neuro exam

The nurse is assessing an older patient with Parkinson's disease who was started on entacapone 1 week ago. The patient has a history of coronary artery disease and takes an antihypertensive and aspirin. Which information would support the need for a reduction in medication dosage by the health care provider? 1. Constipation 2. Brownish orange urine 3. Drowsiness 4. Dizziness

Dizziness

The nurse is caring for a client with increased intracranial pressure. Which change in vital signs will occur? 1. Increased temp, increased pulse, increased RR 2.Decreased temp decreased pulse increased RR 3. Increasing temperature, decreasing pulse, decreasing respirations, increasing blood pressure

Increasing temperature, decreasing pulse, decreasing respirations, increasing blood pressure

A client is found unconscious and unresponsive. What should the nurse do first? 1. initiate a code 2. check the radial pulse 3. compress the lower sternum 4. give 2 breaths

Initiate a code

A patient has a head injury and is presenting with signs and symptoms of ICP. Which intervention would be helpful in reducing this pressure? 1. Place the head in a neutral position to promote venous drainage 2. suction hourly to stimulate the cough reflex 3. Add extra blankets to keep the patient warm 4. Turn the patient frequently to prevent skin impairment

Place the head in a neutral position to promote venous drainage

.A family member of a patient who has just suffered a tonic-clonic seizure is concerned about the patient's deep sleep. What is this behavior called? 1. convalescent period 2. neural recovery period 3. sombulant period 4. postical period

Postictal period

A client admitted to the hospital with a neurological problem indicates to the nurse that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be done. Which finding noted in the client history indicates that the client may be ineligible for this diagnostic procedure? 1. heart failure 2. hypertension 3. Prosthetic valve replacement 4. COPD

Prosthetic valve replacement

What is the nurse aware of when assessing a person with a craniocerebral injury? 1. most injuries of this type are irreversible 2. open injuries are always more serious than closed injuries 3. signs and symptoms may not occur until several days after the trauma 4. trauma to the frontal lobe is more significant than to any other area

Signs and symptoms may not occur until several days after the trauma

A patient has recently suffered a stroke with left-sided weakness and has problems with choking, especially when drinking thin liquids. What nursing interventions would be most helpful in assisting this patient to swallow safely? 1. Take a sip of liquid with each bite 2.Tuck chin when swallowing 3. turn head to the left 4.

Tuck chin when swallowing

what is the cranial nerve that supplies most of the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities and carries motor fibers to glands that produce digestive juices and other secretions? 1. Somatic nerve 2. Visceral sensory nerve 3. abducens nerve 4. vagus nerve

Vagus nerve

A client with a hea dinjury is admitted to the hospital. which client response indicates increasing ICP? 1. hypervigilenace 2. constricted pupils 3. Increased HR 4. Widening pulse pressure

Widening pulse pressure

Which foods should the person who suffers from migraine headaches avoid? (Select all that apply.) Yogurt Caffeine Beef Pears Marinated foods Milk

Yogurt, caffeine, Marinated foods,

A nurse assessing a client's eyes notes that the pupils get larger when the client looks at an object in the distance and become smaller when the client looks at a nearby object. How does the nurse document this finding? 1. Myopia 2. Hyperopia 3.accomodation 4. photophobia

accomodation

the autonomic nervous system can be sudivided into which types of adrenergic receptors? 1. nicotine and muscarinic 2. affarent an defferent 3. alpha and beta 4. agonist and antagonist

alpha and beta

An 83-year-old patient has had a stroke. He is right-handed and has a history of hypertension and "little" strokes. He presents with right hemiplegia. To afford him the best visual field, the nurse should approach him: 1. the right side 2. the left side 3. the center 4. either side

from the left side.

what is the nurse assessing when asking "who is the president of the US? 1. orientation 2. memory 3. fund of knowledge 4. calculation

fund of knowledge

Bowel sound assessment on a patient with an obstruction who has distention, nausea, and visible peristaltic waves would be: a. loud and clearly audible. b. high pitched. c. hyperactive. d. absent.

