NTR 301 Exams 1-3
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT? Pick all that apply. Select one or more: a. Cholesterol is a nutrient that that can be made by the body, so it is not essential b. Essential nutrients must be obtained through food c. A lipid is an example of an essential nutrient
All of the above
Define the term digestion. Select one: a. The chemical breakup of complex food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed b. The process of bringing those smaller molecules inside the body
a. The chemical breakup of complex food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed
Why can books make claims that advertising cannot? Select one: a. The first amendment allows US citizens the freedom of speech b. The Federal Trade Commission is not able to regulate the huge quantity of books published. c. The Food and Drug Administration is not able to regulate the huge quantity of books published.
a. The first amendment allows US citizens the freedom of speech
Fatty acids differ from one another in which of the following ways? Select one or more: a. The position of the first double bond (if present) b. The number of glycerol molecules c. The number of double bonds d. The number of carbon atoms
a. The position of the first double bond (if present) c. The number of double bonds d. The number of carbon atoms
Which of the following is true about the protein DRI? Select one or more: a. The recommendations are based on amount of lean body mass. b. The DRI is established at 8.0 grams per kilogram of ideal body weight. Incorrect c. The DRI is highest for adult males. d. An assumption is made that dietary protein is from animal sources only.
a. The recommendations are based on amount of lean body mass.
Amino acids differ from one another in which of the following ways? Select one or more: a. The size of their r-groups b. The shape of their r-groups c. The number of carboxylic acid groups in the general structure d. The number of amino groups in the general structure e. The charge of their r-groups
a. The size of their r-groups b. The shape of their r-groups e. The charge of their r-groups
A recent study done in rats found that high fructose corn syrup causes obesity. Which of the following is the MOST SIGNIFICANT limitation of this study? Select one: a. The subjects are rats, so the results may not be applicable to humans. b. The researchers can control the diet of the rats. c. The rats can be exposed to greater risks than humans. d. The rats have a shorter lifespan than humans.
a. The subjects are rats, so the results may not be applicable to humans.
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding the definition of marginal in regards to nutrient intake? Select one or more: a. It is less than optimal intake over weeks, that increases the risk for deficiency diseases b. As intake moves below marginal, it becomes less likely that one's need for that nutrient is being met c. Many factors can contribute to marginal intakes of nutrients in the US, including disability, education, and socioeconomic status.
b. As intake moves below marginal, it becomes less likely that one's need for that nutrient is being met c. Many factors can contribute to marginal intakes of nutrients in the US, including disability, education, and socioeconomic status.
Sandra is a typical American and weighs 140 pounds (63.5 kg). How much protein is she likely consuming every day? Select one: a. 50.8 grams per day b. 63.5 - 127 grams per day c. 76.2 - 101.6 grams per day
c. 76.2 - 101.6 grams per day
All of the following are dietary sources of sterols EXCEPT: Select one: a. Vegetables b. Animal products c. Fruits d. Nuts
c. Fruits
As compared to the original DRIs from the 1940s, the current DRIs: Select one: a. No longer include recommendations for those vitamins for whom deficiency diseases are no longer a problem. b. Now are only expressed as average daily minimums rather than the more generous values in the original. c. Now consider levels associated with chronic disease risk reduction. d. Include recommendations for three macronutrients and eight micronutrients.
c. Now consider levels associated with chronic disease risk reduction.
Which federal agency requires disclaimers in labels in advertising nutrition related products? Select one: a. The Food and Drug Administration b. The United States Department of Agriculture c. The Federal Trade Commission d. The Central Intelligence Agency e. The Counter Terrorist Unit
c. The Federal Trade Commission
Which of the following is/are health benefits of consuming soy products? Select one or more: a. The research is clear that soy protects against breast cancer b. The research is clear that soy protects against heart disease c. The isoflavones in soy may help women with menopausal symptoms d. Soy is a high quality protein and is rich in nutrients
c. The isoflavones in soy may help women with menopausal symptoms d. Soy is a high quality protein and is rich in nutrients
Define peristalsis: Select one: a. The use of bicarbonate to neutralize the incoming chyme into the small intestine. b. The breakdown of macronutrients by highly specific enzymes. c. The powerful movement of food through the GI tract. d. The breakdown of protein by HCl and proteases.
c. The powerful movement of food through the GI tract.
