New Testament misc
Charismatic Communities
Communities of believers that were led not by appointed leaders but by the Spirit of God, which had bestowed a particular gift (Greek: charisma), useful for the functioning of the entire group, upon each member of the community. According to Paul (see 1 Corinthians 12-14), the gifts (Charismata) included such abilities as teaching, preaching, healing, prophesying, speaking in tongues, interpretation of tongues, and so on.
AD 62
Completion of the Second Temple
Sadducees
Comprised of many wealthy elite, especially in Jerusalem, they exercised considerable religious and political influence among Jews at the time of Christ.
Concept of God
Concept of a supreme being
721 BC
Conquering of Israel under the Assyrians
607 BC
Conquering of Judah under the Babylonians
John Gospel
Contains the prologue, "In the beginning was the Word ....." This gospel emphasizes the Incarnation of the Word. Compares Jesus as a light that shines in the darkness and the darkness shall not overcome it.
Paul likely writes Romans from
Corinth in the year 57 or 58
Where did Titus pastor his church?
Crete
How Jesus was executed
Crucifixion
Saul was struck by a light and converted when on the road to ____
Damascus
Background of Son of Man in Jerusalem
Daniel 7 this is the person who will fulfill God's promises to Israel
What is the significance of Jesus' title as the Son of Man (6)
Daniel 7: 1) Divine Authority 2) Kingdom Crusher 3) Establishes God's Kingdom 4) Lord of Sabbath 5) Lowliness and Suffering Death 6) Non-Confrontational Name
Famous king of Israel from whom Jesus was descended
David
Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur)
Day long feast in which a goat is released into the wilderness to symbolize the redemption of the people's sin
Sabbath
Day of rest and worship
Sabbath
Day of rest and worship for the Jews
For what is Phoebe known in Romans?
Delivering Paul's letter to the Romans, based on her position as a deacon or minister and benefactor
586 BC
Destruction of Solomon's Temple by the Babylonians
AD 70
Destruction of the Second Temple
When James directly addresses his readers as "you" he is using a Greek rhetorical device called
Diatribe
A follower of a great rabbi like Jesus
Disciple
1947 AD
Discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls
Diaspora
Dispersion of the Jews
What is the Corinthian issue with disorderly (2) worship?
Disruption from women in the congregation
The fourth Gospel introduces Jesus as
Divine Logos
AD 81 - 96
Domitian
Theme of Galatians
Don't mess with Grace
Thomas the Apostle
Doubted the resurrection.
Eusebius
Early-fourth-century church father known as the "Father of Church History" as his ten-volume book. History of the Christian Church, was hte first to provide an extensive chronicle of Christianity's early years, from the days of Jesus down to Eusebius' own time (the early part of the reign of Constantine). Eusebius is the primary source of information for many of the events and writers of the first three centuries of the Church.
Holiday celebrating the resurrection
Easter
Holy family fled here to escape from King Herod who was killing all the young children
Egypt
Isis
Egyptian goddess worshiped in mystery cults throughout the roman world
Name the characteristics of elders in the church as listed in the pastoral epistles of 1 Timothy and Titus.
Elders are teachers who direct affairs of the church, worthy of double honor, ruled in the synagougues: blamless, one wife, hospitable, sober, not greedy.
Elias
Elijah the prophet, Christ talked to him on the mount of transfiguration.
Where is the most likely place for John to have written his Gospel?
Ephesus
Theology of last things; writing about the end of the world
Eschatology
Qumran
Essene site overlooking the Dead Sea
One of two great sacraments, it is based on Jesus' last meal with his friends
Eucharist
What was the Jewish perception of eunuchs? (5)
Eunuchs were disqualified because they: 1) Unable to be fruitful and multiply 2) No circumcision 3) Ambiguity 4) Physical body was a mirror of the corporate body 5) Excluded from the temple
Where did rationalistic attitude begin with scholars in universities and seminaries?
Europe
Who is the audience of John?
Everyone
What is the central emphasis of Ephesians
Everyone has the same position in Christ, one of lowly, humble, service, so therefore give up your earthly position and privilege like Christ did.
Herod
Expanded the temple that took 80 years to build
T/F - Luke portrays the disciples more negatively than Mark
F
Paul says salvation comes through this, not from works of the Law
Faith
What word does not occur in John?
Faith
Paul and James agree that
Faith is realized in action
Theme of James
Faith without works is dead
pseudonymity
False names - idea that books were not written by the actual named signed, but by one of ___'s followers
Thucydides
Famous historian of Athens in the fifth century b.c.e., best known for his account of the twenty-seven-year Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta. Thucydides' account, like those of other Greek historians after him, contained a large number of speeches, which he frankly admitted to have composed himself as appropriate for the occasion (cf. the speeches in Acts in the New Testament).
Plutarch
Famous philospher, historian, and biographer of the second century, known particulalry for his essays on moral philosophy and the biographies he wrote of Famous greek and Roman men.
Iraneus
Famous proto-orthodox church father and "heresiologiest" (i.e. Heresy Hunter) of the second century, whose five-volume work, Against Heresies, writen arround 180 c.e., is a major source of information for Gnostic and other "heretical" groups
Irenaeus
Famous proto-orthodox church father and "heresiologist" (i.e. heresy hunter) of the second century, whose five-volume work, Against Heresies, written around 180ce, is a major source of information for Gnostic and other "heretical" groups
Cornelius
First Gentile converted to Christianity
Most scholars think that 1 Thessalonians is Paul's
First canonical letter written
Augustus
First emperor of Rome
Domitian
First emperor to demand to be acknowledged as a god
Josephus
First-century Jewish historian, appointed court historian by the Roman emperor Vespasian, whose works The Jewish War and The Antiquities of the Jews are principal resources for information about life in first-century Palestine
Sower, Wheat and Tares, Mustard Seed, Pearl of Great Price, Unforgiving Servant
Five "Parables of the..." to know
John 3:16
For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life
The Prodigal Son is a parable about God's willingness to do this.
Forgive
For Paul, a person is only really free when she is
Free in Christ
Book of Acts demonstrates an "outline"
From Jerusalem, to Judea, to Samaria, to the Ends of the Earth
1 Epistle
Galatians
The Galatian churches consist mostly of
Gentile Christians
Non-Jews
Gentiles
Olive Press
Gethsemane means this
Translation
"A glorified change brought upon select mortals which lengthens their connection with mortality until the time of their resurrection"
On Paul's return to Jerusalem after his third journey, he was arrested when he spoke WHAT word?
"Gentiles"
Way, truth, life
"I am the ______, the ______, and the ______."
Let him deny himself...take up his cross...follow me
"If anyone comes after me _____________, ___________, and ___________."
Synoptic
"Seen Together"
In the parables he was represented by a father, a rich man, and the host of a banquet
God
Jesus taught that the kingdom of God belonged to not us but who?
God
Lost Sheep
God cares for every one of us, we must care for all
Second Peter uses the example of the flood from Genesis to support the author's argument that
God destroyed the world once in response to evil and will do so again
Thorn in his flesh
God gave something to Paul to keep him from Arrogance. What was it?
The motif in Jude of "keeping" and "being kept" conveys what theological understanding?
God is in control of all things
John 4:24
God is spirit, and his worshipers must worship in the Spirit and in the truth
God
God is the basic assumption of the bible
What is the importance of 2 Samuel 7
God promises David an everlasting Kingship (Davidic Covenant)
Creation
God's action to make something out of nothing or to bring order from chaos
The "mystery" referred to in Ephesians concerns
God's plan to unite all people in Christ
What does Gospel Mean?
Good News, or God's News
Means "Good News"; there are 4 books of this in the NT.
Gospel
What are the 2 Methods for studying the Gospels
Gospel by Gospel Blended Narrative
Themes of Luke
Gospel of Prayer, Gospel of Women, Gospel of Praise
Four "loudspeakers of the Gospels
Gospel says Jesus fulfilled the story of Israel, not just some old prophecy (Off) Tells the story of Jesus as the story of Israel's God the creator (Loud) The story of Jesus as the story of how the church was founded (Loud) The Story of Israel and how it is linked to the challenge of Ceasar's kingdom
How are they divided?
Gospels, History, Paul's Epistles, Other Epistles, Prophecy
God's undeserved gift of salvation
Grace
Messiah
"anointed one"
Holy Spirit
"this is my beloved son; with you I am well pleased."
Theudas
(1) A first century Jewish apocalyptic prophet (mentioned by Josephus) who predicted the parting of the Jordan River and, evidently, the reconquest of the Promised Land by the chosen people (2) An early Gnostic Christian, allegedly the disciple of Paul and the teacher of Valntinus
Testament
(1) a written account of a covenant-- it is in this sense that parts of the Bible are called the Old Testament and New Testament; (2) a genre of literature that provides a fictitious but pious account of a famous person's dying words, presented in a manner pertinent to present circumstances
Gospel
(1) early Christian preaching or (2) written life of Jesus
Pentecost
(Judaism) Jewish holy day celebrated on the sixth of Sivan to celebrate Moses receiving the Ten Commandments
Passover
(Judaism) a Jewish festival (traditionally 8 days) celebrating the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt
Tabernacle
(Judaism) a portable sanctuary in which the Jews carried the Ark of the Covenant on their exodus
Temple
(Judaism) the place of worship for a Jewish congregation
Beelzebub
(Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God
Joseph
(New Testament) husband of Mary and (in Christian belief) the foster father of Jesus
Why is Resurrection important
- Death came through a human, so life (resurrection) comes through a human. - Resurrection is a basis for Christian morality - Without resurrection, Christianity is in vain!
Define resurrection (3)
-Life after "Life after death" -Reversal/Defeat of death -Restoration of Body to life
Explain the eschatological problems in Thessalonica and Paul's response to them. How are they the same and/or different in 1 and 2nd Thessalonians? How does eschatology affect ethics for the Thessalonians, for Paul, and for us today?
...
Dates of 1 & 2 Corinthians
1 Cor. = 54-55 AD 2 Cor. = 55-57 AD
paul's most complete teaching on the resurrection
1 Corinithians 15
Paul's great definition of love
1 Corinthians 13
What were the Pastoral Epistles?
1 Timothy and Titus
Pastoral Epistles
1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus
The 3 Pastoral epistles
1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus
What did the Jerusalem council decide about the requirements of the Gentiles?
1) Abstain from the things polluted by idols 2) Abstain from sexual immorality 3) Abstain from what has been strangled 4) Abstain from blood
What was Paul's advice to the Corinthians on Head Coverings?
1) Act or Worship according to your gender -Men uncovered, women covered.
What was the Oral law? (2)
1) Fence around the law 2) Pastoral
What was the purpose of Romans
1) Financial backing for mission to Spain 2) Treat division between Jews and Gentiles
In James, what is true about God?
1) God heals the sick and forgives sins 2) God favors the poor and oppressed 3) God answers the prayers of the righteous
What were Jesus 7 sayings from the cross?
1) It is Finished (John) 2) This is your mother, this is your son (John) 3) I'm thirsty (John) 4) My God, My God why have you forsaken me (Mark, Matt.) 5) Father forgive them, they don't know what they're doing (Luke) 6) Today you'll be with me in paradise (Luke) 7) Father, into your hands I commit my spirit (Luke)
Why did Paul persecute Christians? (4)
1) Lax view to the law 2) Critical of the temple 3) Accepted Gentiles without circumcision 4) Claimed Jesus as Messiah and Lord
Purpose of Prophecy (2)
1) Learning 2) Encouragement
What are the 4 sources for the study of Paul?
1) Letters of Undisputed Authorship -Romans, Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, Philemon 2) Acts 3) Other Works like 2nd Peter and the Apostolic Fathers 4) Letters of Disputed Authorship -Ephesians, Colosians, 2 Thessalonians, and Titus
Part of the reason the Corinthians are upset with Paul, prompting him to write 2 Corinthians, is
1) Paul changed his travel plans regarding when he would visit Corinth and Paul had a painful visit with them and wrote them a tearful letter that he regretted.
5 types of authorship that impact our understanding of Pauline Literature
1) Paul holding the pen 2) Paul dictating his thoughts to a scribe (Amaneusis) 3) Paul co-writing 4) A collegue composing 5) A disciple or admirer writing what he thought was faithful to Paul's teaching
What are the 3 things that occur in Acts 1:8?
1) Promise - Baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire 2) Q&A - Restore the Kingdom of Israel 3) Promise - Spirit - Acts is worldwide while Luke was Israel focused
What were the views of crucifixion in the Ancient World? (4)
1) Supreme form of Suffering preceded by severe punishment 2) Supreme form of humiliation through public nudity 3) Supreme show of Rome's power which is usually reserved for slaves and foreigners 4) Jews viewed it as a curse from God
Pauls epistles were written in this structure
1-2-3-4-3
The only event of Jesus' childhood that is recorded occurred when he was how many years old?
12
How many times does Eternal occur in the other Gospels?
12 times
significance of the Hasmonean Period
167-63 BCE; Maccabean revolt against Antiochus IV Epiphanes "God's Manifest"
When was the new impetus to Synoptic study given thy Griesbach's work on the Gospels published?
1776
Revelations and 2 Peter end with the promise of two new things... What are they?
2 Peter 3:11-13 and Revelation 21:1 A New Heaven and A New Earth
What is the significance of Jesus' title as the Son of God?
2 Sam. 7: 1) Baptism 2) Transfiguration
Period which apocalyptic literature was common
200 BC - AD 100
What is the length of the Gospel John?
21 Chapters, and is one of the longest books in the New Testament
Epistles
21 Letters in New Testament
How many documents were accepted in the Muratorian canon
24 documents
Combined with Luke's Gospel, the Book of Acts make up over WHAT percent of the New Testament?
25
About what percentage of people were slaves in the first-century Mediterranean world?
25-35
How many books are in the NT
27
How many books are there in the New Testament?
27
Augustus
27 BC - AD 14
penecosts in ACTS
2; jews 8; samartians 10; gentiles
In what missionary journey was the church of Corinth founded?
2nd
Background of the Son of God in Judaism
2nd Sam. 7; Son of God will reign over Jerusalem forever....Jesus is the fulfillment of David's everlasting Kingship
Number of missionary journeys did Paul made
3
The Gospel of John covers a period of when to when years in the life of Christ?
3
How many times does Eternal occur in the Gospel John?
35 times
When was Athanaius Festal Letter written
367 CE
At a minimum, how many letters did Paul write to the Corinthians?
4
Provide a division outline of the NT by Genre
4 Gospels 1 Acts 13 Pauline Epistles 8 General Epistles 1 Revelation
27 Books of the New Testament
4 Gospels, acts of the apostles, 9 letters from Paul to the churches, 4 letters from Paul to specific people, Hebrews, 7 letters by other people ("catholic letters"), Revelation Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts, Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude, Revelation
What happens between the Old Testament and the New Testament?
400 years of Silence from God, No Prophets, No words from God
What percentage of material is unique to Luke's Gospel
50
What was the date of the Second Temple Period
515 B.C. - 70 C.E.
Solomon's Temple Destroyed
587 BC
From when to when did Jesus live?
6 B.C. to 30 A.D.
what year was the perescution of Nero?
64
How many miracles did John put in the Bible, and how many actually took place? How did he choose?
7 in John, and at least 40 totally, he picked the best that showed who Jesus was
The Jesus Seminar concluded that out of all the words attributed to Jesus, WHAT percent were not spoken by him?
82
How can you divide the 13 Pauline epistles
9-Church 4-Individuals
What percentage of John's Gospel is unique
90
% of Gospel of John not found in Synoptics
92%
Phoebe
A Christian woman mentioned in Romans as a "servant" or "deacon" depending on the translation.
Theudas
A Jewish rebel who had 400 followers. They all were crushed.
Philo
A Jewish scribe who lived in Alexandria
Pharisees
A Jewish sect, which may have originated during the Maccabean period, that emphaisized strict adherence to the purity laws set forth in the Torah (See also Mishnah)
Cornelius
A Roman centurion who is considered by Christians to be the first Gentile to convert to the faith.
What is the overall theme of the New Testament?
A fulfillment of the Old Testament
Ebionites
A group of second-century adoptionists who maintained Jewish practices and Jewish forms of worship
Gentile
A jewish designation for a non-jew
thematic method
A method used to study a literary text by isolating its leading ideas, or themes, and exploring them, seeing how they are developed in the text, as to understand teh author's overarching emphases
Marcion
A second-century Christian scholar and evangelist, later labeled as a heretic for his docetic Christology and his belief in Two Gods - the harsh legalistic God of the Jews and the merciful loving God of Jesus - views that he claimed to have found in the writings of Paul
How do miracles relate to the kingdom of God
A sign of God's inbreaking into the world....God is doing something in the world
Caesarea Philippi
A town near the source of the Jordan, at the foot of Mount Hermon, rebuilt and enlarged by Philip (tetrach of Trachonitis). The northernmost point of Jesus' journeyings, scene of Peter's testimony of the Lord's Messiahship and divine Sonship.
Tiberius
AD 14 - AD 37
Caligula
AD 37 - AD 41
Who is the father of all believers, whether Jew or Gentile
Abraham
Hagar
Abraham's slave. She has a son with him because Sarah could not. The son is Ishmael
The foundation of the gospel Paul preached was the WHAT covenant?
Abrahamic
What did Athanaius Festal Letter do?
Accepted 27 documents
Quirinius
According to Luke, Jesus was born while he was governor of Syria, during a world-wide census.
The Pastoral Letters are so named because they are
Addressed to individuals who oversee a set of churches
Who did Jesus appear to after his resurrection?
After the Resurrection on the first Easter, Jesus appeared to Mary Magdalene, the other women, two followers on the road to Emmaus, Peter, and the apostles who were assembled in Jerusalem
Who was the person who served a a reminder of God's provision for his people's needs?
Agabus
332 BC
Alexander the Great conquer Persia; spread of Hellenism
323 BC
Alexander the Great dies
Pauline Corpus
All of the letters of the New Testament that claim to be written by Paul, including the Deutero-Pauline and Pastoral Epistles
Alexander
An Ephesian who was an early Christian, one of at two heretical teachers at Ephesus—the other being Hymenaeus—against whom Paul warns Timothy.
Allegory
An extended metaphor in story form. E.g. John 10 - The Good Shepherd
What is the Genre of Revelation
Apocalypse
Literature of oppression; message of hope to the faithful
Apocalyptic
Three different genres in Revelation
Apocalyptic, Epistolary, Prophetic
Old Testament books of disputed canonical status are called the
Apocrypha
4 BC - AD 6
Archelaus
Second Generation Herods
Archelaus, Philip, Antipas
Theme of 2 Corinthians
Aroma of Chirst- way to glory is the way of the cross
Mark portrays Jesus as what?
As a servant
How did other Gentiles view the newly converted Christians in Macedonia?
As irreligious and unpatriotic
Luke portrays Jesus as what?
As man
John Mark
Associate of the Apostles and Spokesperson for Peter
Atonement
At one with God
Until the Enlightenment, the general approach to the Gospels was based on the view of who?
Augustine
Event that started Jesus' ministry
Baptism
Paul interprets this ritual as the believer's participation in Christ's death, burial, and resurrection.
Baptism
He was released from prison instead of Jesus
Barabbas
Theme of Revelation
Be faithful/ready
Sayings about blessedness that open the Sermon on the Mount
Beatitudes
Statements of divine blessing offered by Jesus in Matthew 5 have a particular name
Beatitudes
Martin Kahler described Mark's Gospel as "a passion narrative with an extended introduction" Why?
Because Jesus' suffering and dying are central in Mark
Why do most scholars think Luke ends Acts in the ways he does - without narrating Paul's death or the destruction of Jerusalem
Because he fulfilled his goal of tracing the progress of the Gospel from Jerusalem to Rome
What did He do
Begin the build the Kingdom
Where was Jesus baptized by John the Baptist? (on the east side of the Jordan river)
Bethany beyond the Jordan
Jesus's birth place
Bethlehem
Town where Jesus was born
Bethlehem
When was the Gospel John written?
Between 80 and 90 AD
In the ancient world, what kind of writing portrayed the essential character of a person so that people would want to emulate that person?
Biographies
Polycarp
Bishop of Smyma in the first half of the second century, and one of the best known of the early-proto-orthodox leaders. In addition to a letter written to him by Ignatius we have a letter written by him to the church of Philippi, and an allegedly eyewitness account of his martyrdom in the arena of Smyma around 155ce
First Timothy offers guidelines and qualifications for how to choose
Bishops and Deacons
Religious crime of which Jesus was found guilty
Blasphemy
Ark of the Covenant
Box that was said to contain the ten commandments
The outward and visible signs in the Eucharist. Jesus said they were his body and blood
Bread and Wine
Jesus was said to be "the presupposition of New Testament theology" by who?
Bultmann
How did Jesus fulfill and redesign the role of the Son of God?
By Baptizing and Forgiving sins
How did Jesus fulfill and redesign the role of the Messiah
By showing his divine kingship through his healings and exorcisms
It was necessary for his safety to move the imprisoned Paul to where?
Caesarea
Lunar Calendar
Calendar used by Jews
AD 37 - 41
Caligula
Purim
Celebration commemorating the reading of Esther in the synagogue
Passover
Celebration symbolizing the Jews' deliverance from Egypt
Theme of Titus
Character of the church
According to many Christians and scholars, who is James' target audience?
Christians living outside of Palestine
Who was the first known martyr?
Christians were persecuted and Stephen was the first known martyr
Tarsus
City in southeast Asia Minor (modern Turkey) that, according to Acts, was home to the Apostle Paul. The city was known as one of the great philosophical centers in the Roman empire, leading some scholars to suspect that Luke located Paul there in order to further his credentials (Paul never mentions his hometown in his letters)
Pantheon
Collection of gods in a certain mythology
What is the central emphasis of Colossians?
Greatness in God's kingdom comes through being lowly.
While Latin was the native language of Romans. the language of culture and commerce was WHAT?
Greek
Alexander the Great
Greek Leader of Hellenism
Athens
Greek city home to many philosophers
Hellenism
Greek culture under Roman rule
Diaspora
Greek for "dispersion", a term that refers to the dispersion of Jews away from Palestine into other parts of the mediterranean, beginning with the Babylonian conquests in the sixth century bce
Septuagint
Greek translation of the Old Testament
Pharisees
Group within Judaism which concerned themselves with being separate, pure, and following the law
The Holy Spirit gave the early Christians Power, Understanding, and ________.
Guidance
maccabean revolt led to
Hanukkah, dec 167 annnnd it had 103 years of Sovereign Jewish rule
What is a Shammai Pharisee
Hard-Line (Militant right-wingers) -Paul
Theme of Philippians
Have the mind of Christ
Paul counsels Euodia and Syntyche to
Have the same mind in Christ
What three things are true of the author of Acts
He also wrote the Gospel of Luke He was likely a disciple or companion of Paul He did not identify himself
According to Acts, Paul has a very difficult time in Ephesus and makes many enemies there. What does Paul do that disturbs the Ephesians?
He denounced idolatry, interrupting the buying and selling of idols
Philip
He introduced Nathaniel to Jesus, and was from the same town as Andrew and Peter.
Moses
He led the hebrews from slavery in Egypt into freedom. God revealed himself to him as Yahweh.
Aquila
He lived, worked, and traveled with the Apostle Paul, along with his wife, Priscilla.
What does John never do?
He never calls himself by name
Herod Archelaus
He quelled with the utmost cruelty a sedition of the Pharisees, slaying nearly three thousand of them. In Rome he was opposed by many of the Jews, who feared his cruelty, but he was shortly dethroned by the Romans. It was because of his rule that Joseph relocated his family to Nazareth.
Who did Paul set out on a second missionary journey with?
He set out with Silas,Timothy joined him later at Lystra, and Luke joined them at Troas
Ananias of Judea
He sold a piece of land and lied about the income gained to the church while giving his offering. He was struck dead on the spot. (Married to Sapphira)
Daniel 7 was a _______ portrayal of the kingdom of God
Heavenly, transcendent, everlasting, universalistic
Messiah
Hebrew for "anointed." This is used in reference to Jesus because he accomplished perfectly the divine mission of priest, prophet, and king, signified by his being anointed as Christ.
Rabbi
Hebrew for "teacher"
Akidah
Hebrew word meaning binding; can be physical as in a binding of love
Berith
Hebrew word that means contract of the heart. We are meant to have this relationship with God and one another
The "Faith" Chapters of OT characters
Hebrews 11
How does Hebrews illustrate faith?
Hebrews illutrates faith by going through and naming all the great people who have persevered in their faith.
General Epistles
Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude
Discuss the situation addressed by the letter to the Colossians. What is the apparant nature of the Colossian heresy, and how does the letter address that situation?
Heresy - Spirit Matter Dualism Situation being adressed is some type of false teaching. The letter addresses it by saying God affirms the fulness of creation in the incarnation to the point of death. I share in Christ by becoming lowly.