high pitched

what is the basic problem that prompts most of the early signs of alzheimer's disease? 1. change sin mood 2. misplacing things 3. memory loss that disrupts daily life 4. problems with words speaking

memory loss that disrupts daily life

As the result of a stroke, a patient has difficulty discerning the position of his body without looking at it. In the nurse's documentation, which would best describe the patient's inability to assess spatial position of his body? 1. agnosia 2. proprioception 3. apraxia 4. sensation

proprioception

A patient is in which stage of Alzheimer disease when she demonstrates "sundowning"? 1. early stage 2. second stage 3. third stage 4. final stage

second stage

Following a myelogram the nurse should include in the postprocedure care assessment for 1. elevation of blood pressure 2. urine retention. 3. sensation in lower extremities. 4. slurred speech.

sensation in lower extremities.

The nurse is aware that the characteristic gait of the person with Parkinson disease is a propulsive gait, which causes the patient to: 1. stagger and need support of a walker 2. shuffle with arms flexed 3. fall over to one wide when walking 4. take small steps balanced o the toes

shuffle with arms flexed.

A therapeutic measure to reduce increased intracranial pressure is 1. suction the patient every 2 hours 2. place in semiprone position 3. reduce fluid intake 4. keep the patient flat in bed

Reduce fluid intake

A client who is experiencing an inferior wall myocardial infarction has had a drop in heart rate into the 50 to 56 beats/min range. The client is also complaining of nausea. The nurse interprets that these symptoms are because of stimulation of which cranial nerve (CN)? 1. Vagus (CN X) 2. Hypoglossal (CN XII) 3. Spinal accessory (CN XI) 4. Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Vagus (CN X)

The newly admitted patient to the emergency room 30 minutes ago after a fall off a ladder has gradually decreased in consciousness and has slowly reacting pupils, a widening pulse pressure, and verbal responses that are slow and unintelligible. What is the most appropriate position for the patient? 1. neck placed in a neutral position 2. head raised slightly with hips flexed 3. supine in gravity neutral position 4. turn on right side with head elevated

neck placed in a neutral position

which question is likely to elicit the most valid response from the patient who is being interviewed? 1. Do you have any sensations of pins and needles in your feet? 2. Does the pain radiate from your back into your legs? 3. Can you describe the sensations you are having 4. Do you ever having any nausea or dizziness

"Can you describe the sensations you are having?"

A client is being scheduled for a positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the brain. The nurse should provide which explanation to the client? 1. The test uses magnetic fields to produce images. 2. The test provides cross-sectional views of the brain. 3. The test detects abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain. 4. The test views bones of the skull, nasal sinuses, and vertebrae

"The test detects abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain."

A patient with parkinson's diseases asks the nurse why anticholingerics are used in the treatment. 1. These drugs will help you urinate 2. The drugs will decrease eye pressure 3. "These drugs inhibit the action of acetylcholine." 4. These drugs will assist in lowering your heart rate

"These drugs inhibit the action of acetylcholine."

Parkinson's disease has which characteristic symptom(s)? (Select all that apply.) 1. Muscle tremors 2. Posture alterations 3. Muscle flaccidity 4. Tachycardia 5. Slow body movement

1.Muscle tremors 2. Posture alterations 5. Slow body movement

.What Glasgow Coma Scale rating would a patient receive who opens the eyes spontaneously, but has incomprehensible speech and obeys commands for movement? 1. 8 2. 10 3. 11 4. 12

12

Which symptom is specific to migraine headaches? 1. tachycardia 2. They become worse in the evenings 3. They involve the entire head 4. They are preceded by an aura

4. They are preceded by an aura

The nurse is preparing a client who is scheduled to have cerebral angiogrpahy performed. Which should the nurse check before the procedure 1. Allergy to iodine or shellfish 2. Excessive weight 3. Allergy to salmon 4. Claustrophobia

