NREMT Practice Question

104 How far should a rigid tip suction catheter be inserted into the mouth? Never past the third molar to the pre-measured depth Until resistance is met Until it reaches the vocal cords, as long as a gag reflex is not present

to the pre-measured depth

250. Which of the following terms describes the pressure in the heart as blood volume increases prior to contraction? Afterload Contractility Systolic blood pressure Preload

Preload

468 The Glasgow Coma Scale assigns a numerical score to three individual parameters when assessing a patient's overall level of consciousness following an injury. Which one of the following is not evaluated as part of the Glasgow Coma Scale? Verbal response Motor response Visual acuity Eye-opening response

Visual acuity

613 Which of the following is a common sign/symptom of hyperglycemia, but not of hypoglycemia? Unsteady gait Vomiting Rapid, weak pulse Hypotension

Vomiting

474 Which of the following is typically not a sign of septic shock? Cool, clammy skin Tachycardia Warm skin Hypotension

Cool, clammy skin

509 Which of the following is considered a symptom? Jaundice Blood pressure of 90/58 mmHg Pinpoint pupils Abdominal pain

Abdominal pain

26 What is the most appropriate treatment for a patient in respiratory failure? Nasal cannula Airway adjunct and nonrebreather mask Nonrebreather mask Assisted ventilation

Assisted ventilation

114 An adult patient may have alcohol toxicity. Which of the following signs can be seen? Restlessness Arrhythmias Hypertension Bradypnea

Bradypnea

736. Which of the following is a stage of the grieving process, per Dr. Kübler-Ross's theory? Anxiety Denial Anorexia Decompensation

Denial

434 Which of the following signs is most indicative of hypovolemic shock in an adult? jugular vein distention Sluggish pupils Cool, clammy skin decreased respiration rate

Cool, clammy skin

571 Which of the following is the largest bone in the body? Skull Femur Pelvis Clavicle

Femur

162 A nontraumatic adult patient is experiencing obvious respiratory distress. What is the most appropriate position in which to place the patient during transport? Prone position Supine position Recovery position Fowler position

Fowler position

539 In which of the following routes is an auto-injectable syringe of epinephrine administered? Subcutaneous Intradermal Intranasal Intramuscular

Intramuscular

424 What are the two types of nerves within the peripheral nervous system? Sympathetic and motor Sensory and motor Sensory and sympathetic Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Sensory and motor

32 Which of the following is described as a brassy, crowing sound that is most prominent on inspiration? Wheezing Stridor Rhonchi Crackles

Stridor

336 A 28-year-old woman involved in a motor vehicle collision is found still restrained in the driver's seat of her car. She is conscious and alert but complains of neck and back pain. Which of the following should be asked to help assess for possible spinal injuries? "Are you able to lift both legs and hold them up together?" "How did the accident happen?" "Can you squeeze my hands?" "What is the day of the week?"

"Can you squeeze my hands?"

207. A 40-year-old male complains of substernal chest pain that began at rest. He has a cardiac history and is prescribed nitroglycerin but states he has not taken any prior to EMS arrival. His vital signs are within normal limits and his skin is warm and dry. Which of the following questions would help determine if this patient has any further contraindications to taking this medication? "What does the pain feel like?" "Is your pain radiating anywhere?" "Have you had this type of chest pain before?" "Have you taken any type of erectile dysfunction medication in the past 48 hours?"

"Have you taken any type of erectile dysfunction medication in the past 48 hours?"

743. Which of the following is a good example of an appropriate way to communicate with an elderly patient? "I will try to talk very slowly so you can understand me." "Sir, I'm going to try to make you as comfortable as I can on our way to the hospital." "Sir, everything has already been explained to your son, so just relax." "You just sit down on this nice chair, sweetie."

"Sir, I'm going to try to make you as comfortable as I can on your way to the hospital."

29 Which of the following statements would be specific to a patient in a respiratory emergency during history taking? "Ma'am, tell me about your first pregnancy." "Sir, when was the last time you used your metered-dose inhaler?" "Ma'am, what is your date of birth?" "Sir, what is going on today?"

"Sir, when was the last time you used your metered-dose inhaler?"

279. A 56-year-old male patient with a cardiac history complains of substernal chest pain. Which question is asked to assess the "O" portion of the OPQRST mnemonic? "What were you doing when the pain began?" "How long does the pain last?" "How bad is the pain now?" "What does the pain feel like?"

"What were you doing when the pain began?"

607 Which of the following is not commonly asked of a patient during an orientation evaluation? "Would you please tell me your name?" "Would you please tell me where we are right now?" "Would you please tell me today's date?" "Would you please tell me who is president of the United States?"

"Would you please tell me who is president of the United States?"

404 A patient has a partial-thickness burn to the palm of one hand. What is the approximate total body surface area of the burn? 1% 3% 5% 7%

1%

238. Assuming the assessment for a pulse and breathing are done simultaneously, what is the maximum time these assessments should take? 60 seconds 15 seconds 30 seconds 10 seconds

10 seconds

406 A three-year-old was playing in the kitchen and dumped a pan of boiling water on his body, suffering partial-thickness burns to a portion of his lower body, sparing the feet and genitals. At what percentage of total body surface area would this patient's burns be considered severe? 10% 15% 20% 25%

10%

78 What is the correct supplemental oxygen flow rate for a nonrebreather mask? 1-6 liters per minute 15-20 liters per minute 10-15 liters per minute 6-10 liters per minute

10-15 liters per minute

298. During resuscitation, what is the appropriate rate of compressions on an adult patient? 100 to 120 compressions per minute 80 to 100 compressions per minute 120 to 140 compressions per minute 60 to 80 compressions per minute

100 to 120 compressions per minute

136 Which of the following is the normal respiratory rate range for an adult patient at rest? 22-34 breaths per minute 6-10 breaths per minute 18-30 breaths per minute 12-20 breaths per minute

12-20 breaths per minute

98 What is the maximum tidal volume of a reservoir bag on an adult bag-valve mask? 1600 mL 240 mL 700 mL 600 mL

1600 mL

552 A six-year-old child accidentally ingested a bottle of baby aspirin less than 15 minutes before EMS arrival. Medical direction orders the administration of activated charcoal at a dose of 1 gram per kilogram of the patient's body weight. Which of the following dosages would be appropriate for this forty-pound child? 14 grams 24 grams 18 grams 12 grams

18 grams

577 Which of the following patients is most likely to suffer from a heat emergency? 24-year-old man complaining of leg cramps after running several miles 48-year-old man complaining of itchy skin on a hot summer afternoon 36-year-old woman with constricted pupils 28-year-old woman with noticeably decreased reflexes after exercise

24-year-old man complaining of leg cramps after running several miles

194. An automated external defibrillator (AED) is indicated in which of the following scenarios? 24-year-old woman who is unresponsive and without a palpable pulse 48-year-old man complaining of shortness of breath and chest discomfort 36-year-old man with significant traumatic injuries who is conscious and confused 42-year-old woman who is unresponsive and apneic, but has a palpable pulse

24-year-old woman who is unresponsive and without a palpable pulse

669. A twenty-car pile-up occurs and triage is initiated. Which of the following patients is considered the highest priority? 43 year old male with moderate burns to his forearm and abdomen 84 year old female in cardiac arrest 8 year old female with a closed tibia fracture 28 year old male with a sucking chest wound

28 year old male with a sucking chest wound

461 ALS providers are preparing to hyperventilate a patient who has a suspected brainstem herniation. As waveform capnography becomes available, what should be the target end-tidal carbon dioxide level during hyperventilation? 60-70 mmHg 40-45 mmHg 20-25 mmHg 30-35 mmHg

30-35 mmHg

111 Which of the following is the normal respiratory rate range for an infant patient at rest? 12-16 breaths per minute 24-40 breaths per minute 30-60 breaths per minute 18-30 breaths per minute

30-60 breaths per minute

478 Which of the following patients has the highest score on the Glasgow Coma Scale? 51-year-old female who opens her eyes to painful stimuli, responds with incomprehensible sounds, and withdraws from painful stimuli 49-year-old male who opens his eyes to painful stimuli, does not respond to speech, and has no motor response to verbal commands or painful stimuli 24-year-old female who opens her eyes in response to speech, responds with inappropriate words, and withdraws from painful stimuli 30-year-old male who maintains eye contact, responds with incomprehensible sounds, and follows basic commands

30-year-old male who maintains eye contact, responds with incomprehensible sounds, and follows basic commands

237. What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for one-person CPR on a child? 5:1 30:2 15:2 3:1

30:2

236. Which of following patients is most likely to have cardiac compromise? 23-year-old athlete with a pulse rate of 58 beats per minute 10-month-old infant with a pulse rate of 128 beats per minute 32-year-old man with an irregular pulse and dyspnea 42-year-old woman with a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute

32-year-old man with an irregular pulse and dyspnea

393 Which of the following burn patients would be considered the most critical? 12-year-old with full-thickness burns to the mid-leg covering 1% of the body 32-year-old with partial-thickness burns covering 20% of the body 32-year-old with partial-thickness burns covering 36% of the body 28-year-old with full-thickness burns covering 9% of the body

32-year-old with partial-thickness burns covering 36% of the body

605 A seven-day-old newborn has cyanosis on his face and chest and a palpable pulse of 90 beats per minute. Which of the following is an appropriate respiratory rate for this child? 62 breaths per minute 100 breaths per minute 36 breaths per minute 24 breaths per minute

36 breaths per minute

340 A three-year-old pulled a boiling pan of oil off the stove. He has third-degree burns over his entire head and the front of his trunk. Using the rule of nines, what percentage of the body's surface area is affected? 18% 27% 36% 45%

36%

187. How long can the brain be deprived of oxygen before developing irreversible brain damage? 10-12 minutes 4-6 minutes 1-3 minutes 8-10 minutes

4-6 minutes

533 Which of the following is the approximate time from conception to delivery in a normal gestation? 36 weeks 46 weeks 30 weeks 40 weeks

40 weeks

126 What is the maximum percentage of oxygen that can be delivered via a nasal cannula, at its maximum flow rate of six liters per minute? 55% 100% 44% 95%

44%

86 What is the maximum oxygen concentration that can be delivered via a nasal cannula? 22% 36% 44% 95%

44%

52 If a patient has a stroke volume of 75 mL per beat and a heart rate of 75 beats per minute, what is his or her cardiac output? 75 mL/min 5.6 L/min 1 mL/min 150 mL/min

5.6 L/min

145 When providing assisted ventilations via a bag-valve mask, what is the approximate tidal volume given that will cause a noticeable rise of an adult patient's chest? 500 ml 400 ml 1000 ml 800 ml

500 ml

325 An adult patient has sustained a likely closed femur fracture. Swelling, deformity and diminished pulses are noted. The patient is beginning to show early signs of hypovolemic shock but has no obvious external blood loss. How much blood can be lost due to internal bleeding secondary to a closed femoral shaft fracture? 1,000 to 1,500 mL 500 to 1,000 mL 1,500 to 2,000 mL More than 2,000 mL

500 to 1,000 mL

31 Assisted ventilations are about to be initiated for a patient with inadequate respirations. Which of the following is the approximate tidal volume that should be administered to an adult? 250 mL 1000 mL 750 mL 600 mL

600 mL

317. Which of the following patients is most likely experiencing cardiac compromise? 79-year-old woman with difficulty breathing, high fever, rapid pulse 63-year-old woman with headache, dizziness, gagging, and nausea 61-year-old man with chest pain, sudden sweating, difficulty breathing 43-year-old woman with wheezing, hives, tightness in throat

61-year-old man with chest pain, sudden sweating, difficulty breathing

178. Which of the following patients would be considered high priority? 69-year-old woman who appears confused, but responds to commands 62-year-old woman with severe chest pain 28-year-old woman in labor with contractions six minutes apart with no signs of complications or imminent childbirth 35-year-old man with moderate traumatic pain from a leg injury

62-year-old woman with severe chest pain

475 An unconscious adult patient has sustained a large laceration to his upper right thigh. His skin is cool, clammy, and pale. The patient has a palpable carotid pulse, but no palpable radial pulse. His systolic blood pressure is approximately at least: 100 mmHg 70 mmHg 90 mmHg 60 mmHg

70 mmHg

547 What is the normal blood glucose range for an adult? 80-120 mg/dL 60-80 mg/dL 60-90 mg/dL 120-160 mg/dL

80-120 mg/dL

352 At what level must a patient's systolic blood pressure be in order to find a palpable radial pulse? 90 mmHg 70 mmHg 80 mmHg 100 mmHg

90 mmHg

313. Which of the following patients is most likely to present with angina pectoris? A 32-year-old female who is wheezing and has an extensive hay fever history A 70-year-old male with a history of osteoporosis and diabetes without current symptoms A 21-year-old, tall, thin male with sudden onset dyspnea and unequal breath sounds A 38-year-old overweight male with chest heaviness and a history of hypertension

A 38-year-old overweight male with chest heaviness and a history of hypertension

755. In which of the following scenarios is a high-efficiency particle absorbing (HEPA) respirator to be used? A patient with a family history of hepatitis B A 46-year-old patient with a nonproductive cough and tuberculosis A 21-year-old patient with controlled bleeding and a history of HIV A 32-year-old patient with active nausea and a history of diabetes mellitus

A 46-year-old patient with a nonproductive cough and tuberculosis

287. In which of the following patients would nitroglycerin be indicated? A 59-year-old woman who has taken one previous dose of nitroglycerin two minutes ago, has a blood pressure of 95/85 mmHg, and has chest pain of a seven out of ten A 48-year-old woman who has not taken a previous dose of nitroglycerin, has a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg, and has chest pain of a ten out of ten A 65-year-old man who has nitroglycerin prescribed to his wife, has a blood pressure of 120/85 mmHg, and has chest pain of a seven out of ten A 52-year-old man who has taken one previous dose of nitroglycerin six minutes ago, has a blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg, and has chest pain of a seven out of ten

A 52-year-old man who has taken one previous dose of nitroglycerin six minutes ago, has a blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg, and has chest pain of a seven out of ten

248. Nitroglycerin is an effective medication to help reduce chest pain caused by ischemia. From which of the following patients should nitroglycerin be withheld? A 60-year-old patient with his own prescribed nitroglycerin, who takes carbamazepine, who complains of radiating chest pain, and who has a blood pressure of 138/80 mmHg A 66-year-old patient with his own prescribed nitroglycerin, who took sildenafil 72 hours ago, who complains of chest pressure and lightheadedness, and who has a blood pressure of 108/50 mmHg A 50-year-old patient with his own prescribed nitroglycerin, who complains of crushing chest pain, nausea and vomiting, and who has a blood pressure of 160/90 mmHg A 55-year-old patient with his own prescribed nitroglycerin, who took tadalafil 32 hours ago, who complains of chest discomfort and diaphoresis, and who has a blood pressure of 150/60 mmHg

A 55-year-old patient with his own prescribed nitroglycerin, who took tadalafil 32 hours ago, who complains of chest discomfort and diaphoresis, and who has a blood pressure of 150/60 mmHg

518 In which of the following scenarios is oral glucose most appropriate? A 48-year-old woman with a cardiac history who is behaving erratically after falling and hitting her head on the floor A 38-year-old man who admits to being intoxicated, is complaining that he is feeling dizzy, and claims to have low blood sugar A 72-year-old woman with a long-standing history of diabetes mellitus who is unconscious and has snoring respirations A 58-year-old male behaving as if he is intoxicated and whose son states that his father takes injectable insulin

A 58-year-old male behaving as if he is intoxicated and whose son states that his father takes injectable insulin

120 Which of the following patients should be placed on high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask? A 40-year-old man with a respiratory rate of 36 breaths per minute and shortness of breath A 65-year-old man with a respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute, exhibiting restlessness and tachycardia An alert 3-year-old child who is breathing at the rate of 26 breaths per minute, with adequate depth and pink lips A responsive 50-year-old man who is breathing at the rate of 8 times per minute and has blue lips

A 65-year-old man with a respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute, exhibiting restlessness and tachycardia

214. Which of the following patients has a contraindication for the administration of nitroglycerin? A 48-year-old woman, who has not taken a previous dose of nitroglycerin, has a blood pressure of 110/60 mmHg, and has chest pain of a ten out of ten A 52-year-old man, who has taken one previous dose of nitroglycerin six minutes ago, has a blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg, and has chest pain of a seven out of ten A 59-year-old woman, who has taken two previous doses of nitroglycerin five minutes apart, has a blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg, and has chest pain of a seven out of ten A 65-year-old man, who has nitroglycerin prescribed to his wife, has a blood pressure of 120/85 mmHg, and has chest pain of a seven out of ten

A 65-year-old man, who has nitroglycerin prescribed to his wife, has a blood pressure of 120/85 mmHg, and has chest pain of a seven out of ten

766. In general, which of the following is not a situation in which high-flow oxygen should be provided? A patient complaining of dyspnea A patient showing signs and symptoms of heart failure A chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient with an oxygen saturation of 95% A patient showing signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock

A chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient with an oxygen saturation of 95%

590 Which of the following diabetic situations would likely benefit from the administration of oral glucose? An alert and oriented patient who has hot, dry skin A confused patient who has hemiparesis and dysphagia An unconscious patient who may have accidentally taken too much insulin A confused patient who is cool and clammy with a patent airway

A confused patient who is cool and clammy with a patent airway

471 Which of the following patients would not be considered a high priority? An unconscious 29-year-old who was thrown from a horse A 30-year-old ejected from a car during a high-speed collision with suspected cervical spine injury A conscious and alert 18-year-old with lower extremity contusions and epistaxis after a bicycle accident A responsive 24-four-year-old unrestrained driver of a vehicle, who is unable to respond to commands

A conscious and alert 18-year-old with lower extremity contusions and epistaxis after a bicycle accident

665. Which of the following statements regarding a patient's right to refuse treatment is correct? A child who understands the consequences involved may refuse treatment and/or transport EMS personnel should immediately leave when a patient refuses care A conscious, alert adult with the capacity to make decisions may refuse treatment and/or transport No one can authorize treatment or transport for any other individual, regardless of the patient's age

A conscious, alert adult with the capacity to make decisions may refuse treatment and/or transport

64 Which of the following physical findings would be most indicative of a patient with suspected pleural effusion? A decrease in breath sounds Wet, crackling breath sounds Tracheal deviation away from the affected side Paradoxical chest wall movements

A decrease in breath sounds

512 An elderly male is pulseless, apneic, and exhibiting dependent lividity. Which of the following best describes dependent lividity? Decomposition of body tissue A blueing of the skin A stiffening of the body muscles A discoloration of the skin at the lowest point of the body

A discoloration of the skin at the lowest point of the body

433 Which of the following is a sign/symptom of a subdural hematoma? Unexplained palpitations A fluctuating level of consciousness Tracheal deviation Difficulty breathing

A fluctuating level of consciousness

171. What is the definition of ischemia? A blockage Death of body tissue A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels

A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow

210. What is the most preferred method for defibrillation of an infant? An adult-sized automatic external defibrillator (AED) A dose-attenuating system A manual defibrillator Pediatric-sized pads

A manual defibrillator

717. Which of the following is an example of a likely special reporting situation? A patient reluctant to receive treatment An error in documentation A mass-casualty incident Witnessing a crime while off duty

A mass-casualty incident

265. Which of the following statements is not correct about nitroglycerin? Nitroglycerin may be in the form of a tablet, spray, or skin patch A maximum of two doses can be given The systolic blood pressure must be greater than 100 mmHg to administer nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin tablets should be administered under the tongue

A maximum of two doses can be given

345 Which of the following can be treated with a traction splint? A tibia/fibula fracture An ankle fracture A pelvic fracture A mid-femoral fracture

A mid-femoral fracture

152 Which of the following statements is false in regard to oxygen administration through a nasal cannula? A nasal cannula delivers approximately 24% to 44% oxygen The recommended supplementation oxygen flow rate is one to six liters per mintue Nasal cannulas may be used if a patient is unable to tolerate a nonrebreather mask A nasal cannula is the preferred method for oxygen delivery in the prehospital setting

A nasal cannula is the preferred method for oxygen delivery in the prehospital setting

143 A semiconscious patient has an active gag reflex and requires an airway adjunct. Which of the following is indicated in this situation? An oropharyngeal airway A nasopharyngeal airway A laryngeal mask airway (LMA) device Combitube

A nasopharyngeal airway

108 What is the ideal position in which to place a child's head for the delivery of adequate ventilations? Flexed forward Hyperextended A neutral sniffing position To the side

A neutral sniffing position

41 An adult patient has shallow spontaneous breathing at 18 breaths per minute. Medical direction orders a delivery of at least 90% oxygen concentration to the patient. Which of the following is the most appropriate method of oxygen delivery to this patient? A nonrebreather mask with reservoir bag and supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute A mouth-to-mask device and supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute A bag-valve mask with reservoir bag and supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute A nasal cannula and supplemental oxygen flowing at 6 liters per minute

A nonrebreather mask with reservoir bag and supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute

47 Which of the following would be the best indication that a patient has good oxygen perfusion? A normal level of consciousness and good skin color Pink skin and dry mucous membranes A pulse oximetry of 94% Lack of dsypnea

A normal level of consciousness and good skin color

24 Which of the following is true regarding the use of a pocket mask to ventilate a non-breathing patient? There is direct contact between the rescuer and the patient's mouth Oxygen levels of 100% may be achieved Supplemental oxygen cannot be connected to the barrier device A one-way valve prevents the backflow of secretions, vomitus, and gases

A one-way valve prevents the backflow of secretions, vomitus, and gases

6 During the initial assessment of a semiconscious patient's airway, snoring respirations are heard. What are these respirations an indication of? The bronchi are constricted Mucus or secretions in the larger airway Fluid in the upper airway A partially obstructed airway

A partially obstructed airway

189. In which of the following scenarios is an automated external defibrillator (AED) indicated? A patient who is unresponsive, having Kussmaul respirations, and a pulse rate of 70 beats per minute A patient who is responsive, experiencing dyspnea and tachycardia A patient who is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless A patient who is unresponsive, breathing adequately, and is bradycardic

A patient who is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless

362 Which of the following would not be considered a high priority patient? A patient with uncontrolled venous hemorrhage A patient with a cervical spinal injury A patient with an obstructed airway A patient with an avulsion of the left lower leg

A patient with an avulsion of the left lower leg

68 Which of the following patients should not be treated with a manually triggered ventilation device? A hypoxic elderly patient A patient who cannot control his/her own airway An adult patient with diabetes mellitus A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

650. A nasopharyngeal airway is contraindicated in which of the following situations? A conscious adult without a gag reflex A conscious eight-year-old who cannot maintain his own airway effectively A patient who has an active gag reflex A patient with ecchymosis behind one ear

A patient with ecchymosis behind one ear

50 A nasal cannula is an appropriate oxygenation method for which of the following patients? A patient with mild respiratory distress and adequate pulse oximetry who cannot tolerate things over his mouth A severely dyspneic patient who suffered a fall from greater than 10 feet A patient who has a partially obstructed nasal airway An elderly hypoxic patient who is also confused

A patient with mild respiratory distress and adequate pulse oximetry who cannot tolerate things over his mouth

648. Sterilization is defined as which of the following? A process that reduces the level of microbial contamination so that infection transmission is eliminated A process that removes all microbial contamination The process of removing dirt, dust, blood, and other visible contaminants A process that eliminates all recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not necessarily all microbial forms

A process that removes all microbial contamination

769. In which of the following situations is an emergency move appropriate? A conscious 36-year-old woman showing signs of inadequate breathing A pulseless 54-year-old man slumped over a table A semiconscious 64-year-old woman lying face-up in bed, exhibiting early signs of shock An unresponsive 45-year-old woman supine on the ground

A pulseless 54-year-old man slumped over a table

399 Which of the following situations is most likely to result in a whiplash injury? A rollover motor vehicle accident A lateral-impact motor vehicle accident A rear-end-impact motor vehicle accident A frontal-impact motor vehicle accident

A rear-end-impact motor vehicle accident

385 Which of the following patients would be considered high priority? A responsive 30-year-old female who has sustained a possible radial fracture of her left arm with good distal pulses, good sensation, and decreased movement A responsive but intoxicated 25-year-old who sustained abrasions and a broken tooth after tripping and falling A responsive 20-year-old with a gunshot wound to his abdomen, without an exit wound A responsive 34-year-old male who complains of ankle pain but has no obvious deformity

A responsive 20-year-old with a gunshot wound to his abdomen, without an exit wound

90 The Heimlich maneuver is indicated for which of the following patients? A responsive 20-year-old with stridor due to a foreign body obstruction An unresponsive infant with a potential airway obstruction A responsive four-year-old who has a foreign body that causes the inability to speak An unresponsive 35-year-old with a severe airway obstruction

A responsive four-year-old who has a foreign body that causes the inability to speak

702. During a mass-casualty incident, which of the following patients listed below would be tagged immediate, under the rules of START triage? A patient with a tibial fracture, without severe bleeding A patient who has controlled bleeding from the nose A semiconscious patient with an open wound exposing the skull A patient complaining of abdominal pain

A semiconscious patient with an open wound exposing the brain

503 A ten-year-old has respiratory distress. During the assessment, it is apparent that the patient is wheezing and has hives covering most of his face and torso. The patient says he feels his tongue is swelling. Which of the following is likely occurring? A severe allergic reaction Heat exhaustion Possible aspirin overdose An acute asthma attack

A severe allergic reaction

458 An adult patient was hit in the chest by a large, steel beam while at work. He is now conscious and alert, but struggling to breathe. He has unequal breath sounds and subcutaneous emphysema. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his symptoms? A flail chest A sucking chest wound A tension pneumothorax Traumatic asphyxiation

A tension pneumothorax

56 Which of the following best describes the epiglottis? The main trunk for air passing to and from the lungs A thin, leaf-shaped valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food and liquid from entering Where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins The space in between the vocal cords that is the narrowest portion of the adult's airway

A thin, leaf-shaped valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food and liquid from entering

661. Which of the following would have rights to otherwise confidential information without expressed patient consent? A close relative, such as a son or daughter The patient's employer A third-party billing representative The patient's legal spouse

A third-party billing representative

647. An alert and stable patient is brought to an emergency department. Upon arrival, all of the emergency staff is busy. The patient is left in an empty exam room; the patient agrees to this, stating he will be fine by himself until the staff is free to attend to him. The report is left in the room with the patient. Which of the following has occurred? Abandonment Slander Battery Ignoring a duty to act

Abandonment

709. An adult patient has been in cardiac arrest for several minutes without response to resuscitation. Medical direction advises continuing basic life support procedures during the fifteen-minute transport to the hospital. Resuscitation is discontinued as the patient will likely die anyway, despite medical direction advisement. No do-not-resuscitate order or advance directive is present. Which of the following has occurred? Assault Abandonment Nothing; resuscitation cessation and termination of efforts are determined by the treating EMS provider on-scene, not medical control Negligence

Abandonment

54 Which of the following is not a sign of increased work of breathing in a pediatric patient? Nasal flaring Tachypnea Head bobbing Abdominal breathing

Abdominal breathing

80 Which of the following would be most effective when attempting to remove a complete foreign body airway obstruction in a choking four-year-old child? Abdominal thrusts Chest compressions Encouraging forceful coughing Back blows

Abdominal thrusts

147 What is/are the anatomical landmark(s) for performing abdominal thrusts in a conscious child with an airway obstruction? Above the umbilicus and below the lower tip of the sternum Along the body of the sternum Below the cricoid cartilage and above the upper tip of the sternum Approximately at the level of the umbilicus

