
AKA Fast Ethernet, Ethernet standard with 100Mbps transmission speed over 100 m, requires Cat5 or better cables and transmits data over 2 pairs of wire
• Is a DB15 serial connector • Used in 10Base5 Ethernet networks
AUI
Is introduced from adjacent, parallel cables. (ex. a signal sent on one wire causes interference on a wire that is within a separate twisted pair cable bundle)
Alien Crosstalk
Point-to-Multipoint
All devices connect to a central switching device
Ring Topology
All devices connected with the same wire in a CIRCLE; no end to the wire.
fast ethernet
An Ethernet technology that can transmit data at speeds of 100 Mbps.
Open circuit
An incomplete electrical circuit in which no current flows.
continuity tester
An instrument that tests whether voltage (or light, in the case of fiber-optic cable) issued at one end of a cable can be detected at the opposite end of the cable. Also called cable checker or cable tester.
Cat 3 (Category 3)
An outdated form of UTP that contained four wire pairs and could carry up to 10 Mbps, with a possible bandwidth of 16 MHz.
short circuit
An unwanted connection, such as when exposed wires touch each other.
CAT1
Analog phone line, typically seen with RJ-11 telephone connector. Used for dial-up networking
CAT 1
Analog telephone networks. Not suitable for data network.
APC
Angle Polished Connector, low return loss as it is slightly angled
100 Base T
Baseband transmission, twisted pair cabling and 100-Mbps throughput. Fast ethernet
RG-59/U
Baseband video in closed-circuit television; cable television. RG-59 coaxial cable is used for low-power video and RF connections.
hot-swappable
Any hardware that may be attached to or removed from a PC without interrupting the PC's normal processing.
BNC
Bayonet-Neill-Concelman or British Naval Connector
Loss of signal strength from one end of a cable to the other. This is also known as dB loss.
Attenuation
• Molded onto the cable • Used in 10Base2 Ethernet networks
BNC connector
BNC
British naval connector, an old connector for coax used in bus/ring topologies. also good in WAN.
• Has 8 connectors • Supports up to 4 pairs of wires • Used for Ethernet and some token ring connections
RJ45
Performance Categories of Twisted Pair cable
CAT1 CAT2 CAT3 CAT4 CAT5 CAT5e CAT6 CAT6a
RG-6/U
Cable and satellite television; cable modems
RG-11/U
Cable and satellite television; video surveillance. Thicker than RG-6. Used underground or for outdoor antennae drops.
CSMA/CA
Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance. collision detection is impossible. uses RTS, CTS(ready . clear to send)
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection. only on half duplex. waits a random time and sends info again. waits until network is clear
What cable is used for 10 megabit Ethernet?
Cat 3
What cable is used for 100 megabit, gigabit, and ATM networking?
Cat 5
What cable is used for 100 megabit and gigabit Ethernet, but provides better EMI?
Cat 5e
Supports 10 Gbps Ethernet and high-bandwidth, broadband communication. often include a solid plastic core that keeps the twisted pairs separate and prevents the cable from being bent too tightly.
Cat 6
What cable is used for 10 Gbps Ethernet, high-bandwidth, and broadband?
Cat 6
Protects against EMI and crosstalk better than Cat 6 cabling.
Cat 6a
RG-6
Coaxial Cable connection used to deliver broadband cable internet service and cable tv. 75 ohm impedance, 18 AWG core
RG-59
Coaxial cable, 75 ohm impedence with 20 or 22 AWG core
Copper cable
Communicates by electrical charge
Fiber optic cabling
Communicates by transmitting light over a glass or plastic core. Extremely low latency and is resistant to EMI
Two basic types of cabling used in networks
Copper and fiber optic
Is interference that is caused by signals within the twisted pairs of wires.
Crosstalk
FEXT (far end crosstalk)
Crosstalk measure at the far end of the cable from the signal source.
NEXT (near end crosstalk)
Crosstalk that occurs between wire pairs near the source of a signal.
Is when a cut in the wire prevents the original signal from reaching the end of the wire.
Open circuit
CAT2
Data up to 4Mbps. No longer used
Latency
Describes generalized delay in network transmissions.
