NSCI 2114 EXAM 5
Approximately what percentage of the bodys calcium is found in the blood? 1 5 15 25
1
What fraction of the total iron content of a normal diet is heme iron? 1/100 1/10 1/3 1/2
1/10
What is the adult RDA for iodine? 45 100 150 225
150
Average daily loss of water via the kidneys, lungs, feces, and skin is approximately 0-.5 liters .5-1.5 2 4
2 liters
A persons highest bone density is achieved by around age (years) 18 30 55 70
30
Approximately how much water is in a loaf of bread? 2% of the loaf 5% of the loaf 20% of the loaf 35% of the loaf
35% of the loaf
Sam has recently been diagnosed with high blood pressure. His doctor recommended adopting the DASH diet plan. Along with including more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, he was also advised to reduce daily sodium intake to no more than 2000 mg. How much salt (g) would be allowed under Sam's restriction
5
What is the response of the thyroid gland to an iodine deficiency?
?
What is goitrogen?
A substance that interferes with the functioning of the thyroid gland
What is the ionic state of ferrous iron?
+2
In the United States, iron is currently added to which of the following foods? Milk and cheese Breads and cheese Peanut butter & jelly Orange juice and tomato juice
Breads and cheese
What is hyroxyapatite? Abnormal cellular structures A calcium regulatory hormone secreted from the trabeculae region of bone Compound in plant foods that binds to calcium and phosphorus and inhibits absorption A calcium rich crystalline structure of teeth and bones
Calcium rich crystalline structure of teeth and bones
Which of the following is a feature of potassium supplements? Can cause toxicity Should always be taken with diuretics Necessary in treatment of low blood pressure Absorption of the mineral decreases markedly as intake increases
Can cause toxicity
Which of the following is a known side effect of prolonged ingestion of excessive amounts of zinc supplements? Iron toxicity Copper deficiency Zinc salt deposits Mineral binding protein deficiency
Copper deficiency due to interference with copper absorption
Which of the following is a characteristic of iron nutrition? Absorption is improved on diets high in phytates Iron defieciency and iron overload share some of the same signs and symptoms The risk for acute iron toxicity is highest among women of childbearing age Iron overload results from a genetic predisposition for excessive synthesis of ferritin
Iron deficiency and iron overload share some of the same signs and symptoms
A person with high blood levels of hepcidin responds by Decreasing iron Increasing iron Decreasing zinc Increasing zinc
Decreasing iron
Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of manganese in nutrition? Plant foods are good sources Absorption is inhibited by calcium Toxicity is more common Defiencies are seen primarily in the elderly
Deficiencies are seen primarily in the elderly
Which of the following does NOT have an RDA? Iron Zinc Iodine Fluoride
Fluoride
What is the average lifespan of red blood cells?
Four months
Barbara has been healthy up to the past couple of weeks, but since then has been complaining of considerable muscle weakness. Her doctor just received the results of blood tests, which showed that she is deficient in potassium. If Barbara continues her current habits of consuming a diet low in potassium, for which of the following disorders is she most likely to be at risk? Rickets Arthritis Low blood pressure High blood pressure
HBP
The DASH diet plan was devised to prevent...?
Hypertension
Abnormally low blood sodium concentration is known specifically as...? Hypertension Hyponatremia Hyperkalemia Water intoxication
Hyponatremia
Which of the following is NOT among common side effects of taking a high-dose calcium supplement? Constipation Excessive gas Intestinal bloating Increased iron absorption
Increased iron absorption
Which of the following is an important function of selenium? Helps blood to clot Inhibits the formation of free radicals Stabilizes the alcohol content of beer Acts as a cross linking agent in collagen
Inhibits the formation of free radicals
Which of the following is NOT among the conditions associated with zinc deficiency? Altered taste Kidney failure Abnormal night vision Poor healing of wounds
Kidney failure
Which of the following is a risk of consuming calcium supplements above the UL? Vitamin D deficiency Kidney stone formation Atrophic gastritis Calcium tetany
Kidney stone formation
A measure of the rate at which a nutrient is absorbed and used by the body is termed net utilization bioavailability biological value utilization effiency
Bioavailability
Which of the following minerals would a bulimia nervosa patient be likely to lose in the greatest amount? Calcium Chloride Potassium Phosphorus
chloride
Which of the following is a characterstic of iron deficiency? Blood erythrocyte protoporphrin levels decline as anemia worsens Iron supplements are not as effective as treating anemia People with anemia generally become fatigued only when they exert themselves The concave nails of iron-deficiency anemia result from abnormal ferritin levels
People with anemia generally become fatigued only when they exert themselves
What is the major extracellular cation? Sodium Sulfate Protein Potassium
Sodium
When a person loses fliud by sweating or bleeding, what minerals are lost in greatest quantity?
