Next Generation Networks
A firewall is typically defined as _____.
- A mechanism used to protect a trusted network from an untrusted network - A system, or group of systems, that enforces and acts as a control policy between two networks
A major industry sector witnessing a constant stream of innovation due to broadband capabilities is the entertainment industry. Broadband users are likely to _____.
- Bank online - Download or listen to music online - Play games online - Watch videos online
Digital TV (DTV) offers numerous advantages over the old analog TV signal. Name these advantages.
- Can transmit more kinds of data. - Displays more colors. - Nearly immune to degradation and interference. - Transmits more data in the same amount of bandwidth.
What is/are the argument(s) to support convergence?
- Converged applications - Cost reductions - Easier administration -Improved productivity
An NGN is designed for multimedia communications. The main physical components are routers, switches, gateways, and _____.
- edge devices - fiber optics - wireless media
Which of the following types of networks will be required in a smart house?
-Computer and data network -Entertainment network -Home automation network -Mobile network
Traditional _____ systems are not well suited to metropolitan area networks (MANs) because MAN traffic must be dropped and added frequently.
DWDM
What is the protocol that maps a telephone number from the PSTN to the Internet to allow a phone call to be made?
Domain name system (DNS)
Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) and synchronous optical networking (SONET) achieves reliability by using which of the following?
Dual-counter-rotating rings
Media gateways are not used to do which of the following?
Eliminate SS7 networks
What technology opened the door to the development of wave division multiplexers (WDM)?
Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA)
_____ is gaining momentum as the best means for offering bundled services.
FTTx
Internet telephony and VoIP are the same thing.
False
In a residential ADSL environment, a splitter splits off the bottom eight kilohertz of spectrum on the plain old telephone service (POTS) line for the telephone, and the remainder of the line is for the ADSL modem and data communications.
False. A splitter splits off the bottom four kilohertz of spectrum for the telephone.
Which standard is critical to the coupling of IP and optical control planes?
Generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS)
_____ can often perform radically better than _____ video compression, typically achieving the same quality at half the bit rate or less.
H.264 / MPEG-2
Cable TV networks, which are most commonly deployed as _____arrangements, support a wide range of services, including traditional circuit-switched telephony and voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), Internet access, broadcast video, video-on-demand, and interactive broadband services.
HFC and hybrid fiber coaxial
Which of the following is not a key application of VPNs?
High definition television (HDTV)
Which of the following are digital TV standards?
I. Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) II. Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) III. Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB)
Which of the following are factors that can affect the loop condition for a subscriber?
I. Age and quality of copper pair II. Attenuation III. Contention ratios IV. Crosstalk V. Leakage VI. Loaded pairs VII. Narrow band interference VIII. Resistance
Which of the following components are included in an EDFA?
I. Couplers II. Erbium-doped fiber III. Isolators IV. Laser-pump diode
Which of the following refers to malicious software programs that move from one file to another and can be transmitted via an infected file?
I. Malware II. Trojan horse III. Virus IV. Worm
Digital subscriber line (DSL) was originally created to _____.
I. allow clearer connections using electronic intelligence in the form of DSL modems II. filter out background noise on copper wires III. make better use of the frequency spectrum available on twisted pair
Several digital voice technologies enable IP voice as we know it today, including ____.
I. codecs II. echo cancellers III. noise generation
The greatest bandwidth demand is coming from which of the following?
Internet traffic
_____ traffic is time-bounded information that must be transferred within a specific timeframe, and therefore has a low tolerance for delay loss.
Isochronous
Which is not a characteristic of multiprotocol label switching (MPLS)?
It performs protocol conversion.
Which of the following describes optical cross-connects?
Link any of several incoming lines to any of several outgoing lines and automatically reroute traffic when a network path has failed
Which of the following is not an IMS component?
Local exchange
A number of factors are driving the interest in and development of optical networking. Which of the following is not one of those factors?
More private networks are necessary
Which of the following is not considered a disadvantage when associated with Wi-Fi?
New standards
The most common fiber implementation today is the _____, which allows multiple buildings to share one access line.
PON
Which of the following is not a common choice for home area network (HAN) transmission?
Personal area networks (PANs)
Which DTV scanning technique is considered superior with the absence of flickering and easier compression?
Progressive scanning
There are three major components in a basic PON configuration. Which of the following is not one of the components?
Protective distribution systems (PDS)
Due to the growing use of voice and video, what is the most important obstacle for the Internet and IP networks to overcome?
QoS
Voice has a low bandwidth requirement, but as a tradeoff, it requires very high _____.
QoS
The IMS architecture involves which three layers?
Service, control, and transport
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a service infrastructure that relies on _____to establish and maintain call control.