Allergy to iodine or shellfish

A client with expressive aphasia becomes agitated and upset when attempting to communicate with the nurse. To help reduce the client's frustration, the nurse should: 1. Limit contact with others to minimize communication 2. anticipate needs so the client doesn't need to ask for help 3. face the client while speaking loudly

Allow the client adequate time to speak

Why is it advantageous for a live person to be a liver donor? 1. because the donor is not at risk for any complications 2. because the recipient is mor elikely to avoid rejection 3. Because the donor donates only part of the liver 4. Because the blood supply is more dependable in donated liver

Because the donor donates only a part of the liver

What does the nurse know about the stroke patient who has expressive aphasia? 1. has difficulty comprehending spoken and written communication 2. cannot make any vocal sounds 3. has total loss and comprehension of language 4. Can understand the spoken work, but cannot speak

Can understand the spoken work, but cannot speak

A lumbar puncture is performed to obtain which specimen? 1. serum 2. cerebral spinal fluid 3. urine 3. arterial blood gases

Cerebral spinal fluid

When planning care for a patient with aphasia the nurse should 1. Talk loudly so he or she can hear 2. Refrain from giving explanations about procedures 3. Provide as much environmental stimuli as possible to prevent feelings of isolation 4. Consider the type of aphasia that the patient has and adapt communication methods accordingly

Consider the type of aphasia that the patient has and adapt communication methods accordingly

A nurse observes dorsiflexion of the big toe and fanning of other toes when the lateral side of a client's foot is stroked with an applicator stick during a neurologic examination. What should the nurse document in the client's medical record? 1. Has intact plantar reflexes" 2. Exhibits a positive Babinski sign 3.Demonstrates normal sensory function 4. Able to perform active range of motion"

Exhibits a positive Babinski sign

The newly admitted patient admitted to the emergency room after a MVA has serosanguineous drainage coming from the nose. What i sthe most appropriate nursing response to this assessment? 1. Cleanse nose with a soft qtio 2. Gnetly suction nasal cavity 3. Gently wipe nose with absorbent gauze

Gently wipe nose with absorbent gauze

A client arrives on the nursing unit unconscious and exhibiting decereberate posturing. When assessing the client the nurse expects the nurse expects to observe: 1. hyperextension of both upper and lower extremeties 2. spastic paralysis of both the upper and lower extremeties 3. Hyperflexion of the upper extremeties and hypertensin of the 4. flaccid paralyis of the upper nad spastic paralyis

Hyperextension of both the upper and lower extremities

The nurse assures an anxious family member of a 92-year-old patient who is demonstrating signs of dementia that many causes of dementia are reversible and preventable. What is one example? 1. Hypotension 2. alzheimers 2. diabetes 4. parkinsons

Hypotension

The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed antibiotic to a client with bacterial meningitis. The nurse understands that the selection of an antibiotic to treat meningitis is based on which fact? 1. It has a long half-life. 2. It acts within minutes to hours. 3. It can be easily excreted in the urine. 4. It is able to cross the blood-brain barrier.

It is able to cross the blood barrier

A frantic family member is distressed about the flaccid paralysis of her son following a spinal cord injury several hours ago. What does the nurse know about this condition? 1. It is an ominous indicator of permanent paralysis 2. it is possibly a temporary condition and will clear 3. it degenerates into spastic paralysis 4.it wil progress up the cord to cause seizures

It is possibly a temporary condition and will clear

what is the most common procedure for the removal of the gallbladder?