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding the nutrients lycopene and lutein? Select one or more: a. They are essential nutrients needed for growth and survival b. Our bodies can make these nutrients c. They may protect against certain diseases d. They are found in fruits and vegetables
c. They may protect against certain diseases d. They are found in fruits and vegetables
I am a lipoprotein that is made in the liver and I transport triglycerides that are made in the liver from excess carbohydrates and protein. Which lipoprotein am I? Select one: a. Chylomicron b. Low density lipoprotein c. Very low density lipoprotein d. High density lipoprotein
c. Very low density lipoprotein
April and her grandma (Violet) follow the same recipe for chocolate chip cookies. However, Violet's cookies have a harder texture (they are crunchy) whereas April's are softer. Why are Violet's cookies crunchier than April's? Select one: a. April uses butter and Violet uses Crisco (a hydrogenated oil) b. Grandma's cookies always taste better c. Violet uses butter and April uses Crisco (a hydrogenated oil)
c. Violet uses butter and April uses Crisco (a hydrogenated oil)
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding the similarities and differences between whole wheat flour and enriched flour? NOTE: You may choose more than one answer. Select one or more: a. Whole wheat flour has a significantly lower glycemic index than enriched flour. b. Whole wheat flour and enriched flour both contain the bran, germ, and endosperm of the grain. c. Whole wheat flour contains more micronutrients than enriched flour.
c. Whole wheat flour contains more micronutrients than enriched flour.
If an eicosanoid is made from _________________ it will ____________ blood pressure, blood clotting, inflammation. Select one: a. eicosapentaenoic acid (n-3), not affect b. eicosapentaenoic acid (n-3), increase c. arachidonic acid (n-6), increase d. arachidonic acid (n-6), decrease
c. arachidonic acid (n-6), increase
If Sam, who weighs 200 lbs (100 kg), wants to add to his already muscular physique, how much protein should he be consuming? Select one: a. 230 - 300 grams of protein per day b. 300 - 400 grams of protein per day c. 100 - 200 grams of protein per day d. 120 - 160 grams of protein per day
d. 120 - 160 grams of protein per day
Among the many physiological changes that occur with age are decreases in HCl and saliva production. Which of the following would NOT be a potential effect of these changes? Select one: a. Decreased taste perception b. Increased risk for food poisoning c. Impaired swallowing of food d. Decreased fat absorption
d. Decreased fat absorption
Maria is at her ideal weight of 125 pounds (57 kg). How much protein would you recommend she consume daily? Select one: a. 45 grams b. 31 grams c. it is impossible to determine d. 100 grams
a. 45 grams
David's food diary revealed that his intake of Vitamin C was 220% of the DRI, his intake of Vitamin B12 was 300% of the DRI, and his intake of Calcium was 55% of the DRI. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT? (Vitamins C and B12 are water soluble vitamins and excess amounts are excreted in the urine). Select one or more: a. David's intake of calcium is marginal. b. David should decrease his intake of Vitamin B12. c. David should decrease his intake of Vitamin C.
a. David's intake of calcium is marginal.
Debbie has been dieting for several years and has noticed that she has lost lean body mass, and as a result, her basal metabolic rate (BMR) has decreased dramatically. Why is Debbie experiencing this loss in lean body mass and BMR? Select one or more: a. Debbie may not have consumed adequate calories, therefore lean tissue will be spared in order to meet the more important functions of protein. b. Debbie may not have exercised enough to build and keep lean body mass c. Lean body mass was most likely lost as a natural result of aging
a. Debbie may not have consumed adequate calories, therefore lean tissue will be spared in order to meet the more important functions of protein.
Is the following statement true or false? Why? If all amino acids were nonessential then protein would no longer be needed in the diet. Select one: a. False, even if protein is non essential, we still need nitrogen to make protein, and protein is our only dietary source of nitrogen. b. True, because if something is nonessential, that means our bodies can make it.
a. False, even if protein is non essential, we still need nitrogen to make protein, and protein is our only dietary source of nitrogen.