Above the umbilicus and below the lower tip of the sternum

531 Which of the following statements is true regarding the pathophysiology of abruptio placentae? Abruptio placentae may result in shock Pain is commonly mild or absent Abruptio placentae is the result of the uterus compressing the inferior vena cava Abruptio placentae is the development of the placenta over and covering the vaginal opening

Abruptio placentae may result in shock

414 Which of the following has the least level of suspicion for a fracture? Crepitus Absent peripheral pulses Deformity False motion

Absent peripheral pulses

676. What is standard of care? The responsibility to provide patient care The outline of care a medical professional is legally able to provide The principle in which, when a person is helped, the provider should not be liable for errors and omissions that are made in giving good faith emergency care Acceptable practice of care for a given situation

Acceptable practice of care for a given situation

288. A 56-year-old obese man reports left-sided chest pain, describing it as "pressure" for over an hour, that started when he was walking his dog. He is short of breath and feels like he's sweating more than usual. It's happened before, and usually it gets better when he rests, but not today. He smoked 1.5 packs of cigarettes per day for 25 years, but quit two months ago. He denies drug or alcohol use. Physical exam shows pulse of 110 bpm, breathing at 18 bpm, and a blood pressure of 188/96. What is the most likely diagnosis? Aortic dissection Pulmonary embolism Acute coronary syndrome Esophageal rupture

Acute coronary syndrome

89 Which of the following is the best indication that an adult patient is being adequately ventilated during mouth-to-mask assisted ventilation? Adequate chest rise and fall during ventilations Meeting resistance when ventilating Increase in heart rate Ventilation given at the appropriate rate

Adequate chest rise and fall during ventilations

128 Your five-year-old female patient swallowed a marble. She is conscious, but air exchange cannot be heard and air is not felt coming from her mouth. What is the most appropriate next step? Administer abdominal thrusts Perform the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver Provide oxygen by pediatric nonrebreather mask Immediately begin chest compressions

Administer abdominal thrusts

221. A 67-year-old woman complains of chest pain. Her skin is cool to the touch and clammy. She states her chest feels very tight during inhalation. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Assist the patient in applying her husband's nitroglycerin paste to her chest Administer high-flow oxygen Place an automated external defibrillator, as the patient is likely to become pulseless Ask the patient about past medical history to determine the likelihood of a true cardiac event

Administer high-flow oxygen

482 A 26-year-old male patient was involved in a physical altercation with another adult male. Law enforcement on scene advises that the scene is now safe for you to enter. Upon examination, the patient has an obvious stab wound to his chest causing severe pain and distress. A six-inch blade was found by law enforcement at the scene. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Provide assisted ventilations via a bag-valve mask and cover the wound with a sterile dressing Administer high-flow oxygen and cover the wound with an occlusive dressing Provide assisted ventilations via a bag-valve mask and cover the wound with an occlusive dressing Administer high-flow oxygen and leave the wound open to allow the escape of air from the chest cavity

Administer high-flow oxygen and cover the wound with an occlusive dressing

129 An adult male has a partially obstructed airway. Bystanders state he is choking on pizza. The patient is slightly cyanotic around the mouth, nose, and nailbeds. Decreased breath sounds and stridor are noted. He is still managing to move air and cough. The obstruction is not visualized. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Perform abdominal thrusts Wait until the patient is able to cough the obstruction out Perform a blind finger sweep to clear the obstruction Administer high-flow oxygen and rapidly transport

Administer high-flow oxygen and rapidly transport

243. A 76-year-old male complains of chest pain. He has a pulse of 68 beats per minute, blood pressure of 124/86 mmHg, and respirations of 22 breaths per minute. Nitroglycerin is administered. His blood pressure becomes 93/56 mmHg. He states that his pain persists. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Administer high-flow oxygen, a repeat dose of nitroglycerin, and transport Administer 162 mg of aspirin (chewed), and place the patient in a position of comfort until his blood pressure increases Administer high-flow oxygen, 324 mg aspirin (chewed), place the patient in a position of comfort, and transport Administer a repeat dose of nitroglycerin, as his pain persists

Administer high-flow oxygen, 324 mg aspirin (chewed), place the patient in a position of comfort, and transport

140 A 66-six-year-old chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient is experiencing an emphysema exacerbation. He is in obvious distress, with very rapid and shallow breathing, with an oxygen saturation of 81% on room air. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate at this point? Administer low-flow oxygen via a nasal cannula Administer high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask Administer a metered-dose inhaler Administer a nebulizer treatment

Administer low-flow oxygen via a nasal cannula

592 A 35-year-old has been recently diagnosed with diabetes. Bystanders state that her blood sugar was 60 mg/dL approximately ten minutes ago. The patient complains of lightheadedness but denies alternate symptoms. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Administer oxygen Administer oral glucose Do nothing; the blood glucose level is appropriate Continue to monitor the blood glucose value

Administer oral glucose

516 Which of the following would be most appropriate when treating a 30-year-old hypoglycemic diabetic who is conscious but somewhat confused to person, place, and time? Administer oral glucose, as long as he has an intact gag reflex Place him on high-flow oxygen and transport him to the hospital Place him in the left lateral recumbent position and request an ALS unit Help him administer his own insulin to help correct the imbalance

Administer oral glucose, as long as he has an intact gag reflex

491 A 14-year-old male complains of lower abdominal pain. His blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg, his pulse is 130 beats per minute, respirations are 28 breaths per minute, and temperature is 104.8°F (40.4°C). The pain is located in the right lower quadrant. The patient has recent contacts with gastroenteritis. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? Do not transport, as gastroenteritis is not life-threatening Advise acetaminophen for fever and ask the parents to follow up with the patient's pediatrician Administer oxygen and transport Advise acetaminophen for fever and reassess in fifteen minutes

Administer oxygen and transport

266. A 45-year-old male complains of chest pain. He states he has a heart condition and took a nitroglycerin tablet about ten minutes ago; the tablet provided minor relief of the pain. After assessing his vital signs, which of the following is the appropriate order of interventions? Since the patient received some relief from the nitroglycerin, instruct him to continue to take the nitroglycerin and then call 911 again if the pain returns. Have him sign a refusal, and return to service. Give the patient 81 mg of aspirin, contact medical control, administer oxygen at 15 liters per minute, and perform a thrombolytic screen Have the patient lie down flat on the stretcher to determine cardiac relation to the pain, contact medical control and request permission to assist the patient in taking more nitroglycerin if his systolic blood pressure is above 100 mmHg, and apply oxygen at 6 liters per minute Administer oxygen at 10-15 liters per minute, contact medical control, and request permission to assist the patient in taking another nitroglycerin if his systolic blood pressure is above 100 mmHg

Administer oxygen at 10-15 liters per minute, contact medical control, and request permission to assist the patient in taking another nitroglycerin if his systolic blood pressure is above 100 mmHg

99 A 52-year-old female patient is complaining of chest discomfort. She is placed in a position of comfort. The patient is restless and anxious. Patient pulse oximetry is 89%. What is the most appropriate next step? Administer oxygen by a nonrebreather mask at 6 liters per minute Administer oxygen by a nonrebreather mask at 15 liters per minute Ventilate the patient with a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen at 15 liters per minute Administer oxygen by a nasal cannula at 15 liters per minute

Administer oxygen by a nonrebreather mask at 15 liters per minute

255. Which of the following is not a link in the chain of survival? Administration of nitroglycerin ALS and post-arrest care Rapid defibrillation Recognition/activation of EMS

Administration of nitroglycerin

502 A 20-year-old female complains of a rapid onset of abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting. Management for a patient experiencing acute abdominal pain should include which of the following? Administration of small sips of water to prevent dehydration and combat nausea and vomiting Administration of supplemental oxygen and placement of the patient on her left side Placement of the patient in the supine position to help with nausea and vomiting during transport Auscultation of the bowel sounds throughout the epigastric area

Administration of supplemental oxygen and placement of the patient on her left side

296. Which of the following statements about the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) is correct? An automated external defibrillator (AED) is contraindicated in patients under 18 years old An automated external defibrillator (AED) is contraindicated in children weighing less than 90 pounds Adult automated external defibrillator (AED) pads can be used on pediatric patients if pediatric pads are not available An automated external defibrillator (AED) is contraindicated in patients under one year of age

Adult automated external defibrillator (AED) pads can be used on pediatric patients if pediatric pads are not available

658. Which of the following individuals has training in specific aspects of advanced life support, such as intravenous therapy and the administration of certain emergency medications? Emergency medical responder Emergency medical technician Paramedic Advanced emergency medical technician

Advanced emergency medical technician

762. An elderly woman is in respiratory distress. Gasping for breath, the patient attempts to explain the history of her respiratory problems, beginning in her youth. What is the appropriate response? Advise the patient to focus on her current complaint Advise the patient to write everything down to alleviate further respiratory issues due to excessive talking Continue with the assessment, ignoring the patient's talking Document everything the patient states in detail

Advise the patient to focus on her current complaint

727. Which types of questions allow for a free flow of conversation and allow the patient to direct the provider to what is bothering him or her? Closed-ended questions Yes/No questions Open-ended questions Multiple choice questions

After each run and daily

728. How often should the ambulance be cleaned? Whenever the ambulance is exposed to blood or body fluids Weekly At the beginning of each shift After each run and daily

After each run and daily

652. Which of the following is not a common time to contact dispatch? After each treatment/intervention Upon arrival at a receiving hospital When directional assistance is needed Upon arrival to a call

After each treatment/intervention

247. During CPR and defibrillation, which of the following is an appropriate time to check for a pulse? After five cycles (about two minutes) of CPR is completed Upon arrival at a hospital setting Just before a shock is given After a shock is given

After five cycles (about two minutes) of CPR is completed

697. An active shooter incident is occurring. When would it be appropriate to begin triage on potential victims? As soon as the patients are located within the perimeter When law enforcement stops the assailant After law enforcement states that the scene is safe After the shooter has stopped shooting and is believed to have left the scene

After law enforcement states that the scene is safe

687. An armed robbery has just occurred at a local store. Police are on the scene. Through a large front window of the store, several injured people can be seen. At what time is it appropriate to enter the scene? After police state the scene is safe After dispatch states the scene is safe After the patients request help After the EMS personnel feel the scene is safe

After police state the scene is safe

581 When is it appropriate to cut the umbilical cord after assisting a new mother to deliver her baby? Immediately after the baby is delivered After the cord stops pulsating Prior to the baby's delivery Immediately after the placenta is delivered

After the cord stops pulsating

574 Which of the following is an early sign of respiratory distress in a pediatric patient? Bradypnea Hypertension Cyanosis Agitation

Agitation

729. In what way is tuberculosis typically transmitted? Contact Airborne Bloodborne Vector-borne

Airborne

344 Which of the following is a potential complication specific to burns of the airway and not most other external burns? Hemorrhaging Infection Airway inflammation Compartment syndrome

Airway inflammation

118 Which of the following medications is for use of acute asthma exacerbation? Albuterol Cromolyn Fluticasone Salmeterol

Albuterol

165. Which of the following is not a general guideline indicating transport of a cardiac arrest patient, if ALS service is not available? If an automated external defibrillator (AED) gives three consecutive "no shock advised" messages If six to nine shocks have been delivered If the patient regains a pulse All cardiac arrest patients require immediate transport

All cardiac arrest patients require immediate transport

13 A nasal cannula is not appropriate in which of the following scenarios? A 55-year-old arthritis patient with respirations of 20 breaths per minute who complains of chest pain and cannot tolerate anything covering his mouth or nose A semi-conscious 45-year-old COPD patient with dyspnea who is on long-term home-oxygen therapy All of these A 34-year-old patient who is hypoxemic due to pulmonary edema

All of these

211. Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of angina pectoris? Dyspnea Chest pain Diaphoresis All of these

All of these

264. Which of the following is a sign or symptom of congestive heart failure? Relief from dyspnea while sitting up Distended neck veins All of these Crackles

All of these

310. Which of the following is a potential prehospital treatment for an active myocardial infarction? Nitroglycerin All of these Oxygen Aspirin

All of these

330 A 65-year-old female has fallen and hurt her ankle. The ankle has an obvious deformity. After splinting the ankle, which of the following is appropriate to assess? Pulse, distal to the injury Sensation, distal to the injury Motor response of the affected limb All of these

All of these

356 An adult construction worker severed his thumb off with a power saw. Which of the following is an appropriate treatment for this patient? Control any bleeding Ensure the amputated finger is transported to the hospital with the patient Wrap the amputated finger in a sterile dressing, place the wrapped finger in a plastic bag, and lay the bag in a bed of ice All of these

All of these

357 Whether or not a backboard is used, attention to spinal precautions among at-risk patients is paramount. These include which of the following? Maintenance of inline stabilization during any necessary movement or transfer Application of a cervical collar Adequate security to a stretcher, and minimal movement or transfer All of these

All of these

367 A 65-year-old female has fallen and hurt her ankle. The ankle has an obvious deformity. After splinting the ankle, which of the following is appropriate to assess? Pulse, distal to the injury Sensation, distal to the injury Motor response of the affected limb All of these

All of these

376 An adult male twisted his right ankle while running on grass. On examination, the patient has good distal pulses, sensation, and movement of his right foot with a pain he rates at a four out of ten. Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of an ankle sprain? Bruising Swelling All of these Guarding

All of these

477 Which of the following is a concern in a patient with a penetrating neck injury? Subcutaneous emphysema Air embolism Cervical spinal injury All of these

All of these

51 Which of the following may cause an inaccurate pulse oximetry reading? Carbon monoxide poisoning All of these dark/metallic nail polish Exposure to cold temperatures (e.g., hypothermia)

All of these

75 Which of the following signs are seen in patients with a foreign body airway obstruction? Cyanosis Non-productive cough Stridor All of these

All of these

548 Which of the following conditions is not a common cause of an altered mental status? Allergic reaction Hypoglycemia Traumatic brain injury Hypoxia

Allergic reaction

455 An 18-year-old patient has a severely angulated closed fracture to his right humerus. Which of the following is not an appropriate step in his treatment? Splint the fracture in the deformed position if significant pain exists on traction Splint the arm with a sling and swathe Allow the arm to hang Attempt application of traction

Allow the arm to hang

585 Which of the following is not appropriate after labor has begun? Administer oxygen, if indicated Ensure the legs are not held together Allow the patient to use the bathroom, if needed Contact medical direction if needed for guidance

Allow the patient to use the bathroom, if needed

73 Where do oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange take place in the respiratory system? Alveoli Carina Bronchioles Bronchi

Alveoli

563 Which of the following is the most likely cause of dilated pupils in an adult patient? Diazepam use Secobarbital use Amphetamine use Methadone use

Amphetamine use

616 What is the definition of hypoglycemia? The production of antibodies to pancreatic beta cells A condition in which insulin resistance develops An abnormally low blood glucose level An abnormally high blood glucose level

An abnormally low blood glucose level

305. Which of the following conditions is commonly treated with aspirin in the prehospital setting? An acute myocardial infarction Gastric ulcers Asthma Liver damage

An acute myocardial infarction

93 In which of the following medical conditions is a nonrebreather mask an appropriate method of delivering oxygen? An adult patient breathing at a rate of 15 breaths per minute with an oxygen saturation level of 94% but who is unable to tolerate anything over the face An adult patient breathing at a rate of 32 breaths per minute, oxygen saturation level of 94% and cool, clammy skin An adult patient breathing at a rate of 15 breaths per minute and an oxygen saturation level of 90% An adult patient breathing at a rate of 6 breaths per minute, with retractions and an oxygen saturation level of 88%

An adult patient breathing at a rate of 15 breaths per minute and an oxygen saturation level of 90%

774. Following a motor vehicle collision, which of the following patients should be transported to the hospital first? An elderly patient with bilateral lower extremity fractures An adolescent who has a potential spinal cord injury with lower extremity paralysis An adult with a suspected tension pneumothorax A child with a seat belt abrasion across his chest

An adult with a suspected tension pneumothorax

579 In which of the following situations would the administration of albuterol via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) be the most beneficial? An alert 6-year-old male with an active upper-respiratory infection, who has respirations of 24 breaths per minute but no respiratory complaints An alert 16-year-old female with history of asthma, who has respirations of 24 breaths per minute and is wheezing An alert 64-year-old male with history of emphysema, who complains of difficulty breathing and has access to an inhaler that was prescribed for his son An unresponsive 52-year-old female with a history of severe asthma, respirations of 28 breaths per minute and is wheezing

An alert 16-year-old female with history of asthma, who has respirations of 24 breaths per minute and is wheezing

685. Which of the following situations represents abandonment? EMS transports a patient to the hospital and leaves the patient in the care of the emergency department staff An emergency medical technician leaves a patient during a fire when the scene becomes unsafe An emergency medical technician initiates CPR on a patient and then asks an untrained bystander to continue while he assesses another patient An alert, competent adult patient refuses treatment and signs appropriate documentation after risks, benefits and alternatives are discussed

An emergency medical technician initiates CPR on a patient and then asks an untrained bystander to continue while he assesses another patient

127 Which of the following is not a supraglottic airway device? A King laryngeotracheal airway device A laryngeal mask airway (LMA) device An endotracheal (ET) tube An i-gel airway device

An endotracheal (ET) tube

334 Which of the following is best described as a soft tissue injury that may be completely detached or hang as a flap? An avulsion injury An amputation injury A subluxation injury An evisceration injury

An evisceration injury

719. Which of the following is the best definition of the incident commander (IC)? An individual responsible for relaying information, concerns, and requests between responding agencies An individual responsible for all incident activities, including the development of strategies and tactics and the ordering and release of resources An individual who helps obtain and store adequate supplies during an incident An individual who determines necessary resources for an extrication situation or special rescue

An individual responsible for all incident activities, including the development of strategies and tactics and the ordering and release of resources

723. Which of the following is the best definition of a medical director? An individual responsible for locating and setting up a treatment area in a mass-casualty incident An individual who authorizes or delegates to the EMT the authority to provide medical care in the field An individual who has extensive training in advanced life support An individual who focuses on the health needs of an entire population

An individual who authorizes or delegates to the EMT the authority to provide medical care in the field

160 In which of the following situations would the use of an oropharyngeal airway be warranted? An unconscious, closed-head injury patient without a gag reflex, and with clear fluid draining from his nose and ears An unconscious patient with an active gag reflex A semiconscious diabetic who has copious secretions A stroke patient who is semiconscious and having problems breathing

An unconscious, closed-head injury patient without a gag reflex, and with clear fluid draining from his nose and ears

644. Which of the following is true regarding recording and reporting? Suspicions of child abuse do not need to be reported unless obvious signs exist Records are only used to ensure continuity of patient care An undocumented action or procedure cannot be proven to have occurred Potential committed crimes can be ignored as long as patient care is being provided

An undocumented action or procedure cannot be proven to have occurred

711. In which of the following situations should patient care be rendered under the criteria of implied consent? An unresponsive 76-year-old woman with no friends or family members present An alert, responsive 5-year-old patient with a broken arm, who gives permission for treatment An alert, responsive 18-year-old patient in a postictal state refusing transport An alert, responsive 47-year-old patient complaining of chest pain, requesting transport

An unresponsive 76-year-old woman with no friends or family members present

489 A 30-year-old female was stung by a bee. On arrival, the patient is complaining of steadily increasing shortness of breath and urticaria, and feels as if her throat or tongue is swelling. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her signs and symptoms? Heat exhaustion Anaphylactic shock Asthma Syncope

Anaphylactic shock

65 An adult patient is experiencing a "feeling of impending doom." Upon examination, pruritis, skin flushing, and hives are noted. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his symptoms? Pneumonia Anaphylaxis Asthma Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Anaphylaxis

138 Which of the following conditions does not cause cyanosis? Chronic bronchitis Hypoxia Anemia Hypothermia

Anemia

263. A 50-year-old male is experiencing substernal chest pain. Upon discussion, he endorses that his pain began while mowing his yard. After resting, his pain subsided without further intervention. The incident was approximately 15 minutes ago. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his chest pain? Pulmonary embolism Pulled muscles in his chest Angina pectoris Myocardial infarction

Angina pectoris

175. How can angina pectoris be distinguished from an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the prehospital setting? Angina pectoris will not reveal changes on an electrocardiogram (ECG) Chest pain from angina pectoris will respond to nitroglycerin, while chest pain from an AMI will not A patient having a AMI will have more pain Angina pectoris and an AMI are indistinguishable in the prehospital setting

Angina pectoris and an AMI are indistinguishable in the prehospital setting

499 Which of the following is not a factor affecting how a patient deals with environmental changes? Illness Anxiety Alcohol consumption Age

Anxiety

23 A 59-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complains of having difficulty breathing that wakes him at night. His skin is hot, and pedal edema is noted. On auscultation, rales can be heard throughout his lungs. Which of the following conditions is a possible cause of the patient's dyspnea? Any of these Pneumonia Emphysema Congestive heart failure

Any of these

97 Which of the following is a contraindication to an oropharyngeal airway? Any apneic patient being ventilated with a bag-valve mask Any unresponsive patient Severe head injury Any patient with an intact gag reflex

Any patient with an intact gag reflex

257. Which of the following is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart? Superior vena cava Aorta Inferior vena cava Pulmonary arteries

Aorta

43 Which of the following is most likely to be seen in a patient with a core body temperature of less than 80°F (26.7°C)? Rapid breathing Apnea Confusion, lethargy Shivering

Apnea

347 A construction worker has a small length of rebar impaled in his abdomen. He is conscious, alert, and complaining of right lower quadrant abdominal pain, with a ten-inch long piece of rounded metal protruding from his abdomen. Which of the following should be initiated before moving the patient? Control of the bleeding around the wound with direct pressure and a pressure dressing Removal of the rebar Inquiry into how deep the piece of metal goes into the body Application of a stabilizing bandage around the rebar

Application of a stabilizing bandage around the rebar

442 A patient is involved in a motor vehicle collision. He complains of neck pain. Inline spinal immobilization is performed. During the rapid trauma assessment, after completing your assessment of the neck, what is the most appropriate next step? Apply a cervical collar Control minor external bleeding Assess the head, looking and feeling for DCAP-BTLS Assess the chest for DCAP-BTLS, paradoxical motion, crepitus and abnormal breath sounds on auscultation

Apply a cervical collar

425 Two patients are involved in a motor vehicle collision. The driver is assessed and determined to be dead upon arrival of ALS. The passenger is wandering around the crash site in a state of confusion. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? There is no need to immobilize the patient as he is able to walk Apply a cervical collar and immobilize the patient on a short backboard Apply a cervical collar Apply a cervical collar and immobilize the patient on a long backboard

Apply a cervical collar and immobilize the patient on a long backboard

535 An unconscious 15-year-old girl is being propped up in a sitting position by a bystander at a local pool. The patient has a palpable pulse and is breathing. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Initiate rescue breathing Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions Apply a cervical collar and immobilize the patient on a long backboard prior to removing her from the pool Have the bystander assist in removing the patient from the pool

Apply a cervical collar and immobilize the patient on a long backboard prior to removing her from the pool

396 A 24-year-old male has partial-thickness burns over a large surface area of his body. What is the most appropriate treatment? Apply a dry, sterile dressing Immerse the burn area in water Leave the burn area exposed Apply a wet, sterile dressing

Apply a dry, sterile dressing

359 An adult patient is bleeding profusely from a puncture wound on his upper left leg near the groin. Bleeding is not well controlled with direct pressure/pressure dressing over the wound. What is the most appropriate next step? Apply a tourniquet below the level of the injury Elevate the affected leg Apply a tourniquet above the area of injury Continue direct pressure with a gloved fingertip

Apply a tourniquet above the area of injury

451 A 29-year-old woman has severe bleeding to her forearm. Direct pressure with a pressure dressing has not been effective at controlling it. What is the most appropriate next step? Transport the patient Resume direct pressure Apply a tourniquet above the level of bleeding Apply a tourniquet at the site of the wound

Apply a tourniquet above the level of bleeding

436 An adult patient is bleeding profusely from a wound on her left forearm. Direct pressure fails to stop the bleeding. Which of the following should be attempted next to stop the hemorrhage? Apply pressure to the right carotid artery Apply a pressure dressing above the level of bleeding Apply a tourniquet below the level of the bleeding Apply a tourniquet just above the level of bleeding

Apply a tourniquet just above the level of bleeding

341 A patient is bleeding profusely from a mid-thigh laceration. Direct pressure and pressure dressings have failed to stop the bleeding. Which of the following would be the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient? Elevate the extremity Apply a tourniquet near the groin Apply a tourniquet in the axillary region Apply a tourniquet directly on top of the wound

Apply a tourniquet near the groin

534 An adult patient is bleeding profusely from a large laceration on his left lower thigh, just above his knee. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step? Apply direct pressure to the wound and elevate the leg Apply direct pressure to the wound Apply a tourniquet above the level of the bleeding Apply a pressure dressing to the wound

Apply direct pressure to the wound

286. A 58-year-old female is complaining of 10/10 chest pain and has a history of heart disease. She is assisted in the administration of nitroglycerin; after five minutes, her blood pressure is 94/66 mmHg and she is still experiencing chest pain (8/10). Medical direction has previously allowed for the administration of up to three doses of nitroglycerin for this patient. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Place the patient in a supine position to improve blood pressure Repeat measuring blood pressure in five minutes, administer high-flow oxygen and then transport Assist in the administration of nitroglycerin Apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask and transport

Apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask and transport

403 A patient suffered a possible head injury after a fall from a ladder. There is slight bleeding mixed with clear fluid from the ears and bleeding from the back of the skull. Inline spine stabilization and airway management and breathing are completed. Which of the following is not an appropriate treatment option? Transport promptly Anticipate vomiting Apply pressure to the wound on the back of the skull Continuously monitor level of consciousness

Apply pressure to the wound on the back of the skull

394 A 21-year-old female has been in a motorcycle crash. She has a considerably swollen and deformed left leg. No obvious blood loss noted. After completing the scene size-up, what is the most appropriate next step? Begin chest compressions Apply spinal immobilization and transport rapidly Ventilate the patient Immobilize the injured foot in position of function

Apply spinal immobilization and transport rapidly

765. Which of the following is correct in regard to approaching a medical transport helicopter? Duck under the body Enter between the two o'clock and four o'clock positions Approach after the pilot signals it is clear to do so Always approach from the rear

Approach after the pilot signals it is clear to do so

329 An adult patient has sustained a severe upper arm laceration that is spurting bright red blood. What is the likely type of bleeding? Internal Arterial Capillary Venous

Arterial

368 An adult patient has sustained a severe upper arm laceration that is spurting bright red blood. What is the likely type of bleeding? Internal Arterial Capillary Venous

Arterial

420 A 21-year-old marathon runner has sprained his right ankle. He is conscious, alert, and denies any other injury or illness. His skin is warm and dry with a pink, moist mucosa. His pulse is 52 beats per minute and his blood pressure is 116/65 mmHg. He does not appear in any acute distress. What is the most appropriate intervention in the management of this patient? Have the patient drink large amounts of water to rehydrate Ask the patient what his normal pulse rate is Begin chest compressions Apply a cervical collar and place him on a long spine board

Ask the patient what his normal pulse rate is

260. During a suspected myocardial infarction, which medical intervention inhibits platelet aggregation, thereby preventing clots from forming or enlarging, and reducing the overall ischemic damage caused by the infarction? Nitroglycerin High-flow oxygen therapy Diphenhydramine Aspirin