What is hermeneutics?
Hermeneutics is the theory and practice of interpretation
King of the Jews when Jesus was born
Herod
Acts 12
Herod Agrippa I
Third Generation Herod
Herod Agrippa I
Acts 25-26
Herod Agrippa II
scribes, Jewish
Highly educated experts in Jewish Law (and possibly its copyists) during the Greco-Roman period
Josephus
Historian who recorded lots of Jewish history
Bethany
Home of Lazarus, Martha and Mary
Penates
Household deities commonly worshiped throughout the Roman world, thought to protect the pantry and foodstuffs in the home
Lares
Household deities commonly worshipped in homes throughout the Roman world, thought to protect the home and its inhabitants, and often identified with the spirits of the family's ancestors
theme of John
I AM the word of the father
John 6:35
I am the bread of life
Apollos
In chapter 1 of 2nd Corinthians, Paul mentions two of his colleagues.
The Good Samaritan
In response to a lawyers question to "Who is my neighbor?", Jesus answers with what parable?
Zadok
Instrumental Jew involved with bringing King Solomon to the throne
Gamaliel
Is celebrated as a Pharisee doctor of Jewish Law, who was the teacher of Paul- a man of great respect.
How does the book of Hebrews define faith?
It is the confidence in what we hope for and the assurance of thos things unseen.
Who was the German scholar who's work began the new approach to the Gospels?
J.J. Griesbach
Rachel
Jacob's second wife after Leah.
Joseph and Benjamin
Jacob's sons with Rachel
Who was the first of the twelve disciples to die for his faith?
James (brother of John)
Who were the two famous half-brothers of Jesus in the NT?
James and Jude
Different men named James
James, the half brother of Jesus; James, son of Alphenus; James the less
City of David, Jesus and his friends went there to celebrate Passover, Jesus entered the city in triumph
Jerusalem
Savior
Jesus
Jerusalem and the Temple
Jesus foretells the destruction of two places that would have surprised any first century Jew. What are the two places?
Scribes and Pharisees
Jesus gives severe words of warning and judgement to a group of people. Who are they?
Station 2
Jesus is betrayed by Judas and arrested (Matthew 26:47-51)
How did Jesus train his followers?
Jesus trained his followers for the future by setting an example for them, by gathering disciples with twelve apostles to lead them, by sending them on preaching missions to gain experience, by sending them out with his own power, and by teaching them thing they needed to know.
What titles did Jesus use or accepted?
Jesus used and/or accepted the titles of Teacher, Rabbi, Son of David, and Son of Man
7 signs
John
Beloved Disciple (Lazurus)
John
Christ is the Sent one
John
Christology- revelation of Christ
John
Either independent or the Perrin Theory (link Matt's redaction of Mark to ____ and prove ____ used Matt
John
Gospel that is most symbolic, metaphorical, philosophical
John
I AM
John
He said, "One is coming after me who is greater than I am. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit."
John the Baptist
The Johanine Jesus differs from the other Gospel presentations of Jesus in that
John uses multiple metaphors
Who where the three men who were most prominent in the rise and growth of the early church?
John, Peter, and Paul
Who wrote the gospel of John, when and where was it written?
John, the son of Zebedee, wrote the Gospel of John in the A.D. 90s in Ephesus
What did John author
John; 1/2/3 John; Revelation
Jesus's place where he was baptized
Jordan River
Mary's husband
Joseph
Besides the New Testament, what were other ancient sources that Jesus included?
Josephus, Suetonius, Tacitus, and Talmud
He betrayed Jesus for 30 pieces of silver
Judas
Second Peter borrows from what other New Testament writing?
Jude
Famous benedictions by Jesus' brother
Jude 24-25
When Jesus restores believers to a right relationship with God, this is called
Justification
Theme of Romans
Justification by faith alone through grace alone
Matthew portrays Jesus as what?
King
Most of Jesus' teaching was about this idea, a world ruled by God
Kingdom of God
What is the language of the NT
Koine Greek or common Greek
Who was pauls main traveling partner
LUKE
Roman Numeral for Septuagint
LXX
Aramaic
Language in which the Hebraists spoke
Sadducees
Large Jewish sect which supported Hellenization and political submittance
Define Interpolation
Later Scribal insertion
What is a Hillel Pharisee
Lenient (live and Let live) -Gamaliel
N. T. Wright asks "Why did Jesus _____"
Live
To the extent that Revelation is prophecy, it should be read as a communication intended primarily for people
Living at the time when it was written
Jesus said all the law could be summed up in this one word
Love
Theme of 1 Corinthians
Love is the greatest gift of the church
History
Luke
Magnificant, Benediction
Luke
When was Mount Gerzim destroyed?
Maccabean Revolution
70 AD
Mark
nearly half of ____ is the last week of Jesus life
Mark
Jesus' mother
Mary
Gospel that contains parallels with Moses story; emphasizes the kingship of the baby
Matthew
Sermon on the Mount
Matthew 5;1-12. Jesus preached. He told everyone about what they should do.
What does the Griesbach Hypthesis suggest about the relationship between the synoptic gospels
Matthew first Luke Uses Matthew Mark Uses Luke and Matthew
Gospel
Means good news
Ger
Means sojourner (traveler) or resident alien
Priest
Mediator between God and Man
The book of Acts makes extensive reference to the geography of WHAT region, mentioning over thirty countries and fifty towns and cities.
Mediterranean
Hebrews 7 claims that Jesus is a priest in the order of
Melchizedek
Joseph of Arimathaea
Member of the Sanhedrin, a rich and faithful Israelite who took no part in the condemnation of Christ. Christ's body was buried in his tomb (at his request).
Angels
Messengers of God
Ten Jewish men
Minyan; group of Jewish men needed to perform certain religious obligations
If 2 Thessalonians is pseudopigraphical, then it becomes
More difficult to date
Mary
Mother of Jesus. While she was still a virgin, the angel Gabriel told her that she would give birth to a son.
Simon Magus
Mysterious figure first named in Acts 8 (Called there simply Simon) who was able to perform magical deeds (hence the sobriquet Magus) and who was thought to be in competition with the apostles for followers. Later Christians insisted that Simon Magus tried to wrest converts from the apostles by doing magical deeds to convince them of his own power. One later noncanonical text, the Acts of Peter, narrates a series of miracle-working contests between Peter and Simon Magus (Peter, of course, wins). Startng in the second century, Christian heresy-hunters claimed that Simon Magus was the first Gnostic
Mark has jesus public ministry
NO mention of Geneology, just Jesus Christ, son of God
bread of life light of the world Good shepherd the Door Bread of life
Name 5 things that Jesus calls himself throughout John 1-12.
Scapegoat
Name of the animal released on the Day of Atonement
Mary Magdalene
Name one of the three woman that find the empty tomb toward the end of mark.
Preach the Gospel Heal diseases Cast out demons
Name the three things that Jesus fits his disciples to do when he sends them out in Luke 9.
Mary and Martha
Name the two sisters that minister to Jesus.
Joseph and Nicodemus
Name the two wealthy Jewish men that collected Jesus' body and buried him.
Who was Epaphras?
Native of Colossae, church planter, pastor of the Colossians church
After the death of Herod the Great where did Jesus's parents take him and where did he grow up?
Nazareth
Jesus' home town; where he grew up
Nazareth
The parable of the Good Samaritan answered the question, "Who is my _____?"
Neighbor
Pastoral Epistles
New Testament letters that Paul allegedly wrote to two pastors, Timothy (1 and 2 Timothy) and Titus, concerning their pastoral duties.
Explian O-I-A the "inductive Bible study method"
O-Observation: see the text-who, what, where and when? I-Interpretaion: search the text-ask questions, and make connections. (Then and There) A-Application: surrender to the word. Apply. (Here and Now)
Hebrews demonstrating Jesus as superior to Levitical priesthood
OT priests are subject to weakness
All the references that emphasize that Jesus is the embodiment of transcendent divine attributes have roots in the WHAT?
Old Testament
Dominant source of Revelation
Old Testament
Peter
One of Jesus' disciples, who became the leader of the Twelve and of the Church. Named Simon, Jesus gave him the name Peter which means "Rock."
James the son of Zebedee
One of the "Sons of Thunder" who witnessed the Acension. "_ the greater."
Who is John
One of the 3 beloved disciples (Sons of Thunder)
Philip
One of the Seven Deacons who had the gift of prophecy, and was the man who converted the Ethiopian eunuch.
Justin Martyr
One of the earliest "Apologists," Justin lived in Rome in the Mid-second century
Sepphoris
One of the two major Greek cities in Galilee, just four miles from Jesus' hometown of Nazareth. Scholars debate whether Jesus was influenced by the culture of Sephhoris or if, indeed, he ever went there.
Judicial Model
One of the two principal ways that Paul understood or conceptualized the relationship between Christ's death and salvation. According to this model, salvation is comparable to a legal decision, in which God, who sboth lawmaker and judge, treats humans as "not guilty" for committing acts of transgression (sins) against his law - even though they are guilty - because Jesus' death has been accepted as a payment. See also Participationist model
Salome
One of the women present at the crucifixion and one who went to the tomb. Possibly the wife of Zebedee.
Joanna
One of the women recorded in Luke as accompanying Jesus and the twelve. She was the wife of Herod's steward, and provided for Jesus' needs, and went to see His tomb.
Holiday celebrating Jesus triumphal entry into the city of Jerusalem
Palm Sunday
Short metaphorical story told to make a point
Parable
The Greek word refers to the second coming of Christ
Parousia
Holy Place
Part of the temple in which the priests perform their daily duties
Holiday remembering the Exodus; Jesus went to Jerusalem to celebrate it
Passover
Second Timothy presumes what about Paul's circumstances?
Paul is in Rome, awaiting execution
Gentiles
Paul notes that he is the minister to the _______.
The disciples were never the same after WHAT?
Pentecost
Priest
Person who led worship services
Theme of 3 John
Personal letter to Gaius: Letter of Recommendation
Jesus argued with what group over ritual hand-washing
Pharisees
Luke's profession
Physician
Hebrews presents Christians as a people on a journey and expresses this idea in the
Pilgrimage motif
Bethabara
Place where Christ was baptized by John
In Acts the church is growing in all respects except
Politically
63 BC
Pompey invades Judea
Roman official who sentenced Jesus to be crucified.
Pontius Pilate
What are the We passages in Acts
Portions where the narrator speaks in the first-person plural "we", as if he and Paul were on mission together
Prophet
Predicts the Future, fulfills Old Testament Prophesies
Church as a war college
Prepare followers to occupy enemy territory and advance the Kingdom of God
What purpose does John's preaching serve?
Preparing the Jews for repentance and Christ's coming as the fulfillment of God's promises
Act 1
Proclaiming the Kingdom in word and deed
Parable about a wasteful son who is forgiven when he returns home
Prodigal Son
Agabus
Prophet who tied up his hands and feet with Paul's belt to predict the arrests of Paul
Stephen
Prophet who was stoned by Saul; first martyr
What is contained in the Body of ancient letters?
Purpose the author is writing
In Matthew, Jesus appears most often as a _____
Rabbi
Teacher
Rabbi
516 BC
Rebuilding of the temple
Publius
Received Paul during his shipwreck on the island, where Paul healed his father of dysentery.
What does redaction criticism focus on?
Redaction criticism focuses on the writers in their own right.
164 BC
Rededication of the temple under Judas Maccabeus
Memoria
Reflecting on an experience to find meaning
Cynics
Rejected all pretense and formalism
Mystery Religions
Religions in which the details are reserved for the initiated
Ascetics
Renouncers of food, luxury, sex, or comfort for spiritual purpose
The most important story in the New Testament
Resurrection
Apocalyptic Literature
Revelation
What are the books in the Prophecy section?
Revelation
Last book in the New Testament
Revelation (to John)
Trajan
Roman Emperor from 98 to 117 C.E., known, in part, through his correspondence with Pliny the Younger
Ptolemies
Ruled Egypt
Seleucids
Ruled Syria
Seleucids
Ruled Syria and Palestine second
Herod (the Great)
Ruler of all of Galilee, Samaria, and Judea (and so, "King of the Jews") from 40 to 4 b.c.e.; this Herod was allegedly ruling when Jesus was born, and is known in Christian history for killing all the baby boys of Bethlehem in an attempt to destroy the infant Jesus (based on the account of Matthew)
Herod the Great
Ruler of all of Galilee, Samaria, and Judea (and so, King of the Jews) from 40 to 4 bce; this Herod was allegedly ruling when Jesus was born, and is known in Christian history for killing all the baby boys of Bethlehem in an attempt to destroy the infant Jesus (based on the account in Matthew)
Define Canon
Ruler or measuring stick
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Ruler who was overthrow by Maccabean Revolt
Ptolemies
Rules Egypt and Palestine first
Theme of Acts
SPIRIT in the CHURCH in the world
Day of rest and worship
Sabbath
Luke portrays ______ as "the quality of life that God enables people to have in the present."
Salvation
Jesus spoke to a ___ woman at a well and offered her living water Jesus told a story about a good ___
Samaritan
Jesus told a surprising story about a good ___
Samaritan
Mount Gerizim was a ______.
Samaritan affiliated mountain
What is the importance of the "dual-conversion" in Acts
Samaritans to Christianity and the Apostles convert their views of Samaritans to further emphasize the inclusion of all the world
Paul uses the story of two women who stand for two covenants in Galatians. Who are these two women?
Sarah and Hagar
Persecuted People of the Way until he was converted
Saul
What was Paul called before his conversion?
Saul
Who was the man who persecuted Stephen who later became one of the greatest advocates of Christ?
Saul or Paul
What did Schweitzer point out?
Schweitzer pointed out that most nineteenth-century scholars seeking to find the historical Jesus removed Jesus from his place in history and placed him in their own historical period
The time in Jewish history between the return from the babylonian exile and the destruction of the Jerusalem temple is called
Second Temple Judaism
Herod Antipas
Second son of King Herod, order the death of John the Baptist. Saw Jesus but never heard him speak
Melito of Sardis
Second-century Christian leader from Asia Minor, whose eloquent Easter sermon on the Old Testament story of Exodus cast vitriolic aspersions on the Jews
Valentius
Second-century Gnostic Christian who traced his intellectual lineage through the teacher Theudas back to the apostle Paul
Collection of Jesus' sayings on the subject of discipleship.
Sermon on the Mount
Feast of Unleavened Bread
Seven day celebration symbolizing the Jew's preparing to escape Egypt
Sapphira
She agreed with her husband to sell their land, but withhold a portion of the sales, having decided that they did not wish to give it all to the common purse. She died because of her lie.
Salome
She danced before Herod and her mother Herodias at the occasion of his birthday, and in doing so gave her mother the opportunity to obtain the head of John the Baptist.
Cult
Shortened form of Cultues Deorum, a Latin phrase that literally means "care of the gods" generally used of any set of religious practices of worship. In pagan religions, these normally involved acts of sacrifice and prayer.
Mark Gospel
Shortest one. Does not have an nativity story. Written in 70's C.E.
Simile
Similar to a metaphor, but uses "like" or "as" to make comparison. E.g. "The kingdom of heaven is like unto a treasure hidden in a field."
Who was the man who offered John and Peter money for sharing their apostolic powers with him?
Simon the sorcerer
Onesiums
Slave who fled from Philemon to seek Paul's assistance. Became a Christian
Background of Messiah in Judaism
Someone who is anointed for a specific purpose
What was Jesus' favorite self-designation?
Son of Man
Define interlocutor
Speaks for other people to show potential objection
What is the situation addressed in 1 John?
Spirit Matter Dualism and the denial of material universe and immorality
It led the Magi to the Christ Child.
Star
First Christian martyr
Stephen
Low point of Paul's ministry
Stoned by irate mob; dragged out of city; left to die
Soteriology
Study of Salvation
Problems with authorship of the Pastorals
Stylistic differences, including grammar and vocabulary. Also seem to reflect movements of Paul that don't match up to what Acts says about his life.
Where did Paul usally begin his ministry in a new city?
Synagogue
The set of problems that involve the relationship of the first three Gospels is known as the WHAT?
Synoptic Problem
The woman who was raised from the dead by Peter was named WHAT which means WHAT?
Tabitha, gazelle
Parable
Technically an extended simile
Lukan Prologue
Tells us the Gospels are inspired accounts that are a product of careful historical research
Where Jesus and his friends worshiped; Jesus overturned the tables of merchants there
Temple
Sadduccees
Temple priests
Why do scholars think that Paul's arguments in 2 Corinthians won out against the other apostles' in the long run?
The Corinthians eventually welcomed Paul back, as he wrote Romans from Corinth and The Corinthians preserved and copied Paul's letters
How did He do it
The Cross
What is the emphasis of John?
The Deity of Jesus
Sergius Paulus
The Proconsul of Cyprus under Claudius when Paul, accompanied by Barnabas and John Mark, overcame the attempts of Bar-Jesus converted Sergius to Christianity.
What was the dominant military and political power of the first century world?
The Roman Empire
Andrew the Apostle
The brother of Peter and the said founder of the church at Byzantium.
Ananias of Damascus
The individual who laid hands on Paul after he had been blinded by seeing Jesus.
Holy of Holies
The innermost part of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, which was completely empty, but in which God's presence on earth was believed to dwell. No one could enter this room except the High Pries on the Day of Atonement, to make a sacrifice for the sins of the people
John portrays Jesus as what?
The king is the Son of God
What is the issue in Corinthians with the Lord's Supper?
The rich are coming earlier than the poor so they can get all the food and drink. The poor are coming later and getting slim pickings.
How to gain eternal life
The rich man asked Jesus
Test him
The scribe was questioning Jesus to
Tiberius
The second Roman emperor, succeeding Caesar Augustus, and ruling 14-37 c.e./ It was under his rule that Jesus was crucified by Pontius Pilate
Hyperbole
The use of exaggeration to emphasize a point
Docetist
The view that Jesus was not a human being but only appeared to be, from a Greek word meaning "to seem" or "to appear"
Adoptionism
The view that Jesus was not divine, but a flesh-and-blood human being who had been adopted at baptism to be God's son
Theologiea Gloriae
The way of glory, generosity and grace
What are the first 3 Gospels?
They are synoptic Gospels, and portray Jesus as a Historical Figure
Eutychus
They guy who fell out of a window while Paul preached, after falling asleep, and was then raised from the dead by Paul.
Matthew and Luke both used who for writing?
They used mark
Samaritans
Those Jews who stayed in the land of Israel during the Babylonian Exile (they therefore began to intermarry with the local populations). They claim to be the true preservers of the Jewish faith.
Scribes
Those who could transcribe Torah scrolls and other religious writings.
100 BC - 100 AD
Time range of the Dead Sea Scrolls
AD 79 - 81
Titus
How does Titus assist Paul in Corinth?
Titus successfully reconciled Paul and the Corinthians
Paul's main reason for writing the second letter to the Thessalonians is
To address a rumor that the day of the Lord has arrived
What is most likely the purpose of the secrecy motif in Mark?
To ensure that any identification of Jesus' identity took into account his suffering and crucifixion
Luke wrote Acts to (3)
To present a long-term theology of mission that awaited a distant second coming of Christ (1) To stave off persecution by showing that Christians were politically innocent (2) To explain how a predominantly Gentile Christianity could inherit God's promises to Israel. (3)
Chaphes
To take joy or delight
??
To whom did Philip appear and clearly explain the gospel?
Pharisees
Torah teachers, scholars, rabbis
Cana
Town where jesus performed his first miracle (Water to Wine)
Timothy
Traveled with Paul, who was also his mentor. He is addressed as the recipient of the two epistles, and is referred to as Paul's "son."
What is James's advice to people in the church when a rich person enters the sanctuary?
Treat rich and poor people equally
Simon the Sorcerer
Tried to offer money to the Apostles in exchange for miraculous abilities, specifically the power of laying on of hands.
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Tried to stamp out Judaism, ruled Syria 175-163 BC
Ephesians 1:3-14 is one sentence in the Greek text.
True
Inner circle of disciples (how many?)
Twelve
Herod
Under what ruler did John the Baptist die?
Where was the new commandment presented in First John, first heard/learned this with Jesus?
Upper Room Discourse: John 13:34
AD 69 - 79
Vespasian
Simeon
Visited by the Holy Spirit and told that he would not die until he had seen the Lord's Christ. He prophetised over Jesus at the temple.
Define Merkabah Mystecism
Wanting spiritual experiences like Elijah
Nicodemus (ben Gurion)
Was a wealthy Jew who lived in Jerusalem, thought to be the same man mentioned in John (a Pharisee and a member of the Sanhedrin, who showed favor to Jesus).
Ananias (Good)
Was sent to the house of Judas where Saul (Paul) was to remove the scales from his eyes
Stephen
Was tried by the Sanhedrin for blasphemy against Moses and God, the first martyr.
Silas
Went on 2nd and 3rd Missionary Journeys with Paul
Barnabas
Went on Paul's 1st Missionary Journey; Got into argument over John Mark; ending up splitting with Paul
Jerusalem
What city does Jesus enter to die?
Suffer, be killed, and be raised on the third day
What did Jesus tell his disciples he must do after entering Jerusalem?
The Glorified Jesus??
What did Saul of Tarsus see that knocked him to the ground?
Peter and John
What disciples approach the Jewish council?
End of the World
What does the harvest symbolize in the parable of the tares of the field?
Love one another
What is the "new commandment" that Jesus gave in John?
ancient biography
What is the genre of "Gospel"?
Fisherman
What was Simon and Andrew's occupation when Jesus calls them as disciples?
Saul
What young man stood by Stephen's stoning and held the coats of the perpetrators?
The Temple
When Mary and Joseph lost Jesus, where did they find him?
Antioch ??
When Paul states that God loves a cheerful giver, he does so after encouraging the Corinthians to give to the Christians in what city?
How can historical research be helpful to bring understanding of the Bible?
When historical research is conducted without presuppositions that rule out God's involvement, it can bring greater understanding of the Bible.
Define Amanuensis
When the author would dictate their thoughts to a scribe
Gospel
When this word is capitalized, it refers to a literary genre: a written account of the "good news" brought to you by Jesus Christ, including episodes involving his words and/or deeds
Jordan River
Where Jesus was baptized
A well
Where did Jesus speak extensively to a woman?
Samaria
Where did the woman from the well live?
A wedding
Where was Jesus when he turned water into wine?
The Temple
Where were Jesus and his parents when they met Simeon and Anna?
At Pentecost the room was filled with a mighty ___ and tongues of fire
Wind
First people to discover the empty tomb
Women
2 Peter
Written to an unidentified group of believers; Author: Peter
1 Peter
Written to believers in the Asia Minor; Author: Peter
Paul is so angry that he calls the Galatians
You Fools
Jerusalem
a Canaanite city conquered by David that became the capital and religious center of Israel
Sacrament
a formal religious act conferring a specific grace on those who receive it
IT period: sanhedrin council develops as...
a goverment within a goverment
Calvary
a hill near Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified
Paraclete
a term for the Holy Spirit used in the Gospel of John, often translated in English Bibles as "Comforter," "Counselor," "Advocate," or "Helper"
What is not in the Gospel of Mark?
a tidy and refined ending
How many times does the word believe occur in the other 3 gospels?
about 40 times
Paul appealed to who and was sent where for trial?
appealed to Caesar and was sent to Rome
Herod Philip
appointed tetrarch of the districts north and east of Galilee; governed justly; was well liked
The Gospel of Mark was written ______ (3)
around 70 CE it was written around the time of the Jewish war It was written before the Gospel of John
John used the word SIGN because
because his miracles signify that Jesus is the Son of God
how are the Beatitudes related to each other?
becoming meek--being peaceful
how are the Beatitudes related to each other?
becoming mourning--being pure
how are the Beatitudes related to each other?
becoming poor in the spirit--Being merciful
BCE
before common era
Matthew mark and luke are similar/synoptic how?
book starts with telling you about the WRITER, intention, and FOCUS GROUP.