Which of the following is/are examples of allowable health claims on food packages? Select one or more: a. Fiber reduces the risk of colon cancer b. Calcium reduces the risk of osteoporosis c. This product will lower your cholesterol 4% in 6 weeks d. This product helps to support immunity
a. Fiber reduces the risk of colon cancer b. Calcium reduces the risk of osteoporosis
Foods high in protein and fat may have which of the following effects on total caloric intake? Select one: a. Foods with protein and fat will most likely decrease caloric intake by increasing satiety. b. Foods with protein and fat will most likely increase caloric intake by decreasing satiety.
a. Foods with protein and fat will most likely decrease caloric intake by increasing satiety.
This lipoprotein carries excess cholesterol from cells to the liver: Select one: a. HDL b. Chylomicron c. VLDL d. LDL
a. HDL
When listing trans fats on a food label, manufactures are allowed to round down to 0 when the value is 0.5 grams or less. Select one: True False
True
When a protein is denatured it is no longer in it's active form. Select one: True False
True
The DRIs for fat, carbohydrate, and protein were developed for which of the following reasons? Select one or more: a. Heart disease was becoming the leading cause of death in the US and researchers believed that decreasing fat intake would decrease incidence of heart disease. b. Micronutrient deficiency diseases disappeared, which led to the initial development of the DRIs. c. Deficiencies of fat, carbohydrate, and protein started to be a problem in the early 1980s.
a. Heart disease was becoming the leading cause of death in the US and researchers believed that decreasing fat intake would decrease incidence of heart disease. b. Micronutrient deficiency diseases disappeared, which led to the initial development of the DRIs.
Sheldon's favorite nut is a pistachio, and he developed a cheap way to extract oil from pistachios. He wants to use this oil to make Extreme Pistachio Cookies. Since Sheldon is a theoretical physicist, he did not learn about hydrogenation as an undergraduate. Which is NOT true about hydrogenation? Select one: a. Hydrogenation increases the number of double bonds in liquid oil b. Hydrogenation can be useful for hardening liquid oil in commercially manufacturing cookies c. Hydrogenation can be useful to reduce rancidity, making cookies more shelf-stable d. Hydrogenation produces trans fat
a. Hydrogenation increases the number of double bonds in liquid oil
Why are the DRIs for fat, carbohydrate, and protein are expressed as a percentage of total calorie intake? (pick all that apply) Select one or more: a. If they were set at fixed amounts that exceeded an individual's true need, the individual might gain weight. b. If they were set at fixed amounts that were less than an individual's true need, the individual might gain weight. c. If they were set at fixed amounts that were less than an individual's true need, the individual might lose weight. d. If they were set at fixed amounts that exceeded an individual's true need, the individual might lose weight.
a. If they were set at fixed amounts that exceeded an individual's true need, the individual might gain weight. c. If they were set at fixed amounts that were less than an individual's true need, the individual might lose weight.
If we don't use glucose right away for energy or other purposes, what will happen to it? NOTE: You may choose more than one answer. Select one or more: a. It can be converted to glycogen or fat b. The glucose will cause people to be hyperactive c. The glucose will cause excessively high blood sugar in all people d. It can be converted to protein
a. It can be converted to glycogen or fat
According to Katie's food diary she's consuming 120% of her RDA for iron, but just last week her doctor told her that she is anemic. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT? Select one or more: a. It is not surprising that there is this kind of discrepancy since dietary intake does not always predict what is happening inside the body. b. Either her doctor or the food diary is wrong as the two types of assessments should match. c. Katie could have had adequate iron intake during the week she recorded her food, but the food diary is not indicative of habitual iron intake.
a. It is not surprising that there is this kind of discrepancy since dietary intake does not always predict what is happening inside the body. c. Katie could have had adequate iron intake during the week she recorded her food, but the food diary is not indicative of habitual iron intake.
