Night Sections 4-5, quiz, and characters

Dr. Mengele

"The Angel of Death," a doctor who performed brutal, unnecessary experiments and operations upon prisoners (twins)

Some of the men spoke of God: His mysterious ways, the sins of Jewish people, and the redemption to come. As for me, I had ceased to pray. I concurred with Job! I was not denying His existence, but I doubted his absolute justice. (45)

- Allusion (Book of Job) - Job believed in god until bad things started happening. Then he started losing faith because why would God do that.

"Yes we even doubted his resolve to exterminate us. Annihilate an entire people? Wipe out a population dispersed throughout so many nations? So many millions of people! By what means? In the middle of the twentieth century! And thus my elders concerned themselves with all manner of things - strategy, diplomacy, politics, and Zionism - but not with their own fate." (8)

- It means they were in denial. - The author's purpouse was to show how really harsh actions were taken. They couldn't believe it. Innocent Jews didn't believe Hitler would actually be able to kill an entire group of people who were sprinkled throughout the workd. During a time like that 1994 (such an advanced time/ civilized). Although they heard of the idea they doubted it, didn't believe it was a possibility.

Elie says that Mrs.Schachter was separated from her husband and sons "by mistake". Why do you think the Nazis tried to keep families together during their deportations?

- So they wouldn't be freaking out.

Who was Mrs.Schachter & what did she scream about? How did the other people react to her? What do these reactions imply about how they were feeling? (24-26)

- fire - they thought she was crazy - denial

The beloved objects that we had carried with us from place to place were now left behind in the wagon and, with them, finally, our illusions. (29)

- they figure out what's happening. In denial

Identify and explain two examples of irony. Need a hint? They're both signs in the camps. (40)

-Warning danger of death - you're always going to be in danger - Work makes you free - it doesn't

After the Holocaust, Elie referred to Mrs.Schachter not as crazy but as a prophet. What does that mean? Explain why he refers to her that way. (28)

-prophet: sees future - she saw her own death

Still lost in his Kabbalistic dreams, Akiba Drumer had discovered a verse from the Bible which, translated into numbers, made it possible for him to predict Redemption in the weeks to come (51)

Akiba could "tell the future" and she could tell that they're going to be free. - shows hope -foreshadowing

Adolf Hitler

Austrian born Dictator of Germany, implement Fascism and caused WWII and the Holocaust. German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945) Started World War II and made sure everyone that was non-Aryan would die

The officers were billeted in private homes,even Jewish homes. Their attitude toward their hosts was distant but polite. (9)

Billited : Able to live. Housed

Mother

Died in concentration camp, separated from Elie and his father, along with 3 daughters.

Then, once more, there was silence. The last sound of the American plane dissipated in the wind and there we were, our cemetery. (60)

Dissipated : go away

What sickness did Elie's father get before he died?

Dysentery (drinking dirty water)

What is Elie's reaction to his father being slapped by the gypsy when asking to use the restroom?

Elie has no reaction

Explain how Elie and his father reacted when the gypsy struck Elie's father for asking to use the toilet .(39)

Elie said he was petrified .clinched first father so he tried to calm him down

What lie does Elie tell his cousin Stein from Antwerp?

Elie tells him that his family is alive and well.

"I had never asked myself that question. I cried because.... because something inside me felt the need to cry. That was all I knew." "Why do you pray? he asked for a moment. "Why did I pray? Strange question. Why did I live? Why did I breathe? (4)

Elie wants to show how important praying is to him (as important and natural as breathing is) Praying, being so religious, and being Jewish is really the reason he was targeted.

Explain what happened when Elie's father died

Elie wasn't sad that much

He looked at me for a moment and his gaze was distant, otherworldly, the face of a stranger. It lasted only a moment and then he ran away. (108) Analyze.

Elie's father didn't even recognize his own son

I woke up at dawn on January 29. On my father's cot there lay another sick person. They must have taken him away before daybreak and taken him to the crematorium. Perhaps he was still breathing. No prayers were said over his tomb. No candle lit in his memory. His last word has been my name. He had called out to me and I had not answered. I did not weep, and it pained me that I could not weep. But I was out of tears. And deep inside me, if I could have searched the recesses of my feeble conscience, I might have found something like: Free at last!... (112) Analyze.

