NOS - 110 CHAPTER 8, Chapter 10: Linux, Chapter 11, NOS110 chapter 8
At the Linux command shell, when an ordinary user is logged on, the prompt ends with which of the following characters?
$
$ prompt
(pronounced dollar prompt) the linux command prompt that is displayed in the BASH shell when you are logged on as an ordinary user.
What option for the ls command lists all files in a directory, including the hidden files?
-a
Which of the following options for the ls command will show a listing of all files, including hidden files?
-a
What directory contains settings and configuration data and is one of the directories created by default in Linux?
/etc
If the access mode number for the owner of a file or directory drops below this on some Linux installations, any future access to this file is blocked. a.5 b.8 c.1 d.7 e.6
6!
Absolute path
A directory path that begins with the top level. In linux, an absolute path begins with a forward slash /to indicate the root
boot image
An image that boots a target computer and enables deployment of the install image. Capture and discover images are special types of boot image.
Which of the following is the short name for a very popular Web server first developed for UNIX, but available for Linux and other operating systems?
Apache
Because Linux is basically a non-GUI OS, the Ubuntu Linux distribution does not include a GUI.
False
The various versions of Linux have little in common with one another.
False
True or False: It is impossible to start a live image of Linux in a virtual machine.
False
True or False: The word burn is used to describe the act of creating a bootable image on a hard drive.
False
True or False: When working in a live image of Linux, you are logged in with an administrator user account.
False
When working in a live image of Linux, you are logged in with an administrator user account.
False
Which of the following is an implementation of the X Window System?
GNOME
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol the protocol for transferring the files that make up the rich graphical Web pages we view on the World Wide Web
The KDE GUI in Fedora discussed in this chapter has a screen object resembling the Windows desktop Start menu. What is the name of this object?
Kickoff Application "Launcher"
A distribution of Ubuntu Linux labeled ________ will be supported for up to five years with free updates.
LTS
Who was the initial developer responsible for Linux
Linus Torvalds
This is a bootable image of the operating system that will run from disc or other bootable media without requiring that the OS be installed on the local computer.
Live Image
What organization was created in 1988 to lobby for an open UNIX?
OSF
What organization formed in 1988 to lobby for an "open" UNIX after AT&T formed a partnership with Sun Microsystems to develop a single proprietary UNIX?
Open System Foundation (OSF)
Apache HTTP server
Open source web server software, originally written for UNIX, runs on linux
Which user has the most power and privileges in Linux?
Root
Why would an advanced Linux administrator use shell commands rather than a Linux GUI when creating many users at once? The shell commands are more intuitive Linux GUIs are too cryptic Shell commands are faster. The Linux CLI is more secure You cannot create users from a Linux GUI
Shell commands are faster.
What command can you use at the CLI to temporarily borrow the privileges of the most powerful account in a Linux system?
Sudo
What feature preserves your open apps and data, but allows another user to log in to his or her own session on the same computer? a.daemon b.lock screen c.live image d.switch users e.Guest
Switch users
Linux is case sensitive.
True
True or False: The Ubuntu shell command, sudo, does not require the root password, even though it will give you temporary root account privileges for administrative tasks.
True
True or False: Ubuntu and Fedora are sources of Linux distributions.
True
Linux is modeled on which operating system?
UNIX
live image
a bootable image of the operating system that will run from disc or other bootable media without requiring that the OS be installed on the local computer
red hat
a company that was founded in 1993 and has grown into a premier distributor of linux, sold as red hat linux.
ISO image
a copy of the entire contents of a CD that can be easily transferred to a writeable CD with ISO image copy software.
path
a description that an operating system uses to identify the location of a file or directory
home directory
a directory created for a user using the user login name and located under the/ home directory. this is the one place in linux where an ordinary user account has full control over files without being logged in as the root account.
command completion
a feature of Linux and UNIX (and macOS Terminal) that completes what is entered at the command lien with a command name or file or directory name
switch users
a feature of most operating systems that allows the currently logged on users to leave their apps and data open in memory, switching away so that another user can log in to a separate session
linux
a freely-distributable open source operating system that runs on a number of hardware platforms
Ubuntu
a group of linux distributions supported by a company name canonical
Launcher
a gui object (a bar) on the left side of the Ubuntu unity desktop that serves the same purpose as the macOS Dock and the pinned items feature on the taskbar on the Windows Desktop
Kickoff Application Launcher
a gui object on the KDE GUI bundled with Fedora that, when clicked opens a menu (similar to the windows start menu) for launching programs
web
a shortened version of the term world wide web
wild card
a symbol that replaces a character or string of characters as a a parameter in a CLI command
red-hat package manager
a system designed by red hat to standardize the process of installing, unistalling and updating linux software packages.
raw write
a utility that comes with most distributions of linux and is used to create a boot able floopy disk.
access mode number
a value assigned to a file permissio in Linux. The user(owner), group and others each have a different access mode number calculated using the following values read = 4 write = 2 execute 1
access mode number
a value assigned to a file permission in linux. the user (owner), group, and others each have a different access mode number that is calculated using the following values: read=4, write=2, and execute=1.
terminal window
a window in a Linux Gui that provides a command-line interface for entering Linux shell commands
GNOME
an acronym for GNU network object model enviroment, a Linux GUI that uses the Linux X Windows system
GNOME
an acronym for GNU network object model environment, a UNIX GUI that uses the X windows system.