Theme of 1 John
broad letter written to the church; Jesus was fully man
John the Beloved
brother of James, an apostle, went to the mountain when Christ was transfigured, wrote St. John, Epistles of John, and Revelations, also known as John the Revelator
How was religion in the Roman Empire characterized
by belief in the occult and in astrology
CE
common era
IT period: priesthood is increasingly corrupt
corrupt priesthood
Synoptic Problem
dealing with the overlapping material and paralleling structures, styles, perspectives, and tones found within the Synoptic Gospels
2 Corinthians
defends the idea that a true apostle will accept suffering and weakness
Reinterpretation of deity and incarnation is called WHAT?
demythologizing
Colossians
emphasizes the sufficiency of Christ in order to show how unnecessary it is to follow the deceptive ideas and traditions of other religions
John original audience was...?
empire wide later church. jewish christians
3 John
encourages believers to respond with hospitality toward faithful Christian missionaries
Jesus had a special relationship to God in that he was WHAT to God?
equal
Theme of 2 Peter
eschatology
In john, jesus says he is the (I AM..)
eternal agent of creation the light became flesh and pitched a tent among us the fullness of grace and truth Jesus
Eschatology informs your _____
ethics
Recovering the text's original meaning is called WHAT?
exegesis
original audience for Luke is?
gentiles in the days of early church spread
Jesus Seminar
group of seventy scholars, worked over six years to validate the words of Jesus and concluded that 82% of the words ascribed to Jesus were not actually spoken to him
Earthly Jesus
had his Jewish ministry and preached God's kingdom and himself, and healed
Samaritans
half bloods; Jewish + gentile
IT period: samaratians are increasingly
hated and distained
What did Paul believe about evil?
he believed that evil is real and influential but will be eternally curbed and punished by God/
i am the light of the world
healing the man born blind
i am the WAY, the truth and life
healing the officials son
i am the resurrection and life
healing the paralytic
When Paul talks about the "sound doctrine", what does he mean by "sound?" (related to the Greek word for "hygiene")
healthy
Where did Tabitha die?
in Joppa but was raised from the dead by Peter
evangelist
in New Testament studies, an author of any one of the four Gospels; Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John are the four evangelists
Herod the Great
in Roman power 37-4 BCE in Palestine; politically astute, enlarged Jerusalem Temple, initiated building programs (creating jobs, feeding people, and offending some by celebrating Greek culture)
where are the beatitudes?
in matthew-- sermon on the mount
A quiet spirit
in the light of proclaiming the Gospel, Paul notes that his and other Christians' lives are characterized by this major element. What is it?
Gentile
in this sense 'Gentile' denotes a Christian as contrasted with a Jew
The Christian doctrine that God became a human being in the person of Jesus Christ is called
incarnation
1 & 2 Timothy, Titus
instruct Christian leaders on how to help the church to function in an orderly manner as the household of God
Olivet Discourse
it is a prophecy about the destruction of the temple and the return of Jesus, it's an apocalyptic message. Message given on the Mount of Olives.
Why is the Book of John different?
it is evangelistic
theme of matthew
jesus is the messiah of isreal
Torah
law, prophets, and writings, aka Old Testament
Characteristic of a good shepherd
leads sheep. Calls them by name. Protects them
What do Paul and the Law both condemn?
legalism
For every believer, developing an appropriate hermeneutic should be a WHAT process?
lifelong
canon
literally means "rule" or "standard," but it is used by religious groups to refer to a list of books that are officially accepted as scripture
Luke has main distinction of saying jesus is..
luke says: son of Adam
Matthew Mark and luke are similar/synoptic how?
major chorological similarity. ONE trip to jerusalem, the last trip
witness means _____
martyr
The most influential religious belief in Rome was belief in the WHAT?
occult
1 John
offers tests to help believers know with assurance that they have received eternal life
Judas Iscariot
one of the twelve original disciples of Jesus. He sold out to the Romans for thirty pieces of silver. He kissed Jesus in public so the Romans would know which man was Jesus and could arrest him. The "kiss of Judas" is an act of betrayal, especially one that looks like a loving action.
What did the second missionary journey do?
opened a ministry in Europe
manuscript
original text
The favorite teaching device of Jesus was the WHAT?
parable
types of materials in the Gospels
parables, miracle stories, pronouncement stories, individual sayings, and passion and resurrection narratives
Theme of 2 John
personal letter to the elder lady of the church: Walk by faith in love; guarded against false teachings
first half of acts character focus?
peter
Luke 4:16-19
programmatic text in Luke
WHAT designates the exercise of divine rule in human affairs?
providence
Jerusalem Council
provides an important record of how an issue should be debated and settled; the result was that the authentic gospel was clearly established early in the growth of the church
effects of the Pax Romana
public building programs (aquaducts, roads for trade and military movement, and gymnasiums and spas), crime reduction on roads and seas (protects trade routes and pleases merchant class), high taxes (peasant farmers pay for public works programs), and impoverished people became slaves
The logic of redemption requires a WHAT for the release of the prisoner.
ransom
Text criticism is a method of
reconstructing early christian manuscripts
Define Spirit Matter Dualism
represents part of a cultural movement that was trying to recapture Platonic thought with an emphasis on Spirit Matter Dualism. What really matters is the unphysical world.
The key truth for daily Christian living is the WHAT -- but for Paul this truth stands in close proximity to the word of the WHAT?
resurrection, cross
An essential assumption for interpreting New Testament data is that the New Testament must be seen as divine WHAT?
revelation
The word canon literally means
ruler
Luke says that jesus is
savior of the world
IT Period: scribes are increasingly important
scribes are increasingly important
Pharisees
sect of Jews from Judea consisting of citizens of all classes; liberal and sought to study the applications of Torah to everyday life
Zealots
seek political freedom
Major problems in the Corinth church
self reliance and pride sex immorality family conduct and church turbulence diet, idolatry, personal freedom gifts,worship,body of Christ resurrection and the end times
Jesus told the rich man to
sell what he had, give it to the poor and he would have treasure in heaven
Some scholars think that Hebrews is a
sermon
Acts
shows the HS empowered Christians in the early church to live as witnesses for Jesus
What is the significance of the women at the resurrection?
shows the in-breaking of the kingdom because women were not reliable and they were the Apostles to the Apostles
Define canonization
signing out of writings for the faith and practice of a community
Synoptic means....?
similar in vision and seeing things the same way
Voltaire, Paine, and Woolston helped destroy respect for the Bible's truth in Western society by encouraging excessive WHAT?
skepticism
Eschatology
study of end times
First Commandment
summary of the Old Testament and ten commandments
In order for Jesus to be historical, WHAT did critical scholars believe that they had to rule out?
supernatural
Samaritan Woman
surprised when Jesus asked for a drink from the well
Allegory
symbolic representation. Extended metaphor
impact of Hellenism
synagogues > temple, rabbis > priests, Greek > Hebrew/Aramaic, Septuagint writings > Hebrew writings
What is the Old Testament often called?
the Shadow
themes of Matthew
the abiding presence of God, Jesus as the son of God, the teaching of Jesus, discipleship, interpretation of scripture, binding and loosing, worship and doubt, faith and understanding, hostility toward Jewish leaders
Foot Washing
the activity Jesus performed prior to the Last Supper that becomes the model for all Christian service
Why is the resurrection important?
the christian message depends on its truth
What was the foundation of the gospel Paul preached?
the covenant God made with Abraham
Stations of the Cross
the recreation of the Via Dolorosa (Way of Suffering) that walks the path around the church
Judea
the southern part of the ancient Palestine succeeding the kingdom of Judah
theme of acts
the spirit in the church in the world
Theology
the study of God
Ecclesiology
the study of the church
Explain Redaction Criticism
the study of the way in which the gospel writers redacted or edited their source material....It aims to discover the Synoptic evangelists' literary and theological agendas, and, in the process, to learn more about the communities from which they came. Redaction criticism depends on source criticism in that it assumes a source theory.
Last Supper
the traditional Passover supper of Jesus with his disciples on the eve of his crucifixion
Theologia crucis
the way of the cross, humility and suffering
What conditions did the first century produce that made the spread of Christianity possible?
there was relative peace, Greek was the common language, the development of cities, and religious syncretism
What was the Greco-Roman perception of Eunuchs?
they held high roles in government because they had no sexual temptation and were considered trustworthy
A Priori
this means "first"
the Greek word for synagogue
to gather together
the Greek word for church means
to go forth
Two factors that establish the common authorship of Acts and Luke are ancient WHAT and similar WHAT?
tradition, literary features
Sermon on the Plain
traditional name given to the teaching of Jesus found in Luke 6:20-49; it offers parallels to some of the material found in the better known Sermon on the Mount
Sermon on the Mount
traditional name given to the teaching of Jesus found in Matthew 5-7; it includes such well-known material as the Beatitudes, the Lord's Prayer, and the Golden Rule
Define Catholicity
true for all christians in all places at all times
how are the Beatitudes related to each other?
turning point, becoming a disciple--being a disicple
Acts employs a wide-ranging WHAT?
vocabulary
Galilee
"the circle" Northern Palestine in the days of Jesus. 60 miles long and 30 miles long. Jesus spent most of his life here. The area was densely populated during the time of Jesus.
Gospel of John
- Worked as a fisherman and was one of the twelve - His gospel is usually supposed to have been written last and it assumes that the readers already have the gift of the Holy Ghost - Differs in many ways from the "Synoptic Gospels" - Rich in symbolism and literary style - Not relate any parables but does present two allegories (true vine and good shepherd) - Starts with pre-existence of Jesus
I am the bread of life....
..raising lazarus from the dead
3 Epistles (first time)
1 and 2 Corinthians and Romans
Major Epistles
1 and 2 Corinthians and Romans
2 Epistles
1 and 2 Thessalonians
3 Epistles (second time)
1 and 2 Timothy and Titus
Pastoral Epistles
1 and 2 Timothy and Titus
Who was John?
1 of the 12 disciples, he was the beloved disciple, and he was the only disciple that was not killed for his beliefs
What is the significance of the 12 Disciples? What did they represent physically and symbolically?
1) 12 tribes of Israel 2) Restoration of Israel
What is Paul's instruction on Prophecy?
1) 2-3 People 2) One by One "in turn" 3) Accompanied bu others 4) Qualification
What is the relationship between Colossians and Ephesians?
1) 2/3 of Ephesians is verbally parallel to Colossians and 1/4 of Ephesians is parallel to Colossians
Paul interprets the fund-raising (or collection) he takes in Corinth as a symbol of (3)
1) A balance between poor and rich believers 2) A showing of unity among Jews and Gentiles 3) An imitation of Christ who gave his very self
What is salvation in Romans (4)
1) A central theme 2) Not just individual destinies 3) Social Terms - Jews and Greeks 4) Now "Belonging to the people of God"
Characterize Hebrews (3)
1) A person of flesh and blood 2) Learned obedience through suffering 3) Sympathizes with human weaknesses
What are the Strengths of the Griesbach Hypothesis (2)
1) Agrees with church tradition that Matthew was written first 2) No hypothetical source
Thesalonica was _____(4)
1) An ancient town in Macedonia 2) Greek city founded in 316 B.C. 3) Capitol of Macedonia in 146 BCE 4) Composed 1st of Pagan religion then of Jewish religion
Why did ladies not cover their heads (2)?
1) Ancient views of women and submission 2) Ancient views of nature -hair is not rooted in nature
Who is the man of lawlessness?
1) Anti type to Christ - Opposition to Christ 2) No modern figure can be thought of as lawlessness because of the time gap
List and briefly describe the 4 ways scholars interpret 1 Cor. 14:34-35 in an attempt to resolve this apparent contradiction
1) As a command for all women -Consistent with 14:33b -Consistent with 1 Tim 2 -Not consistent with 1 Cor. 11:5 or Romans 16 2) Adressing specific group of disorderly woman -Consistent with the context of disorderly worship -Fits with cultural norms about marriage -33b Does not fit if its a specific group 3) Interpolation - a later scribal insertion -Not written by Paul, but by a later scribe -Gets rid of 11:5 problem -Flows more naturally -33b floats, evidence suggests it may not have been there originally 4) Corinthian assertion or a diatribe -Rhetorical questions -Reflect Cultural Values -Resolves 11:5 -Relates well to verse 36
What theological tensions does 1 John discuss (3)
1) Atonement by expiration and propitiation 2) Loving one another and hating the world 3) Actual sinfulness and the ideal of sinlessness
What are issues that divide the Corinthian Church (4)?
1) Boasting in sexual relationships 2) Eating food offered to idols 3) Taking one another to court 4) Marrying or remaining celibate
Why do scholars relate Colossians to Philemon? (3)
1) Both letters are written from prison 2) Both letters are sent from Paul and Timothy 3) Both letters mention the same seven people
What are the good things about Prophesy in contrast to Tongues? (4)
1) Builds up the Church 2) Selfless 3) No Interpreter 4) Understood
What are the traits of Cornelius? (4)
1) Centurion in the Italian cohort 2) Roman Citizen-higher status 3) Gentile by birth 4) Devout - "God-Fearer"
What are the 4 components of Paul's Gospel? (4)
1) Christ died for our sins 2) Christ was buried 3) Christ was raised (more to come) 4) Christ appeared to hundreds of disciples
What are the 3 primary Jewish identity markers
1) Circumcision 2) Sabbath 3) Dietary Laws
From Paul's letters, we can say that Timothy was (3)
1) Co-author of a few Pauline letters 2) A trusted colleague sent to many churches 3) Serving with Paul like a son with a father
Paul's 4 solutions to disorderly worship in 1 Corinthians 14:34-35? (4)
1) Command for all women 2) Addressing specific groups of Disorderly women 3) Interpolation-later scribal insertion 4) Corinthian assertion or a diatribe
Why was Head Coverings an Issue in Corinthians? (2)
1) Confusing the boundary between home and church 2) Taking to literally Paul's teaching on "no male or female" in Christ. (Gal. 3:24)
Paul's issue to the Corinthian Problem at the Last Supper?
1) Contempt for God's Church 2) Humiliate the Poor
What is the Righteousness of God in Romans
1) Could be God's Righteousness or Righteousness from God 2) Paul says Righteousness is who God is and what God does 3) In Jesus God sets things right with the world through his covenant faithfulness with the world.
3 Reasons for the Development of the NT Canon
1) Demise of the Apostles (Only trusted link back to Jesus) 2) Different works in different churches (Stabilization) 3) Heresy
What are the 5 reasons for Paul's authorship being disputed?
1) Different Terminology 2) Different Style 3) Theological Difference 4) Assumptions Behind the Letters 5) Pseudopigraphy
According to the theology of Ephesians, Jesus' death on the cross accomplishes
1) Eliminating the divine preference for Israel 2) Forgiving the trespasses or sins of all people 3) Destroying divisions between Jews and Gentiles 4) Setting people on equal footing before God.
What describes the church in Corinth? (3)
1) Ethnically and socially homogeneous 2) Paul stayed there at least 18 months 3) They wrote to Paul after he left with several questions for him
What are the weaknesses of the two-source hypothesis? (2)
1) Explains many, BUT NOT ALL, of Matthew-Luke agreements against Mark 2) Requires hypothetical source for which we have no evidence
Hebrews interprets suffering and shame to be
1) Forms of divine disciples 2) God's way of teaching obedience
7 stages of Paul's relationship with the Corinthians
1) Foundation of Corinthian Church on 2nd miss. journey; Paul stays 18 months 2) Paul writes the "previous letter" 3) Paul receives oral and written word about issues in Corinth 4) Paul writes 1 Corinthians with Sosthenes from Ephesus 5) Paul's painful visit and "tearful letter" 6) Paul writes 2 Corinthians with Timothy from Macedonia 7) Paul visits Corinth and (probably) writes Romans
When Paul discusses his ministry in 2 Corinthians, how does he characterize it?
1) Full of integrity and authorized by God 2) Characterized by suffering and tribulations
What were Jesus' conflicts with the religious leaders? (6)
1) Gaining followers and makes them look foolish 2) Criticism of religious establishment 3) Jesus' identity as the Son of Man, Lord, Forgiveness, and Miracles 4) Challenging Traditions 5) Jesus' Company with sinners, prostitutes, gentiles, etc. 6) Temple Criticism
Describe Jesus' brother James (3)
1) He was a leader at the apostolic Jerusalem Council in Acts 15 2) He was killed around 62 C.E. 3) The risen Jesus appeared to him
What is the significance of Jesus' title as the Messiah?
1) Hebrew Term 2) Anointment of his rule
What are two ways of speaking in tongues?
1) Human Language -At Pentecost when everyone heard their own language 2) Ecstatic Speech -Gift of the spirit that requires a spirit filled interpreter
What were the two types of speaking in Tongues? (2)
1) Human Tongues or Xenolala - Known Languages (Acts 2) 2) Angelic or Spiritual Tongues or Glossalalia - Not Human Languages, not of this world (1 Cor. 14:2. 14:14)
The Hellenistic social world included (4)
1) Increased religious syncretism 2) Grotesque economic inequality 3) Acute awareness of honor and shame 4) Jews reading the Septuagint
What is contained in the Conclusion of ancient letters? (8)
1) Instructions 2) Travel plans 3) Autograph 4) Encouragement 5) Recommendations 6) Prayer Requests 7) Summary of the Body 8) Benediction
What describes Ancient Corinth (3)?
1) It was host of the Isthmian games, second in popularity only to the Olympics 2) It was capitol of the province of Achaia 3) It was prosperous because of its strategic geographical position
Describe the Roman Church (4)
1) Jew First and also to the Gentile 2) Not Founded by Paul 3) Not one church, but many (5 or more) 4) Both Jews and Gentiles with mixed ethical backgrounds
What is true of circumcision (2)
1) Jewish boys were circumcised on the 8th day 2) It was the sign of the covenant between God and the Jews.
Name 2 Significances of John's Baptism
1) Jews baptized themselves but John baptizes others 2) Jew baptized frequently but John baptized only once
What three things contribute to scholars new thinking that Jude is an authentic letter?
1) Jude's use of scripture depends on Hebrew writings, not the Septuagint 2) Early churches did not question the authenticity of Jude 3) The author did not choose to identify himself by his more famous brother, Jesus
What are the 3 promises of Gen 12:1-3
1) Land - The Promised Land 2) Nation - God's People 3) Blessing - A blessing to the Earth
What imagery does occur in both 1 John and the Gospel of John (3)
1) Light and Darkness 2) Love one another 3) Blood and water
What is the central idea in Phillipians (2)
1) Living the Gospel in All Circumstances 2) In Christ God takes the position of a lowly servant
What are the strengths of the two-source hypothesis? (2)
1) Makes sense of Mark's rough Greek and short length 2) Explains many, but not all, of Matthew-Luke agreements against Mark
What are the portraits of Jesus in the 4 gospels
1) Matthew - The forsaken Christ 2) Mark - The Forsaken Christ 3) Luke - Innocent Martyr 4) John - The triumphant king
Describe the Pharisees (4)
1) Most popular 2) Synagogue 3) Lay Leaders 4) Believe in the Ressurection
What is Paul's solution to Spiritual Gifts?
1) Motivation - Does this build up the community/church?
What is common in apocalyptic literature (4)
1) Mystical journeys 2) Dualistic worldviews 3) Symbolic language 4) Fantastic Creatures
What are the strengths of the Farrer Hypothesis? (2)
1) No hypothetical source 2) Makes sense of Mark's rough Greek and short length
What are the 5 principles for reading ancient letters?
1) Not written to us 2) Occasional - something that prompted their writing 3) One-Sided - Assumes a degree of knowledge upon the recipient 4) Only have some of Paul's letters 5) At least begin by, reading each letter on its own terms
What are the elements of Paul's argument in Philemon(8)
1) Onesimus carries the letter to Philemon 2) Paul opens up with stating that he is a prisoner or slave 3) Paul addresses them as fellow workers in Christ - equality 4) "Grace and Peace" Paul wants Philemon to give that to Onesimus 5) Paul is setting Philemon up to act out his faith 6) Shows approval of Onesimus 7) Plays on Onesimus' name 8) Tells Paul what to do without every directly commanding him to do anything.
What are the 3 components of ancient letters?
1) Opening 2) Body 3) Conclusion
List and describe the 4 aspects of Paul's portrayal of baptism in Romans 6. What is the significance of this portrayal for today?
1) Participation in Christ's death and resurrection -symbolic immersion -understood in early christianity 2) Defeat of sin and death -participation in the defeat of death -both present and future reality 3) Baptism is a present reality -walk in newness of life -life facing opposite of death -ongoing state of being dead to sin 4) Baptism is an event that gives identity -Identity change from enslaved to sin to free from sin -Drastic change in Identity -Christ becomes your identity Significance - Identity affects your ethics -We become like Christ because we are identified with Christ
What is the function of Romans 1:18-32 (2)
1) Paul's ame was to show a diagnosis of the disordered human condition. 2) Evidence that humans are in rebellion against God.
In what positive ways does Paul interpret his imprisonment for the Philippians?
1) Paul's imprisonment has advanced the gospel 2) Paul is now actively sharing in Christ's suffering
What are three ways that Powell explained the differences between the Paul in Acts and the Paul in Paul's Letters.
1) Paul's speeches in Acts are directed toward non-christians, but his letters are written to christians 2) Acts is written by a third party, not Paul himself 3) In Acts, unlike the letters, Paul is a spokesperson for Luke's Theology
Who were the 4 Rulers/Empires over Israel and the dates in which they ruledd
1) Persians 2) Greeks 3) Hasmonean Dynasty (167-63 BCE) 4) Romans (63 BCE-Several Centuries later)
Name three three things true about Philemon
1) Philemon hosts a church in his home 2) Philemon is probably a wealthy slave owner 3) Philemon usually practices generous hospitality
What are 3 descriptions of Philippi
1) Philippi belongs to the Roman province of Macedonia 2) Philippi was settled by retired Roman soldiers 3) Philippi was named for Alexander the Great's father
What were the two vies of cassation of the body?
1) Platonists and Stoics - good to get rid of the body 2) Most people - death is a problem without a solution.
Describe the Sadducees (7)
1) Powerful 2) Sided with Romans 3) Temple - Jerusalem 4) Priesthood 5) Denied Resurrection 6) Pentateuch 7) Aristocratic
What are the 4 Approaches to Revelation (4)
1) Preterist - Revelation is focused on things that were going on at the time of writing 2) Historist - Revelation refers to events through the history of the church 3) Futurist - Revelation refers to events in the future 4) Idealist - Revelation refers to the conflict between God and his opponents in all times
What is contained in the opening of ancient letter? (4)
1) Qualifications of the Writer 2) Recipient 3) Salutation 4) Prayer
What was the purposes of 1 Thessalonians? (3)
1) Reassurance despite Paul's absence 2) Strengthen them during persecution 3) Reiterate previous instruction
Paul's response to the Corinthian Problem of the Last Supper?
1) Remind them of Jesus' Words -Purpose of the meal -Proclaiming Jesus' death and selflessness not selfishness 2) Recognize the Body -Reference to Jesus' Body -Reference to the Church
Paul's Biographical traits? (12)
1) Roman Citizen 2) Spoke Greek 3) Tent maker/Leather worker 4) From Tartus 5) Spoke Aramaic 6) Circumcised on the 8th day 7) Tribe of Benjamin 8) Education by Gamaliel 9) Pharisee 10) Believed in resurrection 11) Interpreted law for the community 12) Concerned with ritual purity
Corinth was ____(4)
1) Roman Colony 2) Founded in 44 BCE 3) Isthmus - a strategic location as a port city with water on both sides 4) Religiously Diverse - Congregation is Diverse -Pagan cults, Emperial cults, Jewish Population (synagogue)
What are the issues in 2 Corinthians? (4)
1) Same as 1st Corinthians 2) The collection 3) Resurrection 4) Paul's Speaking Ability
Why do scholars think 2 Peter is pseudopigrahpical (3)?
1) Second Peter considers Paul's letters collectively and reads them as scripture 2) The letter regards Christ's parousia as thousands of years in the future 3) Second Peter reflects on the apostolic era as a sacred time, long since past.
What does the end of the Acts do for the book? (3)
1) Shows that the fate of Paul is secondary to the fate of the Gospel 2) Wraps up themes Acts 1 and the universal mission of the Kingdom 3) The Gospel is "unhindered"
What is sin in Romans 6 (6)
1) Slave master 2) "Entity" 3) Instrument of crookedness 4) Death 5) Impurity 6) Singular force or power that enslaves and exercises dominion
3 primary titles for Jesus in the Gospels?
1) Son of Man 2) Son of God 3) Messiah
What is the Colossian Heresy?
1) Spirit Matter Dualism 2) Gnosticism 3) Merkabah Mystecism
What were the 3 temptation narratives purpose?
1) Stones to Bread -Trust 2) Jerusalem - Jump off the pinnacle of the temple -Waiting for God's Deliverance 3) Bowing to Satan for Splendor, Authority, and Kingdom's -Idolatry
Who are Paul's opponents in 2 Corinthians?
1) Super Apostles, False-Apostles, Ministers-of-Satan 2) Jewish-Christian pneumadics -spirit people obsessed with the miraculous
What admonitions does 1 Peter give to the suffering church? (2)
1) The church should become an alternative community of support, a substitute family 2) The church should conduct itself honorably to dispel false accusations and possibly convert non-Christians
What was the pagan view of resurrection? (2)
1) The dead live without bodies usually in Hades. 2) Life after death, but no BODILY resurrection (resurrection of the body is not a part of pagan death).
Name three reasons why scholars question whether Paul wrote the Pastoral Epistles?