Match the simple sugar with it's correct nickname. a.Milk sugar b.Fruit sugar c.Blood sugar d.Refined white sugar
a. Lactose b. Fructose c. Glucose d. Sucrose
Josh picked up a box of Oreos and read that one serving provides 8 percent of the daily value for total carbohydrate. Which of the following statements is true regarding these Oreos? Select one: a. One serving provides 8 percent of the total carbohydrates that are recommended to be eaten in a day. b. One serving contains 8 percent of its calories from carbohydrates. c. The contents of the box of Oreos provide 8 percent of the carbohydrates that should be eaten in a day.
a. One serving provides 8 percent of the total carbohydrates that are recommended to be eaten in a day.
Match the different types of simple sugars with their monosaccharide components. (An answer may be used more than once or not at all). a.Fiber b.Starches c.Lactose d.Sucrose
a. Polysaccharide of glucose only b. Polysaccharide of glucose only c. Disaccharide of galactose and glucose d. Disaccharide of glucose and fructose
Match the dietary lipid with its potential effect on lipoprotein levels. a.Lowers LDL and HDL lipoprotein levels. b.Raises LDL and lowers HDL lipoprotein levels. c.Lowers LDL and has no effect on HDL lipoprotein levels. d.Raises LDL and has no effect on HDL lipoprotein levels.
a. Polyunsaturated fatty acids b. Trans fatty acids c. Monounsaturated fatty acids d. Saturated fatty acids
Taking enzyme supplements by mouth may not be useful for which of the following reason(s)? Select one or more: a. Protein is denatured in the stomach by hydrochloric acid. b. Our bodies make enzymes. c. Lipids are emulsified by bile in the small intestine.
a. Protein is denatured in the stomach by hydrochloric acid. b. Our bodies make enzymes.
Match the lipid with the function that it plays in the body. a. Triglyceride-Saturated b. Sterol c. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid d. Phospholipid
a. Provide insulation for the body and protection for internal organs b. Serves as starting material for bile, Vitamin D, and steroid hormones c. Used to make hormone like compounds that affect blood pressure, blood clotting, and inflammation d. Forms the basic structure of all cell membranes in the body
A clinical trial is being done to find out if there is a link between breast cancer and diets that are high in fat. However, people who consume diets high in fat may also have other characteristics of their lifestyle that increase their risk for breast cancer. How can researchers overcome the problem of these confounding factors in a clinical trial? Select one: a. Researchers can randomly assign participants to a treatment or a control group. b. Researchers can assign people to consume diets either high in fat or low in fat and then measure the outcomes. c. Researchers can use a retrospective study design to observe the characteristics of the diets of the people who have breast cancer and those who do not.
a. Researchers can randomly assign participants to a treatment or a control group.
Match the following questions regarding the DRI for protein with the correct answers. a.What would happen to the DRI if it assumed only lower quality protein? b.What would happen to the DRI if it assumed only higher quality protein?
a. The DRI would be higher b. The DRI would be lower
Why are there two DRIs for protein? Select one: a. There is a DRI for protein expressed as a percent because it contributes calories to our diet and a DRI expressed as grams per unit of body weight to make sure that other functions are being met. b. There is a DRI for protein expressed as grams per unit of body weight because it contributes calories to our diet and a DRI expressed as a percent to make sure that other functions are being met.
a. There is a DRI for protein expressed as a percent because it contributes calories to our diet and a DRI expressed as grams per unit of body weight to make sure that other functions are being met.
Which of the following statements are CORRECT regarding the DRI's for vitamins, minerals, and protein? Select one or more: a. They are set at a level that will meet 97.5% of healthy people's nutrient needs. b. They are set at fixed, but generous amounts. c. They are expressed in gram, milligram, and microgram amounts. d. They were developed by the National Academy of Sciences. e. They are recommended levels of nutrients that should be met every day.
a. They are set at a level that will meet 97.5% of healthy people's nutrient needs. b. They are set at fixed, but generous amounts. c. They are expressed in gram, milligram, and microgram amounts. d. They were developed by the National Academy of Sciences.
Which of the following are limitations of epidemiological studies? Select one or more: a. They may be affected by the presence of confounding factors. b. The characteristics of the study group. c. Adherence of the participants to the study's protocol d. They depend on the dietary recall/recording of the participants.
a. They may be affected by the presence of confounding factors. b. The characteristics of the study group. d. They depend on the dietary recall/recording of the participants.
