NREMT Certification Practice Test
A 19-year-old female is found unconscious in her apartment living room. While surveying the apartment, your partner yells from the patient's bedroom, "She has an SVN machine in here!" This suggests the patient has a history of A. respiratory problems. B. heart disease. C. drug abuse. D. sleep apnea.
A
A 30-year-old male was stabbed in the abdomen during an assault. The knife is impaled in his right lower abdominal quadrant. It is important to A. stabilize the knife in place. B. remove the knife and apply direct pressure. C. place the patient on his side. D. transport the patient in a seated position.
A
A 36-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is anxious, has intercostal retractions, and nasal flaring. Her respiratory rate is 24 breaths per minute. You do not have a pulse oximeter. You should A. administer oxygen via nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm. B. withhold oxygen until a pulse oximeter reading is obtained. C. apply a nasal cannula at 4 lpm. D. begin positive pressure ventilations.
A
An elderly female reportedly had a severe headache for the last 24 hours. She was recently found unconscious in bed. Her family reports she has a history of hypertension and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). The patient's current condition is most likely due to which of the following? A. a hemorrhagic stroke B. a cardiac emergency C. another TIA D. a migraine headache
A
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can reduce respiratory distress by A. helping to keep the alveoli open. B. stimulating sleep apnea. C. relieving foreign body airway obstruction. D. increasing the need for artificial ventilation.
A
Coordinating efforts through a unified command system at a mass casualty incident will likely A. reduce duplication of effort and freelancing. B. make communications more difficult. C. delay patient care and transport. D. run efficiently even without prior practice.
A
Life-threatening bleeding should be found and treated during which of the following? A. primary assessment B. scene size-up C. secondary assessment D. patient history
A
Nerve agents and choking agents are examples of A. chemical agents. B. nuclear weapons. C. biological agents. D. radiological weapons.
A
The hypoxic respiratory drive works by monitoring: A. oxygen levels. B. carbon dioxide levels. C. blood glucose levels. D. the pulse oximetry (SpO2) reading.
A
When caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency, it is critical to bear in mind that A. the behavior may be caused by a physiological condition. B. treatment is not needed if there are no physiological abnormalities. C. any conscious patient can refuse treatment and transport. D. the patient must be restrained if he/she verbalizes suicidal thoughts.
A
When there are signs and symptoms that your patient is hypoxic, you should do which of the following? A. Administer oxygen at 15 lpm via nonrebreather mask. B. Always obtain a pulse oximeter reading before administering oxygen. C. Contact medical direction to determine the correct oxygen therapy. D. Assess baseline vitals before determining how oxygen should be administered.
A
Which of the following adult patients is breathing adequately? A. a patient with respirations at 16 per minute and equal chest rise and fall B. a patient with rapid, shallow respirations C. a patient with shallow respirations at 8 per minute D. a patient with snoring respirations and cyanosis
A
Which of the following is true during inhalation of a spontaneously breathing patient? A. There is a drop in pressure within the thorax. B. There is an increase in pressure within the thorax. C. Air is being pushed into the lungs. D. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles are relaxed.
A
Which of the following is true regarding the Emergency Response Guide (ERG)? A. The ERG helps identify the evacuation distance for specific hazardous materials. B. The ERG provides off-line medical direction for emergency responders. C. The ERG identifies all additional resources needed for a hazardous materials incident. D. The ERG describes the triage protocol for a hazardous materials incident.
A
Which of the following medications is intended to decrease myocardial workload and increase myocardial blood flow? A. nitroglycerin B. activated charcoal C. aspirin D. epinephrine
A
Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is more commonly found in pediatric patients? A. see-saw respirations B. cyanosis C. tachypnea D. altered level of consciousness
A
You are called for a drowning victim at a family barbecue. Upon arrival, two family members approach you yelling, swearing, and demanding to know what took so long. One of the family members pushes you. You should A. retreat and request immediate assistance from law enforcement. B. explain to the family where you responded from and why you were delayed. C. order the family members to back off and take you to the patient. D. tell the family that assaulting an EMS provider is a felony.