Sodium and choride
Which of the following green veggies shows the lowest bioavailability of calcium? Kale Spinach Broccoli Mustard greens
Spinach
Which of the following is a characteristic of calcium supplement use? Taking them with a meal enhances absorption of calcium Taking with iron supplements enhances iron absorption Supplements of calcium carbonate show higher bioavailability than calcium citrate Small pills containing large amounts show faster dissolution
Taking them with a meal enhances absorption of calcium
Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of chloride in nutrition? Deficiencies are rare Intake is related to sodium intake Its necessary for maintaining electrolyte balance of body fluids Recommended intake has recently been set at 10 mg/kg body weight
The recommended intake has recenty been set at 10mg/kg body weight
Which of the following is a feature of water and nutrition? Water intox is rare but can result in death Water loss is highest through feces Chronic high intakes increase the risk for bladder cancer Soft water has significant concentrations of magnesium and calcium
Water intox is rare but can result in death
Approximately how many people worldwde are thought to be affected by iron-deficiency anemia? 1 mil 100 mil 1.6 bil 3.5 bil
1.6 billion
Under normal circumstances, what is the average percentage of dietary iron that is absorbed from a mixed diet?
18
How many mg of calcium are present in a 500 mg tablet of calcium carbonate? 100 200 350 500
200
What minimum level of body weight loss as water impairs a persons physical performance? 1-2% 3-4% 5-9% 10-15%
3-4%
At what age do adults normally begin to lose bone mass? 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
30-40
Approximate percentage of water in pizza?
45%
For optimal utilization of calcium supplements, it is best to take them several times a day, in doses up to
500 mg
Which of the following contributes most to the weight of the human body? Iron Water Protein Calcium
water
Approximately how much water(lbs) is found in a 134 lb person? 34 65 80 105
80
Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of copper in nutrition?
Absorption from foods is poor
What is calmodulin?
A calcium binding protein
Which of the following is NOT a feature of body weight and bone health? Weight loss adversely affects bone density Negative energy balance typically reduces calcium absorption A low calcium diet promotes similar bone loss in normal and overweight people People with BMIs over 30 have denser bones than their counterparts with BMIs around 25
A low-calcium diet promotes similar bone loss in normal and overweight people
Which of the following is NOT among the factors that are effective in regulating the bodys water balance? Adrenaline Aldosterone Angiotensin Antidiuretic hormone
Adrenaline
Which of the following describes one aspect of iron toxicity? Among men in the US it is twice as common as iron deficiency anemia In adults, the consumption of alcohol is somewhat protective against absorption of excess iron In most people with this disorder, infections are rare It is usually caused by a virus that attacks the intestinal mucosal cells
Among men in the US, its twice as common as iron deficinency anemia
Magnesium is known to be involved in all of the following EXCEPT Blood clotting Muscle Contraction Prevention of dental caries
Blood clotting
Which of the following is NOT known to affect iron bioavailability from complete meals? Caffeine Phytates Vitamin C MFP Factor
Caffeine
Which of the following is descriptive of iron deficienicy and behavior? The practice of pica Changes in behavior precede the appearance of anemia Adults are more resistant to iron induced behavior changes than children
Changes in behavior precede the appearnce of anemia
Commercially available zinc-containing lozenges are advertised to help with..?
Common cold
Which of the following describes a way to make an electrolyte solution? Dissolve a teaspoon of salt in water Vigorously shake a mixture of corn oil and water Dissolve a pinch of corn starch in water
Dissolve a teaspoon of salt in a glass of water
Anabolic drug treatments for osteoporosis work chiefly by..?
Enhancing osteoblast activity
In a healthy individual with a daily requirement of 500 mg sodium, what would be the sodium balance after an intake of 10 g common salt
Equilibrium
If cows milk is found to contain unusually high levels of iodine, what is the most likely explanation? Storage of milk in galvanized tanks Grazing of cows on high iodine soils Addition of fortified salt at the milk processing plant Exposure of cows to iodide- containing medications and disinfectants
Exposure of cows to iodide-containing medications and disinfectants
Which of the following is added to many municipal water systems to reduce the rate of dental caries? Potassium Fluoride Sodium Calcium
Flouride
What term designates foods that contain nonnutrient substances that may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition?
Functional foods
Which of the following is a major function of chloride? Participates in wound healing Helps maintain gastric acidity Acts as a principal intracellular electrolyte Protects bone structures against degeneration
Helps maintain gastric acidity
What is the most common genetic disorder in the US?