Star Topology
Devices connect to a central hub. Provides fault tolerance
repeater
Operates at the physical layer of the OSI model. regenerates a digital signal in its original form
EMI
Electromagnetic Interference
Alien crosstalk
Electromagnetic interference induced on one cable by signaled traveling off of nearby cable
alien crosstalk
Electromagnetic interference induced on one cable by signals traveling over a nearby cable.
802.3
Ethernet
bandwidth
The amount of data that could theoretically be transmitted during a given period of time.
1000Base-SX
Ethernet standard over fiber optic cable with 1000Mbps transmission speed over MMF
1000Base-LX
Ethernet standard over fiber optic cable with 1000Mbps transmission speed over MMF or SMF
10GBase-T
Ethernet standard with 10,000Mbps transmission speed over 100 m, requires Cat 6a or 7 cables
1000Base-T
Ethernet standard with 1000Mbps transmission speed over 100 m, requires Cat5 or better cables (Cat5e preferred) and transmits data over 4 pairs of wire
Mesh Topology
Every device connects to every other device.
• Twisted onto the cable • Used to create cable and satellite TV connections • Connect cable modem to a broadband cable connection
F-Type connector
Designed to stay securely connected in environments where it may experience physical shot or intense vibration.
FC Connector
Used ONLY with single mode cabling.
FC Connector
Uses a threaded connector.
FC Connector
Crosstalk measured on the opposite end from the transmitter.
FEXT
FEXT
Far end crosstalk
Power distribution potentially depends on the wavelength and polarization.
Fiber Coupler
Used in optical fiber systems with one or more input fibers and one or several output fibers.
Fiber Coupler
Wavelength-sensitive couplers are used as multiplexers.
Fiber Coupler
LC (local connector)
Fiber optic connector that is easily terminated and smaller than an SC connector, works with SMF and MMF
MT-RJ (mechanical transfer RJ)
Fiber optic connector that supports MMF and SMF and is more difficult to connect than the smaller LC connector
10baseFL
Fiber-optic implementation of Ethernet that runs at 10 Mbps using baseband signaling. Maximum segment length is 2 km.
IEEE
IEEE is the institute of electrical and electronic engineers
T568A
GW, G, OW, B, BW, O, BrW, Br
QSFP+
Generally the same technology as QSFP while supporting data rates over 40 Gbps.
Plenum
Good protection against smoke and fumes. Expensive, but required by law for most indoor installations.
The measure of resistance within the transmission medium.
Impedance
Partial Mesh Topology
Imperfect mesh
copper patch panel
punch-down block on one side - RJ45 connector on the other move a connection around to different switch interfaces the run to the desk doesn't move
Bit rate
In digital transmissions, a measurement of throughput and bandwidth that is expressed as bits transmitted per second
bit rate
In digital transmissions, a measurement of throughput and bandwidth that is expressed as bits transmitted per second.
Occurs when an incompatible or incorrect connector is used.
Incorrect termination or bad connector
RG
radio guide
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Publishes and maintains standards for network technology.
Teredo/miredo
Ipv6 through ipv4 through NATed ipv4. meredo is open source
NEXT (near end cross talk)
Is when cross talk occurs between wire pairs near the source of a signal.
A single connector with two ends keeps the two cables in place.
LC Connector
Composed of plastic connector with a locking tab, similar to the RJ45 connector.
LC Connector
Is half the size of other fiber optic connectors.
LC Connector
A single connector with one end holds both cables.
MT-RJ Connector
Composed of a plastic connector with a locking tab.
MT-RJ Connector
Uses metal guide pins to ensure that it is properly aligned.
MT-RJ Connector
ethernet
Made by Xerox, accepted by world.
At distances of under 2 km, and delivers data rates up to 1 Gbps.
Multimode Fiber
Cable is caused by incorrect wire positions on both connectors. Several wiring problems might exist.
Miswired
Riser
Moderate protection against smoke and fumes. Acceptable in some cases for vertical runs between floors of a building.
T568B
OW, O, GW, B, BW, G, BrW, Br
Is has two pairs of twisted cable (a total of 4 wires). What connector would be used?