A
You are caring for a 22-year-old female who complains of respiratory distress after exercising. She is alert, speaking full sentences, and has a persistent cough. She is most likely experiencing which of the following? A. respiratory distress with adequate breathing B. respiratory distress with inadequate breathing C. respiratory paralysis D. respiratory arrest
A
You are caring for a confused and restless 16-year-old female with blunt chest trauma following a single vehicle accident. She complains of severe dyspnea. You note a reduced tidal volume, cyanosis, and tachycardia. Which of the following should be done first? A. Begin positive pressure ventilations. B. Perform a rapid scan. C. Perform a secondary exam. D. Obtain a pulse oximeter reading.
A
You are dispatched for a possible stroke. Upon arrival, you determine the patient is responsive to painful stimuli. Which of the following should be assessed first for this patient? A. airway B. blood pressure C. pulses D. skin
A
You are transporting a pregnant patient from an urgent care center to a high-risk OB facility. The transferring physician tells you the patient may have an abruptio placenta. This means A. the placenta is prematurely separating from the uterine wall. B. the amniotic sac is ruptured and leaking amniotic fluid. C. the patient is going into labor prematurely. D. the placenta is covering the cervical opening.
A
You have just loaded your patient into the ambulance for transport to the hospital. Which of the following should always be done before initiating transport? A. Put on your seat belt. B. Reassess vital signs. C. Assess the patient's SpO2. D. Contact medical direction.
A
Your patient has a partial thickness burn to his anterior chest. It is about the size of the palm of his hand. What is the approximate total body surface area of the burn? A. 1% B. 3% C. 5% D. 7%
A
Your patient is a construction worker who fell from a residential rooftop. He is responsive to pain. Breaths are shallow and irregular. You should do which of the following? A. Provide artificial ventilations with a bag-mask device and high-flow oxygen. B. Obtain an SpO2 reading before determining if oxygen is necessary. C. Apply a nonrebreather mask with high-flow oxygen. D. Apply a nasal cannula and reassess the patient.
A
Your patient was injured during an industrial accident. He has an abdominal laceration with internal organs protruding. You should apply A. a moist, sterile dressing. B. a dry, sterile dressing. C. a tourniquet. D. an ice pack.
A
You are called for a 6-month-old infant with respiratory distress. Which of the following is true about patients in this age group? (Select the TWO answer options that apply.) A. Infants are obligate nose breathers. B. Infants require forceful ventilations with the BVM. C. Infants are more resistant to hypoxia than adults. D. Infants often develop bradycardia due to hypoxia. E. Infants with respiratory distress typically have COPD.
A, D
Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is more common in pediatric patients? (Select the THREE answer options that apply.) A. bradycardia B. anxiety C. tachycardia D. restlessness E. head bobbing F. nasal flaring
A, E, F
A 16-year-old male is unconscious following an assault. When you insert an OPA, the patient begins gagging. You should A. continue to insert the airway and prepare to suction as needed. B. remove the OPA and suction as needed. C. insert a smaller OPA. D. insert an advanced oral airway.
B
An elderly patient reportedly collapsed on a golf course almost 10 minutes ago. You assess her level of consciousness and determine she is unresponsive. Which of the following should you do first? A. Open the airway and insert an OPA. B. Check a pulse and begin CPR if needed. C. Provide ventilations with high-flow oxygen. D. Attach the AED.
B
How should you open the airway of an unresponsive patient with an unknown mechanism of injury? A. log-roll technique B. jaw-thrust maneuver C. head tilt-chin lift D. tongue-jaw lift
B
In unresponsive patients over one year of age, you should palpate which of the following? A. radial pulse B. carotid pulse C. brachial pulse D. femoral pulse
B
Shallow respirations and bradypnea will likely cause A. easier visibility of chest rise and fall. B. a decrease in minute volume. C. a rise in pulse oximetry - SpO2) readings. D. reduced carbon dioxide levels.
B
The foramen magnum A. connects the forearm to the humerus. B. is an opening at the base of the skull. C. attaches the patella to the knee joint. D. allows lateral movement of the head.
B
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the A. pulmonary arteries. B. pulmonary veins. C. superior venae cavae. D. inferior venae cavae.