Hemochromatosis
Which of the following is NOT known to be a risk factor for osteoporosis in men? High BMI Alcohol abuse Corticosteriod use Low testosterone levels
High BMI
What is another term for hypertension? High blood sodium High blood pressure Excessive mental stress Excessive muscular contraction
High blood pressure
What is the primary function of the thyroid hormones?
Control the rate of oxygen use by cells...?
Which of the following minerals functions primarily in reactions that consume oxygen? Zinc Copper Chromium Molybdenum
Copper
Your aunt Thelma has been anemic for some time and was recently shown to be deficient in copper. Which of the following explains the association of copper and anemia? Copper is required for hemoglobin synthesis Copper plays a role in wound healing, which prevens excessive blood loss Anemia affects synthesis of protoportphryin
Copper is required for hemoglobin synthesis
The outer, hard shell of the bone is called
Cortical bone
Which of the following is NOT a feature of zinc supplements? They induce nausea and bad taste reactions when administered in zinc lozenges They reduce the incidence of goiter in developing countries They reduce the incidence of diarrhea-related deaths in children
Reduce the incidence of goiter in developing countries
In the body, lead is known to significantly interfere with utilization of all these minerals EXCEPT Iron Zinc Calcium Selenium
Selenium
Which of the following is a property of selenium in nutrition? It participates in the functioning of insulin Severe deficiency is associated with heart disease in China Significant food sources include dairy and unprocessed veggies It has no RDA but the estimated safe and adequate dietary intake is only 2-3 mg/day
Severe deficiency is associated with heart disease in China
Among the following, which does NOT contain the MFP factor? Tuna Spinach Hamburger Chicken leg
Spinach
Habitual intake of soft water is most likely to aggravate?
Hypertension
Which of the following is NOT among the signs of toxicity? Apathy Fatigue Hypochromic anemia Increases in infections
Hypochromic anemia
The most common cause of iodine deficiency is Insufficient intake of iodine from foods overconsumption of other trace elements overconsumption of antithyroid substances pituitary deficiencies of thyroid-stimulating hormone
Insufficient intake of iodine from foods
Which of the following is a feature of iron absorption? It is higher with vegetarian diets It is higher in people with iron deficiency It is lower when iron is in the form of heme rather than non-heme It is higher in adults than children due to more mature intestinal function
It is higher in people with iron deficiency
Which of the following is a feature of the disorder hereditary hemochromatosis? Characterized by acrodermatitis Its found primarily in women child bearing age Its associated with defects of copper and zinc absorption Most common genetic disorder in the US
It is the most common genetic disorder in the US
Which of the following population groups is least susceptible to iron-deficiency anemia? Older infants Children 2-10 years old Women of childbearing age Men 20-45 years of age
Men 20-45 years of age
Which of the following is a major binding protein for zinc? Ligand Ferritin Hemosiderin Metallothionein
Metallothionein
Which of the following defines an association between a protein and a function of zinc? Thyroxine: zinc transporter Globulin: transports zinc into cells Transferrin: essential to zinc excretion Metallothionein: promotes zinc homeostasis
Metallothionein: promotes zinc homeostasis
Which of the following shows the highest amount of bioavailability for calcium?
Milk
Which of the following is a feature of iron nutrition? Iron plays an important role in the synthesis of thyroxine On average, people absorb about 50-60% of dietary iron On average, women do not eat enough iron-containing foods Iron deficiency represents the second most mineral deficiency in the US
On average, women do not eat enough iron-containing foods
Which of the following is a feature of the minerals in nutrition? Some minerals are destroyed by heat Much care is needed to preserve minerals during food prep Once minerals enter the bloodstream, they remain in the body until excreted
Once minerals enter the bloodstream, they remain in the body until excreted
Which of the following is a function of trabecular bone? Synthesis of vitamin D Synthesis of calcitonin Storage site for calcium Storage site for vitamin D
Storage site for calcium
Tiffany is a strict vegan and does not consume calcium-rich plant foods nor supplements of calcium. Which of the following is most responsible for maintaining her blood calcium levels in the normal range? Calcitonin Calmodulin Hydroxyapatite Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone
Which of the following is NOT known to reduce the absorption of iron? Tea Coffee Sugars Phytates
Sugars
Whats the name given to the ingestion of nonnutritive substances?
Pica
Zinc content is highest in foods that also contain a large amount of...?
Protein
Which of the following is known to cause discolored enamel of the teeth? Insufficient fluoride in water Excessive fluoride in water
excessive fluoride in the water
People in the United States who are meeting their recommended intake for calcium usually are ...?