Aspirin

751. As an uncooperative patient is being transported to the hospital, he threatens to kill EMS personnel after he is released from the hospital. Which of the following has occurred? Assault Slander Libel Battery

Assault

375 A 16-year-old football player complains of right upper leg pain after being tackled. Upon examination, the knee is flexed and obviously deformed. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Assess and record pulse, motor function, and sensation of the affected limb Apply a traction splint Manually support and stabilize the leg Place the patient on a long backboard

Assess and record pulse, motor function, and sensation of the affected limb

606 What is the main priority of care for a child who is having an active seizure? Restrain the patient Assess and treat ABCs Place a bite stick in the patient's mouth to prevent him from swallowing his tongue Await the postictal state before performing any interventions

Assess and treat ABCs

204. A bystander is performing CPR on an adult patient in cardiac arrest. The patient's wife reports that he has been problem-free since an acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Assess for adequate compressions Cease compressions and determine if a pulse is present Allow bystander CPR to continue and perform a detailed physical examination Attach an automated external defibrillator

Assess for adequate compressions

134 Assisted ventilations are being provided to an apneic patient. Which of the following is the best way to determine an adequate tidal volume? Assess his skin turgor and capillary refill time Assess his chest for adequate chest rise and fall Assess his pulse rate Assess his skin color

Assess his chest for adequate chest rise and fall

327 After splinting a long bone fracture in the position in which it was found, what is the most appropriate next step? Contact dispatch to determine appropriate receiving hospital Apply high-flow oxygen therapy Document the findings and treatment Assess patient's pulse, motor function, and sensation in the affected extremity

Assess patient's pulse, motor function, and sensation in the affected extremity

366 After splinting a long bone fracture in the position in which it was found, what is the most appropriate next step? Contact dispatch to determine appropriate receiving hospital Apply high-flow oxygen therapy Document the findings and treatment Assess patient's pulse, motor function, and sensation in the affected extremity

Assess patient's pulse, motor function, and sensation in the affected extremity

435 Which of the following steps is not a part of the rapid exam to assess life-threatening injuries? Assess the chest, listening for equal, bilateral breath sounds Assess pupillary response Assess the head, while maintaining inline spinal stabilization Assess the pelvis by gently compressing the pelvis downward and inward, looking for tenderness or instability

Assess pupillary response

282. During the primary assessment, what is assessed after a patient has been determined to be unresponsive, to have no life-threatening bleeding, and to have a patent airway and adequate breathing? Palpate the entire head Obtain a blood pressure Auscultate the patient's lungs Assess skin condition

Assess skin condition

326 A 29-year-old male has fallen off a two-story ladder. He is conscious, bleeding from a wound on his left forearm and guarding his right thigh. After completing a scene size-up and forming a general impression, what is the most appropriate next step? Insert an oropharyngeal airway Assess the right thigh Stop the bleeding by applying a tourniquet near the elbow Assess the airway of the patient and stabilize the C-spine

Assess the airway of the patient and stabilize the C-spine

342 A 29-year-old male has fallen off a two-story ladder. He is conscious, bleeding from a wound on his left forearm and guarding his right thigh. After completing a scene size-up and forming a general impression, what is the most appropriate next step? Insert an oropharyngeal airway Assess the right thigh Stop the bleeding by applying a tourniquet near the elbow Assess the airway of the patient and stabilize the C-spine

Assess the airway of the patient and stabilize the C-spine

218. What is done first in a primary assessment? Assess the circulation and identify and treat life threats Assess the breathing and identify and treat life threats Assess the airway and identify and treat life threats Assess the level of consciousness

Assess the level of consciousnes

693. What is done first in a primary assessment? Assess the circulation and identify and treat life threats Assess the breathing and identify and treat life threats Assess the airway and identify and treat life threats Assess the level of consciousness

Assess the level of consciousness

309. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) has been achieved in a previously pulseless apneic patient. What is the most appropriate next step? Immediately transport the patient Assess the patient's breathing Resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions Reanalyze the patient's cardiac rhythm

Assess the patient's breathing

38 A three-year-old girl is in severe respiratory distress. Her skin is cool and mottled. She is breathing spontaneously 6-7 times per minute and is unresponsive to verbal or physical stimuli. She has a palpable pulse at a rate of 138 beats per minute. What is the most appropriate treatment? Apply a nonrebreather mask with supplemental oxygen flow at 10 liters per minute Begin chest compressions Assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen flow at 15 liters per minute Administer blind finger sweeps to attempt removal of the obstruction

Assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen flow at 15 liters per minute

115 A 56-year-old woman has respirations at a rate of 34 breaths per minute that are shallow and labored. She has an altered level of consciousness and is cool, cyanotic and diaphoretic on physical examination. What is the most appropriate treatment? Nonrebreather mask with supplemental oxygen flowing at a rate of 10 liters per minute Assisted ventilation with a bag-valve mask and high-flow oxygen Assisted ventilation with a mouth-to-mask and one-way valve Nasal cannula with supplemental oxygen flowing at a rate of 6 liters per minute

Assisted ventilation with a mouth-to-mask and one-way valve

148 A 44-year-old male presents with labored shallow breathing at 30 breaths per minute, with an oxygenation saturation of 88% on room air. He is conscious, alert, extremely restless, and irritable. His skin is cool, clammy, and slightly cyanotic. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Oxygen supplementation using a nasal cannula and oxygen flowing at 6 liters per minute Assisted ventilations using a bag-valve mask with oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute Have the patient breathe into a paper bag to slow his breathing Oxygen supplementation using a nonrebreather mask and oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute

Assisted ventilations using a bag-valve mask with oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute

627. Which of the following is false regarding viral hepatitis? Hepatitis can be caused by cytomegalovirus Asymptomatic patients with hepatitis C cannot transmit the virus Jaundice and right upper quadrant pain are often seen several weeks after infection Vaccines are available for hepatitis A and B

Asymptomatic patients with hepatitis C cannot transmit the virus

312. Where should automated external defibrillator (AED) pads be placed on a patient with a pacemaker? At least one inch away from the device Contact medical direction for exact locations One pad directly over the pacemaker AED use is contraindicated in patients with pacemakers

At least one inch away from the device

58 How often should the automated external defibrillator (AED) be checked? Twice per week Weekly Monthly At the start of each shift

At the start of each shift

453 Which of the following is associated with increased intracranial pressure? Wheezing Kussmaul respirations Ataxic respirations Stridorly cause of his symptoms?

Ataxic respirations

185. Which of the following is not considered part of acute coronary syndrome? Unstable angina pectoris Atherosclerosis Stable angina pectoris Acute myocardial infarction

Atherosclerosis

177. A call is made for a 73-year-old male who is pulseless and apneic. Witnesses say he collapsed ten minutes ago and that uninterrupted, high-quality bystander CPR was initiated five minutes ago. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Open the airway while setting up an automated external defibrillator (AED) Attach an AED and proceed with rhythm analysis and defibrillation Immediately transport the patient without interventions Provide rescue breathing while setting up an automated external defibrillator (AED)

Attach an AED and proceed with rhythm analysis and defibrillation

191. The potential management of an unconscious patient with a cardiac history who has a palpable pulse and is breathing includes all of the following except: Applying high-flow oxygen Attaching an automated external defibrillator and analyzing the cardiac rhythm Requesting an ALS unit Obtaining as much history as possible from family/friends

Attaching an automated external defibrillator and analyzing the cardiac rhythm

660. Which of the following is a concern of having family members of a patient on the scene? Assisting in an accurate history Attempting to help with patient care Providing interpretation for non-English-speaking patients Ensuring the patient remains calm

Attempting to help with patient care

759. In which of the following scenarios are gloves likely to be the only personal protective equipment required? Assisting with the emergency birth of a child Suctioning a patient's airway Treating a patient who is actively vomiting Attempting to stop minor bleeding from a suspected capillary source

Attempting to stop minor bleeding from a suspected capillary source

673. Which of the following is a way to minimize personal injury during the lifting of a patient? Avoid twisting of one's body while lifting Only communicate with team members when absolutely necessary Bend at the waist when lifting Keep the patient's weight as far away from one's body as possible

Avoid twisting of one's body while lifting

748. Which of the following is a way to protect the privacy of a patient when communicating via an EMS radio? Use the patient's initials EMS radio frequencies are only used by medical professionals, so there is no concern about privacy Give opinions/subjective information about the patient to help assist in the description Avoid using the patient's name

Avoid using the patient's name

421 Which of the following is not generally associated with internal bleeding? Blast injury Avulsion Aneurysm Penetrating trauma

Avulsion

663. A call comes through for a patient who has been shot. When you arrive, the police remain en route and the patient can be seen lying on the porch. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Await police instruction on whether the scene is safe Immediately care for the patient Request medical direction on whether the scene is safe Immediately enter the scene with a firearm for protection

Await police instruction on whether the scene is safe

708. A hold-up has occurred at a local mall. Police are already on the scene, searching for the gunman. Through the store window, a person who has been shot can be seen. What is the most appropriate next step? Await police instruction on whether the scene is safe Immediately care for the patient Request medical direction on whether the scene is safe Immediately enter the store with a firearm for protection

Await police instruction on whether the scene is safe

103 Of the following, which delivers the highest percentage of oxygen? Nonrebreather mask with a reservoir bag with supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute Nasal cannula with supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute Bag-valve mask with a reservoir bag with supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute Mouth-to-mask device with supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute

Bag-valve mask with a reservoir bag with supplemental oxygen flowing at 15 liters per minute

333 A 10-year-old girl has a cut on her face. Which of the following is not an appropriate way to interact with this patient? Give the child simple, appropriate choices Bargain with the child if necessary to complete the assessment Ask questions that allow you to control the conversation Talk to the child, not just the parent/caregiver, while taking the medical history

Bargain with the child if necessary to complete the assessment

369 A 10-year-old girl has a cut on her face. Which of the following is not an appropriate way to interact with this patient? Give the child simple, appropriate choices Bargain with the child if necessary to complete the assessment Ask questions that allow you to control the conversation Talk to the child, not just the parent/caregiver, while taking the medical history

Bargain with the child if necessary to complete the assessment

739. Which of the following is typically used to carry a patient across uneven terrain from a remote location? Vacuum mattress Basket stretcher Scoop stretcher Flexible stretcher

Basket stretcher

683. EMS personnel should advise against which of the following for a potential rape victim? Reporting the crime Bathing Naming the assailant Talking about her feelings

Bathing

722. Which of the following may EMS personnel be charged with, should emergency care be given without consent? Assault Abandonment Battery Negligence

Battery

311. Which of the following is not one of the most common causes of error when using an automated external defibrillator (AED)? Battery failure Turning off the AED before anaylsis/shock is completed Presence of fine ventricular fibrillation Attempting to analyze a patient who is moving or being transported

Battery failure

749. Which of the following is a safety guideline for a behavioral crisis or psychiatric emergency? Command the situation, using a loud, authoritative voice Restrain a potentially volatile patient Avoid personal protective equipment, as it makes the patient feel as if there is something wrong Be aware of exits and keep them open

Be aware of exits and keep them open

614 A 27-year-old man with an extensive psychiatric history calmly explains that his thoughts are controlling the whole universe and he does not know what to do. His body language and speech are gentle and nonthreatening. Which of the following options is most appropriate? Go along with his delusions Restrain the patient Challenge the patient's validity of his perceptions Be calm, direct, and straightforward.

Be calm, direct, and straightforward

476 When should the distal pulse, motor function and sensation be assessed in regard to splinting? Before and after applying the splint After applying the splint Before applying the splint While applying the splint

Before and after applying the splint

168. An unresponsive patient is found soaked and outside in the rain. He is apneic and pulseless. What is the most appropriate initial intervention? Provide 2 rescue breaths Defibrillate the patient via an automatic external defibrillator (AED) Begin CPR while moving the patient out of the rain in anticipation of defibrillation via an automatic external defibrillator (AED) Begin CPR and defibrillate the patient via an automatic external defibrillator (AED) before moving the patient

Begin CPR while moving the patient out of the rain in anticipation of defibrillation via an automatic external defibrillator (AED)

174. A six-year-old is unresponsive. The carotid pulse is assessed and is found to be 64 beats per minute. Respirations are shallow and at a rate of six breaths per minute. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Begin assisted ventilation Place the patient in the recovery position Give high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions

Begin assisted ventilation

45 An 87-year-old female is showing early signs of hypoxia. The patient is prescribed continuous oxygen therapy via nasal cannula at a rate of two liters per minute; the oxygen is currently turned off because the patient states she does not like it. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Begin assisted ventilation Discuss the appropriateness of supplemental oxygen, place the patient on two liters of oxygen per minute via nasal cannula, and continue the assessment Continue with your assessment, noting the patient's signs and symptoms Immediately transport the patient and inform the hospital that the patient has inadequate oxygenation and refuses treatment

Begin assisted ventilation

725. A 73-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. His wife states he collapsed two minutes prior to EMS arrival and that his physician has signed a do not resuscitate (DNR) order for the patient, but she is unable to find the written order. What is the most appropriate next step? Begin resuscitation Obey the order and leave immediately, respecting the patient's wishes Contact the ordering physician Provide oxygen only

Begin resuscitation

615 An 11-year-old female complains of an allergic reaction. Upon arrival, her mother presents an epinephrine auto-injector. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Direct the mother to administer the epinephrine auto-injector Begin the primary assessment Administer the epinephrine auto-injector Contact the physician who prescribed the epinephrine auto-injector

Begin the primary assessment

550 Which of the following is the correct placement of the V3 electrode when performing an electrocardiogram? Fourth intercostal space, left sternal border Between V2 and V4 Fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line Fourth intercostal space, right sternal border

Between V2 and V4

297. Where is the tricuspid valve located? Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery Between the right atrium and the right ventricle Between the superior vena cava and the right atrium Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

332 Which of the following is not a sign of internal bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract? Bloody urine Dark, tarry stools Melena Coffee-ground emesis

Bloody urine

418 Which of the following is the most likely cause of a tension pneumothorax? A ruptured, torn, or lacerated coronary artery or vein Penetrating trauma to the chest Blunt trauma to the chest Penetrating trauma to the neck

Blunt trauma to the chest

69 Which of the following is not a risk factor for a spontaneous pneumothorax? Emphysema Blunt trauma to the chest Asthma Being a tall, thin male

Blunt trauma to the chest

322. A 6-month-old infant is unresponsive. Where should a pulse be assessed to determine if CPR should be initiated? Carotid artery Femoral artery Brachial artery Radial artery

Brachial artery

452 A 20-year-old has sustained a laceration to his proximal right forearm while skateboarding. If a tourniquet was applied, from which artery would the tourniquet cut off blood supply? Femoral artery Internal carotid artery Brachial artery Ulnar artery

Brachial artery

601 Which artery is the most accurate for assessing a pulse on a two-month-old child? Carotid artery Dorsalis pedis artery Brachial artery Radial artery

Brachial artery

102 Which of the following is a late sign of respiratory distress in an adult patient? Retractions Bradycardia Vesicular breath sounds Tachypnea

Bradycardia

223. Which of the following is a potential effect when the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated? Bradycardia Increased force of heart contraction Bronchodilation Constricted blood vessels

Bradycardia

249. You are on-scene with a 55-year-old female complaining of sudden onset shortness of breath while at rest. Following a quick examination, you determine that the patient may be experiencing non-traumatic cardiac tamponade. If so, the patient will likely exhibit all of the following signs and symptoms except: Bradycardia Jugular vein distension A narrow pulse pressure Muffled heart sounds

Bradycardia

351 You encounter a 28-year-old patient who has sustained a closed head injury and has a Glasgow Coma Score of 7. Which of the following findings would indicate an increased intracranial pressure? Anxiety Bradycardia Highly reactive pupils Hypotension

Bradycardia

383 A patient is experiencing hypovolemic shock due to uncontrolled hemorrhaging. Which of the following signs or symptoms would likely not be present? Bradycardia Tachypnea Confusion Clammy skin

Bradycardia

604 Which of the following signs or symptoms is least likely to be present in a patient who is experiencing a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting? Wheezing Anxiety Bradycardia Hypotension

Bradycardia

619 A patient is exposed to a chemical that overstimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. Which of the following signs is likely to be present? Cool, clammy skin Bradycardia Tachycardia Bronchodilation

Bradycardia

94 Which of the following is a sign of impending respiratory arrest in a pediatric patient? Bradypnea Strong central pulses Tachycardia Capillary refill of greater than two seconds

Bradypnea

392 A 23-year-old man is involved in a motorcycle accident. Which of the following injuries should be assessed/treated first? Numbness in the left foot Bright red, spurting blood from an open wound Diffuse abrasions along the chest Likely closed fracture of the left leg

Bright red, spurting blood from an open wound

529 Which of the following is a possible sign of abuse in a pediatric patient? Elbow bruises Unexplained Fever Bruises at multiple stages of healing Fatigue

Bruises at multiple stages of healing

373 An adult patient was cleaning out his garage where several bags of dry lime were stored. He is now covered with lime and in pain from the chemical burns to his hands and face. Which action should be performed first? Spray him down with copious amounts of cool water to remove the remainder of the acid Brush the remaining dry chemical from the skin and clothing Wrap the burn areas with gauze to stop the burning process of the acid Initiate oxygen therapy

Brush the remaining dry chemical from the skin and clothing

638. Which of the following is not considered commonly used personal protective equipment (PPE) in the prehospital setting? Face shields Bulletproof vest Nitrile gloves Gown

Bulletproof vest

686. Which of the following is not a type of medical direction? Previous EMS training Bystander information Direction given by an individual designated by a physician Standing orders

Bystander information

641. Which of the following is not an example of an emergency medical responder? Bystander trained in BLS Ski patroller Park ranger Firefighter

Bystander trained in BLS

779. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates implied consent? CPR given to an unconscious patient At the site of a motor vehicle accident, the driver requesting that an unconscious child in the back seat receive care first The father of a child with a broken leg allowing for care via telephone A patient requesting assistance with prescribed nitroglycerin for chest pain

CPR given to an unconscious patient

740. A 350-pound patient requires transport from the fourth floor of his apartment building to the ambulance. There is no working elevator, but the staircase is wide and in good shape. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step in moving this patient? Call for additional rescuers to assist with the transfer Use a stair chair to safely transfer the patient Carry the patient down the wide stairs on the stretcher with belts in place Enlist the assistance of family and/or bystanders

Call for additional rescuers to assist with the transfer

778. What is the best way to approach a patient who has a history of schizophrenia and appears to be delusional? Calmly introduce oneself before approaching the patient Get as close as possible to attempt to develop a personal relationship with the patient Challenge the patient's perceptions Play along with the patient's delusions

Calmly introduce oneself before approaching the patient

215. Which of the following directly regulates the blood flow through the capillary beds? Arteriovenous shunts Arterioles Tunica media Capillary sphincter

Capillary sphincter

60 Which of the following occurs during the peripheral capillary cellular exchange? Oxygen from capillaries enters the alveoli and carbon dioxide leaves the alveoli and enters the capillaries Carbon dioxide from cells enters the capillaries and oxygen leaves the capillaries and enters the cells Carbon dioxide from cells enters the alveoli and oxygen leaves the alveoli and enters the cells Body cells obtain energy from stored glycogen

Carbon dioxide from cells enters the capillaries and oxygen leaves the capillaries and enters the cells

28 A call is received in February for a 7-year-old with general malaise and vomiting. The patient's mother states that overnight, all three of her children started showing signs of a "bug." In addition to malaise, the children are lethargic, slightly confused, nauseated, and complain of headaches. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these symptoms? Carbon monoxide poisoning Food poisoning Cyanide poisoning Carbon dioxide poisoning

Carbon monoxide poisoning

483 A 30-year-old patient was electrocuted while working on a high transmission line and has suffered severe electrical burns. Which of the following is a primary concern for this patient? Internal bleeding Allergic reaction Cardiac arrest Heat shock

Cardiac arrest

241. In which of the following conditions is the area around the heart filling with blood or fluid? Angina pectoris Cardiac tamponade Congestive heart failure Acute myocardial infarction

Cardiac tamponade

295. An adult chest pain patient presents with a low blood pressure, jugular vein distension (JVD), and muffled or distant heart tones. Which of the following is most likely the cause of the patient's signs? Cardiac tamponade Myocardial infarction Pulmonary embolus Spontaneous pneumothorax

Cardiac tamponade

164. A 64-year-old post-myocardial-infarction patient presents with severe chest pain, respiratory distress, and pulmonary edema. He has an altered level of consciousness. His skin is cool and clammy and he is hypotensive. Which of the following is most likely the cause of his signs and symptoms? Cardiogenic shock Septic shock Cardiac tamponade Cerebrovascular accident

Cardiogenic shock

88 What is the name of the cartilaginous ridge where the trachea divides into the right and left main-stem bronchus? Epiglottis Pharynx Carina Cricoid cartilage

Carina

59 Which of the following arteries are central pulses? Posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries Carotid and brachial arteries Carotid and femoral arteries Radial and brachial arteries

Carotid and femoral arteries

278. You have found a seven-year-old unresponsive child. Which pulse should you palpate? Carotid artery Femoral artery Brachial artery Radial artery

Carotid artery

106 An adult male has sustained a severe facial injury. Which of the following is not a likely cause of an airway obstruction? Swelling Loosened teeth Cervical spinal injury Bleeding

Cervical spinal injury

315. A non-trauma patient was pulseless and apneic. Assisted ventilation was attempted but was unsuccessful. If the head is repositioned and a repeat ventilation is unsuccessful, which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Attempt ventilations using an alternative method Continue to reposition the head until assisted ventilations are successful Continue with chest compressions only Check for an airway obstruction

Check for an airway obstruction

277. Which of the following is a classic symptom of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)? Low back pain with radiation to the legs Chest pain or discomfort described as pressure or heaviness Dull pain that does not radiate Abdominal pain

Chest pain or discomfort described as pressure or heaviness

213. When administering aspirin to a cardiac chest pain patient in the field, how would an EMT instruct his patient to ingest the medication? Place the whole tablet between his lips and gums Place the tablet under his tongue Chew the tablet before swallowing it Swallow the tablet whole

Chew the tablet before swallowing it

96 Which of the following is a reason that children are more susceptible to airway obstruction than adults? Children have harder ribs and cartilage Children have a proportionally smaller occiput Children have a proportionally smaller mandible and larger tongue An adult has a relatively larger tongue in comparison to a child

Children have a proportionally smaller mandible and larger tongue

44 Which of the following is true regarding suctioning children versus adults? Children should be suctioned for no more than 10 seconds A tonsil-tip, Yankauer tip catheter should be used when suctioning of the nose is required The tip of the catheter may be inserted into the mouth until resistance is met A French, or whistle-tip, catheter should be used to suction infants and children

Children should be suctioned for no more than 10 seconds

609 A woman is giving birth in the prehospital setting. As the baby's head is being delivered, the umbilical cord is noted to be wrapped tightly around the baby's neck; the cord cannot be slipped over the baby's head. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Suction the infant's mouth and nose to clear secretions Clamp the cord about two inches apart and cut between the clamps Place the mother on her side and transport rapidly Deliver the infant with the cord wrapped around its neck

Clamp the cord about two inches apart and cut between the clamps

690. When responding to a call, emergency lights and sirens are activated. Which of the following should be done to proceed through an intersection with a red light? Increase speed, change the tone of the siren, and prepare for an emergency maneuver if necessary Use the air horn to warn that an emergency vehicle is approaching the intersection Maintain the same speed, change the tone of the siren, and move through the intersection Come to a brief stop at the light, look for motorists and pedestrians before proceeding, and move forward when it is safe

Come to a brief stop at the light, look for motorists and pedestrians before proceeding, and move forward when it is safe

771. Which of the following is important during the moving of an obese patient to an ambulance? Communicate constantly with those involved in the lifting/moving Lift with the arms turned in and palms facing downward Bend the back to provide extra leverage Twist one's body to maneuver around the patient

Communicate constantly with those involved in the lifting/moving

402 A patient exhibits tachycardia, tachypnea, and a decreased level of consciousness. His skin is cool and clammy. This patient is most likely in which stage of shock? Decompensated shock Moderate shock Compensated shock There are no discernible stages of shock

Compensated shock

431 Which of the following is expected in a patient who has suffered a retinal detachment? Complaints of flashes of light Decreased tear production Vision loss in the central field Cloudy lenses

Complaints of flashes of light

456 A 25-year-old is bleeding profusely from a penetrating head injury after a motor vehicle accident. He is conscious, alert, and complains of numbness and the inability to move any body part below the neck. What is the most appropriate next step? Complete inline stabilization and treat the head wound Treat the head wound and continue rapid assessment Complete inline stabilization and continue rapid assessment Note both issues and continue rapid assessment

Complete inline stabilization and treat the head wound

506 Which of the following is the cause of supine hypotensive syndrome? Compression of the vagus nerve by the uterus Fetal hypertension Compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus Placenta previa

Compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus

283. Which of the following is accurate regarding chest compressions during adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Compressions are completed in cycles of 20, at a depth of 2 to 2.4 inches (5 to 6 cm) at a rate of 80 to 100 per minute Compressions are performed in cycles of 30, at a depth of 2-2.4 inches (5 to 6 cm) at a rate of 100-120 per minute Compressions are completed in cycles of 30, at a depth of 2 to 2.4 inches (5 to 6 cm) at a rate of 80 to 100 per minute Compressions are completed in cycles of 30, at a depth of 2.5 to 3 inches (6 to 7.6 cm) at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute

Compressions are performed in cycles of 30, at a depth of 2-2.4 inches (5 to 6 cm) at a rate of 100-120 per minute

559 Which of the following signs or symptoms can be expected from the early adverse effects of hypothermia? Decreased mucus production Confusion Peripheral edema Blood-tinged sputum

Confusion

184. A 74-year-old female is complaining of chest pain and having trouble catching her breath. She has a cough that is producing pink, frothy sputum. Crackles are noted on auscultation of the lungs. Which of the following is most likely causing her signs and symptoms? Cardiogenic shock Emphysema Congestive heart failure Stable angina pectoris

Congestive heart failure

304. An adult patient with a cardiac history presents with cyanotic, clammy skin and audible crackles auscultated throughout his lung fields. He has a productive cough and distended jugular veins. Which of the following conditions would most likely cause the above findings? Pulmonary embolism Congestive heart failure (CHF) Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) Chronic renal failure

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

656. A 50-year-old female is unresponsive, hypotensive, and breathing at a rate of four breaths per minute with an oxygen saturation of 88% on room air. Impending cardiac arrest is likely. A family member with appropriately documented power of attorney for health care over the patient directs you to provide only supportive care for the potentially dying patient. Several other family members on the scene are upset and begging for resuscitation. Which of the following would be most appropriate in this scenario? Contact law enforcement to remove the person with power of attorney from the scene Provide supportive care Contact medical direction Resuscitate the patient

Contact medical direction

281. A responsive 66-year-old patient is experiencing substernal chest pain. Which of the following must be completed prior to assisting in the administration of nitroglycerin? Contact medical direction with a set of vital signs Determine whether the patient has a cardiac history Complete a detailed medical exam and determine the extent of his pain Attach an automated external defibrillator to determine if a shock is advised

Contact medical direction with a set of vital signs

713. Which of the following is a system of internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an EMS system? Primary prevention Medical control Quality control Continuous quality improvement

