New Testament Survey weeks 5-8

What kind of news about the Thessalonians has Timothy brought to Paul?

Good news: The Thessalonians are faithful and remember Paul fondly.

What is the most important way that Paul says he is superior to the "super-apostles"?

He has persevered through more sufferings.

What has been John Nelson Darby's main contribution to the interpretation of Revelation?

He invented the idea of the pre-tribulation rapture.

The following are the common features of the genre "Apocalypse"?

First person narrative Divine vision disclosing supernatural reality Symbolism and repetition

What does Paul say about his relationship with the Romans in Romans 1?

He thinks highly of them and would like to come visit them.

Why is Abraham an important Old Testament figure for Paul?

He was the model for being justified by faith.

What Jewish complaint about God and Paul's gospel does Paul address in Romans?

How can God be trusted if he breaks the covenant he made with the Jews?

What aspect of his relationship with the Corinthians does Paul discuss in 2 Corinthians 1-7?

How his travel plans have effected his visits

What does the author say about those who have stopped working in 2 Thessalonians?

If they won't work, they shouldn't be allowed to eat.

What figure from the history of Israel plays a role in part of what Paul says in 2 Corinthians 1-7?

Moses

When Paul discusses the unity of the church in Ephesians 4, what number does he repeat over and over?

One

Who is the author of 1 Thessalonians?

Paul

What is Dr. Shauf's key point about the relationship between the words "righteousness" and "justification"?

The underlying Greek words have a common root.

What crisis are the Thessalonians struggling with in 2 Thessalonians?

They seem to think that the end time is upon them

The following is are features of apocalyptic literature, such as Revelation?

use of symbolism dualistic perspective use of visions

Problems arose around the Lord's Supper in the Corinthian church because

wealthier members were eating the food before the lower class members arrived after long work hours

In John's first vision in Revelation 1, how does the risen Jesus appear to him?

wearing a long robe, with white hair, a shining face, and a sword coming out of his mouth

The "Collection" stage in the canonization process refers to

when the individual writings began to be read and shared in groups of writings

What is the debate over the identity of Paul's audience for his letter to the Galatians?

whether "Galatia" means the province or the ethnic region

Which special group does 1 Timothy give instructions about?

widows

Divisions in the Corinthian church seem to be based on

Corinthians identifying themselves in terms of allegiance to prominent Christian leaders, whom they regard as wise and powerful.

The dominant theory places the writing of Revelation during the reign of which Roman emperor?

Domitian

What distinction does Paul draw in 1 Corinthians 8-10 between permissible and impermissible behavior?

Eating meat sacrificed to idols may be OK, but engaging in idolatry is not.

Where do many scholars suggest Paul may have been in prison, despite no direct evidence for it?

Ephesus

One of the last books to be accepted into the New Testament canon was

Revelation

Undisputed Pauline Epistles

Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, and Philemon - letters that scholars overwhelmingly judge to have been written by Paul

Most scholars think the harlot on the beast in Revelation 17 represents

Rome

In the book of Acts, Paul is also known by his Hebrew name

Saul

One issue that the author gives instructions about in 1 Corinthians is

Sex marriage and divorce

Which statement best expresses the importance of Christ's crucifixion for Paul's attitude toward the Jewish law?

Since the law condemned those who died on a cross, the law is no longer the standard for righteousness.

What advice does Paul give to people with respect to marriage?

Stay as you are, for the form of this world is passing away.

Which of the following is NOT among the probable reasons Paul writes 2 Corinthians?

The Corinthians have become corrupted by pagan worship practices.

It was originally multiple letters that were later edited together.

The glory of the new covenant is much greater than the glory of the old covenant.

The following are reasons that the NT canonization process took several hundred years?

The great diversity of beliefs among early Christians made it hard for them to agree about the NT books. Christianity spread very widely before decisions about the NT could be made. Christians' status as a persecuted minority made it hard to meet and make binding decisions.

Why did Paul begin taking up a collection among his churches?

The leaders of the Jerusalem church requested it.