RJ11
• Has 4 connectors • Supports up to 2 pairs of wires • Used primarily for telephone wiring
RJ11
EGP
Protocol types used for sharing routing information between autonomous systems
IGP
Protocol types used within an AS
RG-6/UQ
Q stands for quad: four layers of shielding, compared to RG-6/U, which has two
Cat 3 is designed for use with 10 megabit Ethernet or 16 megabit token ring. What connect would be used?
RJ45
Cat 5 supports 100 megabit Ethernet and ATM networking. Cat 5 specifications also support gigabit (1000 Mb) Ethernet. What connector would be used?
RJ45
Cat 5e is similar to Cat 5 but provides better EMI protections. It supports 100 megabit and gigabit Ethernet. What connector would be used?
RJ45
10Base2 Ethernet networking (also called Thinnet)
RG-58
Cable TV and cabling networking
RG-59
Cable TV, satellite TV, and cable networking
RG-6
Cat 6a is designed to provide better protection against EMI and crosstalk than Cat 6 cabling. Cat 6a provides better performance than Cat 6, especially when used with 10 Gbps Ethernet. What connector would be used?
RJ 45
A phone cable is used to connect a PC to a phone jack in a wall outlet to establish a dial-up internet connection.
RJ11
Uses the same connector as an RJ45, but it is used for specific WAN connections, such as a T1 line, an is wired differently.
RJ48c
RFI
Radio Frequency Interference
PVC
Refers to cheap sheathing. No real fire protection, burns violently with smoke and noxious fumes. Use only where fire is not a hazard.
RJ-45
Registered Jack 45 - Connector found on CAT3, 5, 5e, 6, 6a
When a cable is wired using one standard on one end and another standard on the other end, creating a crossover cable.
Reverse Connection
Called a push-on/pull-off connector type that uses a locking tab to maintain connection.
SC Connector
Two types of fiber optic cable used for networks
SMF - Single Mode Fiber MMF - Multimode Fiber
Called a push-in and twist connector
ST Connector
Has a keyed, bayonet-type connector
ST Connector
Nickel plated with a ceramic ferrule to ensure proper core alignment and to prevent light ray deflection
ST Connector
Two basic types of Twisted Pair cabling
STP - Shielded Twisted Pair UTP - Unshielded Twisted Pair
toner
See tone generator.
toner probe
See toner and probe kit.
STP
Shielded Twisted Pair - Shielded with a metallic insulation to protect against EMI. Must be used in situations where interference is an issue. More expensive than UTP
ferrule
Short tube within fiber-optic cable connector that encircles fiber strand and keeps it properly aligned and keeps it from splitting, the ferrule aligns the fiber with the socket.
An electrical _______ occurs when electrical signals take a path other than the intended path.
Shorts
At distances up to 3 km and delivers data rates up to 10 Gbps.
Single Mode Fiber
Cable lengths can extend a great distance.
Single Mode Fiber
Data transfers through the core using a single light ray (the ray is also called a mode).
Single Mode Fiber
The core diameter is around 10 microns.
Single Mode Fiber
SMF
Single Mode Fiber - Uses laser light to send a single ray of light long distances.
SFP
Small Form-factor Pluggable, a transceiver that changes fiber to copper.
SC (standard connector)
Snap-in connector for fiber optic cables that supports SMF and MMF. Not used on the fastest fiber-optic systems
STP(not shielded twisted pair)
Spanning tree protocol, eliminates loops in a network.
Condition is when a single wire in two different pairs is reversed at both ends.
Split Pair
GW, G, OW, BW, B, O, BrW, Br?
T568A
OW, O, GW, B, BW, G, BrW, Br?
T568B
plenum
The air-handling space above drop ceilings that is used to circulate and otherwise handle air in a building. Main purpose is to move air that's environmentally controlled. Secondary, might be to contain high-or-low voltage wiring.
Bandwidth
The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given amount of time.
RJ-45
The 8-pin modular connector used with CAT6/5e/5 cable
IEEE 802
The IEEE standard for anything networking. Anything starting with 802 refers to an IEEE network standard.
