number 3
8. What is Artificial Intelligence? Explain and give 3 examples.
(AI) can be referred to as the development of computer systems that can perform tasks and activities which require human intelligence. -self-driving vehicles -robotic nurses -navigation systems -Chatbots -human versus -computer games etc. -manufacturing -robots -automated financial --investing
Eatsa's technology platform empowers restaurants to deliver a magical customer experience, while serving more customers, faster and more efficiently. The technology allows customers to place their orders at self-serve kiosks or via mobile apps, but also to pay and pick up their food from wall-mounted compartments with digital displays that alert them to the status of their orders. Little to no employee interaction is necessary. Despite its emphasis on technology and automation, Eatsa ultimately failed. What factors may have contributed to its downfall?
- people want human interaction - not ready to be serves by robots - taking jobs
11. Generative AI can be used in the following ways as of today: • Written content augmentation and creation: • Question answering and discovery: • Tone: Text manipulation, to soften language or professionalize text • Summarization: • Simplification: Breaking down titles, creating outlines and extracting key content • Classification of content for specific use cases: Sorting by sentiment, topic, etc. • Chatbot performance improvement • Software coding: Code generation, translation, explanation and verification. Based on these please write 3 ways how GenAI can be used in tourism and hospitality industry in the future?
-Automated systems can take care of routine tasks such as room cleaning and maintenance, freeing up staff to focus on more important tasks such as delivering the best possible service to guests. Furthermore, AI-powered systems can optimize the use of resources such as energy and water, reducing costs and improving sustainability. -Generative AI can also enhance the working experience of staff in the hospitality and tourism industry. By providing customized training experiences based on individual staff members' strengths and weaknesses, staff can learn at their own pace and in a way that suits their learning style. This can lead to better trained staff, who possess a more diverse range of skills and knowledge, ultimately leading to improved customer experience and revenue growth for the business. -Automated system to lead customers to the right location at the front of hotels so they know where to go in the hotel for the certain item or service they need, especially for those guests who need a different language
10. What are the risks of Generative AI (CHatGPT)? LABICS
-ChatGPT and other tools like it are trained on large amounts of publicly available data. They are not designed to be compliant with General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other copyright laws, so it's imperative to pay close attention to your enterprises' uses of the platforms. -Lack of transparency. Generative AI and ChatGPT models are unpredictable, and not even the companies behind them always understand everything about how they work. -Accuracy. Generative AI systems sometimes produce inaccurate and fabricated answers. Assess all outputs for accuracy, appropriateness and actual usefulness before relying on or publicly distributing information. -Bias. You need policies or controls in place to detect biased outputs and deal with them in a manner consistent with company policy and any relevant legal requirements. -Intellectual property (IP) and copyright. There are currently no verifiable data governance and protection assurances regarding confidential enterprise information. Users should assume that any data or queries they enter into the ChatGPT and its competitors will become public information, and we advise enterprises to put in place controls to avoid inadvertently exposing IP -Cybersecurity and fraud. Enterprises must prepare for malicious actors' use of generative AI systems for cyber and fraud attacks, such as those that use deep fakes for social engineering of personnel, and ensure mitigating controls are put in place. Confer with your cyber-insurance provider to verify the degree to which your existing policy covers AI-related breaches. -Sustainability. Generative AI uses significant amounts of electricity. Choose vendors that reduce power consumption and leverage high-quality renewable energy to mitigate the impact on your sustainability goals.
12. What are the 4 potential limits or obstacles for the adoption of autonomous vehicles? TRIC
-Time needed to turn over the existing stock of vehicles from non-automated to automated. Thus, there will be a long period of humans and autonomous vehicles sharing the roads -Resistance by individuals to having to forfeit control of their cars -Implementation of a legal framework and consistent global government regulations for self-driving cars -Concerns about the safety of driverless in practice
Define blockchain and explain 3 types of blockchain?
A blockchain is a distributed database that is made up of a list of transaction bundles called blocks that are attached to each other. A) Public blockchains: State of the art public Blockchain protocols based on Proof of Work (PoW) consensus algorithms are open source and not permissioned. (1) Anyone can download the code and start running a public node on their local device, validating transactions in the network, thus participating in the consensus process - the process for determining what blocks get added to the chain and what the current state is. (2) Anyone in the world can send transactions through the network and expect to see them included in the blockchain if they are valid. (3) Anyone can read transaction on the public block explorer. Transactions are transparent, but anonymous/pseudonymous. Some of the largest, most known public blockchains are the bitcoin blockchain and the Ethereum blockchain. B) Consortium/Federated Blockchains operate under the leadership of a group. they don't allow any person with access to the Internet to participate in the process of verifying transactions. Consortium blockchains are mostly used in the banking sector. The consensus process is controlled by a preselected set of nodes; for example, one might imagine a consortium of 15 financial institutions, each of which operates a node and of which 10 must sign every block in order for the block to be valid • C) Private blockchains: A private blockchain is permissioned. One cannot join it unless invited by the network administrators. Participant and validator access is restricted. • Example applications include database management, auditing, etc. which are internal to a single company, and so public readability may in many cases not be necessary at all.