B
Treatment should begin at a mass casualty incident A. once law enforcement has collected evidence. B. after triage has been completed. C. after advanced life support providers arrive. D. before additional resources are requested.
B
When a pulse oximeter is available, how should oxygen be administered to a patient experiencing chest pain? A. Administer oxygen to maintain a pulse oximeter reading of 93% or less. B. Administer oxygen to maintain a pulse oximeter reading of at least 95%. C. Always administer oxygen at 15 lpm via nonrebreather mask. D. Contact medical direction to determine the correct oxygen therapy.
B
Which of the following accurately describes supine hypotensive syndrome? A. compression of the descending aorta by the uterus B. compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus C. compression of the heart by the pericardial sac D. compression of the lung due to air in the thorax
B
Which of the following conditions would most likely cause hypovolemic shock? A. a spinal cord injury B. laceration of the liver C. insulin shock D. appendicitis
B
Which of the following findings indicates partial obstruction of the upper airway? A. rales B. stridor C. rhonchi D. wheezes
B
Which of the following interventions should be performed first for an unresponsive patient with a suspected spinal cord injury? A. head-tilt, chin-lift B. jaw thrust maneuver C. oropharyngeal airway D. nasopharyngeal airway
B
Which of the following is considered a normal capillary refill time for infants and children? A. less than 1 second B. less than 2 seconds C. less than 4 seconds D. less than 6 seconds
B
Which of the following physiological responses helps protect the body from overheating? A. shivering B. peripheral vasodilation C. peripheral vasoconstriction D. syncope
B
You are caring for a multi-system trauma patient with possible internal bleeding. Select the correct statement about the rapid scan for a multi-system trauma patient: A. The rapid scan is used to identify all injuries. B. The rapid scan is used to identify life-threatening conditions. C. The rapid scan is another term for the "detailed exam." D. The rapid scan is not required on trauma patients.
B
You are caring for an unresponsive diabetic patient with deep, rapid respirations. The patient's blood glucose is 480 mg/dL. Which of the following is most likely correct? A. This patient is likely hyperventilating due to severe alkalosis. B. This patient is likely hyperventilating due to severe acidosis. C. This patient's hyperventilations will increase CO2 levels in the blood. D. This patient's hyperventilations will rapidly lower the blood glucose level.
B
You are conducting a primary assessment on an elderly fall victim who complains of hip pain. While assessing circulation, you should check A. skin condition, pulse oximetry, and capillary refill. B. pulses, external bleeding, and skin condition. C. distal pulses in the lower extremities. D. pulses, motor function, and sensation.
B
You are considering administration of oral glucose to your diabetic patient. This drug is contraindicated when it A. is not prescribed to the patient. B. poses a significant risk of harm. C. produces undesired effects. D. is likely to relieve the patient's symptoms.
B
You are dispatched for a homeless person found unresponsive. You find the patient prone on the sidewalk unresponsive to pain. You should do which of the following first? A. Assess the blood glucose level. B. Log-roll the patient into a supine position. C. Auscultate lung sounds. D. Expose the patient and check the back for apparent injuries.
B
You are the first ambulance on the scene of a motor vehicle accident. Your first action upon arrival should be to A. determine if extrication is needed. B. assess the scene for hazards. C. identify the number of patients. D. ask bystanders what happened.
B
You are treating a patient with respiratory distress. He has a history of multiple myocardial infarctions. Lung sounds indicate pulmonary edema. You note the patient does NOT have any JVD or pedal edema. The patient is most likely experiencing A. angina. B. left heart failure. C. right heart failure. D. asthma.
B
You are ventilating a patient with a stoma. You note air is escaping from the mouth and nose with each breath. You should A. perform a jaw thrust maneuver. B. manually seal the mouth and nose. C. open the airway using a head tilt-chin lift. D. reduce the tidal volume of each ventilation.
B
You arrive at the residence of an ill person. A child opens the door and says his dad is locked in the bedroom with his gun. You should do which of the following? A. Ask the child to get his dad. B. Retreat to safety and request law enforcement. C. Attempt to communicate with the child's father. D. Restrain the father and secure any weapons.