Laparoscopic cholecsytomy

The patient, injured in an automobile accident, is being evaluated in the emergency department for possible head injury. Which test should not be done if there is an indication of increased intracranial pressure? 1. CT scan 2. MRI scan 3. Lumbar puncture 4. Electroencephalogram

Lumbar puncture

A client is scheduled for a lumbar puncture. What nursing care should be implemented after the procedure? 1. Maintaining the client in the supine position for several hours 2. Encouraging the client in the trendelenburg position for at least 2 hours. 3. Keeping the client trendelenburg position for at least 2 hours. 4. Placing the client in high fowlers position immediately after the procedure

Maintaining the client in the supine position for several hours

A patient, age 45, is to have a myelogram to confirm the presence of a herniated intervertebral disk. Which nursing action should be planned with respect to this diagnostic test? 1. obtain an allergy history before the test 2. ambulate the patient when returned to the room after the test 3. Use heated blanket to keep pt warm after procedure 4. Keep NPO for 6-8 hrs after the test

Obtain an allergy history before the test.

A patient age 53 is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after she hit her head on her bathroom sink and fell unconscious to the floor. Which assessment should the nurse perform first? 1. History of health problems 2. Patency of airway 3. Neurological status 4. Status of bodily functions

Patency of airway

When teaching about aging. The nurse explains that older adults usually have. 1. Inflexible attitudes 2. Periods of confusion 3. Slower reaction times 4. Some senile dementia

Slower reaction times

A nurse is precepting an orientee (newly hired nurse). The nurse observes the orientee caring for an unconscious client with increasing intracranial pressure. The nurse should question which intervention that the orientee performs? 1. Lubricating skin with baby oil 2. suctioning client routinely 3. Elevating the head of the bed 20 degrees 4. Cleansing the eyes four hours with normal saline

Suctioning the oropharynx routinely

The nurse is teaching a patient with Parkinson's disease about levodopa. Which statement by the nurse is accurate regarding drug administration? 1. Take this medication in between meals 2. Take this medication at bedtime to prevent dizziness 3. Take this medication when your tremors get worse.3 4. Take this medication with food or antacids to reduce GI upset.

Take this medication with food or antacids to reduce GI upset.

A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled to have electroencephalography. The nurse determines that the client is ready for the procedure after noting which finding? 1. The client's hair has been shampooed 2.The client has not has any breakfast 3. The client has had two cups of coffee with breakfast

The client's hair has been shampooed

Why is the patient with suspected Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) hospitalized immediately? 1. the infevtion needs to be treated w/ IV antibiotic 2. the brain may swell quickly causing seizure 3. The disease can rapidly progress into respiratory failure 4. IV hydration is needed to prevent possible fatal hypotension

The disease can rapidly progress into respiratory failure

The nurse is aware that when assessing a patient by the FOUR score coma scale, the patient is assessed in four categories: eye response, brainstem reflexes, motor response, and respiration. How are these results reported? 1. as a sum of the scores of the four categories 2. as a part of the glascow coma score 3. an individual score in each category 4. as progressive scoreduring 24 hour period

an individual score in each category

What are the effects of normal aging on the nervous system? a. Small vessel occlusion b. Loss of neurons c. Calcification of cerebrum d. Reduction of cerebral blood flow e. Lipofucsin f. decrease in oxygen use

b. Loss of neurons d. Reduction of cerebral blood flow e. Lipofuscin f. Decrease in oxygen use

what are the two divisions of the nervous system?

central and peripheral

What is the cardinal sign of increased intracranial pressure in a brain injured patient? 1. pupil changes 2. ipsilateral paralysis 3. vomiting 4. decrease in the level of consciousness

decrease in the level of consciousness

The nurse is caring for a home health patient who had a spinal cord injury at C5 The nurse bases the plan of care on the knowledge that the patient will be able to: 1. feed self with setup and adaptive equipment 2.transfer self to wheelchair 3.stand erect with full leg braces 4.sit with good balance

feed self with setup and adaptive equipment

.The nurse is aware that the drug t-PA (Activase), a tissue plasminogen activator, must be given in____hours of the onset of symptoms to have maximum benefit. 1. 3 hours 2. 4 hours 3. 6 hours 4. 8 hours

3 hours