Continuous quality improvement

472 An unresponsive female patient is found after a motor vehicle collision, with obvious soft tissue injuries to her face and neck. She is actively bleeding profusely. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Apply a cervical collar Open the airway with the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver Control life-threatening bleeding Obtain past medical history

Control life-threatening bleeding

466 An alert and oriented adult patient states he was trimming tree branches in his yard when he fell about six feet from a ladder. He sustained a large, deep laceration to his right thigh that is spurting bright red blood. He also complains of lower back pain but denies a loss of consciousness and has been ambulatory since the accident. Which of the following are the most appropriate next steps? Control the hemorrhage and perform spinal immobilization Debride the wound and apply a sterile dressing Open his airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver and provide assisted ventilations Apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask and perform spinal immobilization

Control the hemorrhage and perform spinal immobilization

423 What is the first assessment/treatment completed in an unconscious patient, showing signs and symptoms of shock, with an obvious open injury to proximal femur and bright red blood spurting? Elevate both lower extremities Control the life-threatening bleeding Assess/manage the airway Use external heat sources to ensure the patient is kept warm

Control the life-threatening bleeding

700. In which of the following scenarios would eye protection be required? Controlling arterial bleeding that is spurting bright red blood Caring for a patient covered in motor oil Handling contaminated instruments that have dried blood on them from a patient with known HIV Taking vital signs on a sweaty patient who has previously vomited

Controlling arterial bleeding that is spurting bright red blood

259. Which of the following blood vessels provides oxygenated blood to the heart muscle? Carotid arteries Femoral arteries Coronary arteries Cerebral arteries

Coronary arteries

494 A 32-year-old man is hypothermic after swimming in an icy river. Although he came out of the river within a few minutes, he is showing a diminished level of consciousness. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Encourage the patient to walk in order to improve his circulation and create body heat Massage the extremities to increase circulation Give the patient hot coffee or tea and place heating pads under his arms and in his groin Cover the patient with blankets and increase the heat in the patient compartment of the ambulance

Cover the patient with blankets and increase the heat in the patient compartment of the ambulance

398 A 23-year-old patient was injured during an industrial accident. He is conscious and alert but has a large abdominal laceration with internal organs protruding from the wound. What is the most appropriate treatment for the wound? Cover the wound with ice packs and secure with an occlusive dressing Cover the wound with sterile, dry gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing Cover the wound with absorbent cotton and secure with an occlusive dressing Cover the wound with sterile gauze moistened with sterile saline solution and secure with an occlusive dressing

Cover the wound with sterile gauze moistened with sterile saline solution and secure with an occlusive dressing

593 A 23-year-old pregnant patient reports she may be in active labor. Once on scene with the patient, which of the following would best indicate that delivery is imminent? Rupture of the amniotic sac (water breaking) Crowning The patient is past her due date The patient is multigravida

Crowning

193. Which of the following chest pain descriptions would be considered most consistent with an acute myocardial infarction? Sharp pain that worsens with inspiration Burning chest pain Crushing chest pain radiating to the neck with shortness of breath Crushing chest pain alleviated with rest

Crushing chest pain radiating to the neck with shortness of breath

642. An emergency medical technician (EMT) has been exposed to a number of serious trauma calls recently. She is irritable at home and work, and she is unable to sleep well. From which of the following is she most likely suffering? General adaptation syndrome Cumulative stress reaction Acute stress reaction Delayed stress reaction

Cumulative stress reaction

555 Which of the following is considered a sign of hypothermia? Cyanosis with rapid respirations Temperature that is no higher than 101°F (38.3°C) Hypertension Strong pulse

Cyanosis with rapid respirations

181. Which of the following is not a cause of obstructive shock? Damaged cervical spine Tension pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade Saddle embolism

Damaged cervical spine

698. Which of the following would suggest a significant mechanism of injury during a motor vehicle collision? Deployment of an airbag Broken glass present at the scene Multiple vehicles involved Death of another vehicle occupant

Death of another vehicle occupant

328 A 42-year-old woman at the scene of a motor vehicle collision has cool, pale extremities, an irregular, thready pulse rate of 140 beats per minute, a blood pressure of 80/42 mmHg, and a respiratory rate of 32 breaths per minute. Based on your assessment, which stage of shock is this patient most likely exhibiting? Decompensated cardiogenic shock Decompensated hemorrhagic shock Compensated hemorrhagic shock There are no discernible stages of shock

Decompensated hemorrhagic shock

365 A 42-year-old woman at the scene of a motor vehicle collision has cool, pale extremities, an irregular, thready pulse rate of 140 beats per minute, a blood pressure of 80/42 mmHg, and a respiratory rate of 32 breaths per minute. Based on your assessment, which stage of shock is this patient most likely exhibiting? Decompensated cardiogenic shock Decompensated hemorrhagic shock Compensated hemorrhagic shock There are no discernible stages of shock

Decompensated hemorrhagic shock

289. Which of the following is a cause of tachycardia? Severe head injury Exposure to cholinergic agents Decompensated shock Severe hypothermia

Decompensated shock

573 An 18-year-old female has had diarrhea for three days. She complains of dizziness and dry mouth. Bystanders confirm that close contacts have had gastroenteritis. Which of the following is most likely causing this patient's dizziness and dry mouth? Epilepsy Pneumonia Illicit drug use Dehydration

Dehydration

724. Which of the following is not considered a normal role or responsibility of an emergency medical technician? Ensuring and protecting patient privacy Performing patient assessments Maintaining continuity of care Delegating the authority to provide medical care in the field

Delegating the authority to provide medical care in the field

612 Which of the following is considered to be part of the third stage of labor? Onset of uterine contractions Full dilation of the cervix Delivery of the placenta Birth of the baby

Delivery of the placenta

664. Which of the following is not commonly included in the patient report when communicating with a receiving hospital? Patient's age and gender Chief complaint Physical findings Detailed medical history

Detailed medical history

710. Which of the following is not commonly included in the patient report when communicating with a receiving hospital? Unit identification Estimated time of arrival Patient's response to treatment Detailed medical history

Detailed medical history

651. The scene of a multiple-car accident has been deemed safe. After taking standard precautions, which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Request additional resources Correct any life-threatening conditions Determine the number of patients Assess level of consciousness for any patient found

Determine the number of patients

154 An adult patient has a diabetic history. Which of the following would be a common feature found in a patient suffering from hypoglycemia? Diarrhea Decubitus ulcerations Diaphoresis Dehydration

Diaphoresis

206. An adult male patient is suspected of having an acute myocardial infarction. If true, which of the following may be seen on physical exam? Hemiparesis Hot, red skin that has poor turgor Pinpoint pupils Diaphoresis

Diaphoresis

101 Which of the following options best explains the process of inhalation? Diaphragm contracts and intercostal muscles relax, decreasing the size of the lungs and pushing air out of the lungs into the bloodstream Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity, creating a negative pressure which results in air being pushed into the lungs Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, decreasing the size of the thoracic cavity and pulling air into the lungs Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity and pulling air into the lungs

Diaphragm contracts and intercostal muscles relax, decreasing the size of the lungs and pushing air out of the lungs into the bloodstream

205. Which of the following signs/symptoms would not be associated with acute coronary syndrome? Diarrhea Vomiting Sweating Abdominal pain

Diarrhea

202. In which phase of the cardiac cycle is the left ventricle at rest? Isovolumetric contraction Diastole Cardiac output Systole

Diastole

208. Which of the following terms best describes the period when the ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood? Systemic vascular resistance Diastole Perfusion Systole

Diastole

105 Which of the following is the best definition of dyspnea? Difficulty breathing Difficulty urinating Difficulty swallowing Difficulty speaking

Difficulty breathing

55 An asthmatic patient is experiencing dyspnea. She says she feels better after having self-administered a nebulized albuterol inhaler prior to EMS arrival. What is the primary function of albuterol? Dilates the bronchioles Decreases myocardial oxygen demand Provides moisture to the lungs Reduces inflammation

Dilates the bronchioles

622 Which of the following medications blocks the effects of histamine and is taken for allergic reactions? Naloxone Diphenhydramine Activated charcoal Aspirin

Diphenhydramine

467 Severe bleeding can be life-threatening, particularly if it is not controlled quickly. Which of the following is the best method of initial hemorrhage control in the prehospital setting? Elevation of the extremity A pressure dressing Tourniquet Direct pressure

Direct pressure

459 A 27-year-old woman is bleeding profusely from a wound on her left leg. There are no signs of skeletal injury. What is the initial most appropriate means of controlling her bleeding? Direct pressure on the wound Direct pressure on the wound and elevation of the leg A pressure dressing applied to the wound A tourniquet applied above the level of the bleeding

Direct pressure on the wound

302. A patient's blood pressure is 88/40 mmHg after assisted administration of nitroglycerin. What is the most appropriate next step? Place the patient in the left lateral recumbent position and reassess vital signs every five minutes Administer a second and third dose of nitroglycerin, as the first dose was not effective Administer a second dose of nitroglycerin Discontinue nitroglycerine and monitor vital signs closely

Discontinue nitroglycerine and monitor vital signs closely

714. A 95-year-old female is experiencing chest pain. Her pulse is 99 beats per minute, blood pressure is 120/60 mmHg, and respirations are 22 breaths per minute with an oxygen saturation of 96%. She refuses further treatment and transport to the hospital. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Discuss risks, benefits, and alternatives to transport and have the patient sign documentation, with a witness, indicating her understanding and refusal Accept the patient's wishes and leave the scene Transport her if her family wishes Call the police to force her to go

Discuss risks, benefits, and alternatives to transport and have the patient sign documentation, with a witness, indicating her understanding and refusal

707. A 45-year-old is alert and oriented. The patient has a large wound on his leg and refuses treatment. After some discussion, the patient allows his wound to be bandaged and his vital signs to be assessed. After completion, the patient declines transport. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Have the police transport the patient to the hospital Respect the patient's wishes and leave the scene Transport the patient without further discussion; his wound has caused an altered mental status Discuss risks, benefits, and alternatives to transport and have the patient sign documentation, with a witness, indicating his understanding and refusal

Discuss risks, benefits, and alternatives to transport and have the patient sign documentation, with a witness, indicating his understanding and refusal

716. A 32-year-old woman had two seizures within an hour. There is no suspicion of drug or alcohol use. After her postictal state resolves, she is alert and oriented and refuses further treatment or transport. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Respect the patient's wishes by leaving Assume the patient knows the risks of refusal and have the patient sign a refusal form Discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives to refusal of care/transport and have the patient sign a written refusal Forcefully assess and treat the patient

Discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives to refusal of care/transport and have the patient sign a written refusal

721. If a competent adult patient refuses EMS care and/or transport to the hospital, which of the following is appropriate? Assume the patient knows the risks of refusal and have the patient sign a refusal form Discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives to refusal of care/transport and have the patient sign a written refusal Immediately leave, respecting the patient's wishes Forcefully assess and treat the patient

Discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives to refusal of care/transport and have the patient sign a written refusal

448 A seven-year-old patient jumped from a swing and injured his left leg. There is a prominent deformity to the left leg above his ankle. Which of the following bones is/are most likely fractured? Distal femur Proximal fibula proximal femur/fibula Distal tibia and fibula

Distal tibia and fibula

696. Vital signs were not taken on a patient when required. Which of the following is the appropriate action to remedy the situation? Omit any mention of the vital signs to avoid the issue Repeat the values of the previously taken vital signs Make all values for this set of vital signs zero Document that vital signs were not taken and the reason why

Document that vital signs were not taken and the reason why

643. An error is made on a patient care report. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to remedy a documentation error? Scribble over the error, initial and date the error, and add the correct information in a different color ink Place an "X" over the error and add the correct information Erase the mistake and rewrite the information correctly Draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial and date the error, and add the correct information

Draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial and date the error, and add the correct information

542 A breathing newborn was delivered in the prehospital setting. He has a pink body, a pulse of 108 beats per minute, and good muscle tone. The infant is crying lustily. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Dry off and completely wrap the newborn, exposing no areas to ensure warmth Provide assisted ventilations Immediately cut the umbilical cord Dry the infant and place the newborn on the mother's abdomen to begin skin-to-skin contact

Dry the infant and place the newborn on the mother's abdomen to begin skin-to-skin contact

150 When assessing respiration rate, which of the following would not cause a responder to restart his or her count? Dyspnea Sighing Talking Coughing

Dyspnea

95 Which of the following is defined as shortness of breath? Dyspnea Atelectasis Aspiration Hypoxia

Dyspnea

649. Which of the following situations represents abandonment? EMS refuses to help a patient administer nitroglycerin that has been prescribed to the patient's wife EMS begins assessing a patient but turns over responsibility for that patient to a first responder EMS begins CPR on a cardiac arrest patient but turns over responsibility to ALS that arrives on the scene With the approval of medical direction, EMS does not transport a patient who declines transport, stating he feels fine after having a seizure

EMS begins assessing a patient but turns over responsibility for that patient to a first responder

678. Which of the following is generally not included in a patient care report? Patient demographics Initial assessment Subjective findings endorsed by the patient EMS opinion of incident

EMS opinion of incident

528 A 28-year-old female states that she was awoken by lower left quadrant abdominal pain. She endorses spotty vaginal bleeding. Her last menstrual period was three months ago; she assumed she was pregnant, but has not taken a home test. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Which of the following is a concern? Ectopic pregnancy Normal pregnancy Preeclampsia Placenta previa

Ectopic pregnancy

270. What does an automated external defibrillator (AED) analyze? Electrical rhythm of the heart Force of contraction of the heart Degree of cardiac compromise Affected area of cardiac compromise

Electrical rhythm of the heart

630. A critical trauma patient is to be transported from the scene by an air ambulance. When operating within a landing zone, which of the following is appropriate? Do not smoke within 25 feet of the aircraft Approach the aircraft from the side, as all loading doors are on the side Approach the aircraft as soon as the loading doors are open Ensure all equipment is secured to a stretcher or backboard

Ensure all equipment is secured to a stretcher or backboard

245. An adult patient is found pulseless and apneic. CPR was initiated by bystanders. Once on scene with the patient, which of the following is appropriate during automated external defibrillator (AED) use? Place AED pads directly over a pacemaker to ensure the shock is delivered to the heart Remove the patient if found in the snow Ensure anyone touching the patient during defibrillation is wearing nonconductive latex gloves Ensure no one is touching the patient during analyzation and defibrillation

Ensure no one is touching the patient during analyzation and defibrillation

39 An adult patient is in need of high-flow oxygen therapy via a nonrebreather mask. Which of the following is required to attain the highest possible oxygen delivery? Do not use a reservoir bag Leave the mask in place and remove supplemental oxygen Ensure the reservoir bag is inflated Adjust the flow rate to no greater than 12 liters per minute

Ensure the reservoir bag is inflated

361 What are the names of the two main layers of the skin? Epidermis and germinal layer Germinal layer and stratum corneal layer Epidermis and dermis Epidermis and stratum corneal layer

Epidermis and dermis

395 A 45-year-old woman was having a private lesson on a beginner ski slope when she fell and hit her head. When you arrive she is conscious, smiling and making jokes. There is no blood and no sign of impact. After you assess her for about 15 minutes, she states that she doesn't need any further care and signs appropriate documentation. As she signs the form, you realize that she is a movie star, and being a fan, you engage in conversation. While you are conversing, she complains of a headache and says she's not feeling well. What is the most likely diagnosis? Subdural hematoma Basilar skull fracture Concussion Epidural hematoma

Epidural hematoma

469 A 17-year-old male was struck on the side of the head. Police arrive on the scene and find him unconscious and call for EMS assistance. By the time they arrive, the patient has regained consciousness and states that he is fine. During their primary assessment, they notice that there is no obvious bleeding, no airway compromise, and his breathing is fine. As they proceed, he becomes obtunded and subsequently loses consciousness. What is the likely cause of his sudden decline? Subarachnoid hemorrhage Subdural hematoma Hemorrhagic shock Epidural hematoma

Epidural hematoma

62 Which anatomical structure, located in the larynx, protects the trachea/airway by preventing food and liquid from entering the airway during swallowing? Epiglottis Carina Cricoid cartilage Vallecula

Epiglottis

155 Which of the following is true regarding epiglottitis? Epiglottitis has a rapid onset of signs and symptoms Epiglottitis affects adults more often than children Epiglottitis can cause swelling of the epiglottis up to five times its normal size Epiglottitis is a non-life-threatening respiratory condition

Epiglottitis has a rapid onset of signs and symptoms

553 A 7-year-old patient has a history of severe allergic reactions. He is currently experiencing facial swelling, urticaria, and inspiratory/expiratory wheezing equally bilaterally. If available, which listed intervention would be the most appropriate to initiate first? High-flow oxygen therapy via a nonrebreather mask Epinephrine auto-injector Diphenhydramine Inhaled beta-agonists

Epinephrine auto-injector

538 An adult patient may be suffering from an ischemic stroke. After administering high-flow oxygen therapy, which of the following should be the next priority? Determine the patient's blood glucose level, medical history and medications, and provide rapid transport Establish a timeline of onset and provide rapid transport Determine the patient's blood pressure bilaterally and provide rapid transport Complete a detailed medical examination prior to transport

Establish a timeline of onset and provide rapid transport

481 A 31-year-old man has a suspected spinal injury but seems otherwise stable. How often should his vital signs be reassessed during transport? Every 15 minutes Continuously Every 30 minutes Every 5 minutes

Every 5 minutes

348 Which of the following is true regarding eviscerations? Attempt to push on the patient's abdomen to elicit pain Remove any clothing that is inside the wound Cover the wound with a sterile, moist dressing Evisceration does not often cause shock

Evisceration does not often cause shock

699. An EMT is under noticeable stress; his mood has changed and he is falling asleep at work. Which of the following is a potential activity that can be exacerbating his response to stress? Excessive alcohol use Spending time with family Adequate exercise regimen Discussing his feelings

Excessive alcohol use

253. A patient requires assistance with the administration of nitroglycerin. Medical direction has been consulted and the medication has been indicated. In addition to checking the medication bottle for the patient's name, the correct medication, route of administration, and dose, what other information should be checked? Prescribing doctor's name Pharmacy that filled the prescription Quantity of nitroglycerin available Expiration date

Expiration date

777. A 30-year-old male is confused but cooperative. He is alert and refusing care and transport to the hospital for definitive care. His vitals are within normal range and there are no obvious signs of illness or injury. Which of the following would be most appropriate in this case? Explain the risk, benefits, and alternatives to treatment and its refusal, and have him sign a refusal of care form with a witness Advise the patient that he should go to the hospital now, because a return call could be costly Explain that calling EMS and then refusing care is considered an abuse of service and can lead to legal problems for the caller Have law enforcement intervene to force the patient to allow treatment and transport

Explain the risk, benefits, and alternatives to treatment and its refusal, and have him sign a refusal of care form with a witness

415 Which of the following is a likely sign/symptom of decompensated shock that may not be seen in compensated shock? Pale, diaphoretic skin Falling blood pressure Feeling of impending doom Weak pulse

Falling blood pressure

674. A competent patient rescinds consent during transport and is not let out of the ambulance. Which of the following has occurred? Assault Abandonment Defamation False imprisonment

False imprisonment

546 Which of the following is not a common side effect seen with metered-dose inhalers that contain epinephrine? Restlessness Hypertension Tachycardia Fatigue

Fatigue

597 A two-year-old is in a postictal state. His mother says he has been ill for several days and had a fever just before becoming unconscious and experiencing the seizure, which lasted less than a minute. She denies any medical history. The child is lethargic but acknowledges his mother's presence. Which of the following has most likely occurred? Diabetic seizure Epileptic seizure Febrile seizure Simple partial seizure

Febrile seizure

460 What is the name of the major blood vessel located in the upper leg that transports oxygen-rich blood to the lower extremities? Femoral artery Brachial vein Brachial artery Femoral vein

Femoral artery

387 For how long should skin be flooded with water if a patient has had skin contact with a poison? Fifteen to twenty minutes Ten to fifteen minutes Twenty to thirty minutes No more than five minutes

Fifteen to twenty minutes

15 A two-month-old child is bleeding from the mouth. What is the maximum amount of time that the patient's mouth should be suctioned? Five seconds Until the airway is clear Ten seconds Fifteen seconds

Five seconds

400 A 34-year-old woman involved in a motor vehicle collision complains of intense chest pain. She has paradoxical motion and signs of hypoxia. Which of the following is most likely present? Ruptured spleen Flail chest Anaphylaxis Pelvic fracture

Flail chest

564 A patient was accidentally sprayed in the eyes with a liquid insecticide. Which of the following would be the most appropriate treatment? Flood the eyes with a constant gentle stream of water Allow the patient's tears to clear the eyes naturally Place activated charcoal in the eyes Place a dressing over both eyes with sterile gauze

Flood the eyes with a constant gentle stream of water

631. When conducting a scene size-up, all of the following components should be addressed except which one? Ensure safety of the scene Form a general impression Determine the need for additional resources Determine the mechanism of injury/nature of illness

Forming a general impression

508 For which of the following patients would the administration of oral glucose be indicated? Twenty-eight-year-old woman with a history of diabetes who collapsed after treadmill exercise and is unresponsive Forty-one-year-old man with a history of epileptic seizures who is showing confusion after a hit on the head Forty-two-year-old man with a history of diabetes and a sudden-onset altered mental status Thirty-six-year-old woman with no known medical history and a sudden-onset hemiplegia

Forty-two-year-old man with a history of diabetes and a sudden-onset altered mental status

445 A trauma patient does not respond verbally or with eye-opening in response to painful stimuli and speech. He extends his arms and legs during the motor response test. What is the GCS score? Fourteen Eight Four Zero

Four

172. Approximately how much time after a myocardial infarction are 90% of myocardial cells dead in the affected area? One to three hours Four to six hours Six to eight hours Thirty minutes to one hour

Four to six hours

201. Which of the following is a complication of improper hand placement during chest compressions? Fractured clavicles Gastric distension A lacerated spleen Fractured ribs

Fractured ribs

495 Which of the following organs is not part of the endocrine system? Gallbladder Pancreas Thyroid gland Pituitary gland

Gallbladder

473 A 64-year-old man is being transported to the hospital due to excessive diarrhea that is dark and tarry. What is the most likely cause of this patient's discolored stool? Appendicitis Pancreatitis Gallstones Gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage

159 An appropriately sized oropharyngeal airway is placed in an unconscious patient. After assisting ventilations, the patient regains consciousness and is aggravated by the presence of the airway adjunct. What is the most appropriate next step? Remove the oropharyngeal airway as quickly as possible Logroll the patient to the side and allow the oropharyngeal airway to fall out on its own Leave the airway in place and suction any likely vomitus Gently remove the oropharyngeal airway following the normal curvature of the mouth

Gently remove the oropharyngeal airway following the normal curvature of the mouth

169. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) has been achieved in a patient who was previously pulseless and apneic. He is now semi-conscious with adequate respirations at a rate of 22 breaths per minute. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Deliver another shock to ensure that the patient does not arrest again Give high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask Provide artificial ventilations with supplemental oxygen Resume CPR

Give high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask

222. A 68-year-old woman was in cardiac arrest; a shock has been delivered via an automated external defibrillator (AED). She has a palpable carotid pulse and is breathing adequately with good skin color. What is the most appropriate next step? Deliver another shock to ensure that the patient does not arrest again Give high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask Provide artificial ventilations with supplemental oxygen Resume CPR

Give high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask

758. Which of the following statements is true regarding gloves and/or glove use? Gloves need only be changed when exposed to bodily fluid Gloves are part of a minimum standard for all patient care if there is possibility of exposure to blood or bodily fluids Gloves should be removed by gripping the fingers and pulling A single pair of gloves is sufficient for any incident, regardless of the number of patients

Gloves are part of a minimum standard for all patient care if there is possibility of exposure to blood or bodily fluids

730. What law provides legal protection to someone who helps an injured person? Good Samaritan law Duty to act Medical Protection Act Duty to treat

Good Samaritan law

608 A newborn gives a weak cry in response to stimuli. In what section of the Apgar scoring system does this assessment belong? Appearance Respirations Grimace Activity

Grimace

513 While assisting a full-term pregnant female in delivering her baby, what may be required to deliver the lower (second) shoulder? Guide the head up slightly Apply gentle downward traction to the head Apply resistance to the head Massage the uterus

Guide the head up slightly

761. Which of the following types of oxygen tanks has the largest volume of oxygen? D-size tank M-size tank E-size tank H-size tank

H-size tank

772. Which of the following is an appropriate response to a patient who does not speak English? Refuse the call and request a bilingual unit Have a relative or friend translate Avoid communicating with the patient to prevent misunderstanding Document everything that was done and have the patient sign it

Have a relative or friend translate

493 A 10-year-old male has non-traumatic epistaxis. He is visibly upset and crying. Which of the following is the most appropriate step to control his bleeding? Have the patient sit leaning forward with the head tilted backward, and apply direct pressure for at least 15 minutes Have the patient sit leaning forward with the head tilted forward, and apply direct pressure for at least 15 minutes Place the patient in the supine position and apply ice over the nose Have the patient sit leaning forward, and pack gauze into the nose

Have the patient sit leaning forward with the head tilted forward, and apply direct pressure for at least 15 minutes

379 A 12-year-old patient has epistaxis from an injury while playing basketball. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment option? Have the patient lay supine and apply ice over the nose Have the patient lean his head back and apply direct pressure for at least 5 minutes by pinching the fleshy part of the nostrils Pack the nose with rolled up four-inch gauze Have the patient sit with head tilted forward and apply direct pressure for at least 15 minutes by pinching the fleshy part of the nostrils

Have the patient sit with head tilted forward and apply direct pressure for at least 15 minutes by pinching the fleshy part of the nostrils

726. Which of the following is not an appropriate strategy for managing stress? Talk about feelings with trusted people Practice meditation Limit tobacco use Have two glasses of wine to help with sleep

Have two glasses of wine to help with sleep

242. Which of the following is a common side effect of nitroglycerin? Headache Hypertension Nausea Drowsiness

Headache

273. A patient has just been assisted in the administration of prescribed nitroglycerin. His previous complaint of chest pain has been alleviated. Which of the following is a common side effect of nitroglycerin therapy? Headache Hypertension Nausea and vomiting Urticaria

Headache

167. How does an angina pectoris attack differ from an acute myocardial infarction (AMI)? Heart muscle can be permanently damaged with an AMI Angina pectoris pain typically lasts longer than AMI pain Angina pectoris will only present with chest pain Nitroglycerin is not indicated in angina pectoris pain

Heart muscle can be permanently damaged with an AMI

523 On a hot summer afternoon, a 64-year-old obese male, with no discernible medical history, complains of weakness and muscle cramps; he has a rapid heartbeat. Which of the following is most likely? Heat exhaustion Acute coronary syndrome Respiratory distress Acute abdomen

Heat exhaustion

621 Which of the following is a cause of flushed skin? Late stage hypoxia Hypoglycemia Heat overexposure Decompensated shock

Heat overexposure

374 A trauma patient has sustained a blunt force injury to his costovertebral region. Which of the following would be most indicative of a patient suffering a kidney injury? Melena Hematuria Hematemesis Epistaxis

Hematuria

617 Which of the following is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body? Lactic acid Hemoglobin Platelets Carbonic acid