What do many scholars today think about the original audience of Ephesians?

The letter was written to other churches besides the one in Ephesus.

What view of the situation behind the letter of Philemon do most scholars hold today?

The slave Onesimus intentionally sought out Paul's help with his master Philemon.

Pastoral Letters/Epistles

The three letters addressed to colleagues of Paul entrusted with pastoral leadership of churches: 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus.

Which of the following is NOT important as a source for the chronology of Paul's life?

a 2nd-century biography of Paul

In the millenarian reading of Revelation, Revelation is understood to be

a coded prediction of end-times events.

What creature first fights a woman and her son, and then the angels in heaven, in Revelation 12-22?

a dragon

collection for Jerusalem

a fundraising effort conducted by the apostle Paul among gentile believers on behalf of Jewish believers in Jerusalem (see Acts 11:29-30; 24:17; Rom. 15:25-27; 1 Cor. 16:1-4; 2 Cor. 8-9; Gal. 2:10).

Proconsul

a governor appointed by the Roman senate to administer a province for one year.

What animal is revealed as worthy to open the sealed scroll in Revelation 5-6?

a lamb

One type of material we see in Ephesians that we have not seen in Paul's other letters is:

a list of instructions to wives, husbands, parents, children, slaves, and masters

apostolic council

a meeting of leaders in the early church to discuss acceptance of gentiles into the new faith community (Acts 15); also called "Jerusalem council.

Revelation ends with a vision of what?

a new heaven and new earth

Which expression best captures how Romans should be read?

a presentation of Paul's gospel in light of his concerns over Jews and Gentiles

Paul understood his life-changing revelation of Jesus as

a prophetic call

What is "the New Perspective on Paul"?

a scholarly view that understands "works of the law" not as "works righteousness" but as ethnic markers that designate Israel as God's chosen people

How does Paul refer to the church in 1 Corinthians?

a temple

What does John (the author) see first when he is taken up to heaven?

a throne surrounded by twenty-four elders and four creatures

Which phrase expresses a distinctive aspect of Paul's apocalyptic thought?

already/not yet

the belief or doctrine that Christ will return without any literal millennium: his faithful saints will experience a spiritual victory (symbolized in Revelation as a triumph equivalent to a thousand-year reign).

amillennialism

Cephas

an Aramaic word meaning "Rock," the Greek form of which is "Peter"; a nickname given by Jesus to Simon, one of his disciples.

New Perspective on Paul

an academic position that maintains that the point of Paul's emphasis on "justification by grace apart from works of the laws" was to claim that people are put right with God through divine grace rather than by observing the legal codes that marked Israel as God's chosen people.

Dr. Shauf sums up the overall message of Revelation as

an assurance of God's justice and a call to remain faithful.

In 2 Corinthians 8-9 Paul discusses

an offering he is taking up for other churches

Most interpreters today identify the author of Revelation as

an otherwise unknown Christian prophet named John.

The tone of 2 Corinthians 10-13 can best be described as

angry

The use of what kind of symbol is important in Revelation?

archetypes

Why does Paul in Galatians 1 give an account of his conversion and early life as a Christian?

as a part of defending his apostleship and gospel message

With regard to eating "food offered to idols," Paul claims that believers should

be willing to give up their rights for the sake of others.

Why do most scholars think some people in Thessalonica have stopped working?

because they think the new age has already arrived

In 1 Corinthians 5, Paul instructs the church to exclude from Christian fellowship a (presumably unrepentant) "wicked man" with the purpose of

bringing about the repentance necessary for this person to be saved

Ekklēsia is the Greek word for

church

What key Jewish ritual does Paul argue against strongly in Galatians?

circumcision

Paul tells the Corinthians that he decided to know nothing among them but Christ

crucified

What metaphor does Paul use in 1 Corinthians 12 when discussing the body of Christ?