After compounds are absorbed through the villi of the small intestine: Select one: a. They travel to the liver, which screens for unwanted compounds that have been absorbed and begins to detoxify so they can be eliminated. b. They travel to the kidneys, which screen for unwanted compounds that have been absorbed and begin to detoxify so they can be eliminated. c. They travel to the kidneys, which excrete absorbed, but unwanted water-soluble compounds d. They travel to the liver, which excretes absorbed, but unwanted water-soluble compounds
a. They travel to the liver, which screens for unwanted compounds that have been absorbed and begins to detoxify so they can be eliminated.
Match the digestive chemicals saliva, the digestive enzymes, hydrochloric acid, bicarbonate, and bile with the compounds upon which they act and/or their function. a.Digestive enzymes b.Bile c.Hydrochloric acid d.Bicarbonate e.Saliva
a. Transform larger food molecules into molecules small enough to be absorbed b. Emulsifies lipids c. Keeps the pH of the stomach very low to kill bacteria and denature protein d. In the first part of the small intestine, it neutralizes acidic chyme from the stomach. e. Lubricates food, contains an amylase that begins digesting carbohydrates, and contributes to taste.
Match the characteristics of the food guide pyramid and plate with what each section of the icons are designed to represent. a.The various colors b.Width of the bands on the food pyramid and the size of the sections of the plate c.The logo Choosemyplate.gov or Mypyramid.gov d.The person icon climbing the stairs of the "new" pyramid e.Narrowing of the bands on the "new" pyramid
a. Variety in our food choices b. Portion sizes corresponding to the various food groups c. Personalization d. Exercise e. Eating less as your goal is reached
Which of the following vitamins and minerals are required to be listed on the food label? Select one or more: a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Calcium d. Iron e. Niacin
a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Calcium d. Iron
All of the following are reasons why vitamins are classified as micronutrients EXCEPT: Select one: a. You only need to eat small amounts of food to get an adequate supply of vitamins b. Vitamins are present in the body in relatively small amounts c. Vitamins have requirements that are relatively small d. Vitamins are present in food in small amounts
a. You only need to eat small amounts of food to get an adequate supply of vitamins
Match each term related to studying diet-disease relationships with the correct definition. a. Associated with the exposure and the outcome and can make the two appear more related to each other than they really are. b. The participants in a study who receive the real treatment or intervention under investigation. c. A group of individuals with characteristics that match the group being treated in an intervention study but who receive a sham treatment or no treatment at all. d. A sham or neutral treatment given to a control group. e. A study of a population that searches for possible correlations between nutrition factors and health patterns over time.
a. confounding factor b. experimental group c. control group d. placebo e. epidemiological study
Match the type of research study with its limitation. a.Epidemiological study b.Clinical trial c.In-vitro study d.Animal study e.All types of studies
a. it is strictly observational b. compliance of the participants to the study protocol c. there may not be an immediate application to human health d. the results may not be applicable to humans when research is done in animals e. absolute size of the effect
The GI tract is very efficient at maximizing the chances that a nutrient will be digested and absorbed. Match the following organs with the way in which they aid in maximizing the chances a nutrient will be digested and absorbed. a.Lots of mixing of chyme and digestive chemicals via longitudinal and circular muscles b.Emulsifies fat c.Begins the digestion of carbohydrates d.Slowly releases its contents into the small intestine e.Begins the digestion of protein f.Prepares the rest of the GI tract for incoming food via taste and smell
a. small intestine b. small intestine c. mouth d. stomach e. stomach f. mouth
Match the two types of fiber with their good sources, general characteristics, and health conditions that may be prevented or relieved by increasing their intake. a.Fiber that forms gels when added to water b.Fiber that may reduce the risk for constipation, hemorrhoids, and diverticulitis c.Fiber that may reduce cholesterol absorption and help control blood glucose levels d.Wheat bran is a good source of this fiber
a. soluble fiber b. insoluble and soluble fiber c. soluble fiber d. insoluble fiber
Match the steps of protein synthesis with the correct order in which the steps occur. a. Some of the side groups (which are NOT part of the peptide bonds) interact with each other - attracting, chemically bonding, repelling - causing the molecule to fold into a specific 3-D shape. b. Amino acids are linked together, amino group to acid group, by following the "blueprint" imbedded in every cell's nucleus. c.For some proteins, the finished product is several polypeptide molecules linked together.