Taking calcium supplements
Why are salt tablets generally not recommended for people engaged in physical activity? They can induce dehydration They suppress the thirst mechanisms They may lead to complete kidney failure They reduce blood glucose concentration
They can induce dehydration
Which of the following people are at known risk for potassium depletion? Athletes who are body builders Construction workers in cold climates Those who ingest low amounts of fresh fruits/veggies Those who consume insufficient amounts of salted foods
Those who ingest low amounts of fresh fruits and veggies
Which of the following is a protein that carries iron through the circulation to the tissues? Albumin Transferrin Hemosiderin
Transferrin
Which of the following is a characteristic of iron transport? Ferritin functions by transporting iron from the spleen to the bones Hemochromatosis results from an inability to absorb and transport Transferrin in the blood carries iron to the bone marrow
Transferrin in the blood carries iron to the bone marrow
Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics shared by iron and zinc? Absorption is inhibited by fiber Absorption is inhibited by cows milk Transport in the blood is primarily handled by albumin Absorption rises with increased needs of the body
Transport in the blood is primarily handled by albumin
Which of the following is a characteristic of chromium in nutrition? A deficiency leads to hypothyroidism Supplements are well known to be helpful Whole grains represent an excellent source In the body, it enhances the action of ceruloplasmin
Whole grains represent an excellent source
What formulation of zinc has been found somewhat effective in treating the symptoms of the common cold?
Zinc gluconate
Which of the following foods provides iron in the most absorbable form? Rice Spinach Chicken Orange juice
chicken
To serve its function in oxygen delivery to body tissues, iron must interact closely with copper and vitamin C selenium and iodine zinc and vitamin A chromium and calcium
copper and vitamin c
What organ provides the major control for homeostasis of body fluids? Liver Heart Kidneys Skeletal muscle
kidneys
What is the major intracellular cation? Sodium Calcium Phosphate Potassium
potassium
Sulfur is present in practically all...?
proteins
Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to Provide energy for the cells Provide ridigity for the bones and teeth Regulate transmission of nerve impulses Maintain the blood level of calcium within very narrow limits
provide ridigity for the bones and teeth
Which of the following is the richest source of iodine? Corn seafood orange juice cruciferous veggies
seafood
Aldosterone and renin each function to promote?
Retention of sodium
Naturally occuring food sources of fluoride include all of the following except...? Teas Milk Tuna Shrimp
Milk
The concentration of electrolyte charges is measured in Solute minerals Milliequivalents Ionic dissociates Total atomic masses
Milliequivalents
What type of anemia results from iron deficiency? Microcytic hypochromic Macrocytic hyperchromic Megaloblastic
Microcytic hypochromic
What percentage of the US population have decayed, missing, or filled teeth?
95
which of the following is a protein that functions as a vasocontrictor? Angiotension Pepsin ADH Alsocostrictor
Angiotension
The most accurate way to measure bone marrow density is through..?
Dual energy XRay absorption
Which is a feature of phosphorus? Involved in energy exchange Activates fat-soluble vitamins Ranks lowest among the minerals in amount present in the body Ranks highest
Involved in energy exchange
what nutrient deficiency during pregnancy may give rise to a child with cretinism?
Iodine
Low levels of blood hemoglobin most likely indicate a deficiency of Iron Zinc Copper Manganese
Iron
A friend shows you a newspaper article titled "magnesiums role in ATP synthesis", you explain that... magnesium does not play a role in ATP synthesis It is not magnesium but manganese Magnesium serves as a catalyst in the reaction that adds the last phosphate to ATP there are 3 magnesium groups within the ATP structure that help it do its work
Magnesium serves as a catalyst in the reaction that adds the last phosphate to ATP
How would the body typically respond to loss of blood from hemorrhage? More transferrin is produced to allow absorption and transport of more iron The average life of the red blood cell is increased inorder to allow better tissue oxygenation Fewer iron storage proteins are produced, which increases the amount of iron available for synthesis of new red blood cells The liver and muscles release their supply of stored red blood cells which compensates for the decrease in red blood cell concentration of the circulation
More transferrin is produced to allow absorption and transport of more iron
What is the oxygen-carrying protein of muscle cells?
Myoglobin
About how much iron is absorbed from a vegetarian diet compared with an omnivorous diet?
One half as much
Which of the following is present in highest concentration in soft water? Sodium Calcium Magnesium Potassium
Sodium
Reduced blood volume causes the adrenal glands to secrete? Aldosteroine Angiotension Renin
Renin
Which of the following is a characteristic of calcium nutrition in teenagers? Recommended intake is higher for girls than boys Recommended intake is 800-1000 for this group Intake of calcium is higher in boys than girls because they eat more food The dietary intakes of calcium are similar for boys and girls of this population
The intake of calcium is higher in boys than girls because they eat more food
Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of dolomite supplements? Efficiency of absorption is poor They contain both calcium and magneisum They are usually sold as a very pure product They are commonly extracted from limestone
They are usually sold as a very pure product