B
You respond to a preschool facility for an ill child. Upon arrival, you find an unresponsive 8-month-old. The infant has a palpable pulse of 50 beats per minute. Your next action should be to A. open the airway and assess breathing. B. begin chest compressions. C. immediately transport the child. D. attach the AED.
B
Your 67-year-old patient recently began taking a new medication. He is complaining of a sudden onset of severe respiratory distress. He quickly becomes semi-conscious and unable to follow verbal commands. His pulse oximeter (SpO2) is 89%. You should A. insert an oropharyngeal airway. B. assist ventilations with a BVM. C. apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device. D. apply high-flow oxygen via NRB.
B
Your patient has severe bleeding to her forearm. If direct pressure does not control the bleeding, you should immediately A. transport the patient. B. apply a tourniquet. C. apply pressure to the proximal artery. D. replace the blood-soaked dressing.
B
Epinephrine is indicated for anaphylaxis because it has which of the following effects? (Select the THREE answer options that apply.) A. bradypnea B. tachycardia C. peripheral vasodilation D. peripheral vasoconstriction E. bronchodilation F. bronchoconstriction
B, D, E
You and your partner are preparing to lift the stretcher into the ambulance with a 300-pound patient. To protect yourself from injury, you should do which of the following? (Select the TWO answer options that apply.) A. Position your feet close together. B. Keep the weight close to your body. C. Lift with your palms facing down. D. Lock your legs straight and bend at the waist. E. Keep your back straight and bend at the knees.
B, E
A patient with an isolated concussion injury will likely: A. get progressively worse over time. B. lose consciousness for long periods. C. progressively improve over time. D. require an extended hospital stay.
C
Question 84 Which of the following statements about distributive shock is correct? A. Distributive shock is caused by impaired cardiac function. B. Distributive shock is caused by severe bleeding. C. Distributive shock is caused by widespread vasodilation. D. Distributive shock is caused by severe hypoglycemia.
C
Shock is caused by A. hyperactivity of a major organ. B. the body's maintenance of homeostasis. C. inadequate tissue perfusion. D. systemic constriction of the blood vessels.
C
The primary assessment of an adult with chest pain includes: A. Identify the specific cause of the patient's pain. B. Ensure the scene is safe. C. Determine the transport priority. D. Reassess vital signs.
C
The rapid extrication technique should be used at a motor vehicle accident when A. the scene is not safe. B. the mechanism of injury is minor and the patient denies injury. C. the patient has life-threatening injuries. D. there is a high risk of spinal injury and no life-threatening conditions.
C
To determine if CPR is indicated for an unresponsive patient less than one year of age, you should assess the A. radial pulse. B. carotid pulse. C. brachial pulse. D. femoral pulse.
C
Which of the following describes the purpose of administering aspirin to a suspected myocardial infarction patient? A. Aspirin dilates the coronary arteries. B. Aspirin will eliminate cardiac-related chest pain. C. Aspirin reduces platelet aggregation in the coronary arteries. D. Aspirin reduces the risk of metabolic acidosis.
C
Which of the following is the first priority at a hazardous material incident? A. Identify the hazardous material. B. Request additional resources. C. Ensure your own safety. D. Evacuate bystanders.
C
Which of the following patients should be your highest transport priority? A. an adult with a superficial burn that covers 15% of the total body surface area B. any first-degree burn to the hands or feet of a pediatric patient C. a full-thickness burn with respiratory compromise D. any burn with severe pain over 10% total body surface area
C
Which of the following provides oxygenated blood directly to the heart? A. cerebral arteries B. carotid arteries C. coronary arteries D. femoral arteries
C
While assessing an unresponsive patient, you discover a penetrating wound to the anterior chest. You should first do which of the following? A. Apply a trauma dressing. B. Continue your assessment. C. Apply an occlusive dressing. D. Assess the blood pressure.
C
While attempting to restrain a combative patient, your partner is bitten on the arm. Which of the following is true of bite wounds? A. Human bites pose little risk of infection. B. Human saliva carries strong anticoagulant enzymes. C. Human bites pose a high risk of infection. D. Human bites are not dangerous if all vaccines are up-to-date.