a. step 2 b. step 1 c. step 3
The Nutrition Facts label contains a Daily Value for which of the following? NOTE: You may choose more than one answer. Select one or more: a. total fat b. trans fat c. cholesterol d. saturated fat
a. total fat c. cholesterol d. saturated fat
Fred Flintstone is a caveman who lived a very long time ago, back when dinosaurs roamed the earth. Why is it important for Fred to be able to taste his food? Select one or more: a. Being able to taste the food helps him know which foods may be toxic, so he will not eat toxic foods. b. If the food tastes pleasing to him, he will want to eat it, and eating food is essential for survival. c. Tasting food stimulates gastric secretions, which prepares the GI tract for incoming food, thus maximizing the efficiency of digestion and absorption.
all of the above
What are some issues to consider when evaluating a reported diet-disease relationship and/or product claim? Select one or more: a. Is the source trying to sell something? b. If a study is cited, is it relevant? c. Are the claims too good to be true?
all of the above
Which of the following can contribute to inaccuracies in dietary reporting? Select one or more: a. Dishonesty b. Forgetting what was eaten c. Lack of education regarding portion sizes d. Underreporting what was eaten
all of the above
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the term "calorie" (or kilocalorie)? Pick all that apply. Select one or more: a. It is a unit of heat equal to the amount of energy necessary to raise 1000 g of water by 1˚C. b. It is a way to quantify potential energy that fuels the body c. Macronutrients supply calories (except water)
all of the above
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding the roles that longitudinal, circular, and sphincter muscles play in digestion, absorption, and excretion? Select one or more: a. They work together to move food along and ultimately out of the GI tract. b. They help food come into contact with enzymes and digestive chemicals. c. They work together to maximize both the digestive and the absorptive processes.
all of the above
Your little sister came said one of the girls in her school told her fat is bad for you and you should never eat fat. Which of the following are things you could tell our sister's friend to disprove her theory? NOTE: You may choose more than one answer. Select one or more: a. Your body obtains half of its energy from fatty acids when at rest b. Your body needs phospholipids for nerve conduction c. Your body needs lipids to protect its organs
all of the above
There are several ways in which the DRIs have changed over time. Specifically, the DRIs for special age groups, such as the elderly, have been added. Why were DRIs for the elderly increased from the original values? Select one: a. The elderly tend to eat more food, therefore their DRIs are higher. b. As people age, absorption of vitamins and minerals decreases, which increases the need for these nutrients. c. As people age, absorption of vitamins and minerals increases, which decreases the need for these nutrients.
b. As people age, absorption of vitamins and minerals decreases, which increases the need for these nutrients.
Studying chronic diseases is much more challenging than studying deficiency diseases. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding the differences in studying chronic diseases as compared to deficiency diseases? Select one or more: a. Only some people are genetically predisposed to deficiency diseases so you can identify them easily, while everyone is at risk for chronic diseases. b. Deficiency diseases have just one cause while chronic diseases have multiple potential causes, of which diet is just one. c. Chronic diseases can take only a few months to develop, while deficiency diseases typically require a lifetime to appear.
b. Deficiency diseases have just one cause while chronic diseases have multiple potential causes, of which diet is just one.
Sarah takes high doses of niacin daily to decrease her cholesterol levels. In this situation, is niacin acting as a nutrient or a drug? Select one: a. Nutrient b. Drug
b. Drug
Edward is trying to build lean body mass so he is consuming protein in excess. Which of the following statements is/are correct about the effects Edward may experience by consuming excess amounts of protein? Select one or more: a. He will definitely experience bone loss and kidney disease b. Excess nitrogen will be converted to urea and excreted in the urine, so he may pee more c. Some of the protein will be used to build lean body mass d. What is not used for energy or for specific protein needs will be converted to fat
b. Excess nitrogen will be converted to urea and excreted in the urine, so he may pee more c. Some of the protein will be used to build lean body mass d. What is not used for energy or for specific protein needs will be converted to fat
I went to the Farmer's Market restaurant in Raleigh the other day and had molasses with my biscuits. Which type of molasses did I put on the biscuits and why? Select one: a. Blackstrap molasses; it is slightly sweet and it can be a good source of micronutrients. b. First extraction molasses; it is slightly sweet and it can be a good source of micronutrients. c. First extraction molasses; it has a distinct flavor and many micronutrients. d. Blackstrap molasses; it has a distinct flavor and many micronutrients.