Elie's father died and no one cared except Elie, but even Elie wasn't that sad, but he wasn't happy either

"He wanted to drive the idea of studying Kabbalah from my mind. In vain. I succeeded in finding a master for myself in the person of Moishe the Beadle" (4)

Elie's father doesn't want him studying the Kabbalah, but he fails because he finds Moishe. In Vain : unsuccessfully, for no good reason

"I am too old, my son"he answered. "Too old to start a new life. Too old to start from scratch in some distant land..."(9)

Elie's father says he's too old to move and start over somewhere else because he's already settled and established here in Sighet shows that they had an opportunity to escape but refused. Ironic because in the end he is forced to move and start somewhere else.

Franek

Eliezer's foreman at Buna. Franek notices Eliezer's gold tooth and gets a dentist in the camp to pry it out with a rusty spoon.

Stein

Eliezer's relative from Antwerp, Belgium, whom he and his father encounter in Auschwitz. Trying to uplift his spirit,Elie lies to Stein and tells him that his family is still alive and healthy. (Husband of Reizel who is the niece of Elie's mother)

Time period between when Father died & liberation

Four months

"Don't let yourself be overcome by sleep, Eliezer. It's dangerous to fall asleep in snow. One falls asleep forever. Come, my son, come... Get up." (88) Analyze.

His father's saying if he falls asleep now, he'll fall asleep forever

Moishe the Beadle guided Wisel with what?

His studies of Kabbalah.

"Don't be deluded. Hitler has made it clear that he will annihilate all Jews before the clock strikes twelve." I exploded: "What do you care what he said? Would you want us to consider him a prophet?" His cold eyes stared at me. At last, he said wearily: "I have more faith in Hitler than in anyone else. He alone has kept his promises, all his promises, to the Jewish people." (80-81) Analyze.

Hitler has kept all of the promises he's said he would so far

Elie Wiesel

Holocaust survivor and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate is the author of Night, about his experience at Auschwitz. Main character was in the concentration camp for 2 years.

But now, I no longer pleaded for anything. I was no longer able to LAMENT. On the CONTRARY, I felt very strong. I was the accuser, God the accused. My eyes had opened and I was alone, terribly alone in a world without God, without man. Without love or mercy. I was nothing but ashes now, but I felt myself to be stronger than this Almighty to whom my life had been bound for so long. In the midst of these men assembled for prayer, I felt like an observer, a stranger. (68) What does the bold phrase mean based on the context of the passage?Analyze.

Lament=grieve/grief Contrary=opposite It means that he emotionally felt bad, but he felt physically strong

The night was growing longer, never-ending. (98) What type of figurative language was used?

Metaphor. The night would never end and it was lonely and dark, but forever

The optimists were jubilant: "Well? What did we tell you? You wouldn't believe us. There they are, your Germans. What do you say now? Where is their famous cruelty?(10)

Optimists: to be hopeful. See the good, positive always. Jubilant: overjoyed, happy, sarcastic.

Describe what happened to Moishe upon his return to Sighet. How did people treat him?

People didn't believe him and thought he was crazy : pity,joyless

Aryan

Perfect human (blonde, blue eyes)

By eight o'clock in the morning, weariness had settled into our veins, our limbs, our brains, like molten lead. (16)

Personification, simile. He wants us to understand how he feels using details. Simile: weariness like molten lead. Exhaustion and worry has taken over. personification: weariness settles in every part of their bodies and minds.

Death, which was settling in all around me, silently, gently. It would seize upon a sleeping person, steal into him and devour him bit by bit. (89) What type of figurative language is used? Explain the meaning & why Elie chose to use it.

Personification. Elie used it because everyone was dying all around him and it was a matter of moments until Elie died, he just didn't know when

I knew that I was no longer arguing with him but with Death itself, with Death that he had already chosen. (105) What type of figurative language is used?