C
You are caring for a 3-year-old patient in cardiac arrest. What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for two-person CPR on this patient? A. 3 compressions to 1 ventilation B. 5 compressions to 1 ventilation C. 15 compressions to 2 ventilations D. 30 compressions to 2 ventilations
C
You are caring for a patient who was ejected during a single vehicle rollover. The patient responds incoherently to verbal commands. You should do which of the following first? A. Perform a secondary assessment. B. Determine the pulse rate. C. Assess the patient's airway. D. Log-roll the patient onto a spine board.
C
You are dispatched to a neighborhood park on a warm day for an 8-year-old with difficulty breathing. You find the patient breathing adequately but with some accessory muscle use. You note expiratory wheezes and a persistent cough. The patient states, "I need my medicine!" The patient is likely experiencing which of the following? A. exercise induced pulmonary edema B. a severe airway obstruction C. an asthma attack D. heat exhaustion
C
You are dispatched to a soccer game for a 12-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. Upon arrival, the patient's mother hands you an epinephrine auto-injector. You should do which of the following? A. Direct the mother to administer the epi-pen. B. Administer the epi-pen. C. Begin the primary assessment. D. Contact the physician that prescribed the epi-pen.
C
You are dispatched to the local jail for a prisoner found unresponsive in her cell. Her airway is clear. Respirations are rapid and shallow. The pulse oximeter reads 90%. Your first action should be to A. check the blood glucose level. B. initiate immediate transport. C. begin positive pressure ventilations. D. assess the blood pressure.
C
You are first on the scene of an overturned container truck. You note a placard, but do not recognize the ID number. There is fluid leaking from the vehicle. You should A. position the ambulance downhill from the overturned vehicle. B. determine if the driver has exited the vehicle. C. notify your dispatcher a hazardous materials team is needed. D. begin containing the fluid leaking from the vehicle.
C
You are treating a 35-year-old man who was stung by a bee. He is allergic to bees and has a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector. His breath sounds are clear and non-labored. His BP is 130/82. How should you manage this patient? A. Administer the epinephrine and transport rapidly. B. Begin immediate transport and administer the epinephrine en route. C. Assess the patient for signs of hypoxia, administer oxygen as needed, and transport. D. Let medical control know your anaphylactic patient needs his epinephrine.
C
Your 8-year-old patient has blunt chest trauma after being struck by a car. The patient is alert. His airway is clear, breathing is adequate, and pulses are present but weak at 110 beats per minute. Which of the following should you do next? A. Ask the patient for consent to transport. B. Insert an oropharyngeal airway. C. Perform a rapid scan. D. Obtain an SpO2 reading.
C
Your patient has partial thickness burns over 35% of his body surface area. You should A. immerse the burn area in water. B. leave the burn area exposed. C. apply a dry, sterile burn sheet. D. offer the patient icepacks to reduce pain.
C
You are first on the scene of a motor vehicle collision involving multiple vehicles. Which of the following should you do first? (Select the TWO answer options that apply.) A. Start the triage process. B. Begin extrication of trapped patients. C. Request additional resources. D. Perform a primary assessment. E. Determine scene safety.
C, E
A nonrebreather mask should be administered to patients who A. have slow, shallow respirations. B. have a reduced tidal volume. C. are breathing inadequately. D. are breathing adequately with signs of hypoxia.
D
A patient is being ventilated by mouth-to-mask ventilations without supplemental oxygen. What percentage of oxygen is the patient receiving? A. 16% B. 21% C. 44% D. 6%
D
An oropharyngeal airway is indicated for which of the following patients? A. a 35-year-old semiconscious patient B. a 14-year-old conscious patient C. a 22-year-old confused patient with dyspnea D. a 44-year-old unconscious patient
D
Carbon monoxide exposure is dangerous because it A. collapses red blood cells. B. causes pulmonary edema. C. stimulates bronchial constriction. D. displaces oxygen in the blood.
D
During a hazardous materials incident, you should take standard precautions A. just prior to any invasive procedures. B. only if the patient is actively bleeding. C. once you determine the patient is unresponsive. D. before making contact with the patient.
