NU 325 GI Prep U

Vomiting results in which of the following acid-base imbalances? 1. Respiratory alkalosis 2. Metabolic alkalosis 3. Metabolic acidosis 4. Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Which of the following medications, used in the treatment of GERD, accelerate gastric emptying? 1. Famotidine (Pepcid) 2. Nizatidine (Axid) 3. Esomeprazole (Nexium) 4. Metoclopramide (Reglan)

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A nurse is caring for a client with active upper GI bleeding. What is the appropriate diet for this client during the first 24 hours after admission? 1. Clear liquids 2. Skim milk 3. Nothing by mouth 4. Regular diet

NPO

When preparing a client for surgery to treat appendicitis, the nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Risk for infection related to inflammation, perforation, and surgery. What is the rationale for choosing this nursing diagnosis? 1. The appendix may develop gangrene and rupture, especially in a middle-aged client. 2. Obstruction of the appendix may increase venous drainage and cause the appendix to rupture. 3. Infection of the appendix diminishes necrotic arterial blood flow and increases venous drainage. 4. Obstruction of the appendix reduces arterial flow, leading to ischemia, inflammation, and rupture of the appendix.

Obstruction of the appendix reduces arterial flow, leading to ischemia, inflammation, and rupture of the appendix.

Which medication classification represents a proton (gastric acid) pump inhibitor? 1. Sucralfate 2. Omeprazole 3. Famotidine 4. Metronidazole

Omeprazole

Which of the following will the nurse observe as symptoms of perforation in a patient with intestinal obstruction? 1. Decreased blood pressure 2. Purulent drainage from the gluteal fold 3. Decreased urine output 4. Sudden, sustained abdominal pain

sudden, sustained abdominal pain

A client with peptic ulcer disease must begin triple medication therapy. For how long will the client follow this regimen? 1. 15 to 20 days 2. 7 to 9 days 3. 4 to 6 days 4. 10 to 14 days

10 to 14

A nurse is helping to plan a teaching session for a client who will be discharged with a colostomy. Which statement describes a healthy stoma? 1. "At first, the stoma may bleed slightly when touched." 2. "A burning sensation under the stoma faceplate is normal." 3. "The stoma should appear dark and have a bluish hue." 4. "The stoma should remain swollen distal to the abdomen."

"At first, the stoma may bleed slightly when touched."

A client is prescribed tetracycline to treat peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following instructions would the nurse give the client? 1. "Expect a metallic taste when taking this medicine, which is normal." 2. "Take the medication with milk." 3. "Do not drive when taking this medication." 4. "Be sure to wear sunscreen while taking this medicine."

"Be sure to wear sunscreen while taking this medicine."

A nurse is caring for a patient with a Salem sump gastric tube attached to low intermittent suction for decompression. The patient asks, "What's this blue part of the tube for?" Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? 1. "It helps regulate the pressure on the suction machine." 2. "It is a vent that prevents backflow of the secretions." 3. "It works as a marker to make sure that the tube stays in place." 4. "It acts as a siphon, pulling secretions into the clear tubing."

"It is a vent that prevents backflow of the secretions."

A nursing student is caring for a client with gastritis. Which of the following would the student recognize as a common cause of gastritis? Choose all that apply. 1. Overuse of aspirin 2. DASH diet 3. Irritating foods 4. Participation in highly competitive sports 5. Ingestion of strong acids

1,3,5

A patient has a gastric sump tube inserted and attached to low intermittent suction. The physician has ordered the tube to be irrigated with 30 mL of normal saline every 6 hours. When reviewing the patient's intake and output record for the past 24 hours, the nurse would expect to note that the patient received how much fluid with the irrigation?

120 mL

The client has the intake and output shown in the accompanying chart for an 8-hour shift. What is the positive fluid balance? Intake--- tube feeding: 480 mL water: 120 mL IVPB: 50 mL Liquid Medications: 60 mL Output: urine 450 mL

260 mL

Which of the following digestive enzymes aids in the digesting of starch? 1. Lipase 2. Trypsin 3. Amylase 4. Bile

Amylase

When caring for a client with an acute exacerbation of a peptic ulcer, the nurse finds the client doubled up in bed with severe pain to his right shoulder. The intial appropriate action by the nurse is to 1. Irrigate the client's NG tube. 2. Assess the client's abdomen and vital signs. 3. Place the client in the high-Fowler's position. 4. Notify the health care provider.

Assess the client's abdomen and vital signs.

Which of the following is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of liver disease? 1. Biopsy 2. Ultrasonography 3. Paracentesis 4. Cholecystography

Biopsy

A physician suspects that a client has peptic ulcer disease. With which of the following diagnostic procedures would the nurse most likely prepare to assist? 1. Stool antigen test 2. Gastric secretion study 3. Endoscopy 4. Barium study of the upper gastrointestinal tract

Endoscopy

A patient is receiving nasogastric tube feedings. The intake and output record for the past 24 hours reveals an intake of 3100 mL and an output of 2400 mL. The nurse identifies which nursing diagnosis as most likely? 1. Risk for imbalanced nutrition, more than body requirements 2. Deficient fluid volume 3. Excess fluid volume 4. Impaired urinary elimination

Excess fluid volume

Which medication is classified as a histamine-2 receptor antagonist? 1. Metronidazole 2. Lansoprazole 3. Esomeprazole 4. Famotidine