Personification. He's saying that he was no longer arguing with his father, but with Death because he knew he was going to die.

Define the word edict. What were the new edicts in Sighet? (10-11)

Rules. Can't leave house for 3 days, couldn't own gold, yellow star, no jewelry, no valuables, no restaurants (cafes), no travel by rail, can't attend synagogue, can't be outside after 6.

SS Officers, gestapo

Secret state police

Father (Shlomo Wiesel)

Shlomo is respected by the entire Jewish community of Sighet, and by his son as well. He and Eliezer desperately try to remain together throughout their concentration camp ordeal. Died in concentration camp shortly before being liberated

The road was endless. To allow oneself to be carried by the mob, to be swept away by blind fate. When the SS were tired, they were replaced. But no one replaced us. Chilled to the bone, our throats parched, famished, out of breath, we pressed on. (87) Analyze.

The Jews were barely still alive and no one replaced them, but they had to keep suffering

"Tomorrow, right after nightfall, the camp will start on its march. Block by block. The sick can remain in the infirmary. They will not be evacuated." That news made us wonder. Were the SS really going to leave hundreds of prisoners behind in the infirmaries, pending the arrival of their liberators? Were they really going to allow Jews to hear the clock strike twelve? Of course not.(81) Analyze.

The Jews will move before the Russians and Americans can free them

The veterans told us: "You're lucky to have been brought here so late. Today, this is paradise compared to what the camp was two years ago. Back then, Buna was a veritable hell." (70) Analyze.

The concentration camp is better than what it used to be

What evidence suggests that the "guards surely were tired"?

The officers didn't care if the Jews were in line, they roamed in a mess/not in order

I had no right to let myself die. What would he do without me? I was his sole support. (87) Analyze.

The only reason Elie didn't die was because he couldn't leave his father by himself.

The RESISTANCE MOVEMENT decided at that point to act. Armed men appeared from everywhere. Bursts of gunshots. Grenades exploding. We, the children, remained flat on the floor of the block. The battle did not last long. Around noon, everything was calm again. The SS had fled and the resistance had taken charge of the camp. At six o'clock that afternoon, the first American tank stood at the gates of Buchenwald. (115) What does the bold phrase mean based on the context of the passage?

The people that fought back and tried to liberate the Jews

The absent no longer entered our thoughts .One spoke of them -Who Knows What happened To them ?-but their fate was not on our minds . We Were incapable of thinking .Our senses Were numbed,everything was fading into a fog .We no longer clung to anything . The instincts of self -preservation,of self-defense , of pride ,had all deserted us .in one terrifying moment of Lucidity,I thought of us as damned souls wandering through the void , souls condemned to wader though space until the end of time, seeking redemption ,seeking oblivion , without any hope of finding either.(36)

They are realizing. It's sinking in, their hopes and dreams are crushed, lucidity: clearness.

We were stronger than cold and hunger, stronger than the guns and the desire to die, doomed and rootless, nothing but numbers, we were the only men on earth. (87) Analyze.

They didn't feel like humans anymore, they felt stronger than before to die

The last night in Buna. Once more, the last night. The last night at home, the last night in the ghetto, the last night in the cattle car, and now, the last night in Buna. How much longer would our lives be lived from one "last night" to the next? (83) Analyze.

They didn't know when they would die

In a few seconds , we had ceased to be men ... I glanced over at my father . How changed he looked !... ....I too had become a different person . The student of Talmud ,the child I was ,had been consumed by the flames .All that was left was a shape that resemble me.(37)

They lost their humanity. To show how it felt. It's important because it shows how it changed them.

First thoughts upon liberation

They only thought about bread

The summer was coming to an end. The Jewish year was almost over. On the eve of Rosh Hashanah, the last day of that cursed year, the entire camp was agitated and every one of us felt the tension. After all, this was a day unlike all others. The last day of the year. The word "last" had an odd ring to it. What if it really were the last day? (66) Analyze.

They thought it was the last day that they were going to live. It's important because it was the last day of the year and maybe their lives.