different body parts talking to each other

In Romans 9-11 Paul

discusses the fact that Israel hasn't accepted Christ

One big problem that is addressed in 1 Corinthians is

division in the Christian community

The book of Revelation portrays the city of Rome as a

drunken *ho*e

What branch of theology is of primary significance in Ephesians?

ecclesiology

Which phrase is how Dr. Shauf characterizes Paul's response to the Corinthians' problems?

ethics grounded in theological realities

According to 1 Corinthians 13, what will abide forever?

faith, hope, and love

Which words best characterize 1 Thessalonians as a whole?

friendly, positive

Diolkos

from a Greek word meaning "thanksgiving"; the ritual meal observed by Christians in a manner that commemorates Jesus's last supper with his disciples; also called "Lord's Supper" and "Holy Communion."

Popular (non-scholarly) readers of Revelation have most often taken which approach to reading Revelation?

futurist

Reading the seven letters of Revelation as descriptions of future eras of church history is illustrative of which approach?

futurist

Which way of reading Revelation are scholars LEAST likely to use?

futurist

the practice of assigning a numerical value to a word or phrase by adding together the values of the individual letters; this works in Hebrew and in Greek, where the letters of the alphabet can also serve as numerals.

gematria

The Corinthians have become corrupted by pagan worship practices.

glory experienced amidst suffering

Which moral topic is important in 1 Timothy?

greed

In 2 Corinthians 12 Paul speaks of a man who

had a vision of paradise

Paul speaks much in 2 Corinthians 1-7 of his

hardships and suffering

Which of the following does 1 Timothy forbid women to do?

have any authority over a man

What do Paul's concerns about women in worship center around in 1 Corinthians 11?

head coverings and hairstyles

When interpreted as an apocalypse, a key part of Revelation's purpose involves

helping the audience to make sense of their circumstances.

Reading the number of the beast (666) as a reference to the Roman emperor Nero, or perhaps Domitian, is illustrative of which approach?

historical

It is generally believed that Paul spent the interim years between his conversion and his first missionary journey doing what?

honing his missionary skills and developing his theological understanding of the gospel

In Galatians 1, Paul goes over what aspect of his past?

how he went from persecuting Christians to being a Christian apostle

With its expected invitation to joy, the book of Revelation is threaded with

hymns or songs of worship

What does Paul identify as the chief sin of Gentiles in Romans 1?

idolatry

Two of the sins of Gentiles that Paul highlights in Romans 1 are

idolatry and sexual perversion

second-career theory

in Pauline studies, the notion that the apostle was released from captivity in Rome and went on to do things not reported in the New Testament before being recaptured and executed later than has traditionally been thought.

Compared to the other letters of Paul that we have read, Philemon

is the shortest

Paul speaks about being buried and raised in baptism to argue that

it makes no sense for Christians to continue in sin.

One reason understanding canonization is important is that

it shows us that the New Testament was not formed by a church conspiracy.

All of Paul's writings in the NT belong to what genre

letter

The book of Revelation shares features of all the following genres

letter prophecy apocalypse

Which moral concern is addressed in 1 Timothy?

love of money and riches

What kind of love does Paul write about in 1 Corinthians 13?

love within the church

a subset of premillennialism, according to which a rapture will come at some midpoint during the tribulation (so the faithful may regard any onset of terrible woes as a possible sign that the rapture is near).

midtribulationism

a thousand-year period; Revelation 20:1-8 speaks of a millennium during which Christ will rule after Satan is defeated.

millennium

Paul's ethical expectations for Christians are shaped by all of the following except

natural law: Christians have moral codes that are set and learned as natural laws.