Session initiation protocol (SIP)
10GbE uses separate channels for sending and receiving instead of CSMA/CD.
True
A virtual private network (VPN) isolates customer traffic on shared service provider facilities.
True
ATSC 3.0 is the world's first Internet-protocol (IP)-based TV standard, and a major antenna TV upgrade.
True
DSLs are point-to-point connections; they are always on when the computer is powered, allowing for security risks.
True
In general, a DSL implementation includes two main components: a DSL modem and a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM).
True
Internet protocol is attractive for two main reasons: cost savings and revenue generation.
True
One of the major issues in carrying voice in a packet form is delay.
True
Optical bandwidth is outpacing Moore's Law governing growth and processing power.
True
Optical switches, devices residing at junction points in optical backbones, give carriers the capability to provision bandwidth automatically, enable them to build mesh optical restoration, and allow them to establish QoS levels associated with restoration.
True
Ten megabit per second (Mbps) and 100 Mbps versions of Ethernet use the access carrier technique carrier sense multiple access/collision detection (CSMA/CD), which permits several network nodes to share the same link.
True
The goal of a VPN is to provide connectivity over a shared infrastructure that is as secure and cost-effective as a dedicated private network. In addition, it must be scalable, easy to manage, and support QoS.
True
The main objective of data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS) is to provide uniform specifications to ensure compatibility with various cable operators' infrastructures.
True
The transmitters in IP phones emit packets at fixed intervals, but packet networks have queues. As a result, the receivers see inter-arrival jitter. To combat jitter, jitter buffers are used.
True
Trunking gateways allow connection of the data networks to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) to support long-haul carrying of switched calls.
True
VDSL2 gives telephone companies the ability to support multiple standard definition and high-definition video streams via existing copper cabling (using advanced compression) rather than deploying fiber all the way to the premises.
True
Video and multimedia facilitate our ability to understand and retain information and therefore, along with television programming, our TVs and network will also deliver infotainment and edutainment. This will drive the need for more bandwidth to and within the home, as well as on a mobile basis.
True
WDM works by spatially separating different wavelengths of light down a single optical fiber.
True
Wireless systems most often operate in a point to multi-point mode.
True
With DSL services, the shorter the distance, the greater the data rate possible.
True
_____ is the transmission of data intended for use in a private or enterprise network, through a public network, in such a way that the routing nodes in the public network are unaware that the transmission is part of a private network.
Tunneling
What type of media does asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) use?
Twisted pair from the local loop
Which of the following is Cable TV's fastest-growing new service category?
Video-on-demand (VOD)
Which of the following is generally less expensive to install and can be deployed more quickly?
Wireless
An aspect ratio of 16:9 is better because _____.
a widescreen format is closer to how we actually see
To make the best of bandwidth, it is necessary to apply _____ to a video.
compression
With wireless access technologies, the maximum transmission rate that can be provided to any one client _____as more clients are served.
decreases
In the three-tiered broadband architecture, match the following: the access tier is responsible for _____, the edge switches are responsible for _____, and the core is responsible for _____.
delivering broadband to the customer / protocol and data service integration / high speed transport
In an ADSL environment, the _____ splits the voice and data traffic, sending the voice traffic through traditional local exchanges onto the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and sending the data traffic to the appropriate Internet service provider (ISP) or enterprise network.
digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM)
The HFC architecture uses _____ to derive individual channels, some of which are dedicated to the support of telephony services, others of which are reserved for analog TV, and still others are reserved for digital TV and future interactive broadband services.
frequency-division multiplexing (FDM)
A(n) _____ is basically a fiber-to-the-premises arrangement in which a single optical fiber serves multiple premises.
passive optical network (PON)
High-bit-rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) is a symmetrical service meaning it _____.
provides equal bandwidth in both directions
The number of pixels determines _____.
resolution
MPLS is designed to work on _____.
routers
HFC architecture is characterized by _____, one of the drawbacks of the HFC architecture.
shared bandwidth
In the OTN signal hierarchy, capacities and data rates are denoted as OTN n.m., where "n" refers to _____and "m" refers to _____.
the maximum number of wavelengths at the lowest bit rate on the wavelength / the bit rate supported on the interface
Optical transport network (OTN) achieves higher speeds by bundling together _____.
wavelengths
What potential approach for QoS is most frequently used because it offers the strongest capabilities to address traffic engineering and resource utilization?
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Which of the following is not a key measurement of digital video?
Compression rate
_____ supports fewer wavelengths than _____, but it uses less expensive lasers, making it cost effective for metropolitan area networks (MANs).
Course wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) / dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)
ADSL2 can support up to _____ data rates.
12 Mbps downstream, 1 Mbps upstream
A single fiber pair in a PON can serve up to _____ premises.
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