For us it mean true equality :nakedness.(35)

They were all equal nothing could prove their status since all of them had nothing left.

What were the rumors regarding what the Jews of Sighet thought may be the reason for their deportation?

They were being recruited to fight in the German army, they were needed to work in the brick factories in Hungary, they were too close to the front.

He was lost in thought. The choice was in our hands. For once. We could decide our fate ourselves. (82) Analyze.

They would decide their own fate

The Hungarian lieutenant went around with a basket and retrieved the last possessions from those who chose not to go on tasting the bitterness of fear. (24)

This is personification. He's tasting the bitterness of fear. because he is scared.

He liked my shoes; I would not let him have them. Later, they were taken from me anyway. In exchange for nothing, that time. (48)

This is when the German tent leader was asking him if he wanted to get into a good Kommando. In order for that to happen he had to give his shoes away to be with his father, but he said no.

"The yellow star? So what ? It's not lethal..."( Poor father! Of what then did you die?) (11)

This meant that the star isn't going to kill them,Foreshadowing. The star is going to let people know that they're Jewish. It's showing now his father is going to die from star (people).

How was it possible that men ,Women , and children were being burned and that the world kept silent ?...Still,I told him that i could not believe that human beings were being burned in our times ;the world would never tolerate such crimes "(32-33).

This shows how nobody else knows about Auschwitz. They were just prisoners.

We were not afraid. And yet, if a bomb had fallen on the blocks, it would have claimed hundreds of inmates' lives. But we no longer feared death, in any event not this particular death. Every bomb that hit filled us with joy, gave us renewed confidence. (60)

This shows how they would rather die than live in the constitution. They were happy to see the Nazis get hurt if a bomb had happened. It also shows how they weren't friends anymore.

Never shall i forget that night , the first night in camp,that turned my life into one long night seven times sealed . Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall i forget the small faces of the children whose bodies I saw transformed into smoke under a silent sky . Never shall i forget the nocturnal silence that deprived me for all eternity of the desire to live . Never shall I forget those moments that murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to ashes . Never shall I forget those things , even were I condemned to live as long God Himself. Never.(34)

This was a start to a dark, scary, and bad life in Auschwitz.

"... you should have hanged yourselves rather than come here . Didn't you know what was in store for you here Auschwitz? You didn't know? In 1944?(30)

This was another inmate talking to them , not believing how they didn't know what was happening in 1944. This is important because the first couple of words show now it wasn't gonna be good.

"Please sir.. I'd like to be near my father." "All right. Your father will work here, next to you." We were lucky. (50)

This was when a worker named Franek was being nice. The author's purpose was to show that there could've been hope or at least to show how they were lucky. It also showed how not everyone who worked there was mean.

"Hey kid, how old are you?" The man interrogating me was an inmate. I could not see his face, but his voice was weary and warm. "fifteen" "No. your eighteen " " but I'm not," I said. I'm fifteen." " Fool. Listen to what I say." Then he asked my father, who answered: " I'm fifty" "No." The man now sounded angry. " Not fifty. You're forty. Do you hear? Eighteen and forty." (30)

This was when an inmate was helping. He was giving advice on their age so the boy and father don't get killed (to work) This is important because if they did say their real age they could've gotten killed.

He complained that they would not let him play Beethoven : Jews were not allowed to play German music. (49)

This was when he was talking with his neighbors. This was Louis, a native of Holland complaining about not letting play German music, because they believe it isn't good for them. This was important because the Nazis thought that Jews weren't good enough to play German music.

A few days after my visit, the dentist's office was shut down. He had been thrown into prison and was about to be hanged. It appeared that he had been dealing in the prisoners' gold teeth for his benefit. I felt no pity for him. In fact, I was pleased with what was happening to him : my gold crown was safe. It could be useful to me one day, to buy something, some bread or even time to live. At that moment in time, all that mattered to me was my daily bowl of soup, my crust of stale bread. The bread, the soup - those were my entire life. I was nothing but a body. Perhaps even less : a famished stomach. The stomach alone was measuring time. (52)

This was when the Dentist was thrown in the prison after a couple of days of wanting Elie's tooth. This shows how all that mattered now was staying alive. This shows hope. This is important because it shows how he could've lost his gold tooth which is very sacred to him since it could be used for almost anything.

