NHM 311 Midterm Review

About how much of your plate should be fruits and vegetables at each meal?

1/2

If a normal, healthy adult male consumes his or her Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) each day, what should happen to his weight? A. He should lose weight B. He should gain weight C. He should maintain his weight D. It is impossible to know because the Estimated Energy Requirement is the same for everyone regardless of weight, height, or gender.

C. He should maintain his weight

Select the best source of dietary fiber from the list below. A. 6 ounces of yogurt B. 1 small doughnut C. ½ cup blueberries D. 8 ounces of lean chicken breast

C. ½ cup blueberries

Which of the following populations has an increased risk for lactose intolerance? A. African Americans B. Hispanics/Latinos C. American Indians D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following people would be considered malnourished? A. Sue, who has iron-deficiency anemia B. John, who is having toxicity symptoms from a vitamin supplement he has been taking. C. Neither John nor Sue appear to be malnourished. D. Both John and Sue are malnourished.

D. Both John and Sue are malnourished.

The edema that is symptomatic of kwashiorkor relates to which of the following roles of protein? A. Acid-base balance B. Transport C. Messenger (specifically hormonal) D. Fluid balance

D. Fluid balance

Fiber found in fruits and vegetables are associated with which of the following health outcomes? A. Strengthening bones B. Building muscle C. Making new red blood cells D. Improving bowel function

D. Improving bowel function

What type of milk is recommended for infants less than 6 months old? A. Fat-free (skim) B. Reduced fat (2%) C. Whole milk D. Infants should have breast milk or formula only. The amounts of protein, sodium, and potassium in cow's milk are too high for infants

D. Infants should have breast milk or formula only. The amounts of protein, sodium, and potassium in cow's milk are too high for infants

Which of the following common types of sugar is the healthiest? A. Sucrose from brown sugar (dark) B. Sucrose from sugar beets C. Fructose from honey D. None of the above - they all act the same in your body and can cause weight gain if consumed in excess.

D. None of the above - they all act the same in your body and can cause weight gain if consumed in excess.

T/F: Both AI's and RDA's can be used as a goal for individual intake.

True

T/F: Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables as part of an overall healthy diet may protect against certain types of cancer.

True

T/F: The calorie needs of a person may change based on their level of physical activity.

True

Once food leaves the stomach, what is it called? A. Saliva B. Feces C. Chyme D. It's still called food

C. Chyme

CHO absorption occurs in the _______.

small intestine

How many calories (kcal) are there in 200 grams of carbohydrates?

800 kcal

What is a confounding variable? A. A factor that may affect the results of a study in addition to the factor or experiment being studied. B. The normal variation of human responses within a given population being studied. C. The data that is collected from the control group. D. The data that is collected from the experiment group.

A. A factor that may affect the results of a study in addition to the factor or experiment being studied.

Which of the following is NOT a nutrient (something that you need in order to live)? A. Alcohol B. Water C. Carbohydrate D. Vitamins

A. Alcohol

Which of the following nutrients can be used to replenish glycogen stores? A. Glucose and amino acids B. Glucose and fatty acids C. Glycerol and fatty acids D. Amino acids and fatty acids

A. Glucose and amino acids

Which of the following statements about evidence-based practice is true? A. If a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist follows the American Heart Association's nutrition guidelines for prevention of heart disease, he/she is performing evidenced-based practice. B. Evidence-based practice guidelines in nutrition may change monthly or even weekly, depending on how quickly new research studies are released that contradict old guidelines. C. Peer-reviewed, published scientific studies are a component of the "evidence" used in evidence-based practice, but individual experiences and beliefs should be given equal consideration. D. All of the above

A. If a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist follows the American Heart Association's nutrition guidelines for prevention of heart disease, he/she is performing evidenced-based practice.

Which type of vegetarian is more likely to have difficulty meeting protein needs? A. Vegans B. Lacto-ovo vegetarians C. No vegetarian should ever be concerned with protein intake D. It is equally difficult for all vegetarians to meet protein requirements

A. Vegans

The synthesis of glucose from certain amino acids involves A. deamination. B. transcription. C. translation. D. transamination.