Hemoglobin

285. A 66-year-old male with a history of chronic hypertension complains of a sudden-onset headache and nausea. He states that he has a strange feeling in his left arm, with weakness, numbness and a tingling in his left leg. During the interview, his story becomes confusing and he complains of visual disturbances. On physical exam, his pulse is thready at 126 beats per minute, his respiration rate is 20 breaths per minute and breathing is not labored. His blood pressure is 218/130 mmHg. What is most likely occurring? Migraine headache Acute coronary syndrome Transient ischemic attack Hemorrhagic stroke

Hemorrhagic stroke

490 A 66-year-old patient complains of right upper quadrant pain and general malaise, and has a yellowish tint to his skin and the sclera of his eyes. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his complaints and findings? Pneumonia Pancreatitis Chronic renal failure Hepatitis

Hepatitis

76 An alert and oriented patient may be suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning. Which of the following is the best treatment for this patient? Low-flow oxygen via nasal cannula High-flow oxygen via nonrebreather mask Insertion of an airway adjunct Assisted ventilations via bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen

High-flow oxygen via nonrebreather mask

470 An adult patient has widespread burns from an explosion. He has superficial, partial, and full-thickness burns over a large portion of his body. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment regimen? High-flow oxygen and dry occlusive dressing following burn ointment application Low-flow oxygen and douse with sterile water to aid in pain relief High-flow oxygen, dry sterile dressings, treatment for shock, and maintenance of body temperature Low-flow oxygen, moist sterile dressings, and maintenance of body temperature=

High-flow oxygen, dry sterile dressings, treatment for shock, and maintenance of body temperature

197. Which of the following is not a contraindication to the administration of aspirin to a patient with chest pain? History of myocardial infarction Allergy to aspirin Asthma Bleeding disorders

History of myocardial infarction

595 Which of the following signs or symptoms is most likely to be associated with a heat-related emergency? Hot, dry skin High diastolic blood pressure Moist mucosa Decreased body temperature

Hot, dry skin

600 An adult patient has a history of type 2 diabetes and complains of dark urine and generalized weakness for the last few days. Her respirations are 18 breaths per minute with an oxygen saturation of 92%. Her pulse is 126 beats per minute and blood pressure is 100/70 mmHg. After applying high-flow oxygen therapy, her blood glucose is assessed and reveals 650 mg/dL. If the patient does not receive medical intervention, which of the following is most likely to occur? Alkalosis Chronic renal failure Diabetic ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome

578 An adult took an overdose of diazepam, a benzodiazepine. Which of the following symptoms would one expect to encounter during the physical examination? Hypertension Hypersomnolence Hyperactivity Nervousness

Hypersomnolence

220. Which of the following is not a common side effect of nitroglycerin? Headache Hypertension Bradycardia Tachycardia

Hypertension

53 A 26-year-old patient with acute abdominal pain has a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute and an oxygen saturation of 76%. Concerns arise about an inaccurate oxygen saturation. Which of the following will not interfere with the accuracy of a pulse oximeter? Hypertension Carbon monoxide poisoning Hypovolemia Hypothermia

Hypertension

584 An adult patient reports that he is on a newly prescribed opioid pain medication that he feels may be causing his complaints. Which of the following is not a feature of opioid use/overdose? Bradypnea Hypertension Cyanosis Sedation

Hypertension

151 A 23-year-old female is breathing at a rate of 45 breaths per minute and is visibly upset. She has no known medical conditions and takes no medications. She states that she has numbness and tingling in her hands. From which of the following is the patient most likely suffering? Pneumonia Diabetic ketoacidosis Hyperventilation Aspirin overdose

Hyperventilation

501 A 32-year-old patient appears to be intoxicated. Bystanders are unaware of any alcohol or drug use. They report that the patient seemed to be fine until he began acting drunk. Which of the following is the most likely cause? Allergic reaction Alcohol abuse Hypoglycemia Poisoning

Hypoglycemia

514 A 25-year-old female has an altered mental status. Bystanders state the patient was acting fine until her mental status changed suddenly. They go on to say the patient is diabetic and has not eaten since taking her insulin earlier today. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her altered mental status? Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia Head injury Dementia

Hypoglycemia

355 A 50-year-old is trapped in a car after a motor vehicle collision. She is conscious and alert but states she cannot move. Her passenger has died due to injuries sustained in the accident. There is severe compartment intrusion and damage to the car. After assessing and treating life-threatening conditions, which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Obtain a set of vital signs Determine the patient's chief complaint Identify the patient priority and prepare for rapid transport Obtain a family history

Identify the patient priority and prepare for rapid transport

251. A 55-year-old male has an extensive cardiac history and may be experiencing cardiac compromise. When is the most appropriate time to attach automated external defibrillator (AED) pads? If assisted administration of nitroglycerin does not alleviate any chest pain If and when he becomes pulseless and apneic When his condition starts to deteriorate Upon learning that part of his cardiac history includes previous acute myocardial infarction

If and when he becomes pulseless and apneic

371 Which of the following is not true regarding interventions for fractures? If bone ends are protruding, attempt to push them back into place When splinting a fracture, assess neurovascular status before and after splinting If a joint is locked, do not manipulate the limb excessively When dealing with a hand fracture, splint the hand in a position of function

If bone ends are protruding, attempt to push them back into place

623 A five-year-old is unconscious, and breathing inadequately. When inserting an oropharyngeal airway, which of the following is true? Oropharyngeal airways should be used in patients who have ingested caustic products, in order to induce vomiting of the substance and ease suctioning of vomitus Be sure to hyperextend the neck in children, in order to move the tongue out of the way The only way to measure an oropharyngeal airway is to use Broselow tape If the airway is too large, it may obstruct the larynx

If the airway is too large, it may obstruct the larynx

18 Under what circumstances should a patient's dentures be removed in order to provide proper assisted ventilations? If an oropharyngeal airway is being placed If the dentures make the patient uncomfortable If the dentures obstruct the airway or interfere with ventilation If severe head trauma has occurred

If the dentures obstruct the airway or interfere with ventilation

3 Under what circumstances should a patient's dentures be removed in order to provide proper assisted ventilations? If an oropharyngeal airway is being placed If the dentures make the patient uncomfortable If the dentures obstruct the airway or interfere with ventilation If severe head trauma has occurred

If the dentures obstruct the airway or interfere with ventilation

586 An adult patient suddenly develops respiratory distress after a bee sting. Under medical direction, when is epinephrine able to be administered? If the patient is in severe respiratory distress or arrest If the medication has been prescribed for this patient by his own physician If the patient has no history of heart disease If the medication has been stored in the refrigerator

If the medication has been prescribed for this patient by his own physician

142 A 36-year-old woman with a history of asthma is wheezing and gasping for air. Her pulse is 88 beats per minute. Which of the following is necessary for the assistance of a metered-dose inhaler? If the patient has her child's inhaler and has been using it as needed If the patient has her own prescribed inhaler and medical direction is obtained If her respiratory rate is greater than 26 breaths per minute If her blood pressure is greater than 120/80 mmHg

If the patient has her own prescribed inhaler and medical direction is obtained

216. An adult patient has substernal chest pain. In which of the following situations should nitroglycerin be withheld? If the patient has a history of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) If the patient's diastolic blood pressure is 80 mmHg If the patient is experiencing non-radiating chest pain If the patient has taken tadalafil (Cialis) within the past 24 hours

If the patient has taken tadalafil (Cialis) within the past 24 hours

731. Which of the following describes a criterion necessary to perform an emergency move? Movement of the patient against his or her will Patient complaint of discomfort Severe rain without lightning Immediate danger to the patient

Immediate danger to the patient

419 A 39-year-old woman is restrained in her car after a crash. She is alert, oriented, and has a current Glasgow coma score of 15. She complains of lumbar spine pain only. Which of the following is the most appropriate method of immobilization? Have her exit the vehicle and then complete inline stabilization and subsequent spinal immobilization with a cervical collar and long backboard Immobilize her using a short backboard, then transfer her to a long backboard Assist her out of the vehicle, place her directly on the ground, and then apply a long backboard Apply a cervical collar and assist her out of the vehicle and onto a stretcher with a long backboard in place

Immobilize her using a short backboard, then transfer her to a long backboard

636. Which of the following is generally not included in a patient care report? Immunization record Description of care provided Chief complaint Assessment findings

Immunization record

562 You arrive on scene to find an unconscious adult patient with no one present who knows the patient. What type of consent would you need to acquire prior to initiating care and transport of this patient to the appropriate medical facility? Implied consent Refusal of care Expressed consent In loco parentis

Implied consent

764. Which of the following allows an emergency medical technician to treat and transport an unresponsive adult patient? Implied consent Expressed consent Advance directive Informed consent

Implied consent

161 An adult male has ineffective spontaneous respirations. His ventilations are assisted with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen. Which of the following is a good indicator that ventilations are being delivered effectively? Reduction of expired airflow through the nose Improved skin color and temperature Noisy breath sounds Diminished breath sounds

Improved skin color and temperature

107 When is the jaw-thrust maneuver the most appropriate method of opening the airway? In an unconscious person with snoring In suspected cervical spinal trauma In an infant in respiratory distress In a person with a curved spine that does not lay flat

In suspected cervical spinal trauma

554 Which of the following is a contraindication to oral glucose? Confusion Nausea Inability to swallow and unconsciousness Unknown blood glucose level

Inability to swallow and unconsciousness

116 Which of the following may indicate that a patient's tidal volume is inadequate? Warm, dry skin with pink mucosa Inadequate chest rise and fall during breathing Higher than normal respiration rate Capillary refill of less than or equal to two seconds

Inadequate chest rise and fall during breathing

532 In infants and children, what does drawing in of the intercostal or substernal muscles during inspiration commonly indicate? Increased work of breathing Adequate breathing Apnea Shallow breathing

Increased work of breathing

153 What is the correct anatomical location of the cricoid cartilage? Superior to the epiglottis Within the oropharynx Inferior to the thyroid cartilage, at the lowest portion of the larynx At the same level as the carina

Inferior to the thyroid cartilage, at the lowest portion of the larynx

734. Law enforcement requests medical care for a "man down." Once the scene is deemed safe, assessment of the patient begins. A shotgun is noticed under the bed next to the patient. What is the most appropriate next step? Pick up the firearm and ensure it is given to police Ignore the firearm and continue treatment of the patient Inform law enforcement immediately of your discovery Pick up the firearm and maintain possession of it until arrival at the hospital

Inform law enforcement immediately of your discovery

34 Which of the following routes of administration can be described as absorbing medication into the bloodstream via the lungs? Inhalation Sublingual Transcutaneous Intramuscular

Inhalation

556 Which of the following is an effect of aspirin? Inhibition of platelet aggregation Anticoagulation Prevention of stomach ulcers Vasodilation

Inhibition of platelet aggregation

268. A 58-year-old male is being transported for complaints of chest pain. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step if the patient becomes unconscious, pulseless, and apneic? Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) Perform a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) Provide assisted ventilations Analyze the patient's rhythm via the automated external defibrillator (AED) and defibrillate, while continuing to transport

Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED)

217. A 52-year-old man suddenly collapses and quickly becomes apneic and pulseless during transport for general malaise. The hospital is less than three minutes away. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) and defibrillate, if indicated Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available Prepare the patient and stretcher for a quick entry into the emergency department (ED) Provide assisted ventilations

Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available

276. A 62-year-old man complains of chest discomfort. During evaluation, he suddenly becomes unconscious. He is pulseless and apneic. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step? Attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) and defibrillate, if indicated Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available Perform a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) Provide assisted ventilations

Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available

290. An adult patient collapses and becomes pulseless after complaining of substernal chest pain. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Assess his level of consciousness Try to establish the cause of the arrest before initiating care, so the cause may be reversed Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available Quickly perform abdominal thrusts to ensure he is not suffering a foreign body airway obstruction

Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available

300. A 73-year-old patient had a return of spontaneous circulation following bystander CPR and defibrillation via an automated external defibrillator (AED). During transport, he suddenly becomes unconscious and is found to be pulseless and apneic once again. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, until the AED is ready to analyze Perform a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) Provide assisted ventilations Analyze the patient's rhythm via the AED and defibrillate, while continuing to transport

Initiate CPR, beginning with chest compressions, until the AED is ready to analyze

306. A patient is found pulseless and apneic. If three rescuers are available, what is the most appropriate next step? Apply an automatic external defibrillator (AED), analyze the patient's rhythm, then initiate two-person CPR, beginning with chest compressions Perform assisted ventilation while another rescuer applies automatic external defibrillator (AED) Initiate one-rescuer CPR, beginning with chest compressions, while two rescuers apply an automatic external defibrillator (AED) Initiate two-rescuer CPR, beginning with chest compressions, while the third rescuer applies an automatic external defibrillator (AED)

Initiate two-rescuer CPR, beginning with chest compressions, while the third rescuer applies an automatic external defibrillator (AED)

670. Which of the following is considered a tertiary blast injury? Injuries due to being hurled into a stationary object Injuries due to fires started by the blast Injuries due to flying debris Injuries due to the blast

Injuries due to being hurled into a stationary object

620 A 70-year-old female began showing signs of confusion, facial droop, nausea/vomiting, and right-sided weakness while watching TV, per her family. Prior to EMS arrival, the patient became unconscious. She is breathing at a rate of 16 breaths per minute with snoring respirations. She has a pulse rate of 100 beats per minute with a blood pressure of 190/120 mmHg. Her gag reflex is intact. She is beginning to show signs of hypoxia. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate after opening her airway? Insert a nasopharyngeal airway, apply high-flow oxygen, and initiate rapid transport Insert a oropharyngeal airway, apply low-flow oxygen, and initiate rapid transport Monitor vital signs and initiate rapid transport Insert an oropharyngeal airway, assist ventilations using a bag-valve mask, and initiate rapid transport

Insert a nasal airway, apply high-flow oxygen, and initiate a safe transport.

144 An adult patient is found unresponsive with spontaneous respirations at a rate of 12 breaths per minute with adventitious breath sounds auscultated in both lungs. He has an active gag reflex and a strong carotid pulse. What is the most appropriate next step? Suction the patient's airway Insert an oropharyngeal airway Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and apply high-flow oxygen therapy Begin mouth-to-mask ventilation

Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and apply high-flow oxygen therapy

358 You arrive on scene to find a 24-year-old man who was stabbed in the abdomen by a six-inch-long kitchen knife. He is semiconscious and denies neck or back pain. There is minimal external blood loss noted, his skin is cool and clammy, and his heart rate is fast. Which of the following is most likely the cause of his symptoms? Internal bleeding Spinal injury Respiratory distress Increased intracranial pressure

Internal bleeding

331 A 20-year-old male has a suspected closed head injury and a closed femur fracture. He is cool, clammy, and anxious. His respirations are 22 breaths per minute, his heart rate is 120 beats per minute, and his blood pressure is 100/48 mmHg. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his shock? Pain from the suspected femur fracture Internal bleeding around the femur fracture The closed head injury Recent vomiting and diarrhea due to an infection

Internal bleeding around the femur fracture

370 A 20-year-old male has a suspected closed head injury and a closed femur fracture. He is cool, clammy, and anxious. His respirations are 22 breaths per minute, his heart rate is 120 beats per minute, and his blood pressure is 100/48 mmHg. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his shock? Pain from the suspected femur fracture Internal bleeding around the femur fracture The closed head injury Recent vomiting and diarrhea due to an infection

Internal bleeding around the femur fracture

339 A 75-year-old woman complains of severe upper right quadrant abdominal pain. She also notes intermittent pain from her abdomen to her right shoulder. Her abdomen is rigid and distended. Which of the following is most likely? Bleeding ulcer Mallory-Weiss tear Internal bleeding secondary to a lacerated spleen Internal bleeding secondary to a lacerated liver

Internal bleeding secondary to a lacerated liver

675. Which of the following types of motor vehicle accidents involving an ambulance is most common? Railroad crossing crashes Hydroplaning crashes Pedestrian crosswalk crashes Intersection crashes

Intersection crashes

625 The neighbor of a 65-year-old woman calls EMS after seeing that her friend received multiple wasp stings while she was working in her garden. She is in respiratory distress with wheezing and is confused, able to follow only simple commands. The skin is flushed, and urticaria is noted. Physical examination reveals diffuse bilateral expiratory wheezes, tachycardia, and extremities that are cool to the touch. Which of the following is the appropriate treatment? Intravenous ranitidine Oral diphenhydramine Intramuscular epinephrine Hydrocortisone

Intramuscular epinephrine

81 A patient presents with hives, hypotension, and wheezing on inspiration. Which of the following interventions would most likely benefit this patient? Oral ondansetron Oral diphenhydramine Intramuscular epinephrine Albuterol via a metered dose inhaler

Intramuscular epinephrine

130 Which of the following is an early sign of respiratory distress? Bradypnea Bradycardia Irritability Lethargy

Irritability

397 When is it appropriate to elevate an extremity to assist in the control of bleeding? It is not appropriate to elevate an extremity to control bleeding If arterial bleeding is present If no skeletal injury is present in the extremity If a pressure dressing does not adequately control bleeding

It is not appropriate to elevate an extremity to control bleeding

19 Which of the following statements regarding a nonrebreather mask is false? It contains a reservoir bag that must be filled with oxygen prior to placing it on the patient's face Leaving the mask in place without flowing oxygen will cause the patient to rebreathe exhaled carbon dioxide The recommended flow rate for a non-rebreather mask is 10-15 liters per minute It provides a lower concentration of oxygen

It provides a lower concentration of oxygen

135 A patient is found unconscious after falling from a tree. Which of the following is the most appropriate method to open his airway? Place the patient in the "sniffing" position Jaw-thrust maneuver No specific approach required Head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver

Jaw-thrust maneuver

71 An adult patient was found unconscious and apneic after falling from the third floor of an apartment building. Which of the following techniques is the appropriate way to open the patient's airway? Jaw-thrust maneuver Head-lift maneuver Place padding under his shoulders and maintain C-spine control while pulling down on lower jaw with free fingers Head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver

Jaw-thrust maneuver

401 Which of the following is a sign of increased pressure within the chest, secondary to a cardiac tamponade? Palpable carotid pulse Hypertension Jugular vein distension Expansion of the lung

Jugular vein distension

659. EMS personnel are preparing to transport an obese male patient to the hospital for admission. What is the most appropriate way to lift a heavy patient? Keep the back straight, place the legs shoulder-width apart, and bend at the knees Transport the patient in a stair chair Keep the legs straight and locked at the knees, bend at the waist, and lift with the back Begin the lift while on the knees, standing as the lift continues

Keep the back straight, place the legs shoulder-width apart, and bend at the knees

662. Which of the following is true regarding proper lifting technique? Place lateral force across the spine Outstretch your arms Keep the patient as close to your body as possible Keep your legs together

Keep the patient as close to your body as possible

741. Which of the following is not considered part of the correct procedure for lifting and moving patients? Avoid twisting of one's body while lifting Constantly communicate with other partners or team members Keep the back in a straight, locked-in position Keep the patient's weight as far away from one's body as possible

Keep the patient's weight as far away from one's body as possible

756. What is the best way to lift a patient lying on a stretcher? Keep your back in a locked-in position and bend at the knees Reach for the stretcher and lift simultaneously to save time Keep your legs together when lifting Bend at the waist and lift with the arms

Keep your back in a locked-in position and bend at the knees

572 Which of the following drugs is a commonly abused hallucinogen? Alcohol Amphetamine Cocaine Ketamine

Ketamine

549 A 19-year-old male presents with costovertebral angle tenderness with guarding. He is conscious, with a respiration rate of 16 breaths per minute, a pulse rate of 108 beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 138/80 mmHg. He denies injury and states that the pain began this morning when he awoke. Which of the following organs is most likely involved? Gallbladder Pancreas Liver Kidneys

Kidneys

596 A full-term 20-year-old female is being transported to the hospital. The umbilical cord begins to present at the opening of the birth canal. Which of the following is the best position in which to place the patient during transport? Knee-chest position Recovery position Semi-Fowler with legs elevated Supine with the head of the cot raised 6-12 inches above the feet

Knee-chest position

303. Which of the following is the cause of angina pectoris? When the body can no longer adapt to maintain cardiac output The presence of cardiac chest pain When the heart lacks enough power to create adequate cardiac output Lack of adequate oxygenation to the heart

Lack of adequate oxygenation to the heart

83 What anatomical structure marks the end of the upper airway and the beginning of the lower airway? Glottis Larynx Carina Oropharynx

Larynx

515 Which of the following is not part of the SAMPLE mnemonic? Signs and symptoms Last occurrence of similar injury/illness Medications Events leading up to injury/illness

Last occurrence of similar injury/illness

464 A 62-year-old obese patient complains of abdominal pain. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her skin is cool and clammy, her heart rate is fast, and she may be experiencing hypovolemic shock. Which of the following would be most appropriate in this case? Sit the patient up (Fowler or semi-Fowler) Lay the patient flat on her left side (left lateral recumbent) Lay the patient face down (prone) Lay the patient flat on her back (supine)

Lay the patient flat on her back (supine)

510 A patient is complaining of stomach pain. She says she has a history of peptic ulcers. In which region of the abdomen is the stomach located? Left lower quadrant Left upper quadrant Right lower quadrant Right upper quadrant

Left upper quadrant

274. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body? Left ventricle Right ventricle Right atrium Left atrium

Left ventricle

540 Which of the following behaviors is suggestive of a patient who is suspected of experiencing hypothermia? Complaints of a headache Lethargy Extreme thirst Rapid, fluent speaking

Lethargy

618 Which of the following obstetrical situations requires hospital intervention to correct? Meconium in the amniotic fluid Crowning Limb presentation Multiple births

Limb presentation

640. An elderly patient is in cardiac arrest and a family member presents a do not resuscitate (DNR) order. Which of the following is a common requirement in order for a DNR to be valid? List of medical problems List of medications List of allergies Events leading to current cardiac arrest

List of medical problems

684. Which of the following best describes the proper stance in preparation for a power lift? Firmly plant the legs and do not move them prior to lifting, no matter what Lock one's back in a slight curve and spread and bend one's legs Balance all of one's weight on one leg Bend at the waist and lift with the arms

Lock one's back in a slight curve and spread and bend one's legs

131 An unconscious patient is found with blood and possibly broken teeth or debris in the upper airway. What is the best way to clear the patient's airway safely and effectively? Log-roll the patient to the side and clear the mouth carefully with a gloved finger, clearing only those foreign bodies that are visible Log-roll the patient to the side and clear the mouth carefully with a gloved finger using a blind finger sweep Apply a nonrebreather mask with high-flow oxygen, and allow the secretions to drain into the stomach Use a rigid catheter to suction away the debris

Log-roll the patient to the side and clear the mouth carefully with a gloved finger, clearing only those foreign bodies that are visible

7 What is the correct procedure for removing oral secretions from the oropharynx of a conscious patient without visible foreign bodies and no suspected C-spine injury? Turn the patient's head to the side, open the mouth, insert the catheter and suction in a circular motion during withdrawal for no more than 15 seconds Insert an oropharyngeal airway to ensure a patent airway Logroll the patient to his/her side and clear the mouth carefully with a gloved finger Continuously ventilate the patient to ensure appropriate oxygenation

Logroll the patient to his/her side and clear the mouth carefully with a gloved finger

156 A 90-year-old female is found lying supine on the floor, appearing unconscious. Upon examination, she is unresponsive. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Roll the patient onto her side to prevent aspiration in the event of vomitus Look for no breathing or only gasping and check pulse simultaneously Administer rescue breathing at a rate of one breath every five seconds Immediately begin chest compressions

Look for no breathing or only gasping and check pulse simultaneously

410 An elderly male patient is prone in his front yard. He is unresponsive, with a good pulse and adequate respirations. No witnesses to the event are present; no family members are available to give an adequate history. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Roll the patient into the supine position and perform a sternal rub to assess level of responsiveness Maintain in-line cervical, apply a cervical collar, and logroll the patient, with assistance, onto a long backboard Roll the patient into the supine position and try to arouse him with ammonia inhalants Assess the patient's blood sugar prior to assessing for injuries

Maintain in-line cervical, apply a cervical collar, and logroll the patient, with assistance, onto a long backboard

411 An elderly male patient is prone in his front yard. He is unresponsive, with a good pulse and adequate respirations. No witnesses to the event are present; no family members are available to give an adequate history. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Roll the patient into the supine position and perform a sternal rub to assess level of responsiveness Maintain in-line cervical, apply a cervical collar, and logroll the patient, with assistance, onto a long backboard Roll the patient into the supine position and try to arouse him with ammonia inhalants Assess the patient's blood sugar prior to assessing for injuries

Maintain in-line cervical, apply a cervical collar, and logroll the patient, with assistance, onto a long backboard

718. When moving a patient who is suspected of having a cervical spine injury from the ground to a long backboard, with four providers available, which of the following techniques is the most acceptable? Maintain inline stabilization, apply a cervical collar, and slide the patient up the board, holding them underneath the arms Maintain inline stabilization and, under direction from the provider situated near the patient's head, logroll the patient to position the long backboard underneath Sheet-drag the patient onto the board with natural inline stabilization provided by the sheet Maintain inline stabilization, apply a cervical collar, and lift the patient, under direction of the provider situated at the patient's head, to position the long backboard under the patient

Maintain inline stabilization and, under direction from the provider situated near the patient's head, logroll the patient to position the long backboard underneath

427 A 17-year-old fell off a ladder approximately 30 feet onto concrete. He is semiconscious. Assuming inline stabilization is completed, which of the following is most important? Provide oxygen Manage the airway Transport the patient immediately Immobilize the patient's spine with a cervical collar

Manage the airway

753. A two-car collision involving power lines has occurred. One vehicle has power lines across the top of the car. A crowd of people is standing nearby on the side of the road. Which of the following is the most next appropriate step? Move the power lines away from the vehicle to prevent further injury Mark a perimeter around the downed wire and do not enter the scene Perform an emergency move on any patient in the vehicle Begin assessment and treatment, being careful to avoid contact with the wire

Mark a perimeter around the downed wire and do not enter the scene

735. Which of the following is a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? Maternal age under 20 years Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy Infant being overweight at birth Minimal maternal weight gain during pregnancy

Maternal age under 20 years

67 An unconscious three-year-old is in need of an oropharyngeal airway (OPA) to keep his tongue away from his posterior airway. Which of the following is considered the best way to determine the appropriate size OPA in a pediatric patient? Measure using a length-based resuscitation tape (Broselow tape) Measure by placing the bite block at the tip of the lateral incisors and the flange approximately at the hard palate Measure by placing the flange at the corner of the patient's mouth and the bite block at the tip of the nose Measure by placing the flange at the nose and the bite block at the lower jaw

Measure using a length-based resuscitation tape (Broselow tape)

558 A nearly full-term pregnant female called for assistance after discovering that her water broke; she noted green fluid in the discharge at that time. Which of the following is the most likely cause? Meconium staining Nuchal cord Preeclampsia Unruptured amniotic sac

Meconium staining

72 Which of the following is a reason to stop CPR in the prehospital setting? Medical direction advises discontinuation Three shocks have been provided via an automated external defibrillator ALS is en route A provider has completed ten cycles of chest compressions and is beginning to be fatigued

Medical direction advises discontinuation

760. Which of the following is the individual who authorizes EMS personnel to provide medical care in the field? Emergency medical responder Medical director Medical control Emergency medical dispatch

Medical director

74 Which of the following is not a cause of hyperventilation? Hyperglycemia Metabolic alkalosis Asthma Panic attack

Metabolic alkalosis

446 Which of the following is the most common cause of brain injury? Blast injuries Motor vehicle crashes Gunshot wounds Blood clots