Then the entire camp, block after block, filed past the hanged boy and stared at his extinguished eyes, the tongue hanging from his gaping mouth. The Kapos forced everyone to look him squarely in the face. (63)

This was when the boy was hung for eating the soup (he was set up for) This shows how they were evil, scaring them, showing them that the concentration camps aren't a game.

"If you don't give me your crown, it will cost you much more!' (55)

This was when the dentist was wanting his crown. "much more"- perhaps his life. This shows he was very close to dying.

"Men to the left! Women to the right!" Eight words spoken quietly, indifferently, without emotion. Eight simple words, short words. Yet that was the moment when I left my mother... I didn't know that this was the moment in time and the place I was leaving my mother and Tzipora forever. I kept walking, my father holding my hand. (29)

This was when the families were being separated. This is important because this was the last time he saw his sisters and mom.

The reasons the Jews of Sighet thought they were being deported

Thought they were going to help with the war

The lies Elie told Stein and why

Told him that his family was okay to not hurt his feelings

Explain who the people were who tried to help Elie in the camps and how they tried to help

Told him to run as fast as he could, to lie about his age, and to take his father's rations when he was about to die

The physical suffering Elie experienced while in the camps

Took out his tooth, surgery without numbing, hitting, beating, etc...

"Then listen well: in two weeks you'll be fully recovered. You'll be able to walk like the others. The sole of your foot was full of pus. I just had to open the sac. Your leg was not amputated. You'll see, in two weeks, you'll be walking around like everybody else." All I had to do was wait two weeks. (80) Analyze.

Two weeks was a long time to wait and he thought he was going to be selected

One day when I was able to get up, I decided to look at myself in the mirror on the opposite wall. I had not seen myself since the ghetto. From the depths of the mirror, a corpse was contemplating me. The look in his eyes as he gazed at me has never left me. (115) Analyze.

When Elie was in the hospital he didn't even recognize himself because he hadn't seen himself in 2 years and it looked like he was a corpse

Did Elie see children thrown into flames?

Yes

Did Mrs.Schachter scream during their journey about a fire no one could see?

Yes

Did veteran prisoners beat the new prisoners?

Yes

untenable

unjustifiable; not able to be maintained or defended against attack.

In vain

unsuccessfully

Akiba Drumer

A Jewish Holocaust victim who gradually loses his faith in God as a result of his experiences in the concentration camp and dies there.

Kabbala

A Jewish rabbinical belief

Mrs. Schachter

A Jewish woman from Sighet who is deported in the same cattle car as Eliezer. Madame Schächter is taken for a madwoman when, every night, she screams that she sees furnaces in the distance. She proves to be a prophetess, however, as the trains soon arrive at the crematoria of Auschwitz.Claimed to have seen a fire before everyone else, but they thought she was insane. beaten because she would scream and moan about the smoke and flames.

Rabbi Eliahou & his son

A devout Jewish prisoner whose son abandons him in the march to Gleiwitz. Eliezer prays that he will never behave as Rabbi Eliahou's son behaves.

Juliek

A polish musician who plays the violin in Buna. He gives his final performance playing Beethoven when the prisoners arrive at Gleiwitz and dies the next day.

Kapos

A prisoner who was in charge of other prisoners

Meir Katz

A strong gardener from Sighet. Eliezer's father's friend from Buna. In the cattle car to Buchenwald, Katz saves Eliezer's life from an unidentified assailant. Got bread for his son but was strangled by his son

Idek

A violent Kapo in the Buna warehouse. He lashes Elie cruelly during one of his violent fits, because Elie has seen him lying on a mattress with a woman. One of the SS officers who punished Elie for not giving him his golden tooth

What type of figurative language is the following sentence an example of? "His very presence in the procession was enough to make the scene seem surreal."

Alliteration

Elie references the Book of Job from the Bible. What type of figurative language is this?