A. deamination.

Which of the following sequences represents a monosaccharide followed by a disaccharide followed by a polysaccharide? A. fructose sucrose starch B. lactose glucose dietary fiber C. glucose maltose lactose D. galactose glycogen starch

A. fructose sucrose starch

An antibody A. is a type of protein that helps protect the body from pathogens. B. catalyzes chemical reactions in the body. C. helps circulate lipids in the blood. D. regulates the acid base balance (pH) in the body.

A. is a type of protein that helps protect the body from pathogens.

Unlike the glycemic index, the glycemic load takes into account the typical _____ of a food. A. portion size B. desirability C. micronutrient profile D. added sugar amount

A. portion size

The process of protein synthesis is directed by A. the DNA in the nucleus of the cell. B. digestive enzymes called proteases. C. the availability of amino acids in the amino acid pool. D. all answer choices are correct

A. the DNA in the nucleus of the cell.

Which important mineral is found in all foods in the diary group? A. Riboflavin B. Calcium C. Vitamin C D. Folate

B. Calcium

Which of the following is a lists all the classes of nutrients? A. Vitamins and Minerals B. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water C. Dairy, Protein, Fruits, Vegetables, and Fats D. Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats

B. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water

Metabolism involves both "building" actions and "breaking down" actions. What are the "breaking down" actions called? A. Anabolism B. Catabolism C. ATP D. Glycolysis

B. Catabolism

Which of the following four foods make up approximately 1/3 of the calories eaten by Americans? A. salt, wheat, corn, beef B. Corn, soy, rice, and wheat C. wheat, gluten, corn and high-fructose corn syrup D. carbohydrates, saturated fat, sugar, and salt

B. Corn, soy, rice, and wheat

The liver makes bile and stores it in the gallbladder. Where does the gallbladder connect to your digestive system? A. Jejunum B. Duodenum C. Esophagus D. Ileum

B. Duodenum

Which of the following statements reflect Michael Pollan's description of the interactions between consumers, health care professionals, the food industry, and journalists? A. Nutritionists generally don't keep up with the latest scientific findings, so the most accurate and up to date information about eating healthy will be found in news articles and magazines. B. Food industry marketing and journalists are both in need of "new and improved" stories and products to convince consumers to read articles and/or purchase new products. C. The food industry makes a much bigger profit when people purchase tried and true products that require minimal processing. D. Journalists are in the best position to interpret scientific research because they are able to write in lay-man's terms.

B. Food industry marketing and journalists are both in need of "new and improved" stories and products to convince consumers to read articles and/or purchase new products.

Which of the following pathways in energy metabolism can be "reversed"? A. Pyruvate to AcetylCoA B. Glucose to Pyruvate C. Neither A nor B D. Both A& B

B. Glucose to Pyruvate

Which of the following is a list of anabolic hormones? A. Glucagon, epinephrine, glucocorticoids, thyroxin B. Insulin, sex hormones, thyroxin, growth hormone C. Growth hormone, thyroxin, epinephrine, glucagon D. Sex hormones, insulin, glucagon, glucocorticoids

B. Insulin, sex hormones, thyroxin, growth hormone

Which of the following can result from a deficiency of protein and energy? A. PKU B. Marasmus C. kidney stones. D. All answer choices are correct.

B. Marasmus

Each of the pictures below represent 200 calories of a food. Choose the food that is the most energy dense. A. French Sandwich Roll: 72 grams = 200 calories B. Mixed salty nuts: 33 grams = 200 calories C. Grapes: 290 grams = 200 calories D. Canned green peas: 357 grams = 200 calories

B. Mixed salty nuts: 33 grams = 200 calories

Which of the following statements about insulin is true? A. People with Type 2 Diabetes have to take insulin if they do not take care of their diabetes properly. B. People with Type 1 Diabetes would die very quickly without insulin injections C. Insulin lowers blood sugar by splitting apart the glucose molecules in the bloodstream D. All of the above statements are true.