Famotidine

Assessment: HOB elevated to 45 degrees. no nausea or vomiting. mucus membranes are moist. urine output for past 8 hours is 360 mL fasting blood glucose: 168 mg/dL BUN: 12 mg/dL Creatinine: 1.0 mg/dL AST: 28 units ALT: 24 units GGPT: 30 IU/L LDH: 136 units A client has been receiving intermittent tube feedings for several days at home. The nurse notes the findings as shown in the accompanying documentation. The nurse reports the following as an adverse reaction to the tube feeding: 1. Renal studies 2. Liver function tests 3. Physical assessment data 4. Fasting blood glucose level

Fasting blood glucose level

The following appears on the medical record of a male patient receiving parenteral nutrition: WBC: 6500/cu mm Potassium 4.3 mEq/L Magnesium 2.0 mg/dL Calcium 8.8 mg/dL Glucose 190 mg/dL Which finding would alert the nurse to a problem? 1. Glucose level 2. White blood cell count 3. Magnesium level 4. Potassium level

Glucose level

A client with severe peptic ulcer disease has undergone surgery and is several hours postoperative. During assessment, the nurse notes that the client has developed cool skin, tachycardia, and labored breathing; the client also appears to be confused. Which of the following complications has the client most likely developed? 1. Penetration 2. Hemorrhage 3. Perforation 4. Pyloric obstruction

Hemorrhage

An elderly client diagnosed with diarrhea is taking digoxin. Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse be alert to? 1. Hypernatremia 2. Hyponatremia 3. Hyperkalemia 4. Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia

Crohn's disease is a condition of malabsorption caused by which pathophysiological process? 1. Disaccharidase deficiency 2. Gastric resection 3. Inflammation of all layers of intestinal mucosa 4. Infectious disease

Inflammation of all layers of intestinal mucosa

Following ingestion of carrots or beets, the nurse would expect which alteration in stool color? 1. Milky white 2. Red 3. Yellow 4. Black

Red

A client is admitted to the hospital for diagnostic testing to rule out colorectal cancer. Which intervention should the nurse include on the plan of care? 1. Prepare the client for a gastrostomy tube placement. 2. Administer topical ointment to the rectal area to decrease bleeding 3. Test all stools for occult blood 4. Administer morphine (Duramorph PF) routinely, as ordered.

Test all stools for occult blood

Patients diagnosed with malabsorption syndrome may have vitamin and mineral deficiency. Patient who easily bleed have which of the following deficiencies? 1. Vitamin K 2. Iron 3. Calcium 4. B12

Vitamin K

A nurse is caring for a client immediately following an appendectomy. The nurse should assign which nursing diagnosis the highest priority? 1. Acute pain 2. Deficient knowledge (postoperative care) 3. Excess fluid volume 4. Risk for constipation

acute pain

A client is scheduled to have an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Which structures are visualized during this procedure? 1. portal vein, pancreatic duct, and biliary tree 2. portal vein, gallbladder, and pancreatic duct 3. common bile duct, pancreatic duct, and biliary tree 4. common bile duct, portal vein, and gallbladder

common bile duct, pancreatic duct, and biliary tree

A nurse is caring for a client who underwent a subtotal gastrectomy. To manage dumping syndrome, the nurse should advise the client to: 1. drink liquids only between meals. 2. restrict fluid intake to 1 qt (1,000 ml)/day. 3. don't drink liquids 2 hours before meals. 4. drink liquids only with meals.

drink liquids only between meals

A nurse is providing follow-up teaching at a clinic visit for a client recovering from gastric resection. The client reports sweating, diarrhea, nausea, palpitations, and the desire to lie down 15 to 30 minutes after meals. The nurse suspects the client has: 1. dehiscence of the surgical wound 2. a normal reaction to surgery 3. peritonitis 4. dumping syndrome.

dumping syndrome

The most common symptom of esophageal disease is 1. odynophagia. 2. vomiting 3. nausea. 4. dysphagia.

dysphagia

The nurse is to discontinue a nasogastric tube that had been used for decompression. The first thing the nurse does is 1. Withdraw the tube gently for 6 to 8 inches 2. Flush with 10 mL of water 3. Provide oral hygiene 4. Remove the tape from the nose of the client.

flush with 10 mL of water

A client with appendicitis is experiencing excruciating abdominal pain. An abdominal X-ray film reveals intraperitoneal air. The nurse should prepare the client for: 1. colonoscopy 2. surgery 3. nasogastric (NG) tube insertion 4. barium enema

surgery

The most significant complication related to continuous tube feedings is 1. the increased potential for aspiration. 2. the interruption of GI integrity 3. an interruption in fat metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis 4. a disturbance of intestinal and hepatic metabolism.

the increased potential for aspiration

The nurse recognizes which diagnostic should be completed initially following placement of a nasogastric tube (NG) tube? 1. measurement of tube length 2. visual assessment of aspirate 3. pH measurement of aspirate 4. verification with x-ray

verification with x-ray

The nurse determines one or two bowel sounds in 2 minutes should be documented as 1. hyperactive 2. absent 3. normal 4. hypoactive.

hypoactive

A nurse is inserting a nasogastric tube in an alert client. During the procedure, the client begins to cough constantly and has difficulty breathing. The nurse suspects the nasogastric tube is 1. Irritating the epiglottis 2. Passing into the esophagus 3. Inserted into the lungs 4. Coiling in the client's mouth

inserted into the lungs

A nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing a diagnostic workup for a suspected GI problem. The client reports gnawing epigastric pain following meals and heartburn. The nurse suspects the client has: 1. diverticulitis 2. appendicitis 3. ulcerative colitis 4. peptic ulcer disease.

peptic ulcer disease

Which client requires immediate nursing intervention? The client who: 1. complains of epigastric pain after eating 2. presents with ribbonlike stools 3. presents with a rigid, boardlike abdomen 4. complains of anorexia and periumbilical pain.

presents with a rigid, boardlike abdomen