What moral problem does Paul describe in Romans 7?

not being able to do good even when one wants to

What does the "New Perspective" on Paul claim Paul meant by "works of the Law"?

obeying specific commands of the Torah like circumcision

What major Christian doctrine has its roots in Paul's discussion of Adam and Christ in Romans 5?

original sin

The end of Ephesians uses what metaphor in its discussion?

putting on armor for spiritual warfare

rapture a miraculous removal of God's faithful from the earth, thought to be referenced in Matthew 24:40-41; 1 Thessalonians 4:15-17; Revelation 4:1.

rapture

Which of the following type of instructions does 1 Timothy contain?

requirements for holding certain church leadership positions

Judgments using what objects are inflicted on the earth in Revelation 12-22?

seven bowls

Revelation 2-3 consists mostly of

seven letters to different churches

Judgments shown in Revelation 6-11 against humanity are associated with activities done with what items?

seven seals and seven trumpets

What metaphor does Paul use in answering the question as to whether Christians should continue in sin?

slavery to sin vs. slavery to righteousness

The churches in Revelation appear to have experienced any one or all of the following situations

social problems such as economic hardship, discrimination, and violence. conflict with the Jews in the local synagogues. some Christians advocating accommodation to the Roman culture.

With whom does Paul compare himself in 2 Corinthians 10-13?

some rival apostles

Paul uses the Old Testament story of Jacob and Esau to illustrate what point?

that God arbitrarily chooses some and rejects others

What concern about eating does Paul address in 1 Corinthians 8-10?

that some food has been sacrificed to idols

What are some members of the Corinthian church denying, addressed by Paul in 1 Corinthians 15?

that there will be a future resurrection

When we claim that Paul's letters are "occasional," we mean that:

that they are written on specific occasions they were written to address particular circumstances

Philemon and Ephesians both belong to what group of Paul's letters?

the Prison letters

Most scholars think that the number 666 is a reference to

the Roman emperor Nero

expiation

the act of atoning for sin or wrongdoing

In developing a chronology for Paul's life, one of the most helpful pieces of information has been

the brief mention in the book of Acts that Gallio was the proconsul of Corinth when Paul was in that city.

What metaphor relates to much of the content of 1 Timothy?

the church as the household of God

What useful information does Acts provide us about 1 Thessalonians?

the date of the letter and where Paul was when he wrote it

2 Thessalonians seems to contradict 1 Thessalonians on what point?

the expectations the audience should have for how the End will occur

Prison Letters (Epistles)

the five letters attributed to Paul that are said to have been written from prison: Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 2 Timothy, Philemon. Also called "Captivity Letters (Epistles)."

Theologically, Paul understands Jesus to be

the image of God, the Son of God, and Lord.

Christ Crucified

the main focus of Paul's preaching according to 1 Corinthians 1:22-24; 2:1-2; the phrase seems to be shorthand for what theologians call a "theology of the cross" (theologia crucis).

According to Paul, what prevents the Law from making us righteous?

the power of sin

Paul's reason for writing Philemon concerns:

the relationship of a slave and owner

What basic point of belief does Paul defend in 1 Corinthians 15?

the resurrection of Christ

What phrase is a major topic in Romans?

the righteousness of God

Lord's Supper

the ritual meal observed by Christians in a manner that commemorates Jesus's last supper with his disciples; also called "Eucharist" and "Holy Communion."

undisputed letters

the seven letters ascribed to Paul that almost all New Testament scholars affirm were actually written by him: Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, Philemon.

One good way of summarizing Paul's arguments in Romans 1-3 would be

the sinfulness of both Jews and Gentiles

disputed letters of Paul

the six letters ascribed to Paul that many New Testament scholars believe to be pseudepigraphic: Ephesians, Colossians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus; also called the "deutero-Pauline letters."

The Montanists and Münsterites had in common that

they thought the New Jerusalem would be in a specific earthly city.

In his teaching on the resurrection, Paul emphasizes in 1 Corinthians 15 that

those who are raised by Christ will have new, glorified bodies

Academic scholarship has a clear preference for the historical reading of Revelation because of the book's intent (based on the book's genre)

to address the current circumstances of its original readers.