Allusion

My father was sharing some anecdotes and holding forth on his opinion of the situation . He was a good storyteller. (12)

Anecdotes: short stories.

What is Elie's purpose in including the flash forward on page 100 (last paragraphs)?

At any time anywhere people could be inhumane

Ghetto

Before the camps where all Jews were put together

How were the Jews of Sighet transported from the ghettos?

By cattle car

How could the Jews have prevented their second selection?

By running quickly without stopping

The dehumanization of the Jews in the camps

Called by numbers and were forced to be naked at times

Auschwitz, Buna, Buchenwald

Camps that Elie was in

Tibi & Yossi

Czech brothers who work at the electrical warehouse after their parents are killed at Birkenau, Yossi and Tibi are Zionists who befriend Elie in the ghetto and the concentration camps and hum Jewish melodies as they dream of immigrating to Palestine. When Block 36 undergoes selection, the brothers join Elie in a successful dash past Dr. Mengele's life-or-death assessing eyes.

Who was in charge of selection?

Doctor Mengele

Liberation

Freed

Explain how Elie celebrated the Jewish holidays while in the camp

He didn't celebrate all of them if he did he celebrated by mourning

What did Elie's father think about the Kabbalah?

He didn't like that Elie wanted to study it

Deep inside me, I felt a great void opening. (69) Analyze.

He is starting to not believe in God

Give evidence that Elie's father believed he was dying.

He kept telling Elie where he hid everything and he could barely even breathe without blood coming out of his mouth

After the war, I learned the fate of those who had remained at the infirmary. They were, quite simply, liberated by the Russians, two days after the evacuation. (82) Analyze.

He later learned that the people that stayed in the infirmary were freed

"Don't rejoice too soon, son. Here too there is selection. In fact, more often than outside. Germany has no need of sick Jews. Germany has no need of me. When the next transport arrives, you'll have a new neighbor. Therefore, listen to me: leave the infirmary before the next selection!" (78) Analyze.

He should leave the infirmary early before he gets selected

What lie does Elie tell his cousin Stein from Antwerp? Why does he tell this lie? (44)

He tells him that his mother heard from Reizel, and that her and her kids are fine.

Juliek

He was a friend of Elie who was a young polish musician that he meet in Auschwitz. Eliezer hears him playing the violin after the death march to Gleiwitz.

Summarize what happened to Moishe during his deportation. (6)

He was deported on a cattle car, crossed into Polish territory, put into trucks and brought to the forest, forced to dig huge trenches, Gestapo shot prisoners one by one and left them to die. Moishe was shot in the leg, was left to die, but survives and tells others the story, but people didn't believe him and thought he was crazy. He also saw babies tossed into the air used as target practice.

I began to think of myself again. My foot was aching, I shivered with every step. Just a few more meters and it will be over. I'll fall. A small red flame... A shot... Death enveloped me, it suffocated me. It stuck to me like glue. I felt I could touch it. The idea of dying, of ceasing to be, began to fascinate me. To no longer exist. To no longer feel the excruciating pain of my foot. To no longer feel anything, neither fatigue nor cold, nothing." (86) Analyze.

He was fascinated by the thought of death and he couldn't wait to die. He could finally feel his body again.

Our backyard looked like a marketplace. Valuable objects, precious rugs, silver candlesticks, Bibles and other ritual objects were strewn over the dusty grounds- pitiful relics that seemed never to have had a home. All this under a magnificent blue sky. (15)

He's showing chaos/peace/calm it's a Juxtaposition .

What clothing was Elie allowed to keep?

His shoes

The Hungarian police used their rifle butts, their clubs to indiscriminately strike old men and women, children and cripples. (16)

Indiscriminately: without discrimination : striking anyone and everyone/ doesn't matter who they are.

Explain why the ghettos are a relief to the Jews of Sighet (12)

It was a relief because it was going to be just Jews, no others (germans). They truly believed they would remain in the ghettos til the end of the world and everything would go back to normal.

I was sixteen. (102) Why does Elie end this passage with this statement?

It was bad that at such a young age Elie witnessed what he did.