802.3at
The IEEE standard that improves upon the older 802.3af by supplying more power (up to 25.5 watts) over Ethernet connections.
802.3at
The IEEE standard that improves upon the older 802.3af by supplying more power over Ethernet connections. Whereas PoE supplies about 15.4 watts for standard PoE devices, PoE+ provides about 25 .5 watts.
802.3af
The IEEE standard that specifies a way of supplying electrical power (up to 15.4 watts) over twisted-pair Ethernet connections, also known as PoE (Power over Ethernet).
802.3af
The IEEE standard that specifies a way of supplying electrical power over twisted-pair Ethernet connections, also known as PoE (Power over Ethernet). Requires Cat 5 or better UTP or STP cabling and uses power sourcing equipment to supply current over a wire pair to powered devices.
continuity
The ability of a cable to carry a signal to its destination.
optical loss
The degradation of a light signal on a fiber-optic network as it travels away from its source.
optical loss
The degradation of a light signal on a fiber-optic network.
cladding
The glass or plastic shield around the core of a fiber-optic cable. It reflects light back to the core in patterns that vary depending on the transmission mode. This reflection allows fiber to bend around corners without impairing the light-based signal.
cladding
The glass or plastic shield around the core of a fiber-optic cable. It reflects light back to the core in patterns that vary depending on the transmission mode.
ferrule
The extended tip of a fiber-optic cable connector that encircles the fiber strand to keep it properly aligned and ensure that it makes contact with the receptacle in a jack or other connector.
Ferrule
The extended tip of a fiber-optic connector that encircles the fiber strand to keep it properly aligned and ensure that it makes contact with the receptacle in a jack or other connector.
MTRJ (Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack)
The most common type of connector used with multimode fiber-optic cable.
cladding
The glass or plastic shield around the core of a fiber-optic cable. Reflects light back to the core in patterns that vary depending on the transmission mode. This reflection allows fiber to bend around corners without impairing the light-based signal.
Twisted Pair cabling
The most common type of network cabling. Characterized by having small wires twisted into pairs within the cable.
APC (Angle Polished Connector)
The latest advancement in ferrule technology that uses the principles of reflection to its advantage by placing the end faces of the highly polished ferrules at an angle to each other, thus reducing the effect of back reflection.
RTT (round trip time)
The length of time it takes for a packet to go from receiver to sender. It is usually measured in milliseconds.
RTT (round trip time)
The length of time it takes for a packet to go from sender to receiver, then back from receiver to sender. It is usually measured in milliseconds.
Attenuation
The loss of a signal's strength as it travels away from its source
attenuation
The loss of a signal's strength as it travels away from its source.
LC (local connector)
The most common 1.25-mm ferrule connector, which is used with single-mode, fiber-optic cable.
twist ratio
The number of twists per meter or foot in a twisted-pair cable.
802.11-1997
The original mode of 802.11, operated at 2 Mbps using 2.4-GHz frequency. has a max distance of 300m
pinout
The pin numbers and color-coded wire assignments determined by the TIA/EIA standard used when terminating a cable or installing a jack. The two standards defined for Ethernet, for example, are TIA/EIA 568A and TIA/EIA 568B.
pinout
The pin numbers and color-coded wire assignments used when terminating a cable or installing a jack, as determined by the TIA\EIA standard.
RJ-45 (registered jack 45)
The standard connector used with shielded twisted pair and unshielded twisted pair cabling.
RJ-45 (registered jack 45)
The standard connector used with shielded twisted-pair and unshielded twisted-pair cabling.
RJ-11 (registered jack 11)
The standard connector used with unshielded twisted pair cabling (usually Cat 3 or Level 1) to connect analog telephones.
RJ-11 (registered jack 11)
The standard connector used with unshielded twisted-pair cabling (usually Cat 3) to connect analog telephones.
console port
The type of port on a router used to communicate with the router itself, such as when making configuration changes to the device.
console port
The type of port on a router used to communicate with the router itself, such as when making programming changes to the device.
Ethernet port
The type of port that connects devices on a LAN; it uses an RJ-45 connector.