BASH
an acronym for bourne again shell. the component (shell) that provides the character-mode user interface for entering and processing commands, issuing error messages and other limited feedback.
object code
an executable program, the result of compiling programming statements, that can be interpreted by a computer's CPU or operating system and a loaded into memory as a running program
panel
an object with GNOME GUI (for linux) resembling the windows taskbar and residing at the bottom of the screen. on the left panel is a red hat icon with a tiny triangle that can be used to open the GNOME menu which is similar to the windows start menu.
Linux
an open source operating system based on UNIX that developed by Linus Torvalds and others in beginning in 1991
GNU
an organization created in 1984 for the purpose of developing a free version of unix-like operating system. GNU, a recurive acronym for GNU's not UNIX has developed thousands of applications that run on UNIX and linux platforms. many are distributed with versions of linux.
GNU
an organization created in 1984 to develop a free version of a UNIX like operating system. GNU develops applications that run-on UNIX and Linux platforms. Many are distributed with versions of LInux
BASH
ana cronym for Bourne Again Shell; the linux component (shell) that provides the character-mode user interface for entering and processing commands, issuing error messages, and other feedback
When in the terminal window, which command would return you to your Home directory, no matter what directory is current?
cd ~
Use this shell command to modify file permissions.
chmod
Which Linux command can you use to change file permissions?
chmod
Use this shell command to copy files.
cp
What is the Linux shell command to copy a file? a.cpy b.rm c.mv d.copy e.cp
cp
What is the command a user invokes to log off when working at the Linux shell?
exit
The Ubuntu shell command, sudo, does not require the root password, even though it will give you temporary root account privileges for administrative tasks.
false
Everything in Linux is a ________.
file
This is the one place in Linux where an ordinary user has full control.
home directory
home directory
in Linux a directory created fro a user, using the user's login name and located under the /home directory. This is the one place in Linux where an ordinary user account has full control over files without login in as the root account
case-aware
in an operating system a feautre that allows that allows the OS to preserve the case used for the characters in a file name when creating it, but does not require the correct case when opening or managing the file
case-sensitive
in an operating system, a feature that allows the OS to preserve the case used fro the file characters in a file name when creating it, and requires the correct case to open or manage the file
symbolic link
in linux a string of characters such as /usr/bin that points to another directory
daemon
in linux software that runs in background until it is activated
owner
in linux the user account that creates a file or directory.
root account
in linux, an all powerful account that is used only when absolutely necessary to do advanced tasks
owner
in linux, the user account that creates a file or directory. this term is also used in Windwos
What command displays a text file one page (screenful) at a time? a.mkdir b.more c.pwd d.cd e.rm
more
What command displays the entire contents of a file, pausing when the screen is full and waiting for a keystroke to continue?
more
What command will display the current directory?
pwd
RHEL
red hat enterprise linux red hats commercially available version of Linux
Which of the following will result in an error message if you enter it at the Linux command prompt?
shutdown-h now
Which of the following will result in an error message if you enter it at the Linux command prompt? /home shutdown-h now read shutdown -h now
shutdown-h now
open-source software
software distributed with all its source code allowing developers to customize it as necessary.
open source software
software distributed with all its source code, allowing developers to customize it as necessary
Precede a Linux shell command with this command when you are logged on as an administrator, and you can temporarily run the command, even if it normally requires root-level privileges.
sudo
Which of the following would you enter at the Linux command line to shut down Linux immediately and to power off the computer?
sudo shutdown now
What is the shell command (and option) to turn off a Linux computer immediately?
sudo shutdown now.
World wide web
the graphical internet consisting of a vast array of documents located on millions of specialized servers worldwide
command line history
the linux and UNIX feautre that saves a command lien history in a file names bash_history
x window system
the program code used as the basis for many GUI's for Linux or UNIX
source code
the uncompiled text program statements that can be viewed and edited with a text editor or special software
Which of the following is true when you delete a user in Linux?
the users home directory is not deleted
burn
to write digital data just once to a CD or DVD disc
Which command will delete a user?
userdel