An important purpose of Paul's collection was

to encourage unity among Jews and Gentiles

Why does Paul think that Gentiles should become part of God's people

to fulfill an Old Testament vision of the new age

Paul says that the purpose of human weakness is

to let God's power shine through people

What is parenesis?

traditional moral teaching

Important as a source for the chronology of Paul's life

traditions about Paul from later Christian writers, Paul's own letters, the NT book of Acts

Disputed letters (and why)

..., 1-2 Timothy, TItus, 2 Thessalonians, Ephesians, and Colossians 1) Themes - There are thematic differences in the disputed letters. For example, 1-2 Timothy and Titus discuss the various leadership roles in the church. These roles seem to be later developments in the church. Thus, as the church grew, there was a need for hierarchy. Many scholars suggest that this shift in theme suggests that a different author was responsible for these letters. Thus, 1-2 Timothy and Titus are often dated much later than Paul's lifetime. 2) Vocabulary - There are differing vocabulary words in the disputed letters. When analyzing the "disputed letters" of Paul, they contain words that are not used in Paul's undisputed letters. This kind of word analysis reveals the possibility that a person other than Paul might have written these letters. 3) Style - Differences in style are often apparent in the disputed letters of Paul. Sometimes it is sentence structure. Other times it is a literary form that suggests to the interpreter that Paul did not compose it. What that means is that readers question the authenticity of Paul's authorship. This borrowing of someone else's name to write a letter was commonly done in the ancient world. This act of writing in someone else's name is referred to as pseudepigrapha. The early church was aware of the practice and attempted to identify any letters or writings that were purported to be by Paul (or another famous Christian personality), but actually was not. Famously, the church identified a forgery known as 4 Corinthians. Although nobody (today) specifically knows who else would have written these letters in Paul's name, the author is often referred to as "Deutero-Paul" or "Pseudo-Paul."

Which statement best states the value of 1 Corinthians for our understanding of early Christianity?

1 Corinthians tells us more about early Christian church life than any of Paul's other letters.

Which books make up the Pastoral Letters?

1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus

How many of the authenticity criteria present problems for the Pastoral Letters being considered authentic?

4

In what century did it become widely agreed upon as to exactly which writings would be considered a part of the New Testament?

4th century AD

Most Greek manuscripts of Revelation contain the number 666 for the number of the beast (13:18), but some manuscripts have this number.

616

In 1 Corinthians that author urges the expulsion of

?

Which of the following is true about 2 Thessalonians in comparison with 1 Thessalonians?

?

Paul's ethical expectations for Christians are shaped by

A Christ's sacrificial humility: Christians will seek what is the good of others rather than what benefits themselves. B community: Christians are united spiritually with one another, so what one does has consequences for the others. C Christ's coming: Christians have a short time for their work to be accomplished.

The following are descriptions of Paul's stay and ministry in Corinth according to the book of Acts?

A Paul stayed in Corinth for at least eighteen months. B. Paul stayed with a Jewish-Christian couple named Priscilla and Aquila C Paul converted at least two leaders of Jewish synagogues

The following are strategies of Pauls missionary work

A Paul targeted urban commercial centers for establishing churches. B Paul worked as the leader of a missionary team. C Paul often supported himself financially by practicing a trade.

What Gentile complaint about God does Paul address in Romans?

A just God would not choose only one people to have a special relationship with.

Paul wrote 1 Corinthians in response to

A. reports from Chloe's "people." B. a letter written to Paul from the Corinthian church. C. reports from Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus, who delivered to Paul a letter from the Corinthian church.

What Old Testament character is an important example of faith for Paul in Galatians?

Abraham

What Old Testament character is an important example of faith for Paul in Romans?

Abraham

Corinth was the capital city of which Roman province?

Achaia

In Romans 5, Paul compares the life-giving gift of Christ with the death brought about by

Adam

Which of the following is the Greek term that means "unveiling" from which the book of Revelation get its title (1:1)?

Apokalypsis

Selection Criteria

Apostolicity (associated or was) Antiquity Usage (communal identity) Orthodox - crucifixion/resurrection

The seven churches addressed in Revelation were all cities of which Roman province?

Asia

The fall of what city is celebrated in Revelation 12-22?

Babylon

What does Paul emphasize about how the cross should affect Christian behavior?