1) The language and style are not typical of Paul's letters 2) Some Theological ideas are different from what Paul expresses elsewhere 3) It is difficult to align the historical circumstances of the Pastoral Epistles with information elsewhere in the NT
What are three images 1 Peter uses to describe the church?
1) The new Israel 2) A woman 3) The priesthood of all believers
What is the Gospel in Romans (4)
1) The story of Jesus as the fulfillment of the story of Israel 2) The "power of God" for salvation 3) Capacity to change and transform lives 4) Breaks down barriers and changes hearts
What is the issue with how the Corinthians partook in the Lord's Supper? (2)
1) There was a distinction between the rich and the poor 2) They were not partaking as a unified body
How does one interpret parables? (3)
1) They are a difficult saying or story used to promote thought 2) Often a metaphor or a simile 3) 1-2 Main Points
Describe the original audience of hebrews (3)?
1) They have endured persecution, abuse, or suffering 2) They are in danger of drifting away from the faith 3) They have witnessed signs and wonders
What is true about Thessalonian Christians? (3)
1) They turned to God from idols 2) They endured persecution 3) They are Gentile believers
What are the characteristics of false teachers in 2 Peter? (3)
1) They twist Paul's words to their own interpretation 2) They love money and are incorrigible profit seekers 3) They reject God's coming judgement on world affairs
For what reason was Paul writing to the churches in Rome? (4)
1) To ask for contributions to the collection 2) To gain support for his next missionary journey 3) To introduce himself to the Roman churches 4) To offer theological advice on specific problems
Paul's instruction concerning the Corinthian Last Supper? (2)
1) Wait for one another 2) We don't eat like the rest of the world
What is the weakness of the Farrer Hypothesis
1) We would think that Luke would smooth out Matthew, but sometimes it looks like Matthew is more polished.
What are the weaknesses of the Griesbach Hypothesis (2)
1) Why would Mark exclude birth narratives 2) Greek in Mark is rougher
How did the Holy Spirit come upon the Apostles at Pentecost? (2)
1) Wind/Spirit -Audible 2) Fire -Visible
What is the cultural background on head covering?
1) Women typically had long hair 2) Women usually wore their hair tied up or covered 3) Women rarely let their hair down 4) If women let their hair down it could have been taken as a sign of permiscuity 5) Jewish women only appeared with their heads covered 6) Men had short hair 7) Both men and women who were Romans covered their head in worship 8) Issues related to hair were rooted in nature
What is the relationship between 2 Peter and Jude (5)
1) the text of 2nd Peter 2 is almost parallel to Jude 2) Both books use a common source 3) 2nd Peter is borrowing from Jude 4) Assumption - addressing similar situation 5) Denunciation of false teachers
How does the Gospel of John differ from Matthew, Mark, and Luke?
90% of it has no dirt parallel with these three: It postulates a ministry of three years rather than one, it focuses on different pats of Jesus' teachings, and it emphasizes Jesus' ministry in a different manner
Diatesseron
A "Gospel Harmony" produced by the mid-second-century Syrian Christian Tatian, who took the four gospels and combined their stories into one long narrative (Dia-tesseron literally means "through the four": this then is the one long narrative told through the four accounts"
Genre
A "genre" is a kind of literature with specific literary features; in the modern world, for example, there are short stoires, novels, and limerick poems (each with their own distinctive features); in the ancient world there were biographies, epic poems, general histories - and many other genres. The major genres of the New Testament ar Gospels, which are most like religious biographies, Acts, most like general histories, epistles, and apocalypses.
Thecla
A (legendary) female disciple of Paul whose adventures are narrated in the novel-like work of the second century, The Acts of Paul and Thecla
Origen
A Christian Philosopher and theologian from early-third-century Alexandria, Egypt, who wrote one of the best known Christian Apologies
Epaphras
A Christian preacher who spread the Gospel to his fellow Colossian citizens. When Paul was a prisoner in Rome, this man came to him with a favorable account of the Church at Colossae. He remained with Paul in Rome.
Judaizer
A Christian who insists that followers of Jesus need to keep (all or parts of) the Jewish Law in order to have a right standing before God (a view held, for example, by Paul's opponent in Galatia)
Demetrius
A Diana-worshipping silversmith who incited a riot against Saint Paul.
Apocrypha
A Greek term meaning, literally, "hidden things," used of books on the fringe of jewish or Christian canons of Scripture. The Jewish Apocrypha comprises books found in the Septuagint but not in the Hebrew Bible, including 1 and 2 Maccabees and 4 Ezra
Parousia
A Greek word meaning "presence" or "coming," used as a technical term to refer to the Second Coming of Jesus in judgement at the end of time
Law (See Torah)
A Hebrew word that means "guidance" or "direction" but that is usually translated "law". As a technical term it designates EITHER the law of God given to Moses or the first five books of the Jewish Bible that Moses was traditionally thought to have written - Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy
Pentecost
A Jewish agricultural festival, celebrated fifty days after the feast of the Passover, from the Greek word for fifty (pentakosia)
Egyptian, The
A Jewish apocalyptic prophet of the first century c.e. who predicated the destruction of the walls of Jerusalem, mentioned by Josephus
Sadducees
A Jewish party associated with the Temple cult and the Jewish priests who ran it, comprising principally the Jewish aristocracy in Judea. The party leader, the high Priest, served as the highest ranking local official and chief liason with the Roman Governor
Sicarii
A Latin term meaning, literally, "daggermen", a designation for a group of first-century Jews responsible for the assassination of Jewish aristocrats thought to have collaborated with the Romans (See also fourth philosophy)
beatitudes
A Latin word meaning, literally, "blessings," used as a technical term for the sayings of Jesus that begin the Sermon on the Mount (e.g., "Blessed are the poor in spirit...," Matt 5:3-12).
Jesus, Son of Ananias
A Palestinian Jew (discussed by Jospehus) who, like Jesus of Nazareth, was an apocalyptic preacher of the comming end of the age; like Jesus he was arrested and prosecuted for his revolutionary proclamation, although he was not executed for his crimes. He was inadvertently killed during the siege of Jerusalem in the first Jewish Revolt of 66-70 c.e.
Mithras
A Persian deity worshipped in a mystery cult spread throughout the Roman World
Suetonius
A Roman historian of the early second century c.e., best known for a multivolume work giving biographies of the Roman emperors, The Lives of the Caesars
Tertullian
A brilliant and acerbic Christian author from the late second and early third century. Tertullian, who was from North Africa and wrote in Latin, is one of the best known early Christian apologies.
Sceva
A chief priest who, along with his sons, tried to exorcise a demon and failed. They were then questioned about their power by Paul.
Eusebius
A church historian who believed that Constantine had been chosen by god to help Christianity to develop fully
Sermon on the Mount
A collection of Jesus' teachings on many important topics, which the Gospel of Matthew presents as a speech given by Jesus.
Apostilic Fathers
A collection of noncanonical writings penned by proto-orthodox Christians of the second century who were traditionally thought to have been followers of the apostles; some of these works were considered Scripture in parts of the early church.
Mishnah
A collection of oral traditions passed on by generations of Jewish rabbis who saw themselves as the descendants of the Pharisees, finally put into writing around 200 c.e. see also Talmund
Elohim
A common Semitic word for God used in the Bible. Elohim appears in Hebrew names like Mich-a-EL, Dan-i-EL, and Ari-EL.
Proselyte
A convert to Judaism from Paganism
Sanhedrin
A council of Jewish leaders headed by the High Pries, which played an advisory role in matters of religious and civil policy
Egypt
A country of northeast Africa and the Sinai Peninsula on the Mediterranean Sea. Mary and Joseph fled here with Jesus shortly after he was born.
What is the central emphasis of James
A diaspora letter that Reminds us that Christianity and Judaism are one
Dorcas/Tabitha
A disciple who lived in Joppa, who was mourned by all the widows, and so the apostle Peter raised her from the dead.
L
A document (or documents, written or oral) that no longer survives, but that evidently provided Luke with traditions that are not found in Matthew or Mark (see also Four Source Hypothesis)
M
A document (or documents, written or oral) that no longer survives, but that evidently provided Matthew with traditions that are not found in Mark or Luke (see also four source hypothesis)
Signs Source
A document, which no longer survives, thought by many scholars to have been used as one of the sources of Jesus' ministry in the Fourth Gospel; it reputedly narrated a number of the miraculous deeds of Jesus
Philo
A famous Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria, Egypt in the first century, who saw the Jewish Scriptures as completely compatible with the insights of Greek philosophy and worked to interpret them accordingly
Epaphroditus
A fellow Christian missionary of Paul. He was also the delegate of the Christian community at Philippi, sent with their gift to Paul during one of his imprisonments.
Honi the "Circle-Drawer"
A first-century B.C.E. Galilean who was reputed to have done miracles and had experiences similar to those of Jesus
Theudas
A first-century Jewish apocalypitic prophet (mentioned by Josephus) who predicted the parting of the Jordan River and, evidenly, the reconquest of the Promised Land by the Chosen people (2) An early Gnostic Christian, allegedly the disciple of Paul and the teacher of Valentinus
Disciple
A follower, one who is "taught" (as opposed to an apostle, one who is "sent" as an emissary).
Proto-Orthodox Christians
A form of Christianity endorsed by some Christians of the second and third centuries (including the Apostolic Fathers), which promoted doctrines that were declared "Orthodox" in the fourth and later centuries by the victorious Christian party, in opposition to such groups as the Ebionites, the Marcionites, and the Gnostics
Proto-Orthodox
A form of Christianity endorsed by some Christians of the second and third centuries (including the Apostolic Fathers), which promoted doctrines that were declared "orthodox" in the fourth and later centuries by the vicious Christian party, in opposition to such groups as the Ebionites, the Marcionites, and the Gnostics
Extispicy
A form of divination in Greek and Roman religions in which a specially appointed priest (haruspex) would examine the entrails of a sacrificed animal to determine whether it had been accepted by the gods
Auspices (Auspicy)
A form of divination in which specially appointed priests could determine the will of the gods by observing the flight patters or eating habits of birds
What characterization best describes the Corinthian congregation?
A fractious church with problems
Muratorian Fragment
A fragmentary text discovered in the eighteenth century, named after its italian discoverer, Muratori, which contains, in Latin, a list of Christian books that its author considered canonical; the canon is usually considered to have been produced in the late second century, in or around Rome.
General History
A genre of ancient literature that traced the significant events in the history of a people to show how their character (as a people) was established. Examples of the genre include Josephus's Antiquities of the Jews and the Acts of the Apostles.
deacon
A greek word that literally means "one who ministers." In the early church deacons were Christian church leaders given the responsibility of tending to the physical needs of the community (e.g through the distribution of alms).
Zealots
A group of Galilean Jews who fled to Jerusalem during the uprising against Rome in 66-70 ce who overthrew the reigning aristocracy in the city and urged violent resistance to the bitter end
Mystery Cults
A group of Greco-Roman religions that focused on the devotees individual needs both in this life and in life after death, so named because their initiation rituals and cultic practices involved the disclosure of hidden things that were to be kept secret from outsiders
Herodians
A group of Jewish leaders, according to the Gospel of Mark, who were allegedly allied closely with the family of Herod and were thought, therefore, to be collaborators with the Romans
Gnostics (Gnosticism)
A group of ancient religions, some of them closely related to Christianity, that maintained that elements of the divine had become entrapped in this evil world of matter and could be released only when they acquired the secret gnosis (Greek for "Knowledge") of who they were and how they could escape. Gnosis was generally thought to be brought by an emissary of the divine realm.
Magi
A group of distinguished foreigners who were said to have visited Jesus after his birth.
Fourth Philosophy
A group of jews that Josephus mentions but leaves unnamed, characterized by their insistence on violent opposition to the foreign domination of the Promised Land
"I am" sayings
A group of sayings found only in the Gospel of John, in which Jesus identifies himself. In some of the sayings he speaks in metaphor ("I am the bread of life," "I am the light of the world," "I am the way, the truth, and the life"), and other times he identifies himself simply by saying "I am" - a possible reference to the name of God from Exodus 3 ("Before Abraham was, I am"; John 8:58)
Mount of Olives
A hill outside Jerusalem where Jesus entered the Garden of Gethsemane.
Golgotha
A hill outside Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified. The name means "place of the skull."
Nazareth
A historic town in northern Israel that is mentioned in the Gospels as the home of Joseph and Mary. Where Jesus grew up.
Dionysius
A judge of the Areopagus who was converted to Christianity by the preaching of the Paul there.
What do all the Gospels have in common?
A large portion of them are the same material
Silas
A leading member of the Early Christian community, who later accompanied Paul in some of his missionary journeys.
How do scholars characterize the author of Luke's Gospel
A learned person who knew Jewish scripture
Fulfillment Citations
A literary device used by Matthew in which he states that something experienced or done by Jesus "fulfilled" what was spoken of by a Hebrew prophet in Scripture
Biography (ancient)
A literary genre consisting of a narrative of an individual's life, often with a chronological framework, employing numerous subgenres (such as sayings, speeches, anecdotes, and conflict stories) so as to reflect important aspects of his or her character, principally for purposes of instruction, exhortation, or propaganda
Apocalypse
A literary genre in which an author, usually pseudonymous, reports symbolic dreams ore visions, given or interpreted through an angelic mediator, which reveal the heavenly mysteries that can make sense of earthly realities
Allegory
A literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions
Diotrephes
A man who was proud, disrespectful of apostolic authority, rebellious, and inhospitable. He tried to hinder those desiring to show hospitality to the brothers and to expel these from the congregation.
Genius
A man's guardian spirit (that of a woman was called Iuno)
Speaking generally, Paul seems to have presented the gospel of Christ to the Thessalonians as
A meaningful moral system that allowed people to live with integrity and dignity.
Lydia
A merchant of purple cloth, and perhaps the first convert in Europe to Christianity, who hosted Paul and his group in her home.
Literary-Historical Method
A method used to study a literary text by asking how its genre text function it its historical context and by exploring, then, its historical meaning (i.e., seeing how its meaning would have been understood to its earliest readers) in light of its literary characteristics.
Comparative Method
A method used to study a literary text by noting its similarities to and differences from other, related, texts, whether or not any of these other texts was used as a source for the text in questions
Contextual Method
A method used to study a literary text first by determining its social and historical context and then using that context to help explain the text's meaning.
Socio-Historical Method
A method used to study a literary text that seeks to reconstruct the social history of teh community that lay behind it
Apollonius of Tyana
A pagan philosopher and holy man of the first century c.e. reported to do miracles and to deliver divinely inspired teachings, a man believed by some of his followers to be a son of God
Amanuensis
A personal scribe or secretary, who wrote (e.g. personal letters) from dictation
Firstfruits of the Resurrection
A phrase used by the apostle Paul to refer to Jesus as the first one to be raised from the dead. it is an agricultural image referring to the celebration held at the end of the first day of the harvest, in anticipation of going out to bring in the rest of the crops (the next day). If Jesus is the "firstfruits," then the rest of the resurrection (i.e., everyone else's resurrection) will happen very soon.
Church as a hospital
A place where the sick and hurt are healed and saved
Asclepius
A popular greek god known in particular for his ability to heal the sick.
How Revelation differs from "conventional apocalyptic" literature
A prophetic book; Not pseudonymous; Not pessimistic about God's intervention in history
Herodians
A public political party, who distinguished themselves from the Pharisees and Sadducees by the fact that they were and had been sincerely friendly to Herod the Great.
Apology
A reasoned explanation and justification of one's beliefs and/or practices, from a Greek word meaning "defense"
Proselytes
A recent convert to Judaism
Papyrus
A reed-like plant that rows principally around the Nile, whose stalk was used for the manufacture of a paper-like writing surface in antiquity
Samaria
A region in Palestine located between Galilee on the north and Judah/Judea on the south, and between the Jordan River on the east and the Plain of Sharon on the west.
What does Intercalation mean?
A rhetorical technique that wraps one story around another, forming a literary sandwich
Baptism
A rite of purification using water
Oracle
A sacred place where the gods answered questions brought by the worshipers of the resident holy person - a priest or, more commonly, a priestess - who would often deliver the divine response out of a trance-like state; the term can also refer to the divine answer itself.
Rhoda
A servant girl in the house of Mary, the mother of John Mark. After Peter was released from prison he went to Mary's house, and this girl came to answer the door. She was so excited she forgot to open the door for Peter.
Songs of the Suffering Servant
A set of four poems or songs found in Isaiah 40-55, in which the prophet speaks of a "Servant of the Lord" who suffers for the sake of the people of God. Jewish interpreters typically understood this to refer to the Jews who were sent into exile to Babylon; later Christians claimed that the passages referred to a suffering messiah, Jesus. (The term "messiah" is not used in these passages.)
Melchizedek
A shadowy figure first mentioned in Genesis 14, as a king to whom Abraham, the father of the Jews, paid tithes from his spoils of battle. Later Christians, such as the author of Hebrews, understood Melchizedek to be a prefiguration of Christ, who was greater than all thing Jewish (and hence worshipped by the father of the Jews)
How do Healings relate to the kingdom of God
A sign of temporal restoration illustrating the coming of eternal restoration
Bethlehem
A small town near Jerusalem on the west bank of the Jordan River. Place where Christ was born
What does a sound hermeneutic recognize?
A sound hermeneutic recognizes that the New Testament relates the story of Christ as the Old testament foretold, that various witnesses depicted this story, that in Acts the story was spread, that the story was applied in various setting in the Epistles, and that it will culminate one day in cosmic judgement as prophesied in Revelation
Theocracy
A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God
magic
A term that is notoriously hard to define, "magic" usually refers to religious practices that are not sanctioned by society at large or by the community in which they are found. Sometimes magic is referred to as the "dark side" of religion, involving sacred activities and words that are socially marginalized
Son of Man
A term whose meaning is much disputed among modern scholars, used in some ancient apocalyptic texts to refer to a cosmic judge sent from heaven at the end of time.
The writing of the Gospel of John is best characterized as
A theological reflection on the incarnation
Diatribe
A theoretical device used by Greek and Latin authors, including the apostle Paul, in which an imaginary opponent raises objections to one's views only to be answered successfully, so as to move an argument forward. (Paul uses the diatribe, for example, in his letter to be answered successfully, so as to move an argument forward. Paul uses the diatribe, for example, in his letter to the Romans.
Capernaum
A town on the Sea of Galilee that became Jesus' home during his Galilean ministry. Place of the most miracles.
Bethsaida
A village on the northeast shore of the Sea of Galilee, It was the home of Philip, Andrew, and Peter. Jesus sent his disciples there by boat after the feeding of the 5,000.
Allegory of the Vine
A vine cut from the branch is useless except for use as fuel.
Sadducees
A wealthy portion of Jewish society, perhaps part of the priestly clan, who maintained the Temple.
Hanina Ben Dosa
A well-known Galilean rabbi of the first century, who was reputed to have done miracles comparable to those of Jesus
Metaphor
A word or group of words that uses one object or idea in place of another suggest likeness between them. E.g. "I am the bread of life."
Apocalypiticism
A worldview held by many ancient Jews and Christians that maintained that the present age is controlled by forces of evil, but that these will be destroyed at the end of time when God intervenes in history to bring in his kingdom, an event thought to be imminent
Apocalypticism
A worldview held by many ancient Jews and Christians that maintained that the present age is controlled by forces of evil, but that these will be destroyed at the end of time when God intervenes in history to bring in his kingdom, an event thought to be imminent
Claudius
AD 41 - AD 54
When were the Jews expelled from Rome and who was the emporer?
AD 49, Claudius
Nero
AD 54 - AD 68
When did Nero's persecution take place?
AD 64
Vespasian
AD 69 - AD 79
Herod's Temple Destroyed
AD 70
When was Jerusalem destroyed by the Romans?
AD 70
when was jerusalem destroyed
AD 70
Titus
AD 79 - AD 81
Domitian
AD 81 - AD 96
Repentance
According to Paul, "godly grief" leads to something in particular. What is it?
No
According to Paul, had God rejected Israel?
The Lord
According to Paul, if you are going to boast, boast in ___ _______.
when it isn't fresh
According to Paul, one can eat meat when it was sacrificed to idols, but when would it not be okay?
Anna
According to that Gospel, she was an aged Jewish prophetess who prophesied about Jesus at the Temple of Jerusalem. She appears in Luke, and is the daughter of Phanuel.
Three Acts of Mark
Act 1, 2, 3
Historical Records
Acts
What are the books in the History Section?
Acts
Book of the history of the formation of the Church
Acts (of the Apostles)
What is the structure of the book of Acts?
Acts 1-12 - The people and places of the Jerusalem Church -Acts 1-7 - Jerusalem -Acts 8-12 - Beyond Jerusalem, but still associated with Jerusalem Acts 13-28 - Missionary Activities of Paul -Acts 13-19 - Mission to Gentiles -Acts 20-28 - Paul's farewell journey
missonary journeys of paul are in what book?
Acts 12-28
What is Acts?
Acts is a historical narrative that focuses on Jesus' followers rather than on jesus' deeds and teachings
How is Acts distinguished?
Acts is distinguished by its historical blue and its theological insights
Who was Agabus?
Agabus was one of the prophets of the early church.
Roman Empire
All of the lands conquered by Rome and ruled, ultimately by the roman emperor, starting with Caesar Augustus in 27 bce; prior to that, Rome was a republic ruled by the Senate
Textual Criticism
An academic discipline that seeks to establish the original wording of a text based on the surviving manuscripts
Voluntas
An act of the will, obedience to God's will, answering God's call
Covenant
An agreement or treaty between two social or political parties that have come to terms; used by ancient Jews in reference to the pact that God made to protect and preserve them as his chosen people in exchange for the devotion and adherence to his law
Hasmoneans
An alternative name for the Maccabeans, the family of Jewish priests that began the revolt against Syria in 167 bce and that ruled Israel prior to the Roman conquest of 63bce
Masada
An ancient Jewish fort in which a major battle in the Jewish revolution occured
Pesher
An ancient Jewish way of interpreting Scripture, used commonly in the commentaries from the Dead Sea Scrolls, in which a text was explained as having its fulfillment in persons or events of the Present Day
Essenes
An apocalyptic and ascetic Jewish sect started during the Maccabean period, members of which are generally thought to have produced the Dead Sea Scrolls
Gabriel
An archangel who serves as a messenger from God. In Luke he foretold the births of both John the Baptist and of Jesus.
Sanhedrin
An assembly of twenty-three judges appointed in every city in Israel (who were still under Roman rule and could therefore not condemn people to death).
James
An authority in the early church at the Council of Jerusalem, and the brother of Jesus
Sacrament
An efficacious sign of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is dispensed through the work of the Holy Spirit.
Essenes
An extremist, separatist group in Judaism. Abandoned the temple and all the other groups in Judaism. They believed that Messiahs would come and lead them in victory in the last day. They were destroyed by the Romans
Nicodemus
An influential Pharisee who came by night to hear Jesus' teachings. He defended Jesus when the other Pharisees attacked him, and finally became an open disciple of Jesus after the Crucifixion.
Athanasius
An influential fourth-century church father and bishop of the large and important church in Alexandria, Egypt. Athanasius was the first church writer to list our twenty-seven New Testament Books (and only those books) as forming the canon.
Perpetua
An upper-class Christian woman of Carthage, North Africa, who along with her slave Felicitas was martyred by being thrown to the wild beasts in 203 CE, we have an account of their martyrdom that includes a diary allegedly from Perpetuas own hand.
Why was Ananias a significant figure?
Ananias was a significant figure because he was sent by God to restore Saul's vision
Dead Sea Scrolls
Ancient Jewish writings discovered in several caves near the northwest edge of the Dead Sea, widely thought to have been produced by a group of apocalyptically minded Essenes who lived in a monastic-like community from Maccabean times through the Jewish War of 66-70 ce
Insula
Ancient apartment buildings in which the ground floor was used for shops and businesses, and the upper floors for residences. The apostle Paul evidently set up his (leather goods?) business and stayed, then, in inusla in the various towns he evangelized
Novel (ancient)
Ancient genre of literature. Novels in the Greek and Roman worlds were fictionalized narratives that normally told of the tragic separation of lovers and of the various mishaps they experienced in their attempts to become reunited. Novels typically included stories of travels, shipwrecks, piracy, banditry, enslavement, and persecution; they typically contained dialogues, speeches, and private letters. Some scholars have argued that the book of Acts is very much like an ancient Novel.
Epicureans
Ancient group of followers of the Greek philosopher Epicurus, who maintained that the gods were removed from the concerns of human life and so were not to be feared or placated. Happiness came in establishing a peaceful harmony with other like-minded people and enjoying the simple pleasures of daily existances
What genre are the 4 Gospels
Ancient-Theological Biographies
Hebrews says Jesus is superior to several things/other people:
Angels, Aaronic Priesthood, the Old Covenant, Promise land, Moses.