b. First extraction molasses; it is slightly sweet and it can be a good source of micronutrients.
One snowy day in the school parking lot, Edward saw a van sliding on ice toward his true love Bella. Without thinking, Edward raced over to Bella to stop the van from hitting her, saving her life. If Edward were a human (not a vampire) what source of energy was he using when he saved Bella's life? Select one: a. Protein b. Glycogen c. Ketone bodies d. Fat
b. Glycogen
Why might a researcher choose to use a test tube or in vitro system over an animal or human system? Select one: a. In vitro studies are strictly observational, whereas human and animal studies are indirect. b. In vitro studies are important in investigating potential mechanisms. c. In vitro studies are considered the "gold standard" of methods to study diet-disease relationships.
b. In vitro studies are important in investigating potential mechanisms.
All of the following statements are correct regarding the Mediterranean Diet EXCEPT: Select one: a. It emphasizes intake of intake of fruit, vegetables, and legumes daily b. It emphasizes intake of meat weekly c. It is high in omega-3 fatty acids d. It emphasizes intake of whole grains
b. It emphasizes intake of meat weekly
What does it mean when a product has been patented or has a patent-pending? Select one: a. It means the product is effective and safe. b. It means the theory behind how the product works is a novel idea.
b. It means the theory behind how the product works is a novel idea.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding an essential amino acid? Select one or more: a. It is not necessary in the diet. b. It must be supplied by the diet. c. It can be made from fat in the body. d. It can be made from other amino acids in the body. e. It can be made from glucose in the body.
b. It must be supplied by the diet.
April is reading the food label shown. Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding this popcorn? Select one: a. It gets 2% of its calories from saturated fat. b. It provides 2% of the Daily Value for saturated fat. c. 2% of the fat in this product is saturated.
b. It provides 2% of the Daily Value for saturated fat.
Which combination of foods would not provide all the essential amino acids? Select one: a. Peanut tacos b. Oatmeal and whole-wheat toast c. Peanut butter on wheat bread d. Cereal with milk e. Rice and beans
b. Oatmeal and whole-wheat toast
All of the following organs are part of the GI tract EXCEPT the: Select one: a. Esophagus b. Pancreas c. Small Intestine d. Stomach e. Large Intestine
b. Pancreas
Neta is diabetic and she recently learned about the glycemic index and would like to apply the concepts to improve her diet. How could Neta use the glycemic index appropriately? Select one: a. She should avoid white bread and only eat 7 grain wheat bread because white bread will raise her blood glucose significantly faster than the 7 grain wheat bread will. b. She could eat foods with a naturally low glycemic index and include them more frequently in her diet than other foods. c. The glycemic index was developed to fool people into following fad diets and it should not be used. d. She should be sure to consume the foods as they were consumed in order to develop the GI numbers (i.e. eat 7 whole carrots).
b. She could eat foods with a naturally low glycemic index and include them more frequently in her diet than other foods.
Phyllis is constipated most days. Which of the following would aid in the excretion of waste from her colon? Select one or more: a. A dietary enzyme supplement combined with a high protein diet. b. She should not "ignore the urge to go". c. Increased water consumption to provide lubrication and softening.
b. She should not "ignore the urge to go" c. Increased water consumption to provide lubrication and softening.