Boasting, divisions, and power-seeking make no sense.

Why did most early Christians have access to the New Testament writings only when the Christian community gathered together?

Books were too expensive for most early Christians to own themselves.

Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria scholars use to judge the authenticity of Paul's letters?

Can the ideas in the letter be traced to Aramaic concepts?

In Galatians 5 Paul suggests that his opponents

Castrate themselves

What does Paul teach the Corinthians regarding marriage and sex?

Celibacy is preferable to marriage.

In Galatians 2, Paul describes a heated confrontation he had with

Cephas

What does the author claim that his basic message is in 1 Corinthians 1?

Christ crucified

An important teaching of 1 Thessalonians is that:

Christ will return and the dead will be raised

What key argument does Paul make about the nature of Christ's resurrection in 1 Corinthians 15?

Christ's resurrection must be interpreted in the context of the general resurrection

How does Paul vividly illustrate Christian Christ-likeness in Romans 8?

Christians speaking Christ's language

Stages in the canonization process

Composition Use Exchange (most important) Collection Selection "Ratification"

Which of the four criteria is the only one that's a major problem for upholding the authenticity of 2 Thessalonians?

Is the letter consistent with Paul's other letters in content?

The following are the criteria scholars use to judge the authenticity of Paul's letters

Is the letter consistent with Paul's other letters in its content? Does the letter fit into early Christian history? Does the letter fit into Paul's career?

It does not include a thanksgiving.

It does not include a thanksgiving.

What is distinctive about the opening of Paul's letter to the Galatians?

It does not include a thanksgiving.

What purpose does Paul see in the majority of Israel having rejected Christ?

It enabled the Gentiles to become part of God's people.

Why does Paul seem to regard the gift of prophecy as more important than speaking in tongues?

It is more helpful to the church.

Which statement provides a key point about how justification by faith fits in Paul's overall thought?

It results from Paul's thinking about how Gentiles become part of God's people.

Which idea do most scholars hold about the composition of 2 Corinthians?

It was originally multiple letters that were later edited together.

Paul's interest in Jesus focuses mainly on

Jesus's death and resurrection.

Which statement best summarizes the criticism made by many scholars today of how Martin Luther understood 1st century Judaism?

Luther saw 1st century Judaism as being too much like 16th century Catholicism.

If one concludes that one of Paul's letters is pseudonymous, then that means that

Paul did not actually write it

Which statement is NOT true about why Paul writes 1 Corinthians?

Paul expresses worry that the Corinthians had received a fake letter about him.

After Paul's conversion, his thinking changed on all of the following except

Paul had believed that Jesus was a prophet sent by God; afterward, Paul believed that Jesus is the Son of God and Lord of all.

Which statement best sums up the main argument of those who defend the authenticity of 2 Thessalonians?

Paul made unusual statements because of the unusual crisis in Thessalonica.

According to Paul's letters and Acts, which of the following is not an aspect of Paul's early life?

Paul was born in Jerusalem.

Which of the following is NOT an important part of the occasion of Paul's letter to the Romans?

Paul was disappointed that the Romans had abandoned his gospel.

One of the reasons that the consistency criteria for judging authenticity are difficult to apply is that

Paul's associates may have regularly assisted him in writing.

Much of 1 Thessalonians consists of:

Paul's memories of his time with the Thessalonians

Which of the following is not a feature or strategy of Paul's missionary work?

Paul's mission work was authorized by Peter and the other leaders of the Jerusalem church.

Who does 1:1 list as the author of 2 Thessalonians?

Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy

Which of the following is NOT true about the identity of the "super-apostles" as Paul describes them in 2 Corinthians 10-13?

They were Gentiles

What comfort does Paul offer the Thessalonians who are concerned about those who have died?

They will be raised from the dead when Christ returns.

A companion of Paul that is featured prominently in 2 Corinthians 8-13 is

Titus

Which of the following is NOT one of Dr. Shauf's criticisms of the millenarian reading?

We would all be better off if we would just not read Revelation in the first place.