Hebrews demonstrating Jesus as superior to Angels
Angels: proves they are servants for God
Mary sister of Martha and Lazarus
Anointed the feet of Christ as a pre-burial ritual
Who is the author of Luke and Acts
Anonymous but assumed to be Luke, Paul's companion
Epistle
Another designation for a private letter. Some scholars have differentiated between "epistles" as literary writings in the form of a letter, which were meant for general distribution, rather than for an individual recipient, and "letters" which were a nonliterary form of personal correspondence. The differentiation between epistles and letters is not widely held today, however, so that the terms tend to be used synonymously.
Philetus
Another person Paul warns Timothy against along with his associate in error, Hymenaeus.
All three of Paul's missionary journeys began in which city?
Antioch
The Roman general Pompey conquered the province Syria, where Christ's followers are first called Christians in the capital city of WHAT?
Antioch
What is the city that replaced Jerusalem as the city of greatest importance in apostolic times?
Antioch
The Gospel of Matthew was written in what place and what time?
Antioch around 80 CE
4 BC - AD 39
Antipas
Tradition
Any doctrine, idea, practice, or custom that has been handed down from one person to another
Disciple
Any follower of Jesus
Manuscripts
Any handwritten copy of a literary text
Gospel Harmony
Any literary attempt to take several Gospels and combine them into a longer, more complete Gospel, by incorporating the various accounts into one, such as Tatian's Diatesseron
The term Gentiles refers to
Any nation or people group other than Jews
Paganism
Any of the polytheistic religions of the Greco-Roman world, an umbrella term for ancient mediterranean religions other than Judaism and Christianity
Divination
Any practice used to ascertain the will of gods. See also, Auspicy, Extispicy
Christology
Any teachings about the nature of Christ (See also Adoptionism, Docetism)
In addition to Hebrew scriptures, Jude also relies on
Apocryphal writings
What is the criteria for canonicity
Apostalicity Catholicity Orthodoxy Traditional Usage Inspiration
One who is sent out to spread the Gospel
Apostle
Simon the Zealot
Apostle of Jesus who was a zealot
Like the missionaries to Corinth, the opponents in Galatia attack Paul's
Apostolic Authority
The event in which Jesus Christ left the physical earth and was raised into heaven, as reported in Luke 24 and Acts 1 is called
Ascension
Define Pseudopigraphy
Ascribing a work to someone when they didn't actually write the work
What happened at Ephesus?
At Ephesus on his third missionary journey, Paul began his longest continuous ministry in a single location
At Pentecost what happened?
At Pentecost the unusual presence of the Holy Spirit involved the announcement of the gospel of Jesus the Messiah
The theological view, rooted in temple sacrifice, that says people have sinned against God and God therefore demands a sacrifice to set the relationship right again is called
Atonement
Social Science Criticism
Attempts to understand New Testament writings using the perspectives of social history and the methods of social and cultural anthropology...It is rooted in the insight that the people who wrote the documents in the Bible, as well as the people whom they describe, are all foreigners to the modern, Western world.
27 BC - AD 14
Augustus Caesar
Who was the key figure in spreading the gospel in Antioch?
Barnabas
Herod the Great
Began building the temple in Jerusalem, and was the puppet King of Israel for Rome. He ordered the killing of all baby boys 2 and under after hearing that a new Jewish king had been born.
Herod "the great"
Began building the temple in Jerusalem, and was the puppet king of Israel for Rome. He ordered the killing of all baby boys 2 and under after hearing that a new Jewish king had been born.
Feast of Trumpets (Rosh Hashanah)
Beginning of the civil year
In Acts, The Gentile mission
Begins in Jerusalem and spreads to all nations
What is "realized eschatology"?
Belief that the blessings of the end times are available in the present life
What is the Important word in John?
Believe
Epicureans
Believed the greatest good in life was pleasure
Paul uses the metaphor of a footrace in his letter to the Philippians. This metaphor illustrates Paul's point that
Believers, like runners, should forget what lies behind and race to the goal
John
Beloved disciple of Jesus; Wrote John, 1-3 John, Revelation
Solomon
Builder of the original temple destroyed by the Babylonians
Where did Jesus disclose to his disciples his true identity and the nature of his mission?
Caesarea Philippi
Jesus said "it is so hard for a rich man to get into the kingdom of God that it would be easier for a ____ to go through a ___.
Camel...Eye of needle
Daimonia
Category of divine beings in the Greco-Roman world. Daimonia were widely thought to be less powerful than the gods but far more powerful than humans and capable of influencing human lives.
Feast of Lights (Dedication, Hanukkah)
Celebration of the rededication of the temple under Judas Maccabeus
Pentecost
Celebration symbolizing the giving of the law on Mt. Sinai by Moses
Jesus said they are the most important ones in the kingdom of God and that you must become like one of these to enter the Kingdom
Children
Ruler of the Synagogue
Chosen from the elders of the Synagogue
Means Messiah or Anointed One or Chosen One
Christ
What is the Greek word for Messiah?
Christ
In contrast to Corinthian claims to have special wisdom and knowledge, Paul claims the only thing worth knowing is
Christ and him crucified
What are the 3 main elements of the Gospels according to John?
Christ died for our sins, Christ was buried for our sins, and Christ rose again on the third day.
Define postmillenial
Christ returns after the millennium; prior to this return, the saints will evangelize the world and rule it in peace for 1000 years
Define premillineial
Christ returns before the millennium and the saints rule with him for 1000 years after the second coming but before the judgment
Define Amilliennial
Christ returns without any literal millennium; the saints experience spiritual victory symbolized in Revelation as a triumph equivalent to a 1000-year reign
Define parousia
Christ's coming
In the Johannine writings (3 letters and 1 Gospel), the early church is still working out which doctrines?
Christ's humanity and divinity
Holiday celebrating the Incarnation
Christmas
what are three things that make John not synoptic?
Chronology distinct geographical focus is different, (more southern focus) Diction, language and word use is VERY distinctive
AD 41 - 54
Claudius
One main reason some scholars think Colossians may not be written by Paul is
Colossians has a different style from Paul and a more developed theology
What is the relationship of Ephesians and Colossians?
Colossians is the shorter version of Ephesians
Koine
Common Greek
Simon of Cyrene
Compelled by the Romans to carry the cross of Jesus.
Erastus
Corinth's "director of public works" (NIV) or the "treasurer."
What was the issue with head coverings in Corinthians?
Corinthian women who pray and prophesy without their head coverings
Who was the person that God used to show Peter and the early church that Gentiles who repented were acceptable to God?
Cornelius
The term justification comes from what kind of language in the traditions of Israel?
Covenantal
What are the 5 C's of the NT meta-narrative
Creation (Gen 1) Corruption (Gen 3) Covenant (Gen 5) Christ (Gospels) Church (Acts-)
Describe the challenges of establishing a church on the island of Crete. Who pastored the church in Crete in the time Paul wrote?
Crete was an lot with a lot of influence from outsiders due to its ports, they had a party mentality; formed many small house churches and was pastured by Titus
Barabbas
Criminal released instead of Jesus
text criticism
Critics analyze the various manuscripts of the New Testament that have been preserved over the centuries, comparing them, dating them, and employing various techniques to determine which are the most reliable. Their goal is to reconstruct what the original manuscripts probably said.
Jesus's triumph over evil was seen with the destruction of WHAT?
Demons
Luke authorizes the mission to the Gentiles except through
Demonstrating how God is on the side of the Gentiles instead of the Jews
James
Described as one of the first disciples to join Jesus. The Synoptic Gospels state that he and John were with their father by the seashore when Jesus called them to follow him. One of the three apostles to bear witness to the transfiguration.
What is the significance of Mark 8:27-9:1
Disciples validate Jesus' title as the Son of Marn
James
During the persecution of the church in Jerusalem, a brother of Jesus who is also a leader in the church, dies. What was his name?
Hasmoneans
Dynasty started by John Hyrcanus who ruled Judea during the Roman Occupation
What does it mean for the Gospels not to be "snapshots"? "motion pictures"? What does it mean for the Gospels to be "portraits" of Jesus?
Each Gospel must be read and respected in its own right.
What did the early Christians view themselves as?
Early christians viewed themselves as the people of god and inheritors of Old Testament promises
Eusibius
Early-fourth-century church father known as the "father of Church History," as his ten-volume book, History of the Christian Church, was the first to provide an extensive chronicle of Christianity's early years, from the days of Jesus down to Eusebius's own time (the early part of the reign of Constantine). Eusebius is the primary source of information for many of the events and writers fo the first three centuries of the church.
Name for Jesus, means "God with us."
Emmanuel
What means God with Us
Emmanuel
What is the main emphasis of 1 Peter
Emphasis on God's victory despite, and in suffering, and the Christ who is faithful in suffering.
Matthew Gospel
Emphasis on Jesus being the new moses. Intended audience primarily Jesus. Holy family flees Egypt.
Luke Gospel
Emphasizes Jesus's interactions with women, and the poor. Luke was a physician and one of the most scholarly writers of the New Testament.
Who was the founder of the church in Colossae?
Epaphrus
Colossians is closest in content and themes to which of the other thirteen Pauline letters?
Ephesians
Where did John take care of Mary
Ephesians Church
What are the disputed letters of Paul? (5)
Ephesians, Collossians, 2 Thessalonians, Timothy, and Titus
The 4 Prison Epistles
Ephesians, Philipians, Colossians, Philemon
Prison Epistles
Ephesians, Philippians, Colossiana, Philemon
4 Epistles
Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon
Prison Epistles
Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon
Where did Timothy pastor his church?
Ephesus
Ephesus often earned the title neokoros for the region around the city. This title indicates that
Ephesus served as the official headquarters for the imperial cult
What are the seven churches of the Revelations?
Ephesus- lost their first love, Thyatira- had problems with Jezebel, Pergamus- held Satan's throne, Laodicea- lacked a good spiritual thermostat, Philadeliphia- faced an open door, Smyrna- Got an A, Sardis-spiritually asleep.
Letter. There are 21 of these in the New Testament
Epistle
T/F - Luke's portrayal of Jesus is in link with Jewish images, but no pagan images
F
True or false: Paul views resurrection as a spiritual resurrection, not a bodily one
F
t/f Christians today can assume that the designations used for church officials in the Pastoral Epistles correspond in role to the same designations in the modern world.
F
t/f Scholars agree that the Pastoral Epistles' instructions about women being silent indicate divinely-mandated gender roles.
F
Themes of James
Faith without works is dead
What was John's reaction to Jesus when he saw him in the book of Revelation, Chapter 1? On what day?
Falls on the ground as if he was dead. The Lord's Day
TRUE or FALSE: the Corinthian church really learned from Paul eagerly and well and shaped up quickly.
False
The city of Thessalonica really loved Paul's visit to the city and it was no problem to establish a church.
False
Generally speaking, the letter to Timothy and Titus deal with two threats: persecution and
False Teaching
What was the source of problems for the church in Colossae?
False Teachings- "hyper religious"
Plato
Famous Greek philosopher from fourth-century bce Athens, many of whose ideas - including the tension between the realms of matters and spirit - influenced Christian thinkers in the early centuries of the church
House Churches
For centuries Christian communities did not meet in buildings specially built for the purpose, but in private homes. Often it was the owner of the home who was the leader of the church. Such communities, which met for worship, instruction, fellowship, and the celebration of rituals such as baptism and eucharist, are known as house churches.
Canon
From a Greek word meaning "ruler" or "straight edge." The term came to designate any recognized collection of texts; the canon of the New Testament is thus the collection of books that Christians accept as authoritative
Catholic
From a Greek word meaning "universal" or "general" used of the New Testament epistles James, 1 and 2 Peter, 1, 2, and 3 John, Jude, and sometimes Hebrews (the "Catholic epistles) to differentiate them from the letters of Paul
Passion
From a Greek word that means "suffering," used as a technical term to refer to the traditions of Jesus' last days, up to and including his crucifixion (hence the "Passion narrative").
Messiah
From a Hebrew world that literally means "anointed one," translated into Greek as Christos, from which derives our English word Christ. In the first century c.e., there was a wide range of expectations aout whom this anointed one might be, some Jews anticipating a future warrior king like David, others a cosmic redeemer from heaven, others an authoritative priest, and still others a powerful spokesperson from God like Moses.
Where Paul got his information about the Corinthians
From some members of Chloe's household; From Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaichus; From the Corinthians themselves - a letter they sent to Paul
Baptism
From the Greek term baptizo, which means "to immerse". The earliest Christian practice of baptism in water appears to have been an initiation rite (it was a ritual that one underwent when joining the Christian community); it probably derived from the practice of John the Baptist, who baptized Jews, including Jesus, in anticipation of the imminent arrival of the end of this age and the coming of the Kingdom of God. (Jewish cleansing rituals were repeated as the needs arose; John's baptism, like the Christians later, appears to have been a one-time occurrence). Later Christians assigned other meanings to the rite - the apostle Paul, for example, saw it as the mystical act of dying with Christ to sin. See Participationist model.
Martyr
From the Greek word martus which literally means "witness". Christian martyrs are those who "bear witness" to Christ even to the point of death.
Pseudepigrapha
From the Greek, literally meaning "false writings" and commonly referring to ancient non-canonical Jewish and Christian literary texts, many of which were written pseudonymously
The Spirit on the Day of Pentecost
Fulfilled the prophecy of Joel
The 6 epistles of Paul DURING the book of Acts
Galatians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Romans
Paul During Acts
Galatians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Corintihians, 2 Corinthians, Romans
Part of the country where Jesus did most of his ministry
Galilee
Where Nazareth is located
Galilee
Apostle
Generally, one who is commissioned to perform a task, from a Greek word meaning "sent"; in early Christianity, the term was used to designate special emissaries of the faith who were understood to be representatives of Christ
Heracleon
Gnostic living around 170 ce who wrote a commentary on the Gospel of John, the first known to have been written by a Christian on any part of the Bible
What 2 popular beliefs does John attack?
Gnosticism and the Mosaic System
Sarah
God changes Sarai's name to symbolize a new beginning
What do Acts 8-12 demonstrate?
God takes note of each individual and is interested in them as persons
What is the significance of Joel 2:28-32 in Acts 2?
God's eschatalogical age is upon us now.
What point is made in Acts 13-28?
God's love is for all who will respond to the gospel, not for any one race or ethnic group
Discuss the argument of the Letter to the Phillipians. What situation does the letter apparantly address and what is the central idea addressing that situation? Illustrate how several different sections of the letter connect to that central idea?
God, in Jesus, sets aside privilege for shame and takes our position for our sake. The Phillipians are using their privilege to justify their action and treating privilege as a right.
Stoics
Greco-Roman philosophers who urged people to understand the way the world worked and to live in accordance with it, letting nothing outside of themselves affect their internal state of well-being
Cynics
Greco-Roman philosophers, commonly portrayed as street preachers who harangued their audiences and urged them to find true freedom by being liberated from all social conventions. The Cynics' decisions to live "according to nature" with none of the niceties of life led their opponents to call them "dogs"
What do we know about Luke
Greek parents, only Gentile writer, Close friend/traveling companion to Paul
God fearers
Group of Jews who saw God as terrifying
What are the major ideas in Philippians 2:5-11, What did Euodia and Syntyche not understand about this text?
Having the Mind of Christ, humbling oneself. Euodia and Syntyche (smelled and looked good) They need to get over their pride and lay their lives down for the sake of the Church.
Ananias (Bad)
He and his wife lied about their property and amount they paid for it; Were struck down and killed by God
John the Baptist
He baptized Jesus
Joseph of Arimathea
He donated his own prepared tomb for the burial of Jesus after Jesus' Crucifixion.
Nathanael
He is skeptical about the Messiah coming from Nazareth, but Jesus tells him that he was under a fig tree, and he believes. He sees Jesus after the resurrection, and works with Bartholomew.
Joseph
He is sold into slavery by his jealous brothers and taken to Egypt. He later forgave his brothers and they eventually joined him in Egypt
Herod Philip II
He married his niece Salome, the daughter of Herodias. She was the one who ordered for the beheading of John the Baptist. He was also called a Tetrarch.
Turing Water into Wine
He turned water into wine. This is impossible, but jesus did it and it was a miracle since he is divine. Jesus is thirsty and hungry. It shows Jesus is just like us. Hospitas.
Aristarchus
He was a Greek traveler with Paul on his second missionary journey, as well as a fellow prisoner of Paul.
Andronicus
He was a relative and fellow prisoner of Saint Paul, and had become a follower of Jesus Christ before Saint Paul's, Damascus Road, conversion. Probably the husband of Junia.
Agrippa I
He was also known as Herod Agrippa or simply Herod, "King of the Jews." The king named Herod in the Acts of the Apostles. He had James son of Zebedee killed and imprisoned Peter.
Situation addressed by Hebrews
Hebrews makes no direct statements about setting. However, we can infer possible setting of social persecution and appeals to return to Jewish observance without affirming Jesus as Messiah.
What are the books in the Other Epistles?
Hebrews, James, 1&2 Peter, 1,2&3 John, Jude
Social consciousness in the first century was shaped by a process called WHAT?
Hellenization
What did Antioches IV Epiphanees do to the Jewish Culture?
Hellenized it or enforced Greek culture
Who did not respond appropriately to the message of Christ?
Herod Agrippa I and Simon the sorcerer
Fourth Generation Herod
Herod Agrippa II
37 - 4 BC
Herod the Great
First Generation Herod
Herod the Great
4 BC
Herod the Great dies
37 BC
Herod the Great established as King
What groups were found living in Jerusalem at the time of Herod the Great (3)
Herodians, Sadducees, and Pharisees
Jason
His house is used as a refuge by Paul, Silas, and Timothy in Thessalonica. He was arrested when the authorities could locate neither Paul nor Silas, and was made to post bail.
Trophimus
His name means "foster-child," was an Ephesian who accompanied Paul during a part of his third missionary journey. He was with Paul in Jerusalem, and the Jews, supposing that the apostle had brought him with him into the temple, raised a tumult which resulted in Paul's imprisonment.
What is the basic overview of Luke?
Historical
What is the basic overview of Mark?
Historical
What is the basic overview of Matthew?
Historical
Sanctification
Holiness of the church, set apart
What did James and Jude write about? and Why?
Holiness, because they grew up around it. They had witnessed it first hand through Jesus.
Sacrament that is the rite of initiation for Christians
Holy Baptism
Paul's opponents seem to have argued that holiness comes from keeping the Torah. From what does Paul argue that holiness comes?
Holy Spirit
Third person of the Trinity; giver of Power, Guidance, and Understanding
Holy Spirit
"Some say John the baptist, others say Elijah, and other Jeremiah or one of the prophets"
How does Peter respond to Jesus' question "who do people say that the son of man is?"
The Synoptic Problem
How does one explain the wide-ranging agreements and disagreements among Matthew, Mark, and Luke?
twelve
How many disciples does Jesus initially call?
ten
How many lepers does Jesus heal?
one
How many lepers thanked Jesus?
Seven
How many men are chosen to serve the Hellenists windows?
None
How many people are allowed to speak in tongues during a worship surface?
In 1 Corinthians, Paul argues that God reveals God's power through
Human Weakness
John 10:7
I am the gate for the sheep
John 8:12
I am the light of the world
John 11:25
I am the resurrection and the life
What are three topics Paul adresses in 1 Thess?
Idleness Sexual Morality Death of believers before Christ's second coming
Talents
If you do not use your______ you will will lose it.
Ignatius
Ignatius was the bishop of Antioch, Syria in the early second century. He was arrested by the Roman authorities for Christian activities and sent to Rome in order to be thrown to the wild beasts in the area. On his journey to martyrdom, he wrote seven letters, which still survive. These letters are included among the writings of the Apostolic Fathers.
How do Exorcisms relate to the kingdom of God
Illustrate the war between God's kingdom and Satan's kingdom
Superapostles
In 2 Corinthians, a group of Paul's opponents who were rhetorically proficient and able to do spectacular deeds, who claimed that their remarkable abilities demonstrated that they, rather than Paul, were the true representatives of Christ
What is the evidence of Peter's conversion?
In Acts 10:48 when they asked Peter to stay
In English Bibles, Paul's letter to the Ephesians is addressed "to the saints who are in Ephesus and are faithful in Christ Jesus." Some of the oldest Greek manuscripts are missing a few of these words. Which are the missing words?
In Ephesus
Aeons
In Gnostic myth, divine beings who are offspring of the one true, unknowable God.
Sophia
In Gnostic mythology, the final (female) aeon who fell from the divine realm, leading to the birth of teh Demiurge, who then created the material world as a place to imprison her.
Ialdabaoth
In Gnostic texts, the name of the creator God (i.e. the demiurge)
Day of Atonement
In Hebrew, Yom Kippur, the one day of the year when the high priest was allowed to enter the Holy of Holies in the Temple, first to sacrifice an animal to atone for his own sins, and then another animal to atone for the sins of the people of Israel
Temple
In Pagan circles, a temple was any holy place devoted to one or more divine beings where sacrifices could be made in accordance with established religious principles. For Judaism there was only one legitimate Temple, the one in Jerusalem, an enormous complex that contained the holy sanctuary and, within it, the Holy of Holies, where God's presence on earth was believed to dwell.
In Revelations 1:9-10, John was in two places at once, where was he?
In Patmos and in the Spirit
Haruspex
In Roman Religion, a specially trained priest skilled int he practice of extispicy
Prophet
In ancient Israelite religion, a prophet was a person who delivered God's message to his people; eventually the term came to refer to writers who produced literary accounts of accounts of God's word (prophets such as Isaiah and Jeremiah). In Christian circles prophets were those who spoke God's message in the community's services of worship, possibly, on occasion, in a state of ecstasy
What happens in form criticism?
In form criticism, the material in the Gospels was broken down into isolated, independent units called pericopae for further study
Son of God
In most Greco-Roman circles, the designation of a person born to a god, able to perform miraculous deeds and/or to convey superhuman teachings; in Jewish circles, the designation of persons chosen to stand in a special relationship with the God of Israel, including the ancient Jewish Kings
Associations, Voluntary
In the Greco-Roman world, privately organized small group so people who shared common interests and met periodically to socialize, enjoy a common meal, and conduct business; two of the best-known types were trade associations (comprised of members of the same profession) and burial societies
resident aliens
In the Roman Empire, persons who took up permanent residence in a place that was not their original home and in which they did not enjoy the benefits of citizenship
philosophy
In the Roman world of the New Testament philosophy (which literally means "love of wisdom") involved trying to understand the world and humans' place in it, so as to promote individual happiness through proper behavior and right thinking. Leading philosophical schools at the time were the Epicureans, Platonists, Stoics, and Cynics
John 1:1
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God
Letter, spirit
In the context of talking about being ministers of the new covenant, Paul says that the _________ kills, but the _________ gives life.
Kingdom of God
In the teachings of Jesus, the Kingdom of God (or God's Reign) appears to refers to an actual Kingdom that will come to earth to replace the wicked kingdoms that are now in control of affairs, and of God's people, here. This would be a utopian Kingdom where truth, peace, and justice were restored; it would be ruled by God's anointed one (i.e., the messiah)
God becoming flesh, as in the birth of Jesus
Incarnation
What is in Mark (3)
Inclusio Intercalation Messianic Secret
How should interpreting the New Testament be done?
Interpreting the New Testament is essential and should be done within a framework that recognizes the uniqueness of Jesus, accepts the Bible as the Word of God, and acknowledges the real presence of God in human affairs
Explain narrative criticism
Interprets New Testament narratives as literary texts, using categories that are applied in interpreting all other forms of literature. Not concerned with sources, but with final product.
Jesus was aware though his life that he was fulfilling the prophecy from the Book of...?
Isaiah
John's writings shows that Jesus fulfills the hopes of who and who?
Israel, all humanity
What words does Jesus speak from the Cross in John's Gospel?
It is Finished
What can we say about the date John's Gospel was written?
It is difficult to date and it contains early eyewitness tradition, but was also compiled after a lengthy period of reflection
Where is the fact that Jesus is God incarnate in human flesh is found?
It is found in passages that a) emphasize his divine qualities, b) focus on Jesus as God's unique divine representatives; and c) show Jesus as the fulfillment of Israel's and all humanity's hopes
What is important in interpreting the biblical text?
It is important to consider which conditions are necessary to enter into the text, which methods are appropriate for analyzing it, and which aims shape out observation and application of our findings
What is the significance of Gen 12:1-3
It is the call of Abraham
What is the apparent situation being addressed by Hebrews? How does the letter make its case in that situation? How does this background help to explain the harshness of such passages as Hebrews 6:4-6
It makes it case -Emphasizes promise and fulfillment in God's work in Israel and through Christ. -Emphasizes that Jesus accomplishes what Israel doesn't -Emphasizes Jesus superiority and finality Harshness of Hebrews 6:4-6 -As long as the rejection of Christ continues one cannot truly repent. If you give up on Jesus there is no other way to God.