Attenuation
The weakening of a signal as it travels through a network medium.
UPC connector
These connectors are polished with no angle any reflected light is reflected straight back towards the light source generally blue less costly, simpler
APC connector
These connectors feature a fiber end face that is polished at an 8-degree angle the angled end face of the connector causes reflected light to reflect at an angle into the cladding generally green better optical performance
RG-9/U
Thicknet network backbones.
RG-8/U
Thicknet network backbones; amateur radio.
RG-58/U
Thin Ethernet; radio; amateur radio.
QSFP (quad small form-factor pluggable)
a fiber optic transceiver that complies with the 802.3ba standard, squeezing four channels in a single transceiver supporting data rates up to 40 Gbps
Cat5e
UTP Cabling standard that supports 1 Gbps throughput up to 350MHz
Cat6
UTP Cabling standard that supports 10 Gbps throughput up to 250MHz, includes a plastic sheath within the cable to keep the wires separated
Cat6a
UTP Cabling standard that supports 10 Gbps throughput up to 500 MHz, includes a plastic sheath within the cable to keep the wires separated
Cat5
UTP Cabling standard that supports 100Mbps throughput up to 100MHz
Cat3
UTP Cabling standard that supports 10Mbps throughput up to 160MHz
Cat7
UTP cabling standard that supports 10Gbps at 600Mhz. Has sheathing over each wire pair and requires more sophisticated connectors.
UPC
Ultra polished connectors are a fiber connector that is unangled, it has a high return loss
UTP
Unshielded Twisted Pair - Simply has a plastic sheath; no real shielding. Less expensive.
UTP
Unshielded twisted pair. deployed when interference is low.
CAT6a
Up to 10,000Mbps/10Gbps at 100 meters. Known as "10Gigabit Ethernet Cable."
CAT6
Up to 10,000Mbps/10Gbps at 55 meters, but only 1000Mbps/1Gbps at 100 meters. Known as "10Gigabit Ethernet Cable."
CAT5e
Up to 1000Mbps/1Gbps and 100 meters. Known as "Gigabit Ethernet Cable" and is still used.
CAT5
Up to 100Mbps and 100 meters. Known as "Fast Ethernet Cable" and is still used.
CAT3
Up to 16Mbps and 100 meters. Known as "Ethernet cable" and is still used.
CAT4
Up to 20Mbps, but no longer used
GBIC
a first generation supplementary interface adaptor that converts/allows 1Gbps conversion from fiber optic to twisted pair or vice versa
CAT 5
Used for data and voice in Ethernet networks running at 10 or 100 Mbps. Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Token Ring, and ATM all support CAT 5e.100 Mbps; 100MHZ, 155 Mpbs ATM
CAT 5e
Used for data and voice in Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet networks. Has better transmission performance characteristics than CAT 5e. 100 Mbps; 100MHZ, 155 Mpbs ATM
CAT 6
Used for data in Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet networks. Ethernet, Fast Wthernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Token Ring, and ATM all support CAT 6. 1 Gbps; 250 MHz, 155 Mbps ATM CAT 6 cables use better materials and can operate at up to 2.5 Gbps. All twisted-pair cabling has a maximum LAN run length of approximately 100 meters. However, limitations are not in terms of usage as phone lines coming into an house.
CAT 7
Used for full-motion video, teleradiology, and government and manufacturing environments, CAT 7 is an emerging standard. You'll also hear this category referred to as ISO Class F.
crimper
Used to attach a connector (for example, an RJ-45 connector) to the end of an unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable.
APC (angle polished connector)
Uses the principles of reflection by placing the end faces of highly polished ferrules at an angle to each other
CAT 3
Voice in newer telephone system. The minimum category you can use for data networks. Most often found in 10BASE-T network.
Network topologies
Ways networks can be designed; various ways to get computers connected to one another
Coaxial cable (coax)
a large cable with copper wire in the center.
Bus Topology
When all devices are connected using a single cable (aka bus) which forms a line of computers.
Transposed wires
When both of the wires in the pair are connected to the wrong pins at one end of the cable run.