Elie compares the calm sky to chaos what type of figurative language is this?

Juxtasposition

What does an inmate tell Elie and his father to do when they first arrive to the camp?

Lie about their age

Shtbl (3)

Little house

Elie references to his entire time in the camp as one long night is an example of what?

Metaphor

Who guided Elie in his studies of Kabbalah?

Moishe the Beadle

Did ONLY Mrs.Schachter see flames when they arrived at AUSHWITZ

No, they all saw it

Did the Jews believe Moishe the Beadle when he described the extermination he witnessed?

No, they thought he was crazy

Did Elie's sisters and mother flee to safety in Palestine

No, they were killed once they were separated from the rest of their family.

Hilda, Bea, & Tzipora

Oldest to youngest (sisters)

What is one example of irony in the book?

On the electrified fence when it says "Warning: Danger of Death."

Kapo

Prisoner in charge of another prisoner at the camp.

How did the Nazis strip the Jews of their identity?

Remove their clothing, replace their name with a number, and shave their heads and bodies.

What was Elie's father's job?

Shopkeeper

Where did Elie grow up?

Sighet, Romania

Elie's inheritance

Spoon and knife

What "inheritance" does Elie's father give to him? Why? (75)

Spoon and knife because he thought he was going to die

It was decided to evacuate all of us at once. By evening. Afterward, they would blow up the camp. (114) Analyze.

The Germans wanted to destroy evidence of the camp before the Russians and Americans saw it because it was so awful

The FRONT followed us. We could again hear the cannons very close by. But we no longer had the strength or the courage to think that the Germans would run out of time, that the Russians would reach us before we could be evacuated. We learned that we would be moved to the center of Germany. (96) What does the bold phrase mean based on the context of the passage?

The Russian and American liberators were trying to follow the Jews to free them and they were almost there

How many ghettos were set up in Sighet surrounded by barbed wire?

Two

Did Elie's father get selected the second time by Dr. Mengele?

Yes, but the third selection he wasn't selected

kabbalah

an ancient wisdom that reveals how the universe and life work, teaching universal principles that apply to all

As one man, we let ourselves sink into the snow. (88) Analyze.

When they got the chance to rest everyone collapsed at the same time

Sighet

Where Elie used to live

Crematorium

Where Jews were burned

Selection

Who was selected to die or go to Dr.Mengele

Woman Elie stumbles upon in France

Woman that saved him

quarantine

a period or place of isolation

ration

a specific amount of food (or supplies) that is given to one person for one day

pittance

a very small portion, amount, or allowance

epidemic

a widespread occurrence of an infection disease ; outbreak

zionism

a worldwide Jewish movement that resulted in the establishment and development of the state of Israel

hermetically

closed tightly so that no air can go in or out

Meir Katz,a colossus, wore a child's pants , and Stern , a Skinny little fellow ,was floundering in a huge jaket"(37)

colossus: big

harangued

delivered a speech to

penury (3)

extreme poverty

Wafilike

friendless

Moishe the Beadle

homeless; taken away for being a Foreign Jew; survives almost being killed: poor, lonely, and religious man. He warns them about the concentration camps, which Elie and the villagers find hard to believe.

The Germans were already in our town, the fascists were already in power, the verdict was already out - and the Jews of Sighet were still smiling. (10)

kind, polite. Shows how the Germans were able to gain trust/access large uprisings/revolts.

Were people who couldn't work sent to the infirmary?

no

irrevocably

not capable of being changed

Behind me, an old man fell to the ground. Nearby an SS man replaced his revolver in its holster. (30)

this was when an SS officer shot an old guy for no reason, just to shoot.

kapos

prisoner in a concentration camp assigned by the SS guards to supervise or carry out administrative tasks in the camp

altruistic

showing a selfless concern in others; unselfish

tumult

state of noisy confusion or disorder

liquidate

to reduce to nothing

We realized then that we were not staying in Hungary. our eyes opened. Too late. (23)

this shows how the Jewish were just realizing what's going on. The authors purpose is to show how long it took for them to realize.