Place of Jesus's death
Jerusalem
Where did Jesus returned to for the Feast of Tabernacles, the Feast of Dedication, and Passover?
Jerusalem
Where was the issue of what salvation requires debated?
Jerusalem Council
Two cities Acts begins with and ends with
Jerusalem and Rome
Why did john focus on Judea rather than Galilee?
Jerusalem was the Central crossroads of the Middle East world
Name meaning "Savior"
Jesus
What word is used more than Christ in the Gospel John?
Jesus
Who does Paul's writings repeatedly ascribe messianic honor to?
Jesus
Who ends the Science between The Old and New Testament?
Jesus
How does John paint Christ?
Jesus as God
How does Matthew Paint Christ?
Jesus as a King
How does Luke Paint Christ?
Jesus as a Man
How does Mark Paint Christ?
Jesus as a Servant
What did Jesus believe and teach about our ultimate destiny?
Jesus believed and taught that our ultimate destiny depends on our relationship to God through him and on his evaluation of us
The letter, First John, begins by addressing a major issue in the early second generation of the Church. What was the issue?
Jesus came in the flesh, he was DIVINE and fully HUMAN.
What did Jesus come as primarily?
Jesus came primarily as a preacher-teacher who communicated his message so that people would be able to build their own knowledge base on his teachings and would also be challenged to apply the teachings to their lives
How did Jesus communicate his message?
Jesus communicated his message in a form similar to the rabbis of his day and used parables, illustrations, object lessons, contemporary proverbial sayings, and quotes from the Old Testament
Station 13
Jesus dies on the cross
What did Jesus emphasize about life and death?
Jesus emphasized that life does not end at death; the world will end someday at his second coming, which will be powerful, unexpected,glorious, personal, and visible
Station 12
Jesus entrusts Mary and John to each other (John 19:26-27)
The doctrine of preexistence refers to the idea that
Jesus existed before creation
Feeding the 5000
Jesus feeds 5000 people with a few pieces of bread and fish for passover. It shows he is divine. Jesus is a jew and has to celebrate passover too. It also shows he eats like you and me
A Roman Centurion
Jesus heals the servant if an important individual. What type of individual was he?
The Word
Jesus is called something unique in the first verses of the first chapter. What is it?
Station 3
Jesus is condemned by the Sanhedrin for blasphemy (Matthew 26:57-66)
Station 10
Jesus is crucified (Matthew 27:33-37)
Station 4
Jesus is denied by Peter (Matthew 26:69-75)
Station 8
Jesus is helped by Simon to carry His cross (Matthew 27:32)
Station 5
Jesus is judged by Pilate (Matthew 27:11-14; 24-26)
Where is Jesus' ministry linked to John the Baptist's
Jesus is linked with the ministry of John the Baptist in all of the Gospels
Station 6
Jesus is scourged and crowned with thorns (Matthew 27:27-29)
Theme of Colossians
Jesus is supreme over church, world... eternity
Theme of John
Jesus is the I AM the word of the father
Theme of Matthew
Jesus is the Messiah of Israel
Theme of Ephesians
Jesus is the head of the church
Theme of Luke
Jesus is the savior of the world
Theme of Mark
Jesus is the secret of the Kingdom
True Vine
Jesus is the source of life; we must remain attached to him
Why is Jesus unique?
Jesus is unique because he has a special relationship to God and to the human race and a special sense of mission here on earth
One idea that is unique to Hebrews is that
Jesus learned obedience and grew in faithfulness
What is a true disciple of Jesus?
Jesus made clear that a true disciple is one who follows in his footsteps.
Station 9
Jesus meets the women of Jerusalem (Luke 23:27-31) (found only Luke)
John and the Synoptics are different in that in John
Jesus ministry takes three years instead of one and Jesus washes the disciples feet instead of eating Passover
Station 1
Jesus praying in Gethsamane (Matthew 26:36-41)
Scholars find what statement to be evidence within the text for dating Mark after the destruction of the Jerusalem temple
Jesus predicts the destruction of the temple
When did Jesus present himself as the Messiah to the city of Jerusalem?
Jesus presented himself as the Messiah to the city of Jerusalem on the Sunday before Passover in April A.D. 30
Station 11
Jesus promises his kingdom to the repentant thief (Luke 23:39-43)
When did Jesus realize his special mission?
Jesus realized his special mission early in life, at least by the age of twelve
Lazarus
Jesus restores him to life four days after his death.
The Branches
Jesus states that he is the "true vine". What does he then go on to call his followers?
The Father
Jesus states that to see him is to see who?
What is the main point of the temptation narrative?
Jesus succeeds where Israel failed
Station 7
Jesus takes up His cross (Matthew 27:30-31)
What did Jesus teach about?
Jesus taught extensively about the kingdom of God and his own relationship to it as its proclaimer, embodiment, and fulfiller.
Parables
Jesus taught through these short metaphorical stories
Pray
Jesus tells a parable of two men, a Pharisee and a tax collector, what do they both do in the parable?
Stilling of the Storm
Jesus tells the storm to be calm. It shows Jesus has power over nature. Jesus is asleep before he is awaken. It shows that he is human and has to sleep.
Theme of Luke
Jesus the savior of the world
Father
Jesus told his followers to call God this
Jerusalem, Judea, The end of the earth, and Samaria
Jesus told the disciples that they would be his witnesses to these four geographical locations.
his hometown
Jesus was rejected in a particular place, as mark notes in the case with all the prophets. Where was he rejected?
Who was Jesus sent to before he was crucified?
Jesus was sent to Pilate, Herod Antipas, and back to PIlate before he was taken to Golgotha to be crucified.
Station 14
Jesus will be laid in the tomb (Matthew 27:57-61)
The creed jumps from ____ to ___
Jesus' birth to death
What was Jesus' chief objective?
Jesus' chief objective was to make God real in the lives of his people by stressing the love and concern of God instead of legal requirements.
All of the following material is unique to Luke's Gospel (3)
Jesus' childhood visit to Jerusalem The parable of the Prodigal Son Jesus' appearance on the road to Emmaus
Palm Sunday
Jesus' last entry into Jerusalem to celebrate passover with the Jews. Palm Sunday begins holy week.
How long did Jesus' ministry in Galilee last and how any events of it are recorded in the Gospels?
Jesus' ministry in Galilee lasted a year and a half, and more that seventy events from it are recorded in the Gospels.
The sabbath
Jesus' opponents bring charges against him for healing non what day?
The Christ Hymn in Philippians 2:6-11 is one of the earliest literary references to
Jesus' preexistence
James's letter, more than any other New Testament letter, quotes
Jesus' sayings
Beatitudes
Jesus' teachings about the meaning and path to true happiness; descriptions of the way to attain eternal blessedness, or holiness, to which God calls all of us
John the Baptist
Jesus's cousin (born of Elizabeth at old age), a messenger sent to prepare the way; baptized Jesus and pointed to him as the Messiah; preached repentance
What does John emphasize from a historical standpoint?
Jesus's words and works
The earliest preachers and hearers of the gospel were ethnically WHAT?
Jewish
Who are the "superapostles" mentioned in 2 Corinthians?
Jewish Christian ministers who challenged Paul's authority based on worldly standards
Who were the Judaizers and what was their big issue?
Jewish Christians who believed one must become Jewish to become a Christian.
Judas Maccabeus
Jewish Patriot who led the family responsible for spearheading the Maccabean revolt
AD 66 - 73
Jewish War with the Romans
Sheol
Jewish afterlife
Sanhedrin
Jewish council of 70 men
Synagogue
Jewish gathering place for worship
Caiaphas
Jewish high priest said to have been in charge of organizing the plot to kill Jesus
Caiaphas
Jewish high priest who felt Jesus should be put to death ("for the people, and that the whole nation perish not" John 11:50). He had no power to inflict death
Who brought the charges against Jesus to Pilate and Herod?
Jewish leaders
gematria
Jewish method of interpreting a word on the basis of the numerical value of its letters (in both Greek and Hebrew, the letters also serve as numerals)
Synagogue
Jewish place of worship and prayer, from a Greek word that literally means "being brought together."
Rabbi
Jewish teacher
matthews original audience was....?
Jews AFTER AD70
Define Diaspora to whom James wrote his letter.
Jews outside of palestine
Zealots
Jews who wanted to forcefully remove the Romans from Israel.
165 BC
Jews, lead by Judas Maccabeus, revolted against Syrian occupation; Maccabean Revolt
Lifting up "the son of Man"
John
Non-synoptic
John
Omniscent
John
Origin of Christ- God
John
Passion- Victorious, vanquishes enemies
John
Son of God
John
Spiritual Gospel
John
Symbol- Eagle
John
Unity- Love and Mission
John
Written parallel to Genesis
John
writes to the Jews
John
The Upper Room Discourse
John 14--17
Key Verse of John
John 20:31 "But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name
When does John emphasizes Jesus's human nature?
John emphasizes Jesus' human nature in many incidents including a) traveling with his mother and brothers; b) asking for a drink of water in Samaria; c) crossing the Sea of Galilee in a boat; d) spitting on the ground to make mud for the blind man's eyes; e) weeping over Lazarus's death; f) washing his disciples' feet; and g) dying and being buried
who wrote mark and for who?
John mark wrote it for the roman christians
Who was noted as believe in Christ?
John notes many people who believe in Christ, starting with John the Baptist.
What principle does John represent in his Gospel?
John represents the principle of faith in his Gospel and makes clear that only those who believe in Christ will receive the gift of eternal life
Peter
Leader of the disciples
Peter
Leader of the disciples; Fisherman from Galilee; Known as Simon Peter; Acts 1-9
Describe the leading features of the book of Reveation. In light of these features, what approach to the interpretation of the book appears most in keeping with the book's nature? What key ideas emerge from the book, and how do they address the circumstances of the church, then and now?
Leading Features: -Tribulation - trouble/presence -Kingdom of God Proper Approach to Interpretation -Preterist and Idealist Key Ideas: -God is in control through Christ -God is overcoming the evil age by taking on suffering in Christ -Christ has the authority to enact God's work in the world. -Assurance of fulfillment -God is in control in the beginning and victorious in the end. Addressing Circumstances: -Persecution -Problem of Evil -Totality of the bible dealing with the reality of suffering
Judas of Galilee
Led a violent resistance to the census imposed for Roman tax purposes around AD 6.
Archippus
Left in charge of Church of Colossae
Demiurge
Literally "maker", a term used in Gnostic texts to designate the powerful (but inferior) deitiy that created the world
Antitheses
Literally, "contrary statements," used as a technical term to designate six sayings of Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount (Matt 5:21-48), in which he states a Jewish law ("You have heard it said...") and then sets his own interpretation over it ("But I say to you...")
Pentateuch
Literally, the "five scrolls" in Greek, a term used to designate the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, also known as the Torah or the Law of Moses
Scribes, Christian
Literate Christians responsible for copying sacred scripture
Dead Sea Scrolls
Literature found in caves containing all of the OT books except Esther
Christology-work of Christ
Luke
Gospel that emphasizes Jesus' interactions with women, poor people, and outcasts
Luke
Holy Spirit
Luke
Jesus and prayer
Luke
Joy&Peace
Luke
L, Mark, Q
Luke
Parable of the Good Samaritan is where?
Luke
Passion: forgiveness, peace, acceptance, love
Luke
Symbol- ox
Luke
Travel Narrative
Luke
Typical biography
Luke
What gospel promises God will clothe his disciples with the Holy Spirit
Luke
Where are the stories of how Mary and Elizabeth saw angel visions?
Luke
Who wrote Acts
Luke
birth of john is found where?
Luke
Parable of the Prodigal Son
Luke 15
Key Verse of Luke
Luke 19:10 --> "for the Son of Man has come to seek and to save that which was lost"
What does Luke discuss in Acts
Luke discusses Jesus' legacy in h leaving his own personal testimony, in his leaving standing orders, and in the recounting of Jesus' ascension
What does Luke narrate in Acts?
Luke narrates the development, discussion, and dissension surrounding the spread of the early preaching of Christ.
what books did Luke write?
Luke to the gentiles and acts to the greek upper class
Theophilus
Luke-Acts is dedicated to this person, who either was a real person, or a translation of "friend or lover of God"
According to the book of Acts, Paul's first convert in Philippi was
Lydia
City Paul met Timothy
Lystra
The first Gentiles who worshiped the Christ child, they were led by a star
Magi
Temple
Main Jewish worship center in Jerusalem
Greek
Main culture from which Hellenism spreads
The emphasis on the priority of Mark is called the WHAT?
Marcan Hypothesis
The Christians who lived in the second century created a canon that consisted of the Gospel of Luke and a collection of Paul's Letters
Marcion
About 90 percent of the material from what other Gospel is also found in Matthew
Mark
According to the Majority of Scholars, which Gospel was most likely written first
Mark
Framed the disciples in a bad light
Mark
Jesus announcement by John the Baptist is in which Gospel
Mark
Jesus preaches the kingdom
Mark
Latin-isms
Mark
Learning through the disciples (diadactic); what NOT to do
Mark
Lion as symbol
Mark
Messianic Secret
Mark
Poorly written; redundancies; "and immediately"
Mark
Power of a name (Epiphenic Explanation)
Mark
Q as main source; strung pearls together
Mark
Structure- Sandwiches the stories together
Mark
The shortest gospel, probably the first to be written
Mark
What is 92% of what gospel is almost word for word as Matthew?
Mark
writes to gentile Christians
Mark
What does the Farrer Hypothesis suggest about the relation of the synoptic gospels
Mark First Matthew uses Mark Luke uses both Mark and Matthew
what books before Fall of Jerusalem?
Mark and Luke
What does the two-source hypothesis suggest about the relation of the synoptic gospels
Mark first Matthew and Luke used Mark and Q
Markan Priority
Mark was written first, and Matthew, Luke (and John) follow
Four Source Hypothesis
Mark, Q, M, L
Apostle to the apostles, present at the empty tomb in all the gospel accounts.
Mary Magdalene
Jesus
Mathew's genealogy begins with Abraham and ends with Jesus. With whom does Luke's genealogy of Jesus begin?
3's and 14
Matthew
Delay of the Parasia
Matthew
Discipleship- "follow"
Matthew
Fullfillment
Matthew
Kingdom of Heaven
Matthew
New Moses
Matthew
Passion- Dark, mocked, abandoned
Matthew
Prologue, 5 books, Epilogue
Matthew
Source: Q; Mark
Matthew
Which Gospel refers to "the Church" Twice?
Matthew
Writing to Church in transition
Matthew
person; teacher as his symbol
Matthew
where is the story of the Wisemen found?
Matthew
where is the sermon on the mount?
Matthew 5,6,7
Sermon on the Mount
Matthew 5-7
the "Griesbach Hypothesis" argues
Matthew was written first, Luke used Matthew, then Mark used Matthew and Luke
What best describes the difference between Matthew's portrayal of Jesus and Mark's portrayal of Jesus
Matthew's Jesus has fewer moments of human frailty
Synoptic Gospels
Matthew, Mark, Luke
Four Gospels
Matthew, Mark, Luke, John
What are the books in the Gospels Sections?
Matthew, Mark, Luke, John
What are the Synoptic Gospels
Matthew, Mark, and Luke
80 AD
Matthew; Luke
In contrast to Paul, the opponents claim that the "good news" to the Gentiles is that they can become
Members of Israel
Secessionists
Members of the Johannine community who, according to the author of 1 John, had "seceded" the community to form a community of their own. 1 John, which calls these people "antichrists" suggests that they had adopted a docetic Christology, now allowing that Christ was fully human
Hebrew for Anointed One, Chosen One, or Christ
Messiah
The four gospels are compilations of (3)
Miracle stories Ressurection Narratives Parables
Hebrews demonstrating Jesus as superior to Moses
Moses was a faithful servant in God's House
What philosophical movements ave influenced modern critical methods?
Neo-Kantinism, phenomenology, and existentialism
AD 54 - 68
Nero
Early Christians suffered great persecution under the reigns of the emperors who and who?
Nero, Domitian
beloved disciple
Nickname for the "disciple whom Jesus loved" in the Gospel of John, who plays a prominent role in the passion narrative but is never named. Older tradition identified him as John the son of Zebedee and claimed that it was he who wrote the Gospel.
What was the primary purpose of the Gospel John?
Not to show what Christ did, but to tell who Jesus was
Septuagint
OT translated from Hebrew to Greek
Jesus was able to teach and get his points across because everyone understood the WHAT?
Old Testament
In 2 Corinthians, Paul's relationship with the churches in Corinth is best described as
On the rocks and troubled
Dissimilarity, Criterion of
One of the criteria commonly used by scholars to establish historically reliable material; the criterion maintains that if a saying or deed of Jesus does not coincide with (or works against) the agenda of the early Christians, it is more likely to be authenitic
Independent Attestation, Criterion of
One of the criteria commonly used by scholars to establish historically reliable material; which respects to the historical Jesus, the criterion maintains that if a saying or deed of Jesus is attested independently by more than one source, it is more likely to be authentic
Contextual Credibility, Criterion of
One of the criteria commonly used by scholars to establish historically reliable material; with respect to the historical Jesus, the Criterion maintains that if a saying or deed of Jesus cannot be credibly fit into his own first-century Palestinian context, then it cannot be regarded as authentic
Barnabas
One of the early Jewish converts (a Levite) , who traveled with Paul, and was influential at the church in Antioch.
Clement of Rome
One of the early leaders ("bishops") of the church of Rome, around 95 c.e., who is the dational author of the noncanonical book 1 Clement
Lucius of Cyrene
One of the founders of the Christian Church in Antioch.
Andrew
One of the twelve disciples of Jesus. He was convinced that Jesus was the Messiah and he brought his brother, Simon Peter, to him.
Cleopas
One of the two disciples who encountered Jesus during the Road to Emmaus appearance in the Gospel of Luke 24:13-32.
Participationist Method
One of the two principal ways that Paul understood or conceptualized the relationship between Christ's death and salvation. This model understood sin to be a cosmic force that enslaved people; salvation (liberation from bondage) came by participating in Christ's death through baptism
Mary Magdalene
One of the women associated with Jesus during his ministry. Jesus healed her of many demons.
What was the name of the slave Paul asked Philemon to free?
Onesimus: the name means useful, which is ironic due to his previous "usefulness" as a slave.
High Priest
Only person permitted to enter the Most Holy Place
Shema
Opening of worship services in the synagogue. The first two words of the Old Testament
What were the two types of law in Jesus' time?
Oral and Written
What do the other Gospels emphasize that John doesn't, and what does John emphasizes the importance of?
Others emphasize historical incidents, John emphasizes the importance of Evangelism
Who was Epaphroditus?
Pastor of Philippians
Artemis
Patron saint of Ephesus whose followers supported this deity publicly
Apostle to the Gentiles; wrote most of the Epistles in the NT
Paul
In 2 Corinthians, who says "be imitators of me"?
Paul
Who is the central figure in Acts 13-28?
Paul
second half of ACTS character focus
Paul
Governing Authorities
Paul admonished Christians to submit to all ________.
The first missionary journey was made by who and who?
Paul and Barnabas
The Acts of the Apostles focus on which two apostles?
Paul and Peter
Who were the two men who founded the Philippian church?
Paul and Timothy
What did Paul believe about the Old Testament?
Paul believed that the old Testament has application for all persons, yet condemned legalism
Man sleeping with father's wife. Dedliver him to Satan.
Paul describes a sexual situation among the Corinthian believers that is unacceptable. What is it? What does Paul admonish the Corinthian church to do about it?
What is the basis for Paul's apostleship -- his claim to have been personally sent by Jesus?
Paul met the resurrected Lord Jesus in a vision
Jesus is lord, believe
Paul notes that if you confess that _______ ____ ____ and ______ in your heart that Jesus was alive you would be saved.
Body with many members
Paul notes that the people of God are like a _____.
Christ
Paul states that he would rather be "cut off from ________" for the sake of his people, the Israelites.
What did Paul teach about the gospel?
Paul taught that gospel transforms believers' personal behavior and corporate identity.
Faithful sayings in the Pastorals
Paul uses expressions of "faithful/trustworthy sayings," and these sound like they are liturgical or catechetical. He was probably using popular sayings in order to clearly, aptly present doctrine good for pastors/leaders to use in teaching the church. These sayings had good orthodoxy and orthopraxy.
Paul's Biography Name
Paul was a Hellenistic, Diaspora Jew
Where was Paul imprisoned and who heard his case?
Paul was imprisoned in Caesarea and his case was heard by Felix, Festus, and Herod Agrippa II, he appealed to Caesar and was sent to Rome
How was Paul educated?
Paul was well educated and understood Judaism thoroughly, having studied under he leading rabbi, Gamaliel I
Paul uses many arguments to convince Philemon to do him a favor. Name 1
Paul will pay the debt Onesimus owes
Which were probably the first and last epistles that Paul wrote?
Paul's 1st: Galatians Paul's Last: 2 Timothy
Timothy and Titus were
Paul's emissaries
What is Paul's Epistles?
Paul's letters to churches
What is Paul's theology closely intertwined with what?
Paul's theology is closely intertwined with his distinctive ethics and eschatology
"Shalom" in Hebrew. How Jesus greeted his friends after the resurrection
Peace be with you.
Holiday celebrating the gift of the Holy Spirit. The room was filled with wind and fire.
Pentecost
Communitas
People living and or working together, sharing the same values, for the same goal
Scribes
People trained to write using the earliest forms of writing before literacy was widespread.
What was the historical background for John's situation reflected in the Apocalyptic book?
Perscution under Domitian during the AD 90s
Paul
Persecuted the early followers of Jesus before converting to Christianity and becoming an instrumental missionary and writer.
Most scholars think Revelation was written under Domitian around 95 CE, even though
Persecution of Christians was not widespread under Domitian
538 BC
Persian Conquest of Babylon
Aeneas who had been paralyzed for eight years was healed by who?
Peter
Leader of the disciples. He denied knowing Jesus 3 times
Peter
Who was the person who announced the gospel of Jesus the Messiah at Pentecost?
Peter
Two Major Apostles in Acts
Peter and Paul
What did Peter learn from his contact with Cornelius?
Peter learned that Jewish customs forbidding contact with Gentiles were inconsistent with following Christ
What is the contrast between Cornelius and Peter?
Peter responds with Questioning Obedience while Cornelius responds with unquestioning obedience
"The Acts of Peter and Paul"
Peter was prominent in the beginning of Acts and Paul was prominent in the second part of Acts
Name means "Separated Ones"; They believed in keeping the Law perfectly
Pharisees
What were the two prominent religious leaders in Jesus' time?
Pharisees Sadducees
4 BC - AD 34
Philip
Who was among the first to take the gospel outside Jerusalem?
Philip
Why is Philip significant?
Philip is significant because he is among the first to take the gospel outside Jerusalem (to Samaria)
For me to live is CHRIST and to die is GAIN.
Philippans 1:21-If Christ isn't first we have nothing to gain.
Stoics
Philosophers that believe that the world was controlled by Absolute Purpose
Epicureans
Philosophers who claim that there is neither purpose nor design in the universe
Qumran
Place near the northwest shore of the Dead Sea, where the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered in 1946, evidently home of the group of Essenes who had used the scrolls as part of their library
What three things are examples of Mark's focus on the human portrayal of Jesus (3)
Portraying Jesus as not knowing everything Showing Jesus with a full range of emotion Mentoring Jesus' hunger and tiredness
Bartholomew
Possibly Nathaniel. Also may have lead missionary journeys to India.
Jude
Possibly the son of James.
The holy Spirit gave the Christians Understanding, Guidance, and ______.
Power
Conversation with God; Jesus says do this in secret
Prayer
What was the belief about the Gospels before the seventeenth century?
Prior to the seventeenth century, the Gospels were widely believed to be inspired by God and therefore true and binding for all persons
Which were written first, the prison or pastoral epistles?
Prison
Seneca
Probably the greatest Roman philosopher of the second half of the first century C.E. and tutor to the young Nero, later thought to have entered into a prolonged correspondence with the apostle Paul
The problem is 1.____ by all; the solution is 2._____ by 3.______; the result is 4.______ by Grace; the evidence is sanctification by the 5.______.
Problem is SIN (Romans 1:19-3:20) Solution is justification by FAITH (Romans 3:21-8:17) REDEMPTION (Romans 8:18) Sanctification by the SPIRIT (Romans 12:1-15:13)
What three things is Christ revealed as?
Prophet, Priest, King
Hebrews demonstrating Jesus as superior to the prophets
Prophets serves the Lord
Recently there has been a renewed interest in the analysis of WHAT, the verses that Matthew and Luke but not Mark, have in common?