B. People with Type 1 Diabetes would die very quickly without insulin injections

Low glycemic index foods will cause a ______________ rise in blood sugars (blood glucose). A. Fast B. Slow C. Negative D. Neutral

B. Slow

Which of the following statements about Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA's) are true? A. The RDA for a nutrient is equal to the statitistical mean. B. The RDA for a nutrient is set at a level that meets the requirements for 97-98% of the population. C. "The RDA for a nutrient is the minimum amount needed each day, so consuming more than the RDA is always recommended." D. All of the above

B. The RDA for a nutrient is set at a level that meets the requirements for 97-98% of the population.

Which of the following statements about type 1 diabetes is correct? A. Type 1 diabetes is the worst type of diabetes because people with type 1 diabetes have to take insulin. B. Type 1 diabetes occurs when pancreatic cells that produce insulin are destroyed, usually by the body's own immune system. C. Maintaining a healthy body weight and staying active could prevent almost all cases of type 1 diabetes in the U.S. D. Type 1 diabetes occurs when cells are no longer sensitive to insulin, usually due to age, obesity, or inactivity.

B. Type 1 diabetes occurs when pancreatic cells that produce insulin are destroyed, usually by the body's own immune system.

The three-dimensional shape of a protein is determined by the A. ratio of nonessential to essential amino acids present in the polypeptide chain. B. sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. C. carbon to nitrogen ratio in the polypeptide chain. D. the number of peptide bonds present in the polypeptide chain.

B. sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

Which two enzymes are secreted by both the salivary gland and the pancreas? A. Trypsin and Chymotrypsin B. Pepsin and Lipase C. Amylase and Lipase D. Amylase and Trypsin

C. Amylase and Lipase

Which of the following is the RDA for protein for an average, healthy adult? A. 1 g/lb/day B. 4 g/kg/day C. 0.8 g/kg/day D. 8 g/kg/day

C. 0.8 g/kg/day

The acceptable macronutrient distribution range for carbohydrates is: A. 35-75% B. 10-15% C. 45-65% D. 5-20%

C. 45-65%

Which of the following is required by law to appear on packaged foods? A. The GMO content of the food B. The amount of gluten in a serving of the product C. Allergy information D. Whether or not a product is healthy

C. Allergy information

Your friend Dan has decided that he wants to build up the muscles in his arms. He knows you are taking a nutrition class, so he asks you which protein shake will be best for his fitness goals. What do you tell him? A. Any shake that contains hydrolyzed protein will be best. Because it takes a lot of effort for our bodies to digest whole proteins, the shakes that contain partially digested (hydrolyzed) proteins are easier for our bodies to use. B. Since protein is the key to building muscles, choose the protein shake that has the largest amount of protein. C. Whey protein, since it comes from an animal product (milk) is the best. Animal proteins provide all of the essential amino acids and will repair muscle fibers more quickly than plant proteins (like soy). D. Protein alone will not build muscles. Buying special shakes to get large amounts of protein may just cost him extra money.

D. Protein alone will not build muscles. Buying special shakes to get large amounts of protein may just cost him extra money.

Which of the following statements about glycogen is true? A. glycogen can only be formed from food sources of carbohydrates B. Insulin is the hormone that signals the body to break down glycogen (glycogenolysis) C. glycogen is stored in the pancreas D. glycogen is a storage form of glucose in humans and animals

D. glycogen is a storage form of glucose in humans and animals

The sphincter that regulates the flow of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is the __________ sphincter. A. gastroesophageal B. celiac C. anal D. pyloric

D. pyloric

T/F: High-fructose corn syrup is more likely to cause weight gain than naturally-occurring cane sugar (sucrose).

False

T/F: The Grains Group could also be called the Carbohydrate Group because all foods that contain carbohydrates are in the Grains Group.

False

T/F: The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) should not be exceeded by any individual at any time.

False

T/F: When the scientific method is applied correctly, the hypothesis will be supported by the conclusion

False

Which hormone is released in response to lower blood sugar?

Glucagon

Which hormone is most important for glucose uptake by body cells?

Insulin

Which of the following enzymes plays a role in digesting proteins?

Pepsin

Which nutrient is found in plant protein foods and not in animal protein foods?

fiber

Fructose is found mostly in

fruits and vegetables.