Motor vehicle crashes

441 Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention for a patient having an active seizure? Administer oral glucose Restrain the patient to prevent injury Obtain vital signs for comparison to the postictal state Move objects out of the patient's way

Move objects out of the patient's way

557 Which of the following patients is most likely to deliver her baby on scene before transport? Primigravida 31-year-old patient with contractions that are three minutes apart lasting 30 seconds without an urge to push Primigravida 26-year-old patient with contractions that are five minutes apart lasting 30 seconds with a recent bloody show Multigravida 24-year-old patient with visible crowning and contractions that are two minutes apart lasting 60 seconds Multigravida 32-year-old patient with contractions that are four minutes apart lasting 45 seconds whose water recenty broke

Multigravida 24-year-old patient with visible crowning and contractions that are two minutes apart lasting 60 seconds

272. What is the name of the middle layer of the heart? Myocardium Epicardium Pericardium Endocardium

Myocardium

589 An adult male who took an overdose of drugs in a suicide attempt, per 911 dispatch, is unconscious with shallow breathing and a slow pulse. He is exhibiting constricted pupils and cyanosis. Which of the following medications is the most likely cause of this patient's overdose? Sympathomimetic Benzodiazepines Antihistamine Narcotic

Narcotics

122 Which of the following is not commonly seen during an asthma attack? Narrowing pulse pressure Tachypnea Accessory muscle usage Agitation

Narrowing pulse pressure

84 Which of the following terms indicates the portion of the airway located above the roof of the mouth and the soft palate? Epiglottis Nasopharynx Oropharynx Trachea

Nasopharynx

681. An appropriately trained EMS does not provide adequate ventilations during resuscitation, and a patient dies as a result. Which of the following has occurred? Abandonment Slander Battery Negligence

Negligence

682. An on-duty EMT refuses to initiate care for a patient who is rude but not verbally or physically abusive. The EMT stays on the scene until an alternate unit arrives. The patient dies as a result of delay of care. Which of the following has occurred? Assault Abandonment Battery Negligence

Negligence

443 An adult patient was involved in a motor vehicle crash with major compartment intrusion. She is conscious but disoriented with a current Glasgow Coma Scale score of nine. She is hypotensive and bradycardic with a thready, irregular carotid pulse. Her abdomen is flat and non-tender on palpation. Her extremities remain warm and dry, and she extends her legs when stimuli are applied. Which of the following types of shock is most likely causing her signs and symptoms? Hypovolemic shock Cardiogenic shock Septic shock Neurogenic shock

Neurogenic shock

462 In addition to DCAP-BTLS, which of the following should be assessed in the extremities of a trauma patient? Retractions Paradoxical motion Reflexes Neurovascular status

Neurovascular status

363 Which of the following is true regarding splinting? Neurovascular status should be assessed before and after splinting Clothing should be left in place over suspected fractures when splinting Stabilize the bone immediately above and below a suspected fracture, but allow for mobility of adjacent joints Move a potentially affected limb to assess for crepitus prior to splinting

Neurovascular status should be assessed before and after splinting

200. Which of the following medications relaxes the muscles of blood vessel walls, dilates coronary arteries, increases blood flow and oxygen supply to heart muscles, and decreases the workload of the heart? Nitroglycerin Epinephrine Activated charcoal Aspirin

Nitroglycerin

284. A 56-year-old patient complains of chest pain. He has a history of angina pectoris. Which of the following medications is most likely to alleviate his pain, if it is cardiac-related? Nitroglycerin Furosemide Acetaminophen Aspirin

Nitroglycerin

308. Which of the following is true regarding nitroglycerin? Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients with a systolic blood pressure under 110 mmHg Nitroglycerin is indicated in patients with any type of chest pain Nitroglycerin should not be used in patients who have taken erectile dysfunction medications within the previous week Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator

Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator

408 Which of the following is a sign of increased intracranial pressure? Nonreactive pupils Anxiety Tachycardia Hypotension

Nonreactive pupils

746. A four-month-old is bleeding from his head. EMS has been at this home several times before to treat injuries of this child. Injuries sustained match the child's age and ability, as the parents have stated. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Notify the proper authorities Ask further questions to ensure no child abuse is occurring Immediately take the child from the parents and transport to the hospital Confront the parents about the inconsistencies

Notify the proper authorities

389 Jugular vein distension may be seen in which type of shock? Cardiogenic shock Septic shock Neurogenic shock Obstructive shock

Obstructive shock

292. A 62-year-old female complains of mild chest discomfort. She is conscious, alert, and oriented. She states that she thinks she may have heartburn, although she does have a cardiac history. She also reports she was prescribed nitroglycerin but was scared to take it while she was alone. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Apply automated external defibrillator (AED) pads, in case the patient deteriorates rapidly Tell her she appears to be fine and return to service Obtain vital signs and apply high-flow oxygen Assist the patient with her nitroglycerin to relieve the chest pain

Obtain vital signs and apply high-flow oxygen

689. Which of the following agencies is responsible for enforcing guidelines concerning reducing hazards in the workplace? National Incident Management System (NIMS) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

417 A 20-year-old was involved in a motorcycle accident while not wearing a helmet. The patient is conscious but disoriented. He has a large hematoma to the right side of his head. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to transport this patient? On a long backboard with full spinal immobilization including a cervical collar With a Kendrick extrication device (KED) in place and a dressing applied to the hematoma on his head On a stretcher in the recovery position to avoid aspirating vomitus if it occurs On a stretcher in a semi-Fowler position, with an ice pack over the hematoma to avoid swelling or increased bleeding

On a long backboard with full spinal immobilization including a cervical collar

61 A 16-year-old patient is lethargic and not breathing adequately; assisted ventilations are initiated. Which of the following is the appropriate rate of assisted ventilations for this patient? One breath every ten seconds One breath every seven seconds One breath every second One breath every five seconds

One breath every five seconds

82 An unresponsive 40-year-old male is apneic and cyanotic. He has a weak carotid pulse of 48 beats per minute. Rescue breathing via a bag-valve mask with a reservoir and supplemental oxygen is initiated. What is the appropriate ventilation rate for this patient? One breath every other second until his heart rate improves One breath every two seconds until noticeable improvement in the patient's color is seen One breath every ten seconds to match his low cardiac output One breath every five seconds to mimic a normal respiration rate

One breath every five seconds to mimic a normal respiration rate

109 What is the best way to ventilate an apneic adult patient when there are at least two rescuers available? One rescuer maintains a good mask seal by securing the mask to the patient's face with two hands while the other rescuer ventilates the patient using mouth-to-mask ventilations One rescuer ventilates the patient using mouth-to-mask ventilations while the other rescuer inserts an oral or nasopharyngeal airway One rescuer maintains a good mask seal by securing the mask to the patient's face with two hands while the other rescuer ventilates the patient with a bag-valve mask One rescuer inserts an oral or nasopharyngeal airway while another rescuer applies oxygen via a nasal cannula and a third rescuer administers ventilations via a one-rescuer bag-valve mask technique

One rescuer maintains a good mask seal by securing the mask to the patient's face with two hands while the other rescuer ventilates the patient with a bag-valve mask

666. In which of the following settings would an occlusive dressing not be required? Open neck injury Evisceration Open humeral fracture Open pneumothorax

Open humeral fracture

380 A 32-year-old man was involved in a construction accident. He is unconscious and has snoring respirations. He has an obvious wound on his left upper arm that is bleeding. After ensuring scene safety and appropriate protective gear, what is the most appropriate next step? Apply oxygen Apply a tourniquet to the wound Apply direct pressure to the wound Open the airway

Open the airway

9 An adult trauma patient is unresponsive but breathing at a rate of 12 breaths per minute spontaneously. The patient is snoring and his chest is not rising adequately. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention? Open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver while maintaining inline cervical spine stabilization, and apply an oropharyngeal airway Open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver while maintaining inline cervical spine stabilization, and provide assisted ventilations using a bag-valve mask Open the airway using a head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver while maintaining inline cervical spine stabilization, and apply an oropharyngeal airway Open the airway using a head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver while maintaining inline cervical spine stabilization, and apply a nasopharyngeal airway

Open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver while maintaining inline cervical spine stabilization, and apply an oropharyngeal airway

113 An unconscious adult patient has an active gag reflex and snoring respirations. Which of the following is most appropriate? Open the patient's airway using a head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver and insert a nasopharyngeal airway Tilt the patient's head back slowly and ventilate using a bag-valve mask Insert a laryngeal mask airway and confirm the ventilation port Open the patient's airway using a head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver and insert an oropharyngeal airway

Open the patient's airway using a head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver and insert a nasopharyngeal airway

635. Given the scenario, which of the following is an appropriate intervention during triage of a mass-casualty incident? Initiating CPR on an unresponsive, pulseless patient Covering a mildly hypothermic patient Opening the airway of an unconscious patient with a pulse Splinting a patient with a wrist fracture

Opening the airway of an unconscious patient with a pulse

487 A 19-year-old is complaining of general malaise and shortness of breath. She is sweaty, breathing very shallowly, and has pinpoint pupils. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her signs and symptoms? Sympathomimetic overdose Tension pneumothorax Opioid overdose Sedative overdose

Opioid overdose

561 An unresponsive patient has slow, shallow respirations and pinpoint pupils. Which of the following is the most likely cause? Sympathomimetic overdose Hyperglycemia Opioid overdose Myocardial infarction

Opioid overdose

633. A 19-year-old is complaining of general malaise and shortness of breath. She is sweaty, breathing very shallowly, and has pinpoint pupils. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her signs and symptoms? Sympathomimetic overdose Tension pneumothorax Opioid overdose Sedative overdose

Opioid overdose

457 Which of the following should be treated first as soon as hypovolemic shock is suspected? Control of obvious external non-life-threatening bleeding Oxygen supplementation and assisted ventilation, if needed Splinting of individual extremity fractures Prevention of the loss of body heat by covering the patient in blankets

Oxygen supplementation and assisted ventilation, if needed

316. Which of the following is true regarding internal cardiac pacemakers? Pacemakers are only capable of defibrillating patients While automated external defibrillator pads are not to be placed directly over a pacemaker, defibrillator paddles may be placed over a pacemaker Pacemakers are placed in the fat tissue of patients Pacemakers may be placed in the abdomen of particularly thin patients

Pacemakers may be placed in the abdomen of particularly thin patients

353 A patient has fallen more than 30 feet and landed on his back. The patient states he is unable to move anything below his shoulders. Which of the following describes this patient's inability to move parts of his body? Cerebral palsy Spina bifida Hyperesthesia Paralysis

Paralysis

176. What is the definition of a thromboembolism? Death of body tissue Part of a blood clot The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels A herniation of the endothelium

Part of a blood clot

35 Which of the following is true regarding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Liver failure due to cor pulmonale is likely to result from COPD Patients with COPD typically have elements of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, but rarely one or the other Patients commonly present with pink, frothy sputum Repeated infection is the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Patients with COPD typically have elements of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, but rarely one or the other

378 A trauma patient has sustained several fractures. Which of the following fractures would be considered the most critical injury? Tibia fracture Femoral shaft fracture Pelvic fracture Humerus fracture

Pelvic fracture

444 Which of the following has the potential for the highest amount of internal bleeding? Shoulder dislocation Wrist sprain Pelvic fracture Femur fracture

Pelvic fracture

715. Bystanders called for assistance for a 70-year-old who is choking on food. He is conscious, not able to speak or effectively breathe on his own, and waving for help. The patient's wife presents an appropriately documented do-not-resuscitate order. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Perform abdominal thrusts Coach the patient to get him to cough Withhold treatment and contact medical direction Do nothing

Perform abdominal thrusts

30 An adult patient fell from a residential rooftop. The patient is responsive to painful stimuli only, and his respirations are shallow and irregular at a rate of 36 breaths a minute. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Apply a nasal cannula with high-flow oxygen in case of facial fracture Apply a nonrebreather mask with high-flow oxygen and assess the scene for hazards Obtain a pulse oximeter reading and place the patient on a long spine board Perform in-line stabilization and positive pressure artificial ventilations with a bag-mask device and high-flow oxygen

Perform in-line stabilization and positive pressure artificial ventilations with a bag-mask device and high-flow oxygen

450 An unresponsive adult fell 25 feet onto concrete, according to witnesses. Upon approach of the patient, no obvious life threats are apparent. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Perform inline stabilization and open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver Open the airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift and assess for a foreign body airway obstruction Tilt the patient's head back to open the airway Shake the patient to establish responsiveness

Perform inline stabilization and open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver

137 A mother calls because her two-month-old has become unresponsive and apneic. The child has a palpable brachial pulse of 70 beats per minute but is not breathing. After a ventilation attempt, the child's chest does not adequately rise. If repositioning does not open the airway, which of the following would be most appropriate? Adjust the size of the mask Perform a blind finger sweep to remove any obstructions Perform one cycle of chest compressions and attempt to visualize the obstruction Provide 100% oxygen via bag-valve mask and transport

Perform one cycle of chest compressions and attempt to visualize the obstruction

100 A conscious adult patient has a complete foreign-body airway obstruction. The patient is unable to speak or cough. What is the best way to clear the obstruction? Perform back blows between the shoulder blades Perform chest thrusts Lay the patient supine and perform abdominal thrusts Perform the abdominal thrust maneuver

Perform the abdominal thrust maneuver

124 An unconscious trauma patient has an adequate radial pulse and snoring respirations at a rate of 16 breaths per minute. Which of the following should be performed to correct the snoring respirations? Suction the airway Roll the patient on his side and perform a blind finger sweep of the airway Perform the jaw-thrust maneuver Perform the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver

Perform the jaw-thrust maneuver

25 A 23-year-old female patient is found unresponsive at the bottom of a staircase with no obvious signs of trauma. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Perform the jaw-thrust maneuver while maintaining C-spine control Perform the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and maintain C-spine control until additional help arrives Insert an oropharyngeal airway and assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask

Perform the jaw-thrust maneuver while maintaining C-spine control

79 In an uninjured limb of a pediatric patient, capillary refill time may be an indication of what? Perfusion History of medical problems Temperature Vasodilation

Perfusion

258. What is the fibrous sac around the heart called? Myocardium Pericardium Peritoneum Mediastinum

Pericardium

525 Which of the following signs is present if an infant receives a 1 for skin color during an Apgar assessment? Peripheral cyanosis Central pontine demyelination Neonatal sepsis Cardiac insufficiency

Peripheral cyanosis

231. Which of the following is not a result of left ventricular heart failure? Pulmonary edema Peripheral edema Right ventricular heart failure Crackles

Peripheral edema

654. When dealing with a violent situation, what is the primary concern? Patient safety Patient treatment Personal safety Bystander safety

Personal safety

672. Which of the following should be included in the "O" section of a document completed using the SOAP method? The patient's past medical history The chief complaint Treatment provided Physical findings on examination

Physical findings on examination

733. Which of the following is true regarding physical restraints? Physically restrained patients may be left while other patients are attended to Physical restraints are the first-line effort to de-escalate a hostile situation Physical restraints should only be used when necessary to prevent injury to the patient or responders Only the authorities may use physical restraints

Physical restraints should only be used when necessary to prevent injury to the patient or responders

17 A 10-year-old patient's mother called for help after her son developed a spontaneous nosebleed that she considered severe. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Pinch his nostrils gently while leaning him forward Lay him supine and apply direct pressure to the bridge of his nose Pack the nostrils with rolled gauze Lean the head back

Pinch his nostrils gently while leaning him forward

504 An 18-year-old patient is showing signs and symptoms of amphetamine use. Which of the following symptoms is not likely to be present? Hypertension Agitation Tachycardia Pinpoint pupils

Pinpoint pupils

603 A 15-year-old female patient has profuse non-traumatic vaginal bleeding. Which of the following is the most appropriate method to control this patient's bleeding? Place a sanitary pad on the external genitalia Apply an ice pack Place, but do not pack, gauze within the vagina Pack the vagina with gauze

Place a sanitary pad on the external genitalia

384 A 20-year-old patient has sustained a hand injury. When splinting the patient's hand, how can a position of function be maintained? Extend the wrist at a 90-degree angle Lay the hand flat on a padded board Place a soft roller bandage into the palm of the hand Splint the forearm with the hand relaxed

Place a soft roller bandage into the palm of the hand

163. A 73-year-old patient with a history of heart disease and hypertension complains of chest pain and shortness of breath. She is conscious and alert with warm, dry skin. Her vital signs are within normal limits. What is the most appropriate initial intervention? Assist in the administration of a low-dose aspirin Place her in a comfortable position and administer oxygen Assist in the administration of a dose of nitroglycerin Apply automated external defibrillator (AED) pads

Place her in a comfortable position and administer oxygen

157 Which of the following is the most appropriate initial intervention for a hypoxic patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Place him supine and provide respirations using a bag-valve mask Place him in the Fowler position and apply oxygen via a nonrebreather mask Place him in the recovery position and apply oxygen via a nasal cannula Place him in the semi-Fowler position and apply oxygen via a nasal cannula

Place him in the Fowler position and apply oxygen via a nonrebreather mask

209. A 66-year-old male is experiencing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is alert with cool, sweaty skin. His pulse is 104 beats per minute, blood pressure is 124/62 mmHg and respirations are 22 breaths per minute. Upon auscultation, crackles are heard in the lungs. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Apply an automated external defibrillator (AED) Place him in the semi-Fowler position and apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask Administer nitroglycerin Apply oxygen via a nasal cannula

Place him in the semi-Fowler position and apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask

567 Which of the following is not an appropriate treatment for hypothermia? Remove the patient from the cold environment Place hot water bottles directly on the skin of the axilla and groin Give warm, humidified oxygen Place dry blankets over and under the patient

Place hot water bottles directly on the skin of the axilla and groin

520 A 20-year-old female complains of abdominal pain and severe vaginal bleeding. Which of the following is not an appropriate intervention? Leave tampons in place Place sterile dressings in the vagina Keep the patient warm with extra blankets Provide high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask

Place sterile dressings in the vagina

637. All the clothes of a very bloody patient were cut off during transport. What should be done with the clothes? Place the clothes in a trash bag and throw the bag away in a red wastebasket at the receiving hospital Call the patient's emergency contact and arrange for them to pick up the patient's possessions at the station Give the clothes back to the patient in a plastic personal bag Place the clothes in a red biohazard bag

Place the clothes in a red biohazard bag

195. A 58-year-old female is complaining of chest pressure and experiencing difficulty breathing. Her skin is cool and pale. She states the pain began an hour prior to EMS arrival. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Apply an automated external defibrillator (AED) Administer nitroglycerin tablets immediately Administer high-flow oxygen Place the patient in a position of comfort

Place the patient in a position of comfort

360 A 16-year-old football player collided with the goal post. His only complaint is pain on the left side of his chest. Inspection reveals a bruise to the left lateral chest wall. Mildly reduced breath sounds are heard on the left side, but he displays no shortness of breath. Which of the following is most likely? Spleen injury Tension Pneumothorax Flail chest Pneumothorax

Pneumothorax

536 Which of the following is a common cause of seizures in adults? Poisoning Myocardial infarction Pelvic fracture Burn injuries

Poisoning

565 Which of the following is not commonly seen in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus? Polypharmacy Polydipsia Polyphagia Polyuria

Polypharmacy

246. Which of the following is the most appropriate position in which to place a patient who is experiencing chest pain? Position of comfort Recovery Supine Prone

Position of comfort

492 Which of the following is not a cause of vaginal bleeding in pregnancy? Ectopic pregnancy Abruptio placentae Preeclampsia Spontaneous abortion

Preeclampsia

591 Which of the following is not a common cause of altered mental status? Trauma Hypoglycemia Pregnancy Hypothermia

Pregnancy

158 When assisting with the intubation of a patient, which of the following is a good indication of the successful placement of the intubation device? Presence of gastric sounds during ventilation Absence of resistance during ventilation Improved level of consciousness Presence of bilateral breath sounds during ventilation

Presence of bilateral breath sounds during ventilation

301. Which of the following is a common cause of error when using an automated external defibrillator (AED)? Ensuring all rescuers are clear of a patient before analysis Presence of fine ventricular fibrillation Presence of ventricular tachycardia Stopping a vehicle before applying an AED to a patient being transported

Presence of fine ventricular fibrillation

587 What does amniotic fluid with a greenish color indicate? Infectious disease Spontaneous abortion Excessive uterine bleeding Presence of meconium

Presence of meconium

695. Which of the following is not a function of a patient care report? Provide information for training Evaluate calls for continuous quality improvement Ensure adequate continuity of care Prevent lawsuits

Prevent lawsuits

737. Which of the following is the most effective way to control disease transmission? Proper handwashing Consistent use of a standard surgical mask Glove and eye protection Consistent gown use

Proper handwashing

583 Which of the following measures is appropriate emergency care for an adult with an early, localized cold injury? Protecting the affected body parts from further cold exposure Placing heating pads on the suspected cold-exposure site Covering the affected body parts with cold, moist dressings Having the patient drink warm fluids

Protecting the affected body parts from further cold exposure

10 An adult patient has greater than 36% total body surface area burns, mainly affecting his back and lower extremities. After the burning process has been stopped and smoldering clothing removed, which of the following should be the initial treatment for this patient? Cover the burn area in antiseptic to prevent infection Provide airway control and high-flow oxygen therapy Assess the patient for the possibility of other injuries Immerse the patient in cool water or saline solution

Provide airway control and high-flow oxygen therapy

240. A 52-year-old man was in cardiac arrest. Three shocks were delivered via an automatic external defibrillator (AED). Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) has been achieved, but the patient has shallow, infrequent respirations. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Deliver another shock to ensure that the patient does not arrest again Give high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask Provide artificial ventilations with supplemental oxygen Resume CPR

Provide artificial ventilations with supplemental oxygen

254. A 50-year-old patient is found semi conscious. He has a palpable carotid pulse of 120 beats per minute. He is breathing at a rate of 30 breaths per minute; his respirations are shallow. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to initially provide assisted ventilations? Provide assisted ventilations at a rate of 12-20 breaths per minute Provide assisted ventilations at the same rate as the patient's and slowly adjust to a normal rate Give two initial breaths, then initiate CPR Give two initial breaths, then check again for a pulse

Provide assisted ventilations at the same rate as the patient's and slowly adjust to a normal rate

182. A patient is in cardiac arrest. Bystanders have initiated CPR and attached an automated external defibrillator (AED). A shock has been delivered. The patient now has a palpable carotid pulse and has a respiration rate of four breaths per minute. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Provide assisted ventilations with supplemental oxygen, monitor vital signs, and transport Apply high-flow oxygen and reanalyze the patient's rhythm with the AED every two minutes during transport Apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreather mask, monitor vital signs, and transport Resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions

Provide assisted ventilations with supplemental oxygen, monitor vital signs, and transport

381 A patient is involved in a motor vehicle accident. The patient, who is still trapped inside the car, is reported to be apneic. After determining that the scene is safe to enter, it is determined the patient is entrapped in the driver's seat by the dashboard. An emergency move is not possible at this time since the patient is pinned. What is the most appropriate next step? Obtain vital signs Attempt an emergency move without a rescue team Wait until the patient can be extricated before providing treatment Provide inline stabilization, open the airway and begin ventilations, if possible

Provide inline stabilization, open the airway and begin ventilations, if possible

87 A patient keeps pulling off his nonrebreather mask, stating that he cannot have it on his face. The patient is in need of the supplemental oxygen. Which of the following is most appropriate? Do not continue to administer oxygen Apply a partial rebreather mask at a rate of fifteen liters per minute Insist that the patient use the nonrebreather mask Provide oxygen via a nasal cannula at a rate of six liters per minute

Provide oxygen via a nasal cannula at a rate of six liters per minute

20 A seven-year-old male is suspected to have a mild airway obstruction with good air exchange. Which of the following is/are the most appropriate step(s)? Provide oxygen, place the child in a position of comfort, and transport rapidly Open the airway and ventilate the child Administer abdominal thrusts Attempt to remove the obstruction manually

Provide oxygen, place the child in a position of comfort, and transport rapidly

776. Which of the following is an example of a standing order? Splinting a patient against his or her wishes Providing oxygen to any patient with chest pain Ignoring local protocols and assisting in the administration of a metered-dose inhaler without medical direction Contacting medical direction for a request to assist in the administration of a metered-dose inhaler

Providing oxygen to any patient with chest pain

775. A patient is found supine in a dangerous location. What is the most appropriate method of moving the patient safely? Await backup prior to moving the patient Immobilize the patient to a long backboard Pull the patient along the line of the body's long axis Place the patient on a scoop stretcher and drag him out

Pull the patient along the line of the body's long axis

256. Into which of the following vessels does the heart pump deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood? Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins Vena cava Aorta

Pulmonary artery

299. Which of the following is not a common cause of congestive heart failure? Pulmonary edema Heart valve damage Myocardial infarction Long-standing high blood pressure

Pulmonary edema

63 A 66-year-old, with a history of aortic aneurysm surgery a few months ago, has sudden onset dyspnea. Her breath sounds are diminished on the right side, and retractions are noted. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her symptoms? Hemophilia Pulmonary embolism Atherosclerosis Deep vein thrombosis

Pulmonary embolism

524 Which set of adult vital signs may suggest early hypothermia? Pulse of 96 beats per minute; respirations that are rapid/shallow at 28 breaths per minute; blood pressure of 116/72 mmHg; skin that is cool and flushed Pulse of 76 beats per minute; respirations of 18 breaths per minute; blood pressure of 122/82 mmHg; skin that is warm, pink and dry Pulse of 66 beats per minute; respirations that are regular at 14 breaths per minute; blood pressure of 114/78 mmHg; skin that is hot and dry Pulse of 58 beats per minute; respirations that are shallow at 10 breaths per minute; blood pressure of 94/62 mmHg; skin that is cyanotic

Pulse of 96 beats per minute; respirations that are rapid/shallow at 28 breaths per minute; blood pressure of 116/72 mmHg; skin that is cool and flushed

269. What can be done about a patient with a hairy chest in regard to placement of automated external defibrillator (AED) pads? Adjust the placement of both pads to the back of the patient Quickly shave the patient's chest before pad placement Soak the patient's chest with sterile water to increase conductivity Adjust the placement of the superior pad to the abdomen of the patient

Quickly shave the patient's chest before pad placement

409 Burn injuries can be significant forms of trauma. There are four types of burns. They are thermal, chemical, electrical, and: Acidic Radiation Flash Gasoline

Radiation

335 A patient has sustained a possible arm fracture. He has swelling, bruising, and deformity to the lateral bone of his right forearm. Which of the following is most likely fractured? Radius Humerus Ulna Tibia

Radius

228. Which of the following is the most successful ventricular fibrillation treatment modality that can be administered in the prehospital setting? Nitroglycerin High-quality CPR Rapid defibrillation Assisted ventilations

Rapid defibrillation

192. A 48-year-old patient has a history of chronic hypertension and called for help after experiencing a sudden severe pain in the chest and upper back that started about an hour ago. He describes the pain as "deep," and constant. He has no other associated symptoms. He takes medication for chronic hypertension. He is afebrile, blood pressure is 118/70 mmHg in both upper extremities, pulse rate is 122/min, and respiration rate is 22/minute. After administering high-flow oxygen, which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Assisted administration of nitroglycerin Assisted administration of aspirin Await stabilization of bilateral blood pressure Rapid transport