Q
Similar material found in Matthew and Luke but not in Mark is called
Q
What is "Q"
Q is the unknown source that both Matthew and Luke consulted. We know there is a Q because there is similar content that both Matthew and Luke share that was not included in Mark. Q could be one source or a group of sources
The sermon on the Mount in Matthew and the sermon on the plain in Luke likely come from _____
Q material
People have been unfaithful to God and destroyed the relationship between humanity and God. Jesus repairs this relationship. This is called
Reconciliation
Nero
Roman Emperor from 54 to 68. It was under his reign that both Peter and Paul were allegedly martyred in Rome, as part of his persecution of Christians for the fire that destroyed much of the city (the Roman historian Tacitus indicates that Nero himself was responsible for the fire)
Pliny the Younger
Roman aristocrat who ruled the province of Bithynia-Pontus in the early second century C.E., and whose correspondence with the emperor Trajan contains the earliest reference to Christ in a pagan source
Pontius Pilate
Roman aristocrat who served as the governor of Judea from 26-36ce and who was responsible for ordering Jesus' crucifixion
who conquered Jerusalem in 63bc?
Roman conquest: general pompey conquered
Pax Romana
Roman emperor
Marcus Aurelius
Roman emperor from 161 to 80 c.e., best known for his writings of Stoic philosophy, but known in Christian sources for ruling when some of the most violent persecutions against Christians occurred.
Constantine
Roman emperor in the early fourth century, the first emperor to convert to Christianity. Constantine's conversion played a highly significant role in the spread of Christianity, as it moved from being a persecuted minority religion to becoming the powerful majority religion of the entire empire
Tacitus
Roman historian of the early second century c.e. whose multivolume work of The Annals of Rome provides substantial information about Roman history from the beginning down to his own time.
AD 70
Roman's destroy Temple in Jerusalem
Undisputed Pauline Letters
Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, and Philemon - letters that scholars overwhelmingly judge to be have been written by Paul
Undisputed Pauline Epistles
Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Glaatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, and Philemon - letters that scholars overwhelmingly judge to have been written by Paula.
What are the books in Paul's Epistles?
Romans, 1&2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, Colossians, 1&2 Thessalonians, 1&2 Titus, Philemon
What are the undisputed letters of Paul? (6)
Romans, Corinthians, Galatians, Phillipians, 1 Thessalonians, and Philemon
Capital of the Empire that ruled the holy land when Jesus lived
Rome
Map Left to Right
Rome, Thessalonica, Phillipi Corinth, Athens, Ephesus, Tarsus Ceasera, Samaria, Jerusalem
Jesus often taught by quoting _______.
Scripture
What is necessary, besides the Holy Spirit, for the understanding of sound doctrine and the resistance of false teaching and the seduction of the church by the world?
Scripture
Essenes
Secretive, ascetic, extreme separatist Jews
Court of Israel
Section of the Jewish temple accessible by Jewish men
Court of Women
Section of the Jewish temple accessible by Jewish women
Court of the Gentiles
Section of the Jewish temple accessible by everyone
Elder
See Presbyter: From a Greek word that literally means "elder." The term came to apply not only to older men, but in particular to the leader of the Christian churches who were principally in charge of spiritual (as opposed to material) affairs (contrast "deacon"); eventually the lead presbyter came to be known as the "overseer" (i.e. the bishop)
Law
See Torah: A Hebrew word that means "guidance" or "direction," but that is usually translated "law." As a technical term it designates either the Law of God given to Moses or the first five books of the Jewish Bible that Moses was traditionally thought to have written - Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy
Priscilla
She lived, worked, and traveled with the Apostle Paul, along with her husband, Aquila.
Junia
She was a relative and fellow prisoner of Saint Paul, and had become a follower of Jesus Christ before Saint Paul's, Damascus Road, conversion. Probably the husband of Andronicus.
Martha
She welcomed Jesus into her home, but was busy with chores. She was the sister of Lazarus and Mary.
Jesus said he was the good ____.
Shepherd
The first people to see the Christ child, they were sent by angels.
Shepherds
Mary of Bethany
Sister to Martha and Lazarus. She sat at Jesus' feet.
What are the postures of the Christian disciple as presented in Ephesians?
Sit- 2:6, Walk- 5:2, Stand-6:14
Temple Mount
Site of the 1st & 2nd Jewish Temples, where Abraham was going to sacrifice Isaac, currently is Dome of the Rock
Explain the situation adressed by the letter to Philemon. Describe Paul's strategy for addressing the situation and persuading Philemon to act.
Situation addressed is Paul is writing to his fellow brother in the faith Philemon who is the slave owner of Onesimus who flled to Paul to plead to Philemon on Onesimus' behalf. Paul's strategy is to allow Philemon the opportunity to live out the faith he believes. He persuades Philemon to act by talking about himself as a prisoner, approving Onesimus' faith, reaffirming Philemon's position as a fellow worker in Christ, and sending Onesimus back carrying the letter that breaks down the barrier between slave and master.
What was the issue that the Jews were having?
Some Jews could not accept the fact that salvation was a free gift go God's grace; they insisted that to be acceptable to God it was necessary to establish one's righteousness through Jewish beliefs and customs
What are news methods of criticism?
Some newer methods of criticism are narrative criticism, reader-response theory, rhetorical criticism, and deconstructionism
Christians believe Jesus in God's ________.
Son
Herod Antipas
Son of Herod the Great, and ruler of Galilee from 4 to 39 ce; this is the Herod who exectued John the Baptist and who was involved with the trial of Jesus according to the Gospel of Luke (and the Gospel of Peter)
Jacob
Son of Isaac. God renewed the covenant with him and changed his name to Israel.
Key Phrase of Luke
Son of Man
What is the Important word in Luke?
Son of Man
What is the basic overview of John?
Spiritual
The Gospel of John is traditionally known as the
Spiritual Gospel
What is the New Testament often called?
Substance, and A love letter to man
The threes in James
Swift to hear slow to speak, and slow to become angry; A tongue is like a horse bitt, ship rutter, and like a spark
T/F - In Mark Jesus' parables are a way for him to talk about the Kingdom of God in ways only insiders will understand
T
T/F - Many of Luke's stories include parallel references to men and women to demonstrate that Jesus' words and deed apply to men and women alike
T
T/F - Outcasts and marginalized people are of special interest to Luke.
T
T/F - When scholars ecamine the Gospels to study the "Historical Jesus" they seek to understand how Jesus lived as a man in first-century Galilee apart from, or "behind", faith confessions that developed around him in early Christian belief
T
True or false: Judaizers believe that anyone who would follow Christ must become Jews by following the laws of Torah and keeping Jewish dietary laws and the practice of circumcision
T
True or false: Many scholars think Ephesians was written for widespread distribution among Christians churches, not just the church in Ephesus.
T
True or false: Revelation both constructs a sociopolitical critique of wealth and access and presents readers with the choice to worship God or the beast.
T
True or false: Scholars usually understand James as responding not to Paul's teachings but to a misunderstanding of Paul's teachings.
T
True or false: The New Perspective on Paul claims that Paul is less interested in combating "works righteousness" and more interested in the universal scope of the gospel.
T
Jesus told a parable about a master who gave these to 3 servants. One was afraid, hid his in the ground, and had it taken away
Talent
King
Talks of the Kingdom of Heaven, King of the Jews
In which hellenistic city was Paul born?
Tarsus
Act 2
Teaching of the cross and discipleship
Transfiguration
Temporary change so that one can abide in the presence of God
self-definition
Term used in the societal sciences to indicate the ways a social group understands itself in terms of the beliefs, rituals, practices, worldviews, shared experiences, and so on that bind it together as a group and that differentiate it from those who are not in the group
"We" Passages
Term used to describe a set of four passages in the book of Acts in which the author stops speaking in the third person about what Paul and his companions ("they") were doing, and speaks instead in the first person about what "we" were doing. Some scholars take these passages as evidence that the author of Luke-Acts was a companion of Paul; others believe that in these passages the author of Luke-Acts has utilized a travel narrative as a source (much as he utilized other sources, such as Mark and Q, for his Gospel).
In the letter to the Galatians, Paul is so upset he leaves out what basic part of the letter?
Thanksgiving
Antipas of Pergamon
The "faithful martyr" of Pergamon, "where Satan dwells".
Apollos
The Alexandrian Jewish Christian who was a helper of Paul in Corinth, and missionary to Ephesus.
"Some Acts of Some Apostles"
The Apostles performed miracles through the Holy Spirit, but only covers some of the acts of only a few of the Apostles
Who wrote the book of Acts and when?
The Book of Acts was written by Luke probably no later than the ear A.D. 60s
Who is Jesus
The Christ
In Corinthians the body of Christ refers to
The Christians in Corinth
What do 1 and 2 Thessalonians and 1 and 2 Peter have in common?
The Endtimes
Branches
The Gentiles are considered _________ that are grafted in to the people of God.
The early church associated 1, 2, and 3rd John with _____.
The Gospel of John
What are the themes of the Gospel of John?
The Gospel of John has many themes but all flow out of the basic truth that Jesus is a divine and human savior who was sent by God for us to believe in and follow
Synoptic Gospels
The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, which narrate so many of the same stories that they can be placed side by side in parallel columns and so "be seen together" (the literal meaning of synoptic)
Tiberius
The Gospels record that during his (probably the same as all of the Cesar references too) reign, Jesus of Nazareth preached and was executed. He is also mentioned when Luke tells that John the Baptist started his ministry in the 15th year of his reign.
Who is the audience of Luke?
The Greeks
What is the History Section about?
The History of the Church
"Acts of the Holy Spirit"
The Holy Spirit came at Pentecost and played an important role in the disciples
What is the emphasis of Luke?
The Humanity of Jesus
Caiaphas
The Jewish high priest at the time of Jesus' death.
Maccabean Revolt
The Jewish uprising against the Syrians and their king, Antiochus Epiphanes, starting in 167 bce, in protest against the forced imposition of Hellenistic culture and the proscription of Jewish practices such as circumcision
Who is the audience of Matthew?
The Jews
What is the primary source of information about Jesus from?
The New Testament Gospels provide the primary source of information about Jesus
Is the New Testament history or theology?
The New Testament is both history and theology simultaneously
What was matthews source to "prove" jesus was messiah?
The OLD testament
Esther
The OT book not found in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Also center of the celebration of Purim
Act 3
The Passion and the Resurrection
What event in the life of Jesus made the big difference in the faith of Jude and James?
The Resurrections
Cornelius
The Roman centurion who may have been the first Gentile convert to Christianity.
Pontius Pilate
The Roman governor of Judea. Although he found Jesus guilty of nothing, he sentenced him to death by crucifixion.
Caiaphas
The Roman-appointed Jewish high priest who is said to have organized the plot to kill Jesus, and is also said to have been involved in the trial of Jesus.
Who is the audience of Mark?
The Romans
Who destoryed the Temple and when?
The Romans in 70 CE
Antiochus Epiphanes
The Syrian monarch who attempted to force the Jews of Palestine to adopt Greek culture, leading to the Maccabean revolt in 167 bce
What is the emphasis of Matthew?
The Words of Jesus
What is the emphasis of Mark?
The Works of Jesus
Emperor Worship
The act of praising Roman rulers as gods
Scriptuo Continuo
The ancient practice of writing without using spaces to separate words
Matthias
The apostle chosen by the remaining eleven apostles to replace Judas Iscariot
Matthias the Apostle
The apostle chosen by the remaining eleven apostles to replace Judas Iscariot
John the Apostle
The apostle who Jesus loved,the writer of 5 NT books, and the brother of James.
Judas Iscariot
The apostle who betrayed Jesus.
Galilee
The area in which Jesus carried out most of his ministry
Explain Source Criticism
The attempt to discover the sources used by an author when he constructed a text
Hazzan
The attendant of the Synagogue
Luke
The author of Luke and Acts.
Mark
The author of Mark.
Matthew the Apostle
The author of one of the gospels, and a former tax collector.
Polytheism
The belief that there are many gods, a belief that lies at the heart of all of the ancient pagan religions
Monotheism
The belief that there is only one God (sometimes distinguished from "henothiesm" which acknowledges that other gods exist, but insists that only one is to be worshiped).
Which disciple unseats Peter and is presented as the disciple closest to Jesus in John's Gospel
The beloved disciple
Hymenaeus
The blasphemer who Paul, along with Alexander, told over to Satan, that they might learn not to blaspheme.
Resurrection
The bodily rising of Jesus from the dead, as he had foretold, on the third day after his death on the cross and burial in the tomb. By virtue of his resurrection, Christians have the hope of resurrection with Christ on the last day.
What image does Paul use to address the divisions in the Corinthian church?
The body
Aaron
The brother of Moses who served as Moses's mouthpiece
Paul encourages the Roman Christians to give money for a collection to be offered for
The care of the poor in Jerusalem
Feast of Tabernacles
The celebration remembering the Jews' wandering in the wilderness for 40 years
Nymphas
The church met in his or her house in Laodicea.
Who were the recipients of Luke and Acts
The church or "God-Lovers"
The new teaching mentioned in 2 Thessalonians (but not in 1 Thessalonians) concerns
The coming lawless one
Johannine Community
The community of CHristians in which the Gospel of John and the Johannine epistles were written. We do not know where the community was located, but we can reconstruct some of its history using the socio-historical method.
John the Baptist
The cousin of Jesus who called for repentance in the desert. He also baptized Jesus.
Barabbas
The criminal whom Pontius Pilate freed at the Passover feast in Jerusalem (instead of Jesus).
What is the cross?
The cross is the means and central symbol of the redemption of Christ won
In the Gospel of John what is God's good news?
The death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus
Justification by Faith
The doctrine found in Paul's letters (see Judicial Model), that a person is "made right" (justified) with God by trusting in the effects of Christ's death, rather than by doing the works prescribed by the Jewish Law
Two Ways
The doctrine found in the Didache and the Epistle of Barnabas that people must choose between two ways of living, the way of life (or light) and the way of death (or darkness)
Resurrection
The doctrine originally devised within circles of apocalyptic Judaism which maintained that at the end fo the present age those who had died would be brought back to life in order to face judgement: either torment for those opposed to God or reward for those who sided with God. The earliest Christians believed that Jesus had been raised, and concluded therefore that the end of the age had already begun (see First Fruits of the Resurrection). In Christian apocalyptic thought it was believed that the reward and punishments in the future resurrection would hinge on one's relationship to Christ, as either a believer or nonbeliever.
Atonement
The doctrine that indicates how a person who is condemned by sin can be placed in right standing before God by means of a sacrifice. In traditional Christian teaching, it is Christ's death that brings atonement
What were the critical common beliefs of the early Christians?
The early Christians held a variety of distinctive beliefs, but the critical common beliefs were Jesus' divine uniqueness and his saving death and resurrection
What philosophies did the early church have to deal with?
The early church had to deal with the influence of a variety of philosophies, especially Stoicism, Cynicism, and Skepticism
Joseph
The earthly father of Jesus.
Define eschatology
The end
Levites
The family branch of Judaism that can be priests
Zebedee
The father of James and John, and possibly the husband of Salome.
Alphaeus
The father of three of the Twelve Apostles, namely: Matthew Levi, James, Jude Thaddaeus.
Pontius Pilate
The fifth Prefect of the Roman province of Judaea. The judge at Jesus' trial and the man who authorized the Crucifixion of Jesus.
Farewell Disclosure
The final disclosure that Jesus delivers in the Gospel of John (and not in the synoptics), chaps 13-16 (sometimes thought to include Jesus' prayer of chapter 17 as well); this discourse may have been created by combining two different accounts of Jesus' last words to his discpiles before his arrest.
Augustus, Caesar (see Octavian)
The first Roman emperor, 27 bce-14ce. Octavion was the great nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar, and a great general who brought unity to Rome after it had experienced prolonged and bloody civil wars. Early in his reign OCtavian assumed the name "Casesar Augustus" which means something like "most revered emperor"
Annas
The first high priest under Roman rule
First missionary journey
The first missionary journey went from Syrian Antioch to Cyprus to Perga in Pamphylia to Galatia and back to Syrian Antioch
Peter the Apostle
The fisherman brother of Andrew. He also witnessed the Transfiguration.
Disciples
The followers of Jesus. There were 12
Talmud
The great collection of ancient Jewish traditions that comprises the Mishnah and the later commentaries of the Mishnah, called the Gemarah. There are two collections of the Talmud, one made in Palestine during the early fifth century c.e. and the other in Babylon perhaps a century later. The Babylonian Talmud is generally considered the most authoritative
Alexander The Great
The great military leader of Macedonia whose armies conquered much of the Eastern Mediterranean and who was responsible for the spread of Greek Culture (Hellenism) throughout the lands he conquered.
Annas
The high priest before whom Jesus was brought for judgment, prior to being brought before Pontius Pilate.
Ananias son of Nedebaios
The high priest who presided during the trial of Paul at Jerusalem and Caesarea
Zechariah
The husband of Elizabeth and the father of John the Baptist.
Apollyon
The king of tormenting locusts and the angel of the bottomless pit.
Greco-Roman World
The lands (and culture) around the Mediterranean from the time of Alexander the Great to the Emperor Constantine, roughly 300 bce to 300 ce
Chief Priests
The leaders of the priests in the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. Many of them would have been actively involved in the Sanhedrin; their ultimate leader was the high priest
James is called a "Catholic Epistle" because
The letter was adressed to the whole church
Deutero-Pauline Epistles
The letters of Ephesians, Colossians, and 2 Thessalonians, which have a "secondary" (Deutero) standing in the Pauline corpus because scholars debate whether they were written by Paul
Mercy Seat
The lid of the ark of the covenant
Elymas/Bar-Jesus
The magician who was struck blind by Paul, because of his opposition to Christian work.
Simon of Cyrene
The man who was forced to help carry jesus' cross to Golgotha.
John Mark
The missionary with Paul and Barnabas who was the center of a fight between the apostles.
Passover
The most important and widely celebrated annual festival of Jews in Roman times, commemorating the exodus from Egypt
Pharisees
The most influential Jewish sect who fiercely opposed Hellenization
Mary
The mother of Jesus.
Elizabeth
The mother of John the Baptist and the wife of Zacharias.
Theme of Hebrews
The new cov. of Jesus is the ultimate point of the old cov.
Vicarious Suffering
The notion that one person's suffering occurs int he place of or for the sake of another.
Autograph
The original manuscript of a literary text, from a Greek word meaning the "writing itself"
Holy of Holies
The perfect cube on top of the temple which only the high priest could enter
Theophilus
The person to whom "Luke" addressed both of his volumes, the Gospel and the book of Acts. Scholars debate whether Theophilus was a real person - possibly a highly placed Roman administrator - of whether the name was instead symbolic. It literally means either "beloved of God" or "Lover of God". If symbolic, it would refer to the Christian individuals or communities who were the author's intended audience.
Theophilus
The person to whom Luke and Acts are addressed.
Sexual immorality
The phrase "the body is the temple of the hold spirit" is typically used to prohibit one from tobacco and alcohol use. What is the actual context of this statement?
Pseudonymity
The practice of writing under a fictitious name, evident in a large number of pagan, Jewish, and Christian writings from antiquity
What did James suggest that was endorsed by Peter and Paul
The principle that Gentile Christians should forgo their won freedom in the interest of cultural sensitivity when this could be down without theological compromise
Atonement
The process by which Jesus Christ put right what sin put wrong. Christ's suffering and death are an atonement, a making amends, for sin.
Porcius Festus
The procurator of Judea from about AD 58 to 62, succeeding Antonius Felix. In the New Testament, the Apostle Paul had his final hearing before him, who wanted Paul to go to Jerusalem for trial; Paul appealed to the Emperor, and was deported to Rome.
Agabus
The prophet who may have been one of Jesus' seventy disciples. He prophesied about a famine and the capture of Paul by the Romans.
What is the purpose of interpreting the New Testament?
The purpose of interpretation of the New Testament should be to apply it to our lives, to lead us to worship God in the context of the church, and to equip us to share this knowledge with others
Philemon
The recipient of Philemon. His slave is mentioned as Onesimus in Colossians.
Equestrian
The second-highest socioeconomic class of ancient Rome (below Senator), comprising wealthy aristocrats
Sermon on the Mount
The sermon found only in Matthew 5-7, which preserves many of the best known sayings of Jesus (including Matthew's form of the Beatitudes, the antitheses, and the Lord's Prayer).
John portrays Jesus as what?
The servant is God
Malchus
The servant of the Jewish High Priest, Caiaphas, who had his ear cut off by Peter.
Herod Antipas
The son of Herod the Great who ruled over Galilee and Perea during the time of John the Baptist and Christ. He executed John because he had criticized his marriage to his brother's wife. He also was the Herod who sent Jesus back to Pilate.
Eseau and Jacob
The sons of Isaac and Rebecca
Q
The source used by both Matthew and Luke for the stories they share, principally saying, that are not found in Mark; from the German word Quelle, "source." The document no longer exists, but can be reconstructed on the basis of Matthew and Luke
Religio Licita
The special status of Judaism under Roman rule
Spiritual gifts
The spirit gives a variety of these to Christians
Hellenization
The spread of Greek language and culture (hellenism) throughout the Mediterranean, starting with the conquests of Alexander the Great.
What is the story of Jesus unique for?
The story of Jesus is uniquely supernatural; it challenges us to believe and commands us to follow him, and it teaches us that death is not the end but rather the beginning of a new existence
How many incidents of Jesus' childhood were recorded?
The story of Jesus' birth is presented in the Gospels, but only one incident about his childhood is recorded
Forgive
The story of the prodigal son was about God's willingness to ______ us if only we would come home freely
Explain Form Criticism
The study and classification of the literary patterns and typical features of text often with the aim of gaining an insight into the context which shaped them. This is an attempt to access a period of time before the sources were written-the oral period- and the setting in life
Redaction Criticism
The study of how authors modified or edited (i.e. redacted) their sources in view of their own bested interests and concerns
What is the significance of Isa 53:78 in Acts 8:30-33?
The suffering servant is eventually exulted and the eunuch identifies with the servant in hope of eventual exultation
Zacchaeus
The tax collector who climbed up in a tree to see Jesus, and who was converted after Jesus said he would come to his house.
Devil
The tempter of the Gospels.
How is the tone of 2 Thessalonians different from that of 1 Thessalonians?
The tone is sharper, more urgent
Septuagint
The translation of the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek, so named because of a tradition that seventy (Latin: septuaginta) Jewish scholars had produced it.
Septuagint
The translation of the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek, so named because of a tradition that seventy (latin: septuaginta) Jewsih scholars had produced it
Adoptionists
The view that Jesus was not divine, but flesh-and-blood human being who had been adopted at baptism to be God's son.
Markan Priority
The view that Mark was the first of the Synoptic Gospels to be written and was one of the sources used by Matthew and Luke
Does Theologia cruis or Theologiea gloriae reflect Paul's theology in the New Testament and how does this reflect on the Church as bearers of the "aroma of Christ?"
The way to glory is the way of the cross. The aroma of Christ is humiliy and suffering and it is generosity and grace, Paul's suffering is key to his argument we must live this Christian life with sincerity. We smell one way it may smell bad to some and good to others but we don't change.
Nain
The widow's son who Christ raised from the dead.
Herodias
The wife of Herod Philip II and then Herod Antipas. She had Salome request the head of John the Baptist after pleasing her step-father, Antipas, with a dance.
Mary Magdalene
The woman who first sees a resurrected Jesus at his tomb. She is present also present at the foot of Jesus' cross and she accompanies Joseph of Arimathea in taking Jesus' body to the tomb. She is present in Mark, Matthew, and John but NOT Luke.
How does Powell describe Luke's ultimate interest in writing Acts
Theological
What are the Genre of the Gospels
Theological Ancient Biographies
What is the Genre of Acts
Theological Historical Account
How many criteria were used to find the authentic words of Jesus?
There are over 25 criteria used to find authentic words of Jesus
What is a method of Gospel interpretation that is agreed upon?
There is currently no one method of Gospels interpretation on which scholars agree
Levites
These were assistants to the priests in the temple and descendants of the tribe of Levi.
Euodia and Syntyche
These women argued with each other at Philippi.
What are the differences in the Gospels?
They all paint Christ in a different way
What makes the General Epistles "General"
They are circular letters, not addressed to a specific person or church
Why did the book of Hebrews include a long list of faithful people who dies before they saw all that was promised? What was the problem for Jewish believers..What were they dealing with?
They wanted to go back to being Jewish. They were under extreme persecution from both jews and gentiles, and they weren't seeing promises fulfilled.
What was the Corinthian problem with Spiritual gifts?
They were a competitive culture who used their spiritual gifts to build up the self as opposed to building up the body.
Pharisees
They were at various times a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews. They practiced adherence to the laws and traditions of the Jewish people in the face of assimilation.