Short circuit
When one pin on one end of the cable run is connected to two or more pins on the other end of the cable run. When the conductors of two or more wires are touching inside the cable run.
hybrid routing protocols
a little of both link-stake and distance vector
transceiver
a modular interface that can be inserted in a switch to connect its mother board with an external, fiber optic cable
Distance vector routing protocols
a routing protocol based off hops
802.11n
Wireless networking standard that can operate in both the 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz bands and uses multiple in/multiple out (MIMO) to achieve a theoretical maximum throughput of 100+ Mbps.
802.11b
Wireless networking standard that operates in the 2.4-GHz band with a theoretical maximum throughput of 11 Mbps.
Refers to the matching of wire with a pin on one end with the same pin on the other end.
Wiremapping
10BaseT
a standard for ethernet, has a speed of 10Mbps, baseband signal type, 100m max distance, 1024 nodes per hub, star-bus topology. Cat3 or better UTP cable with RJ-45
core
a cable's central component that is designed to carry a signal, such as glass or plastic fibers in fiber optic cable or strands of copper in twisted-pair cable.
core
a cable's central component that is designed to carry a signal, such as glass or plastic fibers in fiber-optic cable or strands of copper in twisted-pair cabling
RJ-11
a connecter used in phone lines
f type connector
a connecter used to terminate coax runs.
F-connector
a connector used to terminate coaxial cable that transmits television and cable broadband signals.
probe
a device that emits a tone when it detects electrical activity on a wire
OPM (Optical power meter)
a device that measures the amount of light power transmitted on a fiber-optic line. light meter
light meter
a device to measure light intensity. also called OPM (optical power meter)
MT-RJ
a duplex fiber cable, smallest connector
1000baseSX
a ethernet standard that runs in ethernet. it uses a 850nm wavelength, normally uses LC connectors, has a 1Gbps speed, is multimode, and max length of 220-500m.
1000baseT
a ethernet standard that transports 1Gbps, though Cat5e/cat6 cables, at a max distance of 100m. uses all 4 pairs
GBIC (Gigabit interface converter)
a standard type of modular interface that may contain RJ-45 or fiber-optic cable ports (such as LC, SC, or ST). They are inserted into a socket on a connectivity device's backplane.
ST Connector
a straight tip connector, looks like a circle, used in fiber.
jitter
a transmission flaw caused by packets experiencing varying amounts of delay arriving out of order. also called PDV (packet delay variation)
802.11q
a trunking protocol letting multiple switches have a vlan
RG-6 (radio guide 6)
a type of coaxial cable with an impedance of 75 ohms and an 18 AWG core conductor. used for television, satellite, and broadband cable connections
RG-59 (radio guide 59)
a type of coaxial cable with an impedance of 75 ohms and an 20 or 22 AWG core conductor. usually made of braided copper and used for short connections
ethernet
a type of networking technology for local area networks. Definition: Ethernet is a physical and data link layer technology for local area networks (LANs). Ethernet was invented by engineer Robert Metcalfe.
duplex
a type of transmission in which signals may travel in both directions over a medium
dynamic routing
allows routers to talk and update routing tables
open circuit
an electrical circuit that is not complete.
10GbaseSR
an ethernet standard that has a speed of 10Gbps though multimode fiber. it uses a wavelength of 850 and is used on LANs. it has a max length of 300m
10GbaseSW
an ethernet standard that transports 10Gbps, with a 850nm wavelength, is multimode, works on Wan, and has max length of 300m
1000baseLX
an ethernet standard that transports 1Gbps though a 1300nm fiber medium. it commonly uses LC and SC connectors, is single-mode, and has a max length of 5km
10GbaseER
an ethernet standard that uses a wavelength of 1550nm over singlemode fiber with a max speed of 10gbps. it has a max distance of 40km and is used in LANs.
10GbaseLR
an ethernet standard that uses single-mode fiber to transport 10Gbps. it uses a wavelength of 1310nm it is used in LAN and has a max signal of 10km.
10GbaseEW
an ethernet standard using a wavelength of 1550nm over single mode fiber with a max speed of 10gbps. it has a max length of 40km and is used in WANs.