Rapid transport

349 An adult has a possible closed tibia/fibula fracture. Which of the following may help restore adequate blood supply to the foot? Securing the affected leg to the opposite leg Replacing fracture fragments to their anatomic position Realignment of the limb Restoration of blood supply to the foot is not possible in a closed fracture

Realignment of the limb

16 Which of the following is the appropriate step if the stomach appears to be distending during assisted ventilation? Suction during withdrawal for no more than 15 seconds Discontinue ventilation for two minutes Recheck and reposition the head, watching for rise and fall of the chest wall Press firmly on the patient's abdomen

Recheck and reposition the head, watching for rise and fall of the chest wall

92 Which of the following is the purpose of surfactant in the lungs? Transports oxygen across membranes Causes the diaphragm to contract Reduces surface tension of the aleveoli Transports carbon dioxide across membranes

Reduces surface tension of the aleveoli

629. Which of the following is defined as repeating a statement in order to ensure comprehension? Clarification Reflection Empathy Facilitation

Reflection

738. A seven-year-old child fell off of her bicycle and has a suspected broken wrist. She denies any other trauma, and there are no signs of internal injuries. After providing necessary care at the scene, you initiate transport. Her father insists that you use your lights and siren during transport. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Refuse and explain that this is a safer method of transport and the siren is not necessary Contact medical direction for permission to use lights and siren Turn on the lights and sirens Request police to restrain the father

Refuse and explain that this is a safer method of transport and the siren is not necessary

180. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is being performed on a patient who is showing obvious signs of gastric distension. Which of the following is a general concern with gastric distension? Direct pressure on the lungs from the distension, decreasing tidal volume Prevention of adequate chest compressions Rupture of the stomach with spilling of gastric contents into the abdominal cavity Regurgitation of stomach contents, with possible aspiration into the patient's lungs

Regurgitation of stomach contents, with possible aspiration into the patient's lungs

275. What is the primary action of nitroglycerin? Relaxation of the muscles of blood vessel walls Contraction of the heart muscles Contraction of the muscle of blood vessel walls Relaxation of the heart muscles

Relaxation of the muscles of blood vessel walls

485 A 20-year-old asthmatic patient is experiencing shortness of breath. On scene, the patient advises he has a meter-dosed inhaler in his backpack but needs assistance in getting it. What is the mechanism of action of albuterol via a metered-dose inhaler? Increases alveolar blood flow Moisturizes the lungs Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle Increases overall lung compliance

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

235. Nitroglycerin is a prehospital treatment for patients experiencing cardiac-related chest pain. How does nitroglycerin help to relieve pain? Constricts peripheral arteries Relaxes peripheral arteries Increases myocardial oxygen demand Increases smooth muscle contractions

Relaxes peripheral arteries

671. Which of the following is appropriate when arriving at a scene that has suspected hazardous material? Escort trained hazardous materials experts to triage any patients Get as close to the scene as possible to determine identification of hazards Remain upwind and uphill Leave the scene, as it is unsafe

Remain upwind and uphill

454 A patient has an impaled object to the right thigh. Which of the following is not appropriate for impaled object injuries to the extremities? Stabilization of the object Control of bleeding around the object Removal of the object Assessment for an exit wound

Removal of the object

132 Gurgling is heard in a patient who is receiving artificial ventilation via the bag-valve mask technique. What is the most appropriate next step? Remove the mask, inspect for fluids and suction as needed No additional intervention is needed as a gurgling sound is normal Increase the rate and depth of the ventilations Decrease the flow of supplemental oxygen

Remove the mask, inspect for fluids and suction as needed

139 Placement of an appropriately sized oropharyngeal airway is attempted, but the patient begins to gag. What is the most appropriate next step? Reoxygenate the patient and attempt to reinsert the oropharyngeal airway Contact medical control for direction Restrain the patient and hold the airway in place until he calms down Remove the oropharyngeal airway

Remove the oropharyngeal airway

123 During assisted ventilation, a patient's stomach begins to distend. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Apply pressure over the upper abdomen Await ALS to perform nasogastric tube decompression Continue to ventilate until the distension subsides Reposition the head and watch for rise and fall of the chest wall

Reposition the head and watch for rise and fall of the chest wall

745. A motor vehicle crash occurs. Law enforcement confirms the scene is safe. Multiple trauma patients are noted. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Request additional resources, establish an incident command, begin primary triage Await law enforcement escort Request additional resources, begin secondary triage Immediately begin primary triage

Request additional resources, establish an incident command, begin primary triage

752. A non-ambulatory, 150-kg patient requires transport from a fourth-floor apartment. The elevator is too narrow to be of use for this patient if she remains in a stretcher. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Transfer the patient from the stretcher to a stair chair and proceed to the elevator Request lifting assistance from dispatch and stand by awaiting their arrival Request a family member on-scene to help lift the patient Use a scoop stretcher to transport her to the bottom floor and then onto a stretcher

Request lifting assistance from dispatch and stand by awaiting their arrival

632. A 22-year-old female has multiple facial injuries. The patient states that her husband assaulted her. She goes on to say that this is not the first incident. While you are treating the patient, the husband returns and demands to be left alone with his wife. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Confront the husband Confirm consent from the patient, ignoring the husband Request police assistance Inform the husband he should not be around during treatment

Request police assistance

170. Which of the following statements best describes the diastolic blood pressure? A compensatory mechanism in response to a loss of vascular tone Pressure that exists within the arteries during the contraction phase of the ventricles None of these Residual pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxation phase of the ventricles

Residual pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxation phase of the ventricles

4 You are assessing the vital signs of a child at a local elementary school. Which of the following would be considered a normal set of vitals for a healthy eight-year-old child? Respirations 12 breaths per minute, pulse 130 beats per minute, BP 100/72 mmHg Respirations 35 breaths per minute, pulse 58 beats per minute, BP 128/66 mmHg Respirations 16 breaths per minute, pulse 58 beats per minute, BP 190/70 mmHg Respirations 20 breaths per minute, pulse 98 beats per minute, BP 104/73 mmHg

Respirations 20 breaths per minute, pulse 98 beats per minute, BP 104/73 mmHg

190. Which of the following conditions is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children? Chest trauma Respiratory arrest Cardiac dysrhythmia Hypovolemia

Respiratory arrest

488 Which of the following would be considered a serious complication of a severe allergic reaction? Hypertension Respiratory distress Urticaria Hives

Respiratory distress

634. Which of the following would be considered a serious complication of a severe allergic reaction? Hypertension Respiratory distress Urticaria Hives

Respiratory distress

36 Which of the following is not an indication of increased work of breathing in a pediatric patient? Retractions Respiratory rate of more than 20 breaths per minute Head bobbing Grunting/wheezing

Respiratory rate of more than 20 breaths per minute

645. Which of the following scenarios would be labeled the lowest priority in a mass-casualty incident (MCI)? Responsive 42-year-old woman with signs of internal bleeding from a pelvic injury Responsive 76-year-old woman with multiple fractures on her arm without severe bleeding Unresponsive 24-year-old woman with moderate burns involving the face, with respiratory involvement Unresponsive 48-year-old man with a compromised airway

Responsive 76-year-old woman with multiple fractures on her arm without severe bleeding

712. Which of the following scenarios would require the highest priority in a mass-casualty incident (MCI)? Unresponsive patient in cardiac arrest Responsive patient with a suspected spinal injury Semiconscious patient with a suspected broken tibia Responsive patient with unequal breath sounds and a respiration rate of 36 breaths per minute, secondary to a suspected open pneumothorax

Responsive patient with unequal breath sounds and a respiration rate of 36 breaths per minute, secondary to a suspected open pneumothorax

227. Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of an automated external defibrillator? Apnea Hypertension Responsiveness An active myocardial infarction

Responsiveness

1 Which of the following is considered an early sign of hypoxia in an adult patient? Restlessness Cyanosis Weak, thready pulse Poor skin turgor

Restlessness

21 Your 36-year-old patient is experiencing a sudden onset of dyspnea. Which of the following signs or symptoms would you expect initially in the setting of hypoxia? Restlessness Bradycardia Cyanosis Altered mental status

Restlessness

463 Which of the following is the earliest sign/symptom of compensated shock? Restlessness Falling blood pressure Weak, rapid pulse Shallow, rapid breathing

Restlessness

224. A 64-year-old male patient is in cardiac arrest. The automatic external defibrillator (AED) does not advise defibrillation. What is the most appropriate next step? Perform a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) Provide assisted ventilations Reanalyze the patient's rhythm via the AED and defibrillate Resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions

Resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions

225. An 82-year-old man has confirmed cardiac arrest. After applying the AED, a "no shock indicated" message is received. What is the most appropriate next step? Contact medical direction and request an additional defibrillation order Reanalyze the rhythm Defibrillate the patient anyway Resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions

Resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions

183. An automatic external defibrillator (AED) states that no shock is advised in a pulseless patient. What is the most appropriate next step? Immediately transport the patient Resume chest compressions Provide artificial ventilations Reanalyze the patient's cardiac rhythm

Resume chest compressions

212. After receiving three consecutive "no shock advised" messages from an automatic external defibrillator (AED), which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Terminate CPR Resume chest compressions Provide artificial ventilations Reanalyze the patient's cardiac rhythm

Resume chest compressions

239. An automated external defibrillator (AED) has delivered a third shock to a pulseless patient. What is the most appropriate next step? Resume chest compressions Transport the patient rapidly and deliver no further shocks Contact medical direction and request an additional defibrillation order Assess the patient's pulse and resume CPR, if indicated

Resume chest compressions

27 Which of the following is not a common sign of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient? Gurgling Apnea Stridor Rhonchi

Rhonchi

22 If a peanut is aspirated, where is it most likely to become lodged? Left bronchioles Right mainstem bronchus Left lung alveoli Carina

Right mainstem bronchus

234. Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs? Left ventricle Right ventricle Right atrium Left atrium

Right ventricle

271. Which chamber of the heart is responsible for sending poorly oxygenated blood to the lungs to be replenished with oxygen? Left ventricle Right ventricle Right atrium Left atrium

Right ventricle

291. Which chamber of the heart is responsible for sending deoxygenated blood to the lungs for reoxygenation? Left ventricle Right ventricle Right atrium Left atrium

Right ventricle

517 A patient has taken a large dose of heroin. He is supine and semiconscious, and begins to vomit. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention? Insert an oropharyngeal airway Begin assisted ventilations Suction as much of the vomit as possible Roll the patient onto his left side

Roll the patient onto his left side

229. If ALS is not available, which of the following is an appropriate method to alleviate gastric distension in a patient with a suspected spinal injury? Roll the patient to one side and apply pressure to the upper abdomen Decrease ventilations for a few cycles while continuing chest compression sequence to naturally relieve the distension Apply pressure to the abdomen in between chest compressions Interrupt CPR long enough to suction the patient

Roll the patient to one side and apply pressure to the upper abdomen

568 Regarding the insertion of an oropharyngeal airway into a child, which of the following is true? After the airway is inserted, immediately resume assisted ventilations Airways should be given one size smaller than measured by placing the flange at the level of the central incisor and the bite block at the segment parallel to the hard palate Airways should be given one size larger than measured on length-based resuscitation tape Rough insertion can cause bleeding

Rough insertion can cause bleeding

566 A 12-year-old patient has been stung by a bee. He still has the stinger attached, so his mother calls for assistance in removing it. What is the proper procedure for removing a bee stinger that is still partially embedded in a patient's skin? Squeeze the skin around the site and grab it with your fingers Cut around it with a knife Scrape it away with a rigid object Grab it with sterile tweezers

Scrape it away with a rigid object

624 In which trimester does rapid uterine growth occur? First trimester Third trimester Immediately following implantation Second trimester

Second trimester

465 An adult patient has a suspected closed pelvic fracture. What is the most appropriate first step for stabilization of the fracture? Stabilize the leg of the suspected side of the fracture with a traction splint Secure the patient to a backboard or scoop stretcher Manually reduce a potential dislocation and transport No additional stabilization is required beyond transportation on a stretcher

Secure the patient to a backboard or scoop stretcher

388 A patient has sustained a basilar skull fracture. Which of the following is not specific to a basilar skull fracture? Ecchymosis under the eyes Ecchymosis behind one ear Cerebrospinal fluid drainage from the ear Seizures

Seizures

551 Which of the following is most likely to occur in young children who experience a sudden spike in their body temperature? Cardiac arrest Shock Seizures Hives

Seizures

569 Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of preeclampsia? Severe hypertension Edema Visual abnormalities Seizures

Seizures

91 Which of the following is the correct procedure for initiating high-flow oxygen therapy via a nonrebreather mask? Select the correct size of mask. Turn on the oxygen source. Adjust the flow of oxygen to 1 to 6 liters per minute. Ensure the reservoir bag is inflated by placing a finger over the bag outlet. Place the mask over the patient's face and adjust accordingly. Select the correct size of mask. Turn on the oxygen source. Adjust the flow of oxygen to 10 to 15 liters per minute. Place the mask over the patient's face and adjust accordingly; there is no need to await inflation of the reservoir bag. Select the correct size of mask. Turn on the oxygen source. Adjust the flow of oxygen to 10 to 15 liters per minute. Ensure the reservoir bag is inflated by placing a finger over the bag outlet. Place the mask over the patient's face and adjust accordingly. Select the correct size of mask. Turn on the oxygen source. Adjust the flow of oxygen to 10 to 15 liters per minute. Inflate the reservoir bag by attaching the tubing directly to the bag. Assemble the tubing from the oxygen source to the nonrebreather mask. Place the mask over the patient's face and adjust accordingly.

Select the correct size of mask. Turn on the oxygen source. Adjust the flow of oxygen to 10 to 15 liters per minute. Inflate the reservoir bag by attaching the tubing directly to the bag. Assemble the tubing from the oxygen source to the nonrebreather mask. Place the mask over the patient's face and adjust accordingly.

486 A patient has just stopped exhibiting a generalized motor seizure. In which of the following states is the patient most likely to be? Alert and oriented to person, place, and time Self-resolved lack of orientation to person, place and time Anxiety and restlessness Unresponsiveness to painful stimuli

Self-resolved lack of orientation to person, place and time

626 A patient has just stopped exhibiting a generalized motor seizure. In which of the following states is the patient most likely to be? Alert and oriented to person, place, and time Self-resolved lack of orientation to person, place and time Anxiety and restlessness Unresponsiveness to painful stimuli

Self-resolved lack of orientation to person, place and time

575 Which of the following patients is most likely to suffer from hypothermia? Seventy-four-year-old man who is living in an unheated house in 38°F (3.3°C) weather Ten-year-old child who is swimming actively in 72°F (22.2°C) water Sixty-three-year-old woman who is dressed appropriately, walking briskly in 30°F (-1.1°C) weather Fifty-year-old woman who is swimming actively in 90°F (32.2°C) water

Seventy-four-year-old man who is living in an unheated house in 38°F (3.3°C) weather

350 Which of the following traumatic injuries should be managed first on a multi-system trauma patient? A tibia/fibula open fracture with minimal bleeding Clear fluid draining from the ears and nose Severe bleeding in the oropharynx An abdominal wound with organ evisceration

Severe bleeding in the oropharynx

37 Which of the following is a contraindication to a nasopharyngeal airway? Severe head injury with blood draining from the nose Acute stroke Deep suction Semiconscious patient with a gag reflex

Severe head injury with blood draining from the nose

372 Which of the following is not a cause of hypovolemic shock? Profuse bleeding Diarrhea Severe infection Inadequate fluid intake

Severe infection

541 When using the OPQRST mnemonic to obtain information regarding a patient's chief complaint, what does the "S" stand for? Section Severity Site Several

Severity

57 Which of the following is not typically a sign/symptom of cardiac compromise? Dyspnea Nausea/vomiting Shivering Sweating

Shivering

364 The sling and swathe is appropriate for the immobilization of an injury to which of the following? Hip Neck Spine Shoulder

Shoulder

338 Which of the following types of injuries is not an injury that would require a long backboard? Hip injury Spinal injury Shoulder injury Pelvic injury

Shoulder injury

166. A patient with a cardiac history is complaining of chest pain. Which of the following is not considered a common sign or symptom associated with cardiac insufficiency? Radiating pain to the back An irregular pulse Significant numbness or tingling on one side of the body Diaphoresis without obvious cause

Significant numbness or tingling on one side of the body

318. Which of the following is responsible for the initial electrical impulse of a normal, healthy heart? Sinoatrial node Atrioventricular node Purkinje fibers Bundle of His

Sinoatrial node

479 A 21-year-old man has epistaxis. He has no other signs of trauma. What is the best position in which to place him? Supine without extremity elevation Sitting, leaning forward with the head tilted forward Sitting, with the head tilted backward Supine with lower extremities elevated

Sitting, leaning forward with the head tilted forward

480 Approximately how much blood is in the average human body? Eight liters Ten liters Four liters Six liters

Six liters

611 What is the average length of the first stage of labor in a primigravida patient? Twenty hours Sixteen hours Ten hours Six hours

Sixteen hours

429 What is the common presentation of a superficial partial-thickness burn? Skin that is pink, moist, and soft and exquisitely tender when touched Dry, leathery, dark brown skin Skin with moderate erythema and pain at the site of the burn without blistering Skin that shows a mixture of red and blanched white, with thick-walled and ruptured blisters

Skin that is pink, moist, and soft and exquisitely tender when touched

500 Which of the following is not a method of gauging a patient's responsiveness to painful stimuli? Press on the bone above the eye Gently but firmly pinch the patient's ear lobe Gently but firmly pinch the muscles of the neck Slap the patient's cheek

Slap the patient's cheek

439 Which of the following is the most likely the cause of death in a fire victim? Smoke inhalation Hypovolemic shock Septic shock Dehydration

Smoke inhalation

770. Which of the following regarding confidentiality is correct? Patient information may not be shared with third-party billing personnel A personal electronic device, such as a cell phone, may be used to share patient information Treatment is not considered confidential information Some scenarios, such as abuse, require the disclosure of otherwise confidential information

Some scenarios, such as abuse, require the disclosure of otherwise confidential information

179. A 60-year-old male complains of substernal chest pain. He is exhibiting the classic signs and symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following symptoms would not be present? Dyspnea Sudden weakness Somnolence Sweating

Somnolence

668. Which of the following conditions is often associated with an increased likelihood of a latex allergy? Epilepsy Cerebral palsy Spina bifida Obesity

Spina bifida

343 A 25-year-old female was swimming at a community pool. She is conscious but confused and unable to get out of the water due to new onset paraparesis. Which of the following is suspected until proven otherwise? Chronic heart failure Hypoglycemia Spinal trauma Drowning

Spinal trauma

440 During a high school football game, a 15-year-old male was hit in the chest and abdomen during a hard tackle. Bystanders stated it took him a minute or two to get up, but he seemed fine for the remainder of the quarter. At half time, the player complained of sharp, left upper quadrant pain of his abdomen that radiated to his left shoulder. Which of the following was the most likely cause of his pain? Tension pneumothorax Splenic injury Gallbladder contusion/laceration Liver laceration/injury

Splenic injury

232. A 66-year-old patient calls for help after experiencing substernal chest pain while mowing his yard. He states he has a cardiac history for which he is prescribed nitroglycerin. He states that he took one dose and rested prior to EMS arrival, with complete resolution of pain. Which of the following most likely caused his pain? Unstable angina pectoris Pulmonary embolism Myocardial infarction Stable angina pectoris

Stable angina pectoris

773. Which of the following situations constitutes a breach of confidentiality? Informing the receiving physician about a patient's signs and symptoms Informing an emergency department nurse about a patient's past medical history and allergies Discussing a repeat patient's potential communicable diseases with one's partner while in the ambulance en route to the scene Standing in a public area talking about a patient by name

Standing in a public area talking about a patient by name

653. While you are evaluating a patient with an altered mental status from suspected alcohol ingestion, he becomes agitated, verbally abusive, and physically aggressive. He states he just wants to be left alone. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? Step back and prepare to retreat, if necessary, while awaiting assistance from law enforcement Quickly overpower the patient to prevent injuries to anyone Restrain the patient Leave the scene, respecting the patient's wishes

Step back and prepare to retreat, if necessary, while awaiting assistance from law enforcement

244. An adult patient in cardiac arrest is being transported. Medical direction orders an additional shock via an automated external defibrillator (AED) to be given en route, if indicated. Which of the following is the correct procedure to follow in order to follow medical direction? Analyze the rhythm and deliver the shock, if indicated Refuse to defibrillate the patient while en route to the hospital because it is not safe for the crew Deliver the shock without stopping CPR Stop the vehicle, analyze the rhythm and deliver the shock, if indicated

Stop the vehicle, analyze the rhythm and deliver the shock, if indicated

125 Which of the following terms is used to describe a harsh, high-pitched breath sound that is heard on inhalation or exhalation and often indicates some degree of airway obstruction? Wheezing Rales Stridor Rhonchi

Stridor

522 A patient has a partially obstructed airway. Which of the following is likely to be observed? Inability to breathe Stridor Crackles Unconsciousness

Stridor

230. Which of the following is considered a "normal" pulse? Bounding and slow rhythm Strong and regular rhythm Bounding and irregular rhythm Thready and fast rhythm

Strong and regular rhythm

750. Which of the following supplies blood to the upper extremities? Carotid arteries Iliac arteries Femoral arteries Subclavian arteries

Subclavian arteries

346 A 70-year-old man fell and hit his head when a tree branch he was trimming fell on him. His wife was concerned and called because he seemed confused immediately after the incident, but he insisted that he felt fine and refused transport. Two days later you are called to his home again, where he is clearly confused. During your assessment, he vomits once and then becomes very somnolent. Medical history includes cardiac stent placed eight months ago. Ecchymosis at the site of the injury is noted, but no further ecchymosis is visible. Which of the following is most likely? Subdural hematoma Basilar skull fracture Concussion Epidural hematoma

Subdural hematoma

657. An error was discovered after submission of a patient care report to a receiving hospital. Which of the following is the most appropriate step? Ignore the error and do nothing Submit an addendum with the new information Retrieve the original report from the receiving hospital and amend it File a report with one's supervisor admitting fault for the mistake

Submit an addendum with the new information

314. A 50-year-old cardiac history patient states he has recently been diagnosed with stable angina pectoris by his cardiologist. If the patient experiences an episode of stable angina pectoris, which of the following is most likely to be seen? Complaints of weakness with shortness of breath Burning sensation within the chest Substernal heaviness or pain that occurs during exertion and is often relieved by rest Syncope

Substernal heaviness or pain that occurs during exertion and is often relieved by rest

85 A semiconscious adult patient requires suctioning due to copious amounts of mucus without likely foreign bodies in the oropharynx. What is the most appropriate method of suctioning? Suction during withdrawal for no more than 30 seconds Suction, during withdrawal of catheter, for no more than 15 seconds Suction during insertion for no more than 15 seconds Suction during withdrawal, ensuring the vacuum has a pressure of at least 150 mmHg

Suction, during withdrawal of catheter, for no more than 15 seconds

705. In which of the following scenarios would eye protection be required? Splinting a closed injury with a rigid splint Suctioning a patient with a soft tip catheter Transporting a supine patient who complains of nausea Administering oxygen via a nonrebreather mask

Suctioning a patient with a soft tip catheter

519 A 72-year-old man states that his wife recently died in a car accident. He is depressed and speaks of wanting to join his wife in heaven. During history taking, a large number of various pills in a bowl can be seen on his dining table. Which of the following is the greatest concern? The patient has multiple medical conditions that require a large number of different medications Suicidal tendencies The patient's wife had multiple medical conditions that required a large number of different medications Drug addiction

Suicidal tendencies

498 A 6-month-old infant has a recent history of vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following signs would best indicate the possibility of dehydration? Skin that is flushed and hot to the touch Sunken fontanelle Capillary refill time of two seconds or less Strong peripheral pulses with a heart rate of 100 beats per minute

Sunken fontanelle

407 A 24-year-old patient fell asleep while tanning at the beach. Her skin is red and she is feeling pain all over. She denies the presence of blisters. What type of burn does she most likely have? A combination superficial and partial-thickness burn Partial-thickness burn Full-thickness burn Superficial burn

Superficial burn

198. From which of the following vessels does the right side of the heart receive deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood from the body? Superior and inferior vena cava Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins Aorta

Superior and inferior vena cava

426 A 30-year-old woman was involved in a motor vehicle collision. Her pulse and respiration rate are elevated. Her skin is cool and clammy. She is unconscious and bleeding profusely, but none of her bleeding appears life-threatening. Her airway is patent. In what position should this patient be transported? On her left side Supine Fowler's Semi-fowler's

Supine

280. An unresponsive 40-year-old male is slumped over the steering wheel in his car. He is in cardiac arrest. An emergency move is performed. Which of the following is the best position in which to place the patient on the ground? Prone position Supine position Recovery position Fowler position

Supine position

449 A 34-year-old male with a blunt force chest injury has obvious signs and symptoms of shock. In which position should he be placed? Prone position On his left side Supine with cervical spine immobilization Semi-Fowler position with cervical spine immobilization

Supine with cervical spine immobilization

49 A 45-year-old male is having difficulty breathing. He is unable to speak in complete sentences. His breathing depth is adequate. His pulse oximetry is 86%. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? Immediately transport the patient and await oxygenation attempts until he is in an inpatient setting Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreather mask at 15 liters per minute Supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula at 6 liters per minute Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreather mask at 6 liters per minute

Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreather mask at 15 liters per minute

391 Which of the following is not part of the RICES mnemonic? Rest Compression Support Elevation

Support

219. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to assess for potential hazardous materials? Assisting in the search for identification of the materials involved Interviewing victims and bystanders downwind of the incident Surveying from upwind and uphill, a safe distance away from the incident Investigating the scene after donning personal protective equipment

Surveying from upwind and uphill, a safe distance away from the incident

694. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to assess for potential hazardous materials? Assisting in the search for identification of the materials involved Interviewing victims and bystanders downwind of the incident Surveying from upwind and uphill, a safe distance away from the incident Investigating the scene after donning personal protective equipment

Surveying from upwind and uphill, a safe distance away from the incident

667. Which of the following would an emergency medical technician (EMT) be required to report to the proper authorities if suspected or discovered during treatment and/or transport? The refusal of care by an alert, competent adult patient Treatment of an emancipated minor Suspected child abuse An inappropriate tattoo displaying a swastika or street gang sign

Suspected child abuse

262. Which of the following can be seen in hyperglycemia, but is not seen in hypoglycemia? Anxiety Tremor Altered mental status Sweet, fruity breath

Sweet, fruity breath

527 You arrive at a home and are guided to a 31-year-old woman, G2P1, at 35 weeks gestation, lying in a pool of blood, with active bleeding from the vagina. She is drowsy but responds to questions. Peripheral pulses are weak, bilaterally.Which of the following would be increased? Systemic vascular resistance Cardiac output Cardiac preload Systolic blood pressure

Systemic vascular resistance

294. Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of nitroglycerin? Systolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg Taking a previous dose within thirty minutes Use of PDE inhibitor 72 hours before Pain that persists past a previous dose

Systolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg

543 A 34-year-old male patient is agitated and confused. Which of the following signs would help indicate cocaine use? Sedation Tachycardia Pinpoint pupils Hypotension

Tachycardia

580 Which of the following signs and symptoms would most likely indicate compensated shock in a child? Reduced urine output Altered mental status Tachycardia Hypotension

Tachycardia

377 Which of the following are signs of hypovolemic shock? Bradycardia and hypotension Tachycardia and normal blood pressure Tachycardia and cool, clammy skin Itching or rash