Araphel
Thick darkness, chaos, anguishes of life
The current attempt to reconstruct a historical portrait of Jesus is called the WHAT?
Third Quest
Messianic Secret
This is a technical term used for one of the intriguing literary features of the Gospel of Mark, which is that even though Jesus is shown to be the Messiah, he tries to keep his identity a secret (e.g., by silencing those who recognize him and by hushing up the reports of his miracles)
Demythologizing
This is the term used by Bultmann and his disciples to describe the process of "peeling back" the elements of a first-century Jewish (apocalyptic) worldview that are no longer applicable or meaningful for contemporary people. The process of demythologizing yields a contemporary existential interpretation of the gospels. Such as the incarnation and deity of Christ
Sea of Galilee
This lake was only 12 miles long and 5-6 miles wide. It was known also as The Gennesaret and The Tiberias. Because of the mountains around the lake it was known for its sudden and violent storms. The disciples were called here and Jesus spoke to the multitudes from here. Jesus stilled the storm and walked on the waves here.
Disciple who doubted Jesus' resurrection
Thomas
In John's Gospel, the world refers to
Those who oppose Jesus and his followers
In response to those among the believers in Thessalonica who have no desire to work, Paul tries
Threatening them with excommunication Giving them an example of full-time work Counseling believers to take away their food
Sea of Galilee, Sea of Tiberias, Lake of Gennesaret
Three names for the "Sea" of Galilee
Priscilla, Aquila, and Apollos
Three significant leaders in the church of Ephesus.
How did Jesus fulfill and redesign the role of the Son of Man?
Through his suffering and death he established God's kingdom
AD 14 - 37
Tiberius Casear
Babylonian Tradition
Tradition from which astrology was derived
The fact that there is unity and diversity within the Divine Being eventually produced the Christian doctrine of the WHAT?
Trinity
Apokalypsis
Uncovering, unveiling, or revelation
The Holy Spirit gave the Christians Power, Guidance, and _________.
Understanding
Philemon is counted in which category of Pauline letters?
Undisputed
Apocalypse means
Unveiling
Evidence of Luke being an historian
Use of historical datelines
Define Traditional Usage
Used in a variety of communities
Nag Hammadi
Villiage in upper (southern) Egypt, near the place where a collection of Gnostic writings, including the Gospel of Thomas, were discovered in 1945
Titus
Was with Paul and Barnabas at Antioch and accompanied them to the Council of Jerusalem, although his name doesn't occur in Acts.
In 2 Corinthians, Paul argues that he is a better apostle than the superapostles because he has more:
Weaknesses
Hospitality
Welcoming acceptance of strangers; means our welcoming acceptance of other people and also God's welcoming acceptance of us
Go therefore, and make disciples of all nations...baptizing them...teaching them
What are the words from Mathew that form a significant aspect of CBU's mission?
Baptism
What cleansing ritual does Jesus subject himself to at the hand of his cousin, John?
What was the key debate/question of the early church?
What do Gentiles have to do to become a part of the church?
Angels
What do the reapers symbolize in the parable of the tares of the field?
Children of the Wicked One
What do the tares symbolize in the parable of the tares of the field?
Satan
What does Jesus call Peter that he does not call anyone else?
To give away his wealth and follow him
What does Jesus tell the rich ruler that the path to salvation is?
A preacher??
What does Paul call himself at the beginning of 1 Corinthians?
A donkey
What does he ride?
Son of Man
What does the Man which sowed good seed in his field symbolize in the parable of the tares of the field?
The World
What does the field symbolize in the parable of the tares of the field?
Children of the Kingdom
What does the wheat symbolize in the parable of the tares of the field?
Jesus was Strengthened for his coming ordeal. Peter, James and John received the priesthood keys
What happened on the "Mount of Transfiguration"?
The coming of the Holy spirit
What happens at Pentecost that fulfills old testament prophecy?
Washing their feet
What is Jesus doing to all of the disciples that Peter initially protests?
Paul
What is Saul's new name?
half of material is unique
What is distinctive about the Gospel of Luke?
centrality of the cross
What is distinctive about the Gospel of Mark?
only Gospel to mention the church
What is distinctive about the Gospel of Matthew?
Jesus' second coming
What is it that no man, including Jesus, knows?
Love
What is patient, kind, and does not envy?
Christian views of Resurrection
What is resurrection to Christians? - Life after "Life after death" - Reversal / defeat of death - Restoration of the body of life When is resurrection? - Split in two: Christ first, believers at end Relation to Messiah? - Because of Jesus' resurrection, they connected - Resurrection with Messiah
Jewish beliefs on the resurrection
What is resurrection to the Jews? - Life after "life after death" - Reversal / defeat of death - Restoration of body to life When is resurrection? - Hasn't happened yet; will happen all at once Relation to Messiah? - No expectation of Messiah being resurrected
Passover
What is the feast toward the end of Mark during which time the Jewish leaders seek to arrest Mark?
Moses and Elijah
What two old testament figures does Jesus speak with at his transfiguration?
Fig
What type of tree does Jesus curse for having no fruit?
A Painful one
What type of visit to the Corinthians did Paul determine he would not make again?
Peter
Which disciple preaches at Pentecost?
Governing Authorities
Who "carries the sword", according to Paul?
Zachariah and Elizabeth
Who are John the Baptist's father and Mother?
Three Questions in Mark's Gospel
Who is Jesus, What did He do, How did He do it
Paul
Who is converted on the road to Damascus?
Barnabas
Who is the disciple that comes along side of Saul after his conversion and acts as his liaison?
Judas
Who is the disciple that will betray Jesus?
The Devil
Who is the enemy that sowed tares among the wheat?
Stephen
Who is the first martyr in the book of Acts?
John the Baptist
Who says they are not the Christ in John 1-12?
Ananias
Who was sent to minister to Saul after he was blinded?
What is the new commandment John presents in First John?
Whoever loves God, loves one another.
They had no faith?
Why could the disciples not cast the demon out of the young boy that Jesus liberates?
To show his power
Why did God harden the Pharaoh's Heart.?
To see whether they are in the faith
Why did Paul want the Corinthians to examine themselves?
Immediately after his baptism, Jesus was tempted in the ______.
Wilderness
Two signs of the presence of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost
Wind and Fire
The letter of James has a lot in common with what other kind of literature?
Wisdom Literature
Bread and Fish
With what did Jesus feed 4000 people in Mark?
Stoics
World soul, which all persons were a part
Which best describes the date composition of 1 Corinthians?
Written between 53 and 57 from Ephesus
2 John
Written to "the chosen lady"; Author: John
Jude
Written to "those who have been called"; Author: Jude
3 John
Written to Gaius; Author: John
James
Written to Jewish Christians in the Diaspora; Author: James, half brother of Jesus
1 John
Written to a church; Author: John
Hebrews
Written to a small, Jewish-Christian church; Author: Unknown
Parable of the Ten Virgins
You must always be prepared for the final judgment entering God's Kingdom requiresfaith but also action. Love is faith in action. Bridegroom = Christ Virgins = Church Wise Virgins = devoted, worthy, prepared disciples Foolish Virgins = Lukewarm and unworthy disciples
Philemon
a Christians slave owner whom Paul himself converted
Israelite
a Hebrew member of the ancient Israelite kingdom
Rabbi
a Hebrew title of respect for a Jewish scholar or teacher
Aramaic
a Semitic language similar to Hebrew that was the native tongue for Jesus and many other Jews living in Palestine during the New Testament period
Sabbath
a day of rest and worship: Sunday for most Christians
Define Inspiration
a derivative of the criteria (does it fit all other categories)
Jew
a descendant of the ancient Hebrews, the founders of the religion of Judaism: also, any person whose religion is Judaism
What view did Paul hold of Christ?
a high view not only because of his divine identity but because he is an expression of God's concern for sinners
inclusio
a literary device according to which parallel expressions are used at the beginning and ending of a literary unit
intercalation
a literary device in which one story or narrative is inserted into the middle of another
Two-Source Hypothesis
a majority proposal that offers one solution to the Synoptic Puzzle: Mark was written first, then Matthew used Mark, Q, and M (oral source of Matthew), and Luke was written
Lazarus
a man who Jesus raised from the dead, even though he'd been buried for three days. A symbol of Jesus's power and of possibilities.
Farrer Theory
a minority proposal that offers one solution to the Synoptic Puzzle: Mark was written first, then Matthew used Mark, then Luke used both Mark and Matthew
Two-Gospel Hypothesis (Greisbach)
a minority proposal that offers one solution to the Synoptic Puzzle: Matthew was written first, Luke used Matthew, and Mark used both Matthew and Luke
Jehovah
a name for the God of the Old Testament as transliterated from the Hebrew consonants YHVH
Israelite
a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties
Bethesda
a pool at Jerusalem where the sick gathered, hoping to be cured, place where Jesus cured an infirm man
Intercessory Prayer
a prayer form in which you ask God's help for other people's needs; also called intercession. , a prayer form in which you ask God's help for other people's needs; also called intercession.
Sadducees
a priestly aristocracy in Judea, they had control of the temple which made them powerful until A.D. 70 when the temple was destroyed
apocalypticism
a religious perspective that typically offers a pessimistic forecast for the world at large, combined with an optimistic outlook for a favored remnant, who will be rescued out of the evil world through some imminent act of divine intervention
Sanhedrin
a ruling body of the Jewish people during the time of Roman occupation; composed of the high priest, chief priests, and other powerful Jewish leaders
Parable
a simple story that illustrates a moral or religious lesson
Phylactery
a small case containing text of scripture worn on the forehead or left arm by pious Jews in obedience to Exodus 13:9, 16 and Deuteronomy 6:8, 11:18
Faith
a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny
Messianic secret
a term employed in biblical studies to describe the motif in Mark's Gospel according to which Jesus' identity appears to be intentionally shrouded in mystery
deuterocanonical writings
a term used primarily by Roman Catholics with reference to books Protestants call "the Apocrypha"; the books are thus regarded as a "secondary canon," part of scripture, but distinct from both Old and New Testament writings
allegory
a type of figurative speech in which the elements or characters that make up a story signify concepts or other entities in the real world
What are the two major division in Acts
a) chapters 1-12, focus on the gospel's spread in and around Jerusalem, Judea, and Samaria b) chapters 13-28 focus on early witness to the ends of the earth
What are Prominent features of early Christian life and impact in the wake of Pentecost
a) the centrality of the apostles' teaching b) the developing of fellowship c) a prevailing sense of awe d) sharing of material possessions e) meeting in the temple courts f) heartfelt praise of God g) the favor the apostles enjoyed with outsiders h) the spiritual growth of believers
What assumptions did the Enlightenment critics who interpreted the New Testament hold?
a) the church had misread the Bible b) Jesus was not the divine Son of God c) miracles in the New Testament may not have been real and cannot be the basis for Christian belief d) the Bible should be ridiculed because it is offensive to the modern mind e) the only legitimate way to interpret the Bible is to use the historical-critical method
Exalted Jesus
abides with believers and believers abide in Him, communicates with believers, present at the baptism of believers, answers prayer, will return again, receives believers' devotion, and equal to God and subject to God
After the Enlightenment, the Gospels where not considered to be the story of Jesus but only stories WHAT Jesus.
about
Pharises
about 6,000 of them existed during the time of Jesus, the held all of the OT to be the word of God. Believed in angels, demons, resurrection and life after death. Legalistic view of Torah.
Signs Gospel
according to some theories, a now lost book containing numbered miracle stories that may have served as a source for the Gospel of John
Second Temple Judaism
aka Persian Period (537-332 BCE); emphasis on the Torah and synagogues; considered the Jewish "New testament"
The Book of Glory
aka the Gospel of John because Jesus' death is His glorification
The Book of Signs
aka the Gospel of John because of the Seven Signs
how is johns chronology different from mark matthews and Luke's?
all three trips to jerusalem were recorded.
How many times does the word Believe occur in the Gospel John?
almost 100 times
Israel
an ancient kingdom of the Hebrew tribes at the southeastern end of the Mediterranean Sea
What is canon
an authoritative list of scripture providing norms for a community
transfiguration
an event narrated in the Synoptic Gospels in which the physical appearance of Jesus is momentarily altered to allow his disciples a glimpse of his heavenly glory (Mark 9:2-8)
Beloved Disciple
an unnamed follower of Jesus whose written testimony is said to be incorporated into the Gospel of John; church tradition has associated this individual with the apostle John, one of Jesus' twelve disciples
The author of hebrews is
anonymous
Good Samaritan
answered the question who is my neighbor
Gentile
any non Jew
Gentiles
anyone who is not Jewish
After his arrival in Jerusalem at the end of his third missionary journey, Paul was WHAT?
arrested
Paul's treatment of the church places it at the what?
at the heart of his Christology.
The major condition affecting interpretation is the interpreter's position on the WHAT of Scripture?
authority
Theme of 1 Thessalonians
be faithful and steadfast during times of persecution
Theme of 2 Thessalonians
be faithful until the end dont drop out give up or delay
Hebrews
calls on believers to endure in their faith because what they have received in Christ is better than what was provided in the old covenant
Revelation
calls on believers to live an overcomers in light of Jesus' final victory at the end of the age
Philippians
calls on believers to live with unity by taking on the humble attitude of Christ
1 Corinthians
calls on the church to turn away from the negative influences of the worldly culture around them
Define Orthodoxy
can form to the rule of faith
Jerusalem
capital and largest city of the modern state of Israel
First Peter was intended for many congregations in various regions within the Roman Empire. It is therefore known as
circular letter
Jesus was one of the world's greatest WHAT?
communicators
Form critics focused on the WHAT that kept Jesus' memory alive.
communities
"love one another"
community's defense is strong, so the internal ethic is this
Who are the redactors that are central to redaction criticism?
compilers, writers
Define Apostaliity
consistent with the apostles teaching
Theme of Jude
contend for the faith
Galatians
defends the idea that salvation comes not through works through works of the Law but through faith in Christ
Theophany; Epiphany; Numinous
describes the experience of being in the presence of God
Ephesians
details the blessings that we have received in Christ and how we should walk in light of these blessings
What do we know about the author of the Gospel of Mark? (3)
devout Christian He did not assume that his audience knew much about Judaism in Palestine Church tradition associates him with the John Mark from Acts with being Peter's interpreter
Skepticism
dictates that anything that seems supernatural be ruled out or reinterpreted
Peter
disciple of Jesus and leader of the apostles
In Matthew's Gospel the people of little faith are the ______
disciples
Parable of the Talents
disciples are called to take risks master praises two who double the talents given them and punishes the servant who hordes his god blesses us with unique talents and expects us to use them in his name so they may grow
According to Enlightenment critics, Paul tuned the gentler or revolutionary Jesus into an idealized WHAT man?
divine
Early Christians believed in the WHAT of Christ and his WHAT with God, a belief that quickly expressed itself as the doctrine of the Trinity.
divinity, oneness
Golden Rule
do unto others as you'd have them do unto you
sadduces
dominated by priests
the original audience for mark is?
early church outside Palestine
Philemon
explains godly Christian social relationships through the example of the relationship between a Christian slave owner and runaway Christian slave
Romans
explains the gospel of justification by faith and its implication
1 & 2 Thessalonians
express comfort and hope about the future because we are waiting for a Savior who will rescue us from the wrath to come
What principle is fundamental to the Gospel of John?
faith
Main characteristics of the Intertestamental period
farm commerce hebrew language(greek/armanic)
The philosophy of Stoicism stressed WHAT?
fate
what is only miracle recorded in all 4 gospels?
feeding of 5000
a am the good shephard
feeding the 5000
parable
figurative stories or sayings that convey spiritual truth through reference to mundane and earthly phenomena
Theme of 2 Timothy
finishing well
Essenes
fled the city for the desert; credited for probably preserving the Dead Sea Scrolls
Those who were most concerned about how the material of the Gospels passed through oral to written stages developed the method known as WHAT criticism?
form criticism
Abraham
founder of the Jewish race. God made a covenant with him and promised he would be the father of a great nation
canonization of the New Testament
from oral tradition to written word
What is the Important word in Matthew?
fulfilled
John says jesus is the son of ABRAHAM
geneaology of the word David
Beatitudes
generally, any statement of divine blessing, but the term is usually applied more specifically to the blessings offered by Jesus in Matthew 5:3-12 and Luke 6:20-23
Parable of the Sheep and Goats
help the "least of these"
The theory and practice of interpretation is called WHAT?
hermeneutics
Law of the Gospel
higher law, came into effect once Christ came. No more animal sacrifices. Celestial law.
In Matthew 28, Jesus gives the Great Commission to ______.
his disciples
What are the primary sources for Paul's theology?
his own writings and Acts
The first thing that was questioned about Christ was his WHAT?
humanity
What is the Important word in Mark?
immediately
passion
in Christian theology, a term used to refer to the suffering and death of Jesus Christ
Logos
in Greek philosophy, a word referring to ultimate truth or reason; in John's Gospel, the term is used for the eternal divine entity that becomes the human being Jesus Christ
theme of mark?
jesus is the secret of the kingdom
keener said themes of mark were....?
jesus was SECRET of kingdom Jesus mission was different than the percieved messiah
Where is the upper room discourse?
john 14-17
Justification
just as you have never sinned
relationship of the law of OT and sermon on the mount?
kingdom ethics, what it takes to belong to the kingdom
What books were written after them?
matthew and John
Emmanuel
means God is with us
matthew says that jesus is the
messiah of Isreal
One of the predominant literary forms in John's Gospel is
metaphor
When was the Muratorian Canon finalized
mid 3rd century
During the early days of the Christian church, the most striking evidence that God was at work was demonstrated by WHAT?
miracles
The aims for interpretation should be personal, doxological, and WHAT?
missiological
What activity were Paul's writings a result of?
missionary
Part of handling the New Testament properly is understanding WHAT to it?
modern approaches
sadduces
more cooperative with Rome to keep the peace
How many times does Jew occur in the Gospel of John?
more than 60 times
Define Gnosticism
movement that arises in the context of Christian proclamation that emphasizes the idea of secret knowledge and mystical experiences that removes the spirit from the body and thereby attain spiritual exhaltation
The criterion of WHAT requires that the sayings of Jesus be found in more than one place in the Gospels?
multiple source attestation
Patriarchs
name given to founding fathers of the Hebrew people, particularly Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph
Hebrews, Israelites, Jews
names for the same culture of people at different times in their history
themes of Jesus' ministry
nomadic, rural, and Jewish; preaches God's kingdom (present and future), teaches about himself, parables and prophetic acts, healings, and conflict with religious leaders
There was also great influence from WHAT, which was much more religion-like than its modern counterpart.
philosophy
In contrast to widespread WHAT belief, Paul insisted that God is one.
polytheistic
IT period: sadduces
power base is the temple system
Jesus knew that doing what is right did not always bring WHAT, and he predicted WHAT for his followers?
praise, persecution
In addition to the various methods to be used in interpretation, it is important to recognize the need for WHAT?
prayer
WHAT is the newer theory that focuses on what happens to the reader as he for she reads?
reader-responde
Scholars like Augustine, Calvin, Luther Bengel, and Wesley struggled to interpret the Bible in a WHAT and intellectually WHAT fashion.
reasoned, responsible
historical criticism
refers to the way in which a historian might use the New Testament to learn about history
WHAT must people first do in order to enter the kingdom of God?
repent
John
reports signs that Jesus did in order to encourage people to believe in him and find true life in his name
Theme of Philemon
slave freed for nothing
A result of the generous yet stern gospel at the church's beginning was WHAT among converts.
social cohesion or growth
Isaac
son of Abraham. Father of Jacob
Mark defines jesus as the..
son of God
Theme of 1 Timothy
sound doctrine
IT period: the synagogue
started in babylonian exile
What is structuralism
structuralism, which is part of literary criticism. It maintains that there is a structure within our minds that determines the direction of our thoughts, and that it is necessary to understand that deep structure in order to understand a story
Theme of 1 Peter
suffering on the journey
"Seen Together" defines what concept
synoptic
Jesus came not as a researcher or writer but as a WHAT and a WHAT?
teacher, preacher
1 Peter
teaches that as foreign residents in the world believers must be prepared to suffer for the sake of Christ
James
teaches that genuine faith results in practical works of righteousness
Acts furnishes trustworthy WHAT and not just reliable WHAT information.
teaching, historical
2 Peter & Jude
tell believers to contend for the faith by standing against the ideas and behaviors of false teachers
Luke
tells the story of Jesus in a way that demonstrates that he is the Savior for everyone in the world
Matthew
tells the story of Jesus in a way that demonstrates that he is the king of Israel
Mark
tells the story of Jesus in a way that demonstrates that he is the perfect example of living a living a life of sacrificial service
What methods does historical criticism use
textual criticism, source criticism, form criticism, redaction criticism, literary criticism, canonical criticism, sociological criticism, and structuralism
Thomas
the Apostle who would not believe the resurrection of Jesus until he saw Jesus with his own eyes
incarnation
the Christian doctrine that God became a human being in the person of Jesus Christ
While in Rome, Paul wrote letters to Philemon and to who else?
the Ephesians, Philippians, and Colossians
Synoptic Gospels
the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, so-called because their overlapping content allows them to viewed as books that offer parallel accounts
Moses
the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus; received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai
matthew has a main distinction of saying jesus is..
the Messiah
Pontius Pilate
the Roman governor who condemned Jesus for treason
diaspora
the dispersion of Jews outside of Israel and the strives made to continue following Judaism outside the land
John says that jesus is
the eternal Word of God, the son of the father, word made flesh
ascension
the event in which Jesus Christ left the physical earth and was raised into heaven, as reported in Luke 24:50-51 and Acts 1:9
pentateuch
the first five books on the Torah; Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy
Abraham
the first of the great Biblical patriarchs, father of Isaac, and traditional founder of the ancient Hebrew nation: considered by Muslims an ancestor of the Arab peoples through his son Ishmael.
What was the focus of the form critics?
the focus of the form critics was on the comment that kept the memory of Jesus alive
What is the relationship of persecution and proclamation in Acts?
the gospel is proclaimed, the proclaimers are persectued, and still the gospel is proclaimed.
Great Commission
the instruction of the resurrected Jesus Christ to his disciples that they spread his teachings to all the nations of the world. It has become a tenet in Christian theology emphasizing ministry, missionary work, evangelism, and baptism.
Law of Moses
the laws (beginning with the Ten Commandments) that God gave to the Israelites through Moses
Bar Kochba
the leader of the 2nd jewish revolt against rome, many considered him the messiah
to what does the german phrase Sitz im Leben refer
the life setting of a particular story or writing
Mary
the mother of Jesus
What does John call himself?
the one that Jesus loved
Why were the Samaritans so despised by the Jews?
they were outsiders who polluted the Jewish faith who mixed the Israel faith which is shown in 2 Kings 17:24-41
John also portrays Jesus as what?
this man is the creator of the universe
How many phases does the quest for the historical Jesus have?
three: The Old Quest, the New Quest, and the Third Quest
How are we familiar with Paul?
through his own writings and the Book of Acts
themes of Mark
urgency, Messianic secret, ambiguity, human portrait of Jesus, cross and crucifixion, present kingdom, and future kingdom
I am the gate of the sheep
walking on water
2 John
warns believers not to offer hospitality to false teachers or to welcome them into their house church
Bethpage
was a small village, probably located between Jerusalem and Bethany and close to or on the Mount of Olives. Jesus sent two of his disciples there to fetch to colt for his ride into the city
Josephus
was born in Jerusalem at a time when his Jewish homeland was occupied by Roman forces; eyewitness to the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple
i am the true vine
water to wine
Sadducees can generally be described as
wealthy, politically well-connected men
whats the turning point in the Synoptic gospels of jesus?
when jesus predicts his death, mark 8:27-9:8
themes of Luke
women, ministry to the excluded and disadvantaged, Samaritans, Jerusalem as a focal point, worship and prayer, food, riches and poverty, work of the Holy Spirit, disciples of Jesus are examples for imitation, salvation, and muted eschatology
Paul was the primary founder of many assembles of WHAT and missions.
worship
Define Scripture
writings a community holds to be authoritative for faith and practice
historical background of Mark
written 65-73 CE for Roman Christians whom were in need of comfort and encouragement; the anonymous author is a devout Christian who cites Hebrew scriptures as word of God and is less knowledgeable about Palestine
historical background of Luke
written 80s-ish CE for general gentiles by an anonymous Gospel with knowledge of classical literature, styles of writing, and Hebrew scripture
John: who when and where?
written by john in ephesus, AD 80-100
historical background of Matthew
written mid-80s CE for an urban Jewish Christian community more prosperous than Jesus' disciple; the anonymous author is a devout, educated Christian who knew Jewish scriptures inside and out
John 1:12
yet to all who did receive him, to those who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God
