Neuroscience Lecture 1D - Axonal Transport + Review
fast anterograde has been used to trace connections of neurons by what tracer? what does it help find?
HRP horseradish peroxidase helps find/see where cell bodies are
fast anterograde: 1. In adult, warm=blooded animals, the organelles transported move at a rate in excess of ______ mm/day. 2. a large portion of this material consists of _______ ______ or their precursors for delivery to the terminals. 3. the fast anterograde transport depends critically on _________ _________ 4. fast anterograde transport in the axon is based on ________ that provide an essentially stationary track on which specific organelles move in a saltatory fashion
1. 400-1000 mm/day 2. synaptic vesicles 3. oxidative metabolism 4. microtubules
disruptions of axonal transport have been linked to neurodevelopmental & neurodegenerative diseases, what are they? (4)
1. Alzheimer's 2. ALS 3. Huntingtins 4. multiple sclerosis (MS)
slow anterograde: 1. what is transported down the axon? 2. travels at a rate of ______ mm/day 3. what 2 fibrous proteins constitute about 75% of the total protein moved by this slower component?
1. cytosol (cytoskeletal elements and soluble proteins) 2. travels at 3 mm/day 3. neurofilaments and microtubules
fast retrograde: 1. materials are returned to the cell body for what 2 purposes? 2. travels at a rate of ____ mm/day
1. degradation or for restoration/reuse 2. 200-350 mm/day
there are 3 ways that constituents move within an axon, what are they?
1. fast anterograde 2. slow anterograde 3. fast retrograde
what 4 neurotropic viruses/toxins reach the CNS by ascending from the peripheral nerve terminals to cell bodies by fast retrograde transport?
1. polio 2. herpes z 3. rabies 4. tetanus
fast retrograde: 1. what way does it transport? 2. what motor molecule does it use? 3. does it require energy?
1. transport that moves from the axon terminal to the cell body 2. uses the motor molecule dynein 3. uses ATP (energy)
slow anterograde: 1. what way does it transport? 2. what motor molecule does it use? 3. does it require energy?
1. transport that moves from the cell body to the axon terminal 2. no motor molecule required 3. no ATP (energy) required
fast anterograde: 1. what way does it transport? 2. what motor molecule does it use? 3. does it require energy?
1. transport that moves from the cell body to the axon terminal 2. uses the motor molecule kinesin 3. uses ATP (energy)
in most neurons, the cell body represents what percent of the cells' total volume?
10%
somatic efferent (motor neurons) fibers are classified as: a. unipolar cells b. bipolar cells c. pseudo-unipolar cells d. multipolar cells
d. multipolar cells
microtubules are the essential stationary tract used for what type of axonal transport? a. fast anterograde axonal transport b. slow axonal transport c. fast retrograde transport d. all of the above e. a and c
e. a and c
Astrocytes serve the following functions with the exception of: a. buffering function by taking up certain neurotransmitters from the synaptic area b. nutritive function c. buffering function by taking up excess potassium released during high activity d. act as scavengers and remove neuronal debris e. none of the above since all are functions of astrocytes
e. none of the above since all are functions of astrocytes
what functional type of neuron is most prevalent in the vertebrae nervous system?
interneurons
The motor molecule responsible for fast anterograde axonal transport is:
kinesin
how can you tell where the back of the brain is?
the back of the brain is BIGGER than the front the front is SMALLER