Tachycardia and cool, clammy skin

405 Which of the following is a sign of hypovolemic shock? Hypertension Bradycardia Tachypnea Hot skin

Tachypnea

48 A 50-year-old male has respirations at a rate of 30 breaths per minute. What is the medical term to describe this patient's respiration rate? Bradypnea Apnea Tachypnea Hypoperfusion

Tachypnea

430 An adult female patient fell approximately twenty feet onto the ground. She is complaining of pain in both of her arms and severe abdominal pain. A deformity is noted to the humeri bilaterally, about four inches above the elbows. Her abdomen is distended, rigid, and painful on palpation. Her heart rate is 130 beats per minute, and her capillary refill is delayed. Her skin is cool, pale, and diaphoretic. Findings suggest an internal injury. Which of the following is the appropriate way to obtain a blood pressure reading? Take the blood pressure of the thigh None of these Take the blood pressure of the least injured arm Do not take a blood pressure reading due to the bilateral arm injuries

Take the blood pressure of the thigh

598 A 4-year-old girl is extremely upset due to a recent injury. Which of the following is an appropriate way to interact with this patient? Use complicated medical jargon so the patient will not understand you Tell the child what is going to be done immediately before doing it Discuss all interventions with her guardian rather than with her Tell the patient that none of the interventions will hurt

Tell the child what is going to be done immediately before doing it

610 Which of the following is a quick, noninvasive estimate of a patient's core body temperature? Color of the skin Blood pressure and heart rate Temperature of the skin Presence of muscle spasms

Temperature of the skin

46 A three-year-old female patient has copious amounts of mucus in her oropharynx that may cause aspiration. To avoid hypoxia, what is the maximum amount of time that a pediatric patient should be suctioned? Five seconds Twenty seconds Ten seconds Fifteen seconds

Ten seconds

701. Which of the following is not part of the minimum information collected by dispatch for an emergency request? Any potential hazards The nature of the call The age of each patient An estimation of severity of patient conditions

The ages of each patient

133 Which of the following occurs during the inhalation phase of a spontaneously breathing patient? The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax The air pressure within the thorax increases The air pressure within the thorax decreases Air is pushed from the lungs

The air pressure within the thorax decreases

11 A 13-year-old near-drowning patient has inadequate respirations and requires artificial ventilation. Which of the following is the most likely cause of resistance felt on ventilation? The airway is obstructed due to water The patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) The airway is obstructed due to a swollen epiglottis The trachea has collapsed due to the near-drowning

The airway is obstructed due to water

337 What is ecchymosis? Blood collected in a body cavity A wound of the superficial layer of skin An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue The buildup of blood in the dermis

The buildup of blood in the dermis

484 What is ecchymosis? Blood collected in a body cavity A wound of the superficial layer of skin An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue The buildup of blood in the dermis

The buildup of blood in the dermis

42 A 6-year-old patient is experiencing a partial foreign body airway obstruction that has progressed to a complete airway obstruction. Which of the following is the narrowest part of a child's upper airway? The cricothyroid membrane The cricoid ring The vocal cords The carina

The cricoid ring

8 Which of the following happens during the inhalation phase of ventilation? The diaphragm relaxes, decreasing the chest cavity The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract, enlarging the chest cavity The diaphragm contracts, moving upward, forcing the lungs to expand outward The diaphragm contracts and the intercostal muscles relax, enlarging the chest cavity

The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract, enlarging the chest cavity

77 What can be said is occurring when an adult's diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax? Apnea The inhalation phase of spontaneous respiration Ataxic respirations The exhalation phase of spontaneous respiration

The exhalation phase of spontaneous respiration

691. When performing a secondary assessment on an adult trauma patient, what is the first area to be assessed? The heart The lungs The spine The head

The head

12 An unresponsive, but restrained child is in the backseat of a vehicle at the scene of an MVA. The car has minimal damage and the child has no signs of obvious trauma. What is the most appropriate way to open the child's airway? Pull the tongue forward with one hand and push backward on the forehead The head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver The jaw-thrust maneuver The cross-finger technique

The jaw-thrust maneuver

438 All of the following are indicated for helmet removal in an injured football player except for: It makes assessing or managing airway problems difficult or impossible The nose is deformed and crepitus is noted Prevents you from properly immobilizing the spine It is a full-face helmet

The nose is deformed and crepitus is noted

757. In which of the following scenarios has child abuse most likely occurred? A first-time parent being overly concerned with a mild injury to his/her child The patient exhibits injuries inconsistent with the caregiver's description of the incident A distraught parent promptly reports and requests treatment for a seriously injured child The child has a bruise on each leg in a similar stage of healing

The patient exhibits injuries inconsistent with the caregiver's description of the incident

33 A bystander contacts EMS regarding a cyanotic adult patient. What is the most likely sign the bystander is seeing? The patient appears pale The patient is acting intoxicated The patient has a bluish skin color The patient has a yellowish skin color

The patient has a bluish skin color

323. An automated external defibrillator (AED) has inappropriately been attached to a patient. In which of the following situations will the AED mistakenly advise a shock to the patient? The patient has a pulse and has a regular electrical rhythm The patient is pulseless and has a regular electrical rhythm The patient is pulseless and is in asystole The patient has a pulse and is in ventricular tachycardia

The patient has a pulse and is in ventricular tachycardia

704. An adult patient had a syncopal episode and was evaluated by EMS personnel at his home. He was alert with pale, dry skin. He refused treatment and transport. Later that same day, he experienced a cardiac arrest and died. Which of the following statements would be correct regarding this scenario? EMS personnel did not fully complete a duty to act Even if all pertinent information was given to the patient regarding his refusal, EMS personnel are liable, as the patient died The patient has a right to self-determination and to make decisions about his care There was no need to encourage the patient to receive further medical care

The patient has a right to self-determination and to make decisions about his care

233. Which of the following is not a reason for tachycardia? The patient is in pain The patient is excited The patient is afraid The patient is an athlete

The patient is an athlete

594 An unresponsive diabetic patient has deep respirations at a rate of 32 breaths per minute. Blood glucometry determines a blood glucose level of 464 mg/dL. Which of the following statements regarding the patient's ventilatory status is true? The patient is hyperventilating, likely due to metabolic acidosis The patient is hyperventilating, likely due to metabolic alkalosis The patient is hyperventilating to increase carbon dioxide levels in the blood The patient is hyperventilating to reduce the blood glucose level

The patient is hyperventilating, likely due to metabolic acidosis

196. Which of the following is a requirement before analysis of a patient's heart rhythm with an automated external defibrillator (AED)? The patient is responsive The patient is pulseless and unresponsive The patient has a heart rate of 50 beats per minute or higher The patient has a history of heart disease

The patient is pulseless and unresponsive

602 Which of the following factors is most likely to result in a rapid onset of altered mental status in a diabetic patient? The patient decreases his or her insulin dose The patient gets too little exercise The patient skips a meal The patient consumes a juice drink

The patient skips a meal

677. Which of the following is an example of a subjective statement? The patient has a blood pressure of 160/80 mmHg The patient vomited twice during transport The patient states, "I don't feel well." Bystanders assisted EMS in moving the overweight patient

The patient states, "I don't feel well."

307. During the management of a cardiac arrest, the automated external defibrillator (AED) gives a "no shock advised" message. Which of the following conditions most likely prompted this message? The patient is hypothermic The patient's rhythm is asystole The patient is in ventricular tachycardia The patient is in ventricular fibrillation

The patient's rhythm is asystole

173. Which of the following is a contraindication to the administration of nitroglycerin in a patient experiencing likely cardiac chest pain? The patient has not taken nitroglycerin in the past The patient complains of chest pressure, but not pain The patient has a history of hypertension and atherosclerosis The patient's systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mmHg

The patient's systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mmHg

560 What is the definition of a postictal state? The period following a seizure characterized by labored breathing and altered mental status A warning sign that a seizure is about to occur A seizure that lasts longer than thirty minutes Abnormal electrical discharges in the brain

The period following a seizure characterized by labored breathing and altered mental status

447 A 20-year-old has a possible knee dislocation from skiing. During the physical exam, the presence and quality of the popliteal artery is assessed. What is the location of the popliteal artery? The dorsal side of foot The posterior knee The anteromedial aspect of the thigh The medial aspect of the ankle

The posterior knee

521 A 70-year-old male awoke to find that he could not move the left side of his body. This patient has most likely suffered a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Which area of the brain has most likely suffered insult in this scenario? The pons The left hemisphere of the cerebrum The right hemisphere of the cerebrum The medulla oblongata

The right hemisphere of the cerebrum

703. What is the first priority in regard to scene safety? The safety of patients, bystanders, and their property The extrication of any patient who may die if not removed quickly The completion of triage on patients with potential life-threatening conditions The safety of oneself

The safety of oneself

112 Which of the following statements concerning an infant's or child's airway is false? The tracheae of infants and children are smaller than those of adults The tongues of infants and children are proportionately smaller than those of adults The diaphragms of infants and children are relied upon more heavily to breathe than those of adults The respiration rates of infants and children are greater than those of adults

The tongues of infants and children are proportionately smaller than those of adults

416 A 16-year-old patient was struck in the mouth by a thrown baseball, knocking an incisor out of its socket. Which of the following is not true about the proper management of a permanent tooth avulsion? The tooth may be placed in cold milk to be transported The tooth should be rinsed immediately with copious amounts of water Reimplantation should occur within one hour after the incident The tooth may be placed in sterile saline to be transported

The tooth should be rinsed immediately with copious amounts of water

576 Which of the following best describes crowning? The umbilical cord is wrapped around the baby's neck The umbilical cord presents out of the vagina prior to the fetus The baby's head descends down into the woman's pelvis, as it positions for delivery The top of the baby's head begins to appear at the vaginal opening

The top of the baby's head begins to appear at the vaginal opening

526 Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to injectable epinephrine use in a life-saving allergic situation? Angle-closure glaucoma Hypertension Pregnancy, when maternal SBP > 130 mmHg There are no contraindications

There are no contraindications

505 A nearly full-term pregnant female called for assistance after discovering that her water broke, but she wasn't experiencing contractions. Which of the following is true regarding this scenario? This may be a normal progression of labor The second stage of labor is underway The baby is in danger of suffocation The patient is experiencing a miscarriage

This may be a normal progression of labor

321. A 65-year-old complains of substernal chest pain that he rates as an eight on a pain scale of ten. He has a cardiac history and is prescribed 0.4 mg nitroglycerin for the associated chest pain. Assuming no contraindications arise, what is the common number of doses of nitroglycerin that EMS personnel may assist in administering? Three doses Two doses Four doses Until the pain subsides

Three doses

582 A 66-year-old has sudden-onset unilateral facial droop, slurred speech, unequal pupils, and right-sided neurological deficits. Suspecting an ischemic stroke, within what time period is it best to begin medication treatments? Ischemic strokes do not respond to medication therapy, so time is not an important issue One hour Three hours Twenty-four hours

Three hours

226. There are four separate chambers of the human heart: two atria and two ventricles. From what vessel does the left atrium receive blood? Through the aorta Through the pulmonary veins Through the vena cava Through the pulmonary arteries

Through the pulmonary veins

706. What is the purpose of an incident command system? To provide a training program for first responders To ensure responder and public safety, achieve incident management goals, and ensure the efficient use of resources To standardize incident management for all hazards across all levels of government To evaluate the EMS system's response to an event

To ensure responder and public safety, achieve incident management goals, and ensure the efficient use of resources

744. What is the purpose of a reassessment? To identify and treat changes in a patient's condition To request additional resources if necessary To initially assess airway, breathing and circulation To ensure safety of EMS personnel

To identify and treat changes in a patient's condition

121 What is the main purpose of an oropharyngeal airway? To keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway To prevent obstruction by liquids To prevent a gag reflex To assist with ventilations in a conscious patient

To keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway

511 A 56-year-old male patient is hypothermic and unresponsive. Which of the following is the main goal of this patient's prehospital emergency care? To provide oral fluids and oxygen To warm the patient as fast as possible To prevent further heat loss To keep the patient active by walking and talking

To prevent further heat loss

432 What is the purpose of a pelvic binder? To provide temporary stabilization and reduce internal bleeding To reduce distal circulation To stabilize injuries below the knee To pull part of the body in the direction of its normal alignment

To provide temporary stabilization and reduce internal bleeding

119 What is the purpose of the head-tilt/chin-lift technique? To relieve an obstruction blocking an otherwise patent airway, when spinal trauma is not suspected To prevent further damage until a C-collar can be applied To allow access to a foreign body for removal To relieve an obstruction blocking an otherwise patent airway, when spinal trauma is suspected

To relieve an obstruction blocking an otherwise patent airway, when spinal trauma is not suspected

110 What is the purpose of opening and closing the oxygen tank prior to attaching the regulator? To remove dirt or contamination from the opening To ensure the valve is working properly To check the pressure inside the tank To ensure the tank is filled

To remove dirt or contamination from the opening

188. What is the goal of CPR? To prevent brain damage due to lack of oxygenation To restore spontaneous breathing and circulation To maintain organ perfusion To compress the lungs upward and force residual air from them

To restore spontaneous breathing and circulation

680. What is the main purpose of the detailed physical examination? To reveal any hidden or less obvious injuries that may not have been found on the initial assessment To identify and treat changes to the patient's condition To identify and begin treatment of immediate or imminent life-threatening conditions To ensure the safety of EMS personnel, patients, and bystanders

To reveal any hidden or less obvious injuries that may not have been found on the initial assessment

117 A 36-year-old patient has a decreased level of consciousness; she is also in need of suctioning due to excessive oral secretions that block her airway. A suction catheter is measured from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe. When suctioning the patient, how far should the rigid catheter be inserted? To the depth measured Until resistance is encountered Past the vocal cords As far as the base of the tongue

To the depth measured

203. When the right ventricle contracts, where does the blood that is contained in the ventricle go, and through what vessel? To the lungs via the vena cava To the heart via coronary arteries To the body via the aorta To the lungs via the pulmonary arteries

To the lungs via the pulmonary arteries

507 Which of the following is defined as the need for increasing dosage amounts of a drug to obtain the same effect? Addiction Substance abuse Overdose Tolerance

Tolerance

40 Which of the following is not part of the upper airway? Nasopharynx Larynx Oropharynx Trachea

Trachea

390 An 18-year-old patient is involved in a motor vehicle crash. Upon examination, an obvious deformity is noted in the left mid thigh, likely indicating a femur fracture. Which of the following splints would be most appropriate? Traction splint Pelvic binder Rigid splint Air splint

Traction splint

545 A 22-year old single mother fractured her ankle while playing with her children. Her leg is clearly deformed and she rates her pain a 9/10 on the pain scale. Her children, ages 3 and 5, are frightened but cooperative. The patient agrees to transport, but only if her children accompany her, as no family or neighbors are available to care for them. Which of the following is the best option? Secure the mother on the stretcher, place the infant in a car seat secure the seat and the toddler to the ambulance bench using seatbelts Transport the children using appropriate restraint systems in an accompanying police vehicle Secure the mother and infant on the stretcher, with the toddler in a captain's chair Secure the mother on the stretcher, and call a taxi to transport the children

Transport the children using appropriate restraint systems in an accompanying police vehicle

639. Which of the following is the comparison of vital signs to previous values? Index of suspicion Reassessment Trending Triage

Trending

655. Personal protective equipment is mandatory for all patient-care activities when contact with body fluids or airborne droplets is possible. Which of the following medical conditions would warrant the use of an N95 mask? Community-acquired pneumonia Tuberculosis Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation Status asthmaticus

Tuberculosis

293. A 63-year-old patient has been found unresponsive and pulseless. CPR has been initiated by another rescuer. An automated external defibrillator is available. What is the most appropriate next step? Apply the automated external defibrillator (AED) pads Wait until five cycles (two minutes) of CPR have been completed before acting Turn on the automated external defibrillator (AED) Analyze the patient's heart rhythm with the automated external defibrillator (AED)

Turn on the automated external defibrillator (AED)

324. A 63-year-old patient has been found unresponsive and pulseless. CPR has been initiated by another rescuer. An automated external defibrillator is available. What is the most appropriate next step? Apply the automated external defibrillator (AED) pads Wait until five cycles (two minutes) of CPR have been completed before acting Turn on the automated external defibrillator (AED) Analyze the patient's heart rhythm with the automated external defibrillator (AED)

Turn on the automated external defibrillator (AED)

747. For at least how long should you rub your hands when washing with soap and water? Twenty seconds Forty-five seconds Thirty seconds Ten seconds

Twenty seconds

768. Which of the following patients require a rapid transport? Thirteen-year-old female who fell off a bicycle, with a possible fractured wrist, minor cuts, and bruising Twenty-four-year-old female at 40 weeks gestation with crowning, but no other complications Twenty-eight-year-old male with an allergic reaction to a bee sting, with dyspnea and a rapid pulse Fifty-three-year-old female with alleviated chest pain after assisted administration of nitroglycerin

Twenty-eight-year-old male with an allergic reaction to a bee sting, with dyspnea and a rapid pulse

588 How many bones are in each foot? Thirty-four Thirty-two Twenty-six Twenty

Twenty-six

267. How long should CPR be conducted between automated external defibrillator (AED) assessments of a patient's cardiac rhythm? Three minutes One minute Five minutes Two minutes

Two minutes

754. Which of the following is not an example of a mass-casualty incident? Two patients in cardiac arrest A multi-car crash involving five patients An active fire in a full apartment building, with no one currently injured A bleacher collapse, in which twenty patients have no obvious deformities upon arrival

Two patients in cardiac arrest

413 A 22-year-old female fell from a two-story apartment window onto concrete. She is conscious, alert, and denies any loss of consciousness, but she does complain of cervical spine pain. Which of the following is likely to be seen? Dyspnea Unequal pupils Urticaria Abnormal capillary refill time

Unequal pupils

732. Which of the following is the leading cause of death in adolescents? Unintentional injuries Cancer Congenital abnormalities Suicide

Unintentional injuries

628. Which of the following scenarios would require the lowest priority in a mass casualty incident (MCI)? Unresponsive 64-year-old patient in cardiac arrest with agonal respirations Unresponsive 12-year-old patient with unequal breath sounds in respiratory distress Responsive 32-year-old patient exhibiting signs of compensated shock Responsive 22-year-old patient with partial thickness burns to the entirety of both legs

Unresponsive 64-year-old patient in cardiac arrest with agonal respirations

354 A patient is showing signs and symptoms of shock and has a tender, rigid abdomen. She reports vomiting material that looked like coffee grounds. Which of the following is most likely causing her symptoms? Appendicitis Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding Hemorrhoids Renal calculi

Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding

412 When placing a patient on a long backboard, which of the following areas is secured first? Upper legs Pelvis Head Upper torso

Upper torso

679. A large truck containing potentially hazardous material is involved in an accident. What is the safest point of ingress into the scene? Upwind and uphill Downwind and uphill Downwind and downhill Upwind and downhill

Upwind and uphill

530 Which of the following is a hollow organ in the body? Pancreas Spleen Ureter Kidneys

Ureter

570 Which of the following is the opposite of urinary incontinence? Kyphosis Cystitis Renal calculi Urinary retention

Urinary retention

742. What is the most appropriate way to clean blood off a stretcher's metal rails and mattress? Use an antibacterial soap and hot water to wipe down the stretcher and mattress Use an alcohol-water solution to wipe down the stretcher and mattress Use a bleach-water solution to wipe down the stretcher and mattress Consider it contaminated and request a new stretcher before returning to service

Use a bleach-water solution to wipe down the stretcher and mattress

5 A responsive adult patient complaining of shortness of breath could benefit from oxygen delivered via a nonrebreather mask, but he is unable to tolerate a mask on his face. What is the most appropriate next step? Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and a nasal cannula Avoid providing oxygen altogether Use a nasal cannula with supplemental oxygen flowing at six liters per minute Provide artificial ventilations via a manually triggered ventilation device

Use a nasal cannula with supplemental oxygen flowing at six liters per minute

422 An adult patient is found on the ground in his yard complaining of neck and back pain. He states he was working on the roof of his house when he lost his balance and fell to the ground. An appropriately sized cervical collar is not available. What is the most appropriate next step? Use the next-largest or next-smallest size of cervical collar Leave the neck unsecured Use a rolled towel taped to the backboard, while providing continuous manual support Secure the neck using the backboard only

Use a rolled towel taped to the backboard, while providing continuous manual support

141 A frightened five-year-old boy, with a patent airway, who strongly resists receiving oxygen by mask, requires some oxygenation. What is the most appropriate method of delivering oxygen in this case? Hold the mask firmly over the child's face and order him to breathe Insert an oropharyngeal airway To prevent anxiety, do not administer oxygen Use the blow-by technique

Use the blow-by technique

2 A 28-year-old female is involved in a motor vehicle accident. She is unresponsive and apneic. All attempts at opening her airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver have failed. What is the most appropriate next step? Ventilate her with a bag-valve mask (BVM) and reservoir bag Use the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver to open her airway Attempt mouth-to-mask ventilation Insert two nasal airways and apply high-flow oxygen therapy

Use the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver to open her airway

763. Which of the following is not an appropriate technique for stress reduction? Changing work hours Seeking counseling Exercising regularly Using sedatives to sleep

Using sedatives to sleep

252. A patient with a cardiac history complains of feeling faint every time he bears down in an attempt to have a bowel movement. Which of the following is most likely causing his complaint? Vagus nerve stimulation Anxiety Supine hypotensive syndrome Syncope

Vagus nerve stimulation

186. Which major blood vessel carries deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood to the heart? Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Vena cava Aorta

Vena cava

386 A patient is bleeding from a leg wound. The blood is dark red and flowing steadily. Which of the following is the most likely source of bleeding? Internal Arterial Capillary Venous

Venous

320. Which of the following actions during CPR is most likely to cause gastric distension? Chest compressions that are being delivered too fast Ventilations that are performed through an open airway Ventilations that do not have enough supplemental oxygen Ventilations that are too forceful

Ventilations that are too forceful

199. If an automated external defibrillator (AED) analyzes a shockable rhythm, which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias is most likely to be present? Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter Ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia Pulseless electrical activity Asystole

Ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardi

261. Which of the following dysrhythmias is most likely deteriorate to ventricular fibrillation? Atrial tachycardia Atrial fibrillation Ventricular tachycardia Asystole

Ventricular tachycardia

14 Which of the following is not a sign of labored respirations and inadequate oxygenation? Adventitious breath sounds Inadequate chest expansion Nasal flaring Vesicular breath sounds

Vesicular breath sounds

544 Which of the following signs/symptoms is not likely to be seen in a patient requiring albuterol via a metered-dose inhaler? Retractions Vesicular breath sounds Cyanosis Cough

Vesicular breath sounds

497 A 9-year-old boy had a single, brief seizure at home and is now postictal. His mother is upset and reports that he has experienced a seizure once before, but it was different than this episode. Which of the following is not a critical step to achieving the best patient outcome? Patient position Waiting for the patient to regain consciousness before assessment Clearing the airway of secretions Preventing aspirations

Waiting for the patient to regain consciousness before assessment

66 Which of the following signs is not an indicator that a patient may be experiencing inadequate breathing? Tachypnea in the presence of shortness of breath Cyanosis around the lips and nail beds Adventitious breath sounds Warm, dry skin with normal capillary refill

Warm, dry skin with normal capillary refill

692. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to avoid infection when dealing with a patient who has a fever and a productive cough? Wear gloves Ensure three feet of distance from the patient at all times Wear gloves and a mask with eye protection Wash your hands after transporting the patient

Wear gloves and a mask with eye protection

496 Which of the following is a likely indication for the prehospital administration of epinephrine? Hypoglycemia due to an adjustment of insulin dose Wheezing due to an allergic reaction Chest pain secondary to acute myocardial infarction Abdominal pain due to poison ingestion

Wheezing due to an allergic reaction

437 When is it not appropriate to apply pressure to a bleeding head wound? When the patient has an altered mental status When neurological deficits are present When a cervical spine injury is suspected When a skull fracture is suspected

When a skull fracture is suspected

688. When is it appropriate to disturb a crime scene? When absolutely necessary in caring for the patient It is never appropriate to disturb a crime scene When gathering evidence When medical direction advises

When absolutely necessary in caring for the patient

428 A 21-year-old man suffered a possible spinal injury while skiing. He is still wearing his ski helmet during the initial assessment. Inline stabilization is adequate at this time. When should his helmet be removed? When it is time to apply a cervical collar Prior to positioning the patient on a long backboard When assessing level of consciousness When it prevents assessment of the airway

When it prevents assessment of the airway

767. Which of the following would most effectively represent proper communication with a patient? When speaking to a 12-year-old: "Do you want to hold your mommy's hand while I bandage you?" When speaking to a 64-year-old woman: "Ma'am, it is important that you be assessed at an emergency department." When talking to a 4-year-old child: "I think you've fractured your tibia. We'll stabilize you here and transport you to the hospital for an open-reduction internal fixation." When speaking to an intoxicated 32-year-old man: "Come on, get up. You're feeling no pain, anyway."

When speaking to a 64-year-old woman: "Ma'am, it is important that you be assessed at an emergency department."

70 When should the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver be used on a trauma patient? When cervical spine stabilization is accomplished When the jaw-thrust maneuver fails to open the airway When no medical backup is available for assistance When BLS resuscitation has been performed for at least 15 minutes

When the jaw-thrust maneuver fails to open the airway

146 When should an oropharyngeal airway be used in a pediatric patient? When the child is in respiratory distress and needs supplemental oxygen When the child is very anxious and frightened When the patient is unconscious, in respiratory failure and unable to sustain an open airway spontaneously When the child has vesicular breath sounds

When the patient is unconscious, in respiratory failure and unable to sustain an open airway spontaneously

599 When is the correct time to perform a secondary assessment in an unstable patient? Upon arrival at the scene Initially after taking baseline vital signs at the scene While en route to the hospital, only after life threats are managed Prior to leaving the scene, but after life threats have been managed

While en route to the hospital, only after life threats are managed

646. Which of the following is not an effective technique for stress reduction? Working extra hours Seeking professional help Expanding a support system beyond coworkers Performing regular physical exercise

Working extra hours

382 Your patient was involved in a major accident that amputated his right hand at the wrist. How should the amputated hand be cared for? Wrap the hand in a sterile dressing, then in a dry plastic bag, keeping it cool Wrap the hand in a blanket and immerse it in a tub of ice Wrap the hand in plastic and immerse it directly in a tub of ice water Place the hand against the patient to keep it warm

Wrap the hand in a sterile dressing, then in a dry plastic bag, keeping it cool

537 What is the appropriate sizing of a sphygmomanometer? Wrapped around the arm 1 to 1.5 times, taking up half the length from the armpit to the crease in the elbow Wrapped around the arm 1 time, taking up two-thirds the length from the armpit to the crease in the elbow Wrapped around the arm 1 to 1.5 times, taking up two-thirds the length from the armpit to the crease in the elbow Wrapped around the arm 2 times, taking up half the length from the armpit to the crease in the elbow

Wrapped around the arm 1 to 1.5 times, taking up two-thirds the length from the armpit to the crease in the elbow

720. Which of the following best defines standard of care? A code of conduct affecting character, conduct, and conscience Written, accepted levels of emergency care expected by reason of training and profession An established process to determine the qualifications necessary to practice a particular profession or function The outline of care that the emergency medical technician (EMT) is able to provide for a patient

Written, accepted levels of emergency care expected by reason of training and profession