D
Inadequate oxygen delivery to the body's tissues is called A. hypercarbia. B. hypoperfusion. C. shock. D. hypoxia.
D
The most common weapon of mass destruction used by terrorists is which of the following? A. nuclear weapons B. biological weapons C. chemical weapons D. explosive weapons
D
Which of the following is the most frequent cause of airway obstruction? A. fluid B. toys C. vomit D. the tongue
D
Which of the following vessels carries deoxygenated blood? A. aorta B. renal artery C. pulmonary veins D. pulmonary arteries
D
While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He is unable to speak, has a faint inspiratory stridor and cyanosis around the lips. You should A. encourage him to cough as forcefully as he can. B. deliver up to five back blows and reassess him. C. place him in a supine position and open his airway. D. stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts.
D
You are called for a 40-year-old female with a severe headache. She is 32 weeks pregnant. The patient history reveals she also has nausea, blurred vision, and sudden edema in her face and hands. Her blood pressure is 156/96. The patient is most likely experiencing A. an absence seizure. B. a spontaneous abortion. C. eclampsia. D. preeclampsia.
D
You are caring for a 12-year-old who was injured at the neighborhood skate park. He was not wearing a helmet and is responsive to pain. You note snoring respirations and deformity to the left ankle. You should first A. suction the airway and insert an OPA. B. secure the patient to a long board and transport. C. splint the injured ankle. D. open the airway with spinal precautions.
D
You are caring for a 6-year-old patient with respiratory distress. The pulse oximeter ( Sp02) reads 93%. Your management of the patient should include: A. Withhold oxygen until the patient develops accessory muscle use. B. Contact the patient's pediatrician prior to transport. C. Administer a metered dose inhaler if prescribed to a parent or sibling. D. Administer sufficient oxygen to maintain a pulse oximeter reading of at least 95%.
D
You are on the scene of a motor vehicle accident. The driver is trapped in a vehicle that is smoking and leaking an unknown fluid. When is it appropriate to enter the vehicle and begin patient care? A. Enter the vehicle immediately if the patient's condition is unstable. B. Disconnect the vehicle's battery and then enter. C. Enter the vehicle immediately after you confirm it is in park. D. Do not enter until trained rescuers determine the vehicle is safe to enter.
D
You are treating an unresponsive patient with slow, shallow respirations and pinpoint pupils. Which of the following conditions is most likely? A. myocardial infarction B. hyperglycemia C. amphetamine overdose D. opioid overdose
D
Your 5-year-old patient is unresponsive. A carotid pulse is present at 40 beats per minute. Breaths are shallow at six per minute. You should immediately do which of the following? A. Apply a nonrebreather mask. B. Begin artificial ventilations. C. Place the patient in the recovery position. D. Begin chest compressions.
D
Your 6-year-old patient jumped from a swing and injured his right leg. You note deformity to the right leg above the ankle. The patient most likely has a fracture to the A. proximal radius. B. distal ulna. C. proximal fibula. D. distal tibia.
D
Your adult patient reportedly smoked an unknown substance and passed out. The patient has inadequate ventilations and your partner begins ventilating with the BVM. Which of the following is the best indicator your patient is being ventilated adequately? A. a ventilatory rate of at least 20 breaths per minute B. poor compliance when squeezing the BVM C. a pulse oximeter (SpO2) of 90% D. adequate bilateral chest rise and fall during BVM ventilation
D
Your patient exhibits crepitus to the thorax, paradoxical motion, and signs of hypoxia. You should suspect A. a ruptured spleen. B. bilateral femur fractures. C. anaphylaxis. D. a flail chest.
D
Your patient has been exposed to a chemical that overstimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. You would expect this patient to exhibit which of the following? A. dilated pupils B. dry mouth C. hypertension D. vomiting
D
Your patient is unresponsive following blunt trauma to the head. Which of the following is the EMT's first priority for an unresponsive patient? A. Assess respiratory rate. B. Open the airway. C. Perform a SAMPLE history. D. Determine if CPR is indicated.
D
Your pediatric patient has spontaneous respirations. This means the patient is breathing A. at a normal rate. B. with adequate tidal volume. C. without difficulty. D. without assistance.
D