100baseFX
an ethernet standard using fiber optic, max speed of 100Mbps, baseband signal type, 2km max distance, 1024 node limit, star-bus topology, multimode fiber cabling with ST or SC connectors
10GbaseLW
an ethernet standard using single-mode fiber at a wavelength of 1310nm. it transports 10Gbps on a WAN and has a max distance of 10km.
100baseT
an ethernet standard, gas a max speed of 100Mbps, baseband signal type, 100m max distance, 1024 nodes, Star-bus, cat5 or better UTP or STP cabling. with RJ-45 8P8C. uses 2 of the 4 pairs
Thin Ethernet (Thinnet) designs, wired with RG58/U coaxial cable
are limited by the attenuation of signals in the cable. Thinnet cables can support network segments up to only 185 meters long.
Thick Ethernet designs, wired with 50-ohm RG8/U coaxial
are more resistant to attenuation and can span up to 500 meters. Neither of these is being widely used now, because more advanced cables can span distances up to 1000 meters with less attenuation of network signals.
console cable
cable termination suitable for use with direct network device management
plenum cable
cable that does not release toxins when burned.
crossover cables
cables that connect devices to each other. ethernet goes from a to b scheme.
half-duplex
can only transmit on it or receive, cannot do both at the same time
TIA/EIA 568
cat 5 cable termination using split pair wiring at the ends
RG-6
coax commonly used in cable TV, satellite, and broadband internet installation thick conductor wire
RG-59
coax commonly used in cable TV, satellite, and broadband internet installation thin conductor wire
F-type
coaxial cable connector with screw-on connection
ST (straight tip)
connector for fiber optic cables used with SMF and MMF. Does not support full-duplex transmissions and is not used on the fastest fiber-optic systems
FEXT (far end crosstalk)
crosstalk measured at the far end of the cable from the signal source
LC Connector
duplex connector, has two small squares
plenum-rated cabling
is often covered with Teflon and is more expensive than ordinary cabling, outer layer includes low-some polyvinyl chloride (PVC), is more resistant to flames, and when burning, produces less smoke and fewer noxious fumes than ordinary cabling. Fiber optic, twisted-par, and coaxial cable are available in plenum-rated versions.
hubs
old switches, where all packets are sent everywhere
RG-62/U
older network..ARCnet. 93 Ohmn impedance and uses AWG 22
fiber distribution panel
permanent fiber installation patch panel at both ends soft curves to accommodate bend radius of fiber cables
frame compisition
preamble, padding, payload, FCS
link-state routing protocols
protocol based off of status of link, faster is better
dual stack routing
runs ipv4 and ipv6
QSFP+
same technology as QSFP. supports data rates over 40 Gbps
toner
see tone generator
full duplex
send and receive at the same time
DB-25
serial communications D-shell connector, 25 pins
SFP+
small form factor interface that supports up to 16Gbps fiber optic data traffic
RJ-45
standard connector used with ethernet, aka 8P8C
continuity
the ability of a cable to carry a signal to its destination
throughput
the amount of data that a medium transmits during a given period of time. This is usually measured in megabits (1,000,000 bits) per second, or Mbps.
throughput
the amount of data that a medium transmits during a given period of time. measured in megabits
568B
the coloring scheme orange white | orange | green white | blue | Blue white | Green | Brown white | brown
568A
the coloring scheme: green/white | green | orange white | blue | blue white | orange | brown white | brown.
MTRJ (Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack)
the most common type of connector used with multimode fiber-optic cable
twist ratio
the number of twists per meter
ethernet port
the type of port that connects devices on a LAN; uses an RJ-45 connector
plenum-rated cabling
use of cabling with sheathing rated to be flame resistant
SC Connector
used in fiber, a square connector
D-sub
used in serial connections, used for routers and switches
RJ-45
used to terminate a Cat5 cable into an 8 pin connector 8 positions + 8 conductors = 8 wires terminating into this connector
110 block
wire-to-wire patch panel replaces 66 block - accommodates Cat 5 + Cat 6 cables
Used with single moved and multimode cabling.
• ST Connector • SC Connector • LC Connector • MT-RJ Connector