Betty's New Year's resolution was to improve her diet. She decided to start eating whole grain breads, pastas, and rice rather than their refined counterparts. What difference will eating whole grains make on Betty's diet? Select one: a. She will consume more iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate b. She will consume more nutrients, fiber, and healthful unsaturated fats c. There is no difference between the two products because the Federal Enrichment Project requires refined products be fortified with all of the lacking nutrients
b. She will consume more nutrients, fiber, and healthful unsaturated fats
Stacey is experiencing bloating, diarrhea, and gas. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding Stacey's condition? Select one: a. Stacey is experiencing early symptoms of diabetes b. Stacey is lactose intolerant c. Stacey has a food allergy d. Stacey is experiencing early symptoms of hypoglycemia
b. Stacey is lactose intolerant
All of the following categories have a glycerol backbone EXCEPT: Select one: a. Monoglycerides & Diglycerides b. Sterols c. Phospholipids d. Triglycerides
b. Sterols
Tyler Florence's recipe for Tomato-Basil sauce calls for the following ingredients: 3 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil 2 garlic cloves, minced 1 (16-ounce) can crushed tomatoes Pinch sugar Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper 4 fresh basil leaves, chopped Why does Tyler think it is a good idea to add a pinch of sugar to the Tomato-Basil sauce? Select one: a. There is no reason to add it. b. Sugar adds micronutrients to the sauce. c. The sugar softens the bitter flavor of the tomatoes.
b. Sugar adds micronutrients to the sauce.
Why has sugar (sucrose) developed a bad reputation over the years? Select one: a. There is strong evidence that sugar causes people to act crazy and commit crimes. b. Sugar has been linked to many negative things, such as slavery and alcohol abuse. c. There is strong evidence that sugar itself causes obesity, tooth decay, cancer, and diabetes.
b. Sugar has been linked to many negative things, such as slavery and alcohol abuse.
According to Jim's food diary, he is consuming only 30% of his estimated calorie need. The most likely reason(s) is(are): Select one or more: a. That his true caloric need is much lower than most people with his same height, weight, age, sex, and activity level. b. That he failed to record everything that he consumed while he was keeping the diary. c. He was afraid the teacher would judge him based on his diet, so he was dishonest about his food intake.
b. That he failed to record everything that he consumed while he was keeping the diary. c. He was afraid the teacher would judge him based on his diet, so he was dishonest about his food intake.
Which of the following is NOT true about Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Decosahexaenoic Acid (DHA): Select one: a. They are found in fish oil and breast milk b. They are the reason babies who are breastfed have lower IQs c. They found in the brain and retina d. They are very long-chain fatty acids
b. They are the reason babies who are breastfed have lower IQs
What is the primary source of lipid in our diets? Select one: a. Phospholipids b. Triglycerides c. Sterols d. Mono/diglycerides
b. Triglycerides
Proponents of raw food diets claim that eating raw food will promote weight loss because the enzymes in the raw food aid in the processes of digestion and absorption. Is this claim correct? Why or why not? Select one: a. Yes, this claim is correct because most humans are lacking in the enzymes needed for digestion and absorption, which is why obesity rates are increasing. b. No, this claim is incorrect because the plant enzymes will make digestion and absorption more difficult because the plant enzymes compete with the enzymes native to the human body. c. Yes, this claim is correct because research has proven that people who eat raw food diets have cured themselves of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. d. No, this claim is incorrect because if the additional enzymes survive the acidic environment of the stomach, they will aid in digestion and absorption, which will enhance the absorption of macronutrients.
d. No, this claim is incorrect because if the additional enzymes survive the acidic environment of the stomach, they will aid in digestion and absorption, which will enhance the absorption of macronutrients.
Which of the following is NOT a legume? Select one: a. Green bean b. Black bean c. Chick pea d. Peanut
d. Peanut
Which type of fatty acids predominate in butter and coconut oil? Select one: a. Monounsaturated fatty acids b. Highly unsaturated fatty acids c. Polyunsaturated fatty acids d. Saturated fatty acids
d. Saturated fatty acids
This lipoprotein carries dietary triglycerides made in the liver to cells: Select one: a. Chylomicron b. HDL c. LDL d. VLDL
d. VLDL
The quality of a protein depends upon the proportion of: Select one or more: a. nonessential amino acids present. b. essential fatty acids present. c. nitrogen to give positive nitrogen balance. d. essential amino acids present. e. nitrogen to give nitrogen equilibrium.
d. essential amino acids present.