What are the differences and similarities between Bitcoin and a fiat currency (e.g. US Dollar)?
A form of digital currency, created and held electronically. No one controls it. Bitcoins aren't printed, like dollars or euros - they're produced by people, and increasingly businesses, running computers all around the world, using software that solves mathematical problems. It's the first example of a growing category of money known as cryptocurrency Bitcoin can be used to buy things electronically. In that sense, it's like conventional dollars, euros, or yen, which are also traded digitally However, bitcoin's most important characteristic, and the thing that makes it different to conventional money, is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. This puts some people at ease, because it means that a large bank can't control their money
What is a smart contract? Please explain with an example
A smart contract is a computer code running on top of a blockchain containing a set of rules under which the parties to that smart contract agree to interact with each other. If and when the pre-defined rules are met, the agreement is automatically enforced. The smart contract code facilitates, verifies, and enforces the negotiation or performance of an agreement or transaction. It is the simplest form of decentralized automation. Examples: banking • insurance • energy • e-government • telecommunication • music & film industry • art world • mobility • education
13. What could be potential benefits of autonomous vehicles for Tourism and hospitality industry? (write 4 examples).
CAVs are argued to potentially eliminate up to 90 percent of traffic accidents, by reducing driver error. This is significant in tourism contexts, particularly where new driving rules, driving direction (e.g. left/right), unfamiliar environments and tiredness from travel can all contribute to collisions involving tourists. Traffic congestion may be reduced, due to fewer accidents, but also because fewer CAVs would be required to meet mobility demands as compared to human-driven cars. Provides accessibility for non-drivers, who may for instance be elderly, disabled or children. Opportunities for brands, such as hotel chains, to create new channels for guest engagement. A top-end hotel chain may do a deal with a Jaguar autonomous car, for example. You get a high end experience and high-end vehicles, and it all acts as a kind of singular brand experience, which is good.
14. Provide specific examples of how autonomous vehicles could transform the way people travel and experience destinations.
CAVs are argued to potentially eliminate up to 90 percent of traffic accidents, by reducing driver error. This is significant in tourism contexts, particularly where new driving rules, driving direction (e.g. left/right), unfamiliar environments and tiredness from travel can all contribute to collisions involving tourists. Traffic congestion may be reduced, due to fewer accidents, but also because fewer CAVs would be required to meet mobility demands as compared to human-driven cars. Provides accessibility for non-drivers, who may for instance be elderly, disabled or children. Opportunities for brands, such as hotel chains, to create new channels for guest engagement. A top-end hotel chain may do a deal with a Jaguar autonomous car, for example. You get a high end experience and high-end vehicles, and it all acts as a kind of singular brand experience, which is good. -the have more opportunities to see new places w out needing a person driving them
7. When is the adoption of RAISA (robots, artificial intelligence, service automation) beneficial to the company? Please explain each factor in your own words.
Company characteristics / culture - travel, tourism and hospitality companies should not adopt RAISA at any costs or because it is trendy. For many of them, RAISA will not be suitable. Small family hotels, for example, with 15-20 rooms, do not need a robot to deliver the room service orders, nor a kiosk for automated self-check-in/out. Relative labor and technology costs, relative labor and RAISA productivity - when RAISA productivity per dollar is higher than the labor productivity per dollar, companies will be more willing to use RAISA, instead of human employees. Degree of technological complexity / Technological characteristics of RAISA solutions - the ease of use is a fundamental factor that influences the adoption of any technology by users Customers' readiness and willingness to be served by a robot
6. Please list and explain the nonfinancial benefits of robots for tourism and hospitality industry. CCS
Enhance the perceived service quality through new attractive and interactive ways of service delivery, communicating and engaging with customers Communicate in different languages Create value for the customers by making the service delivery process funny and entertaining Save employees' time from performing tedious and repetitive tasks, which they could use for other more creative and revenue generating activities Create positive word-of-mouth due to its image of an innovative high-tech company Solve some of the problems with hiring and firing of employees, especially the seasonal ones. The legal treatment of labor contracts and the potential lawsuits that may arise from terminating a labor contract are one of the drivers of adoption of robots by companies. For example, a company can rent/purchase robots/kiosks when needed and terminate the contract with the supplier much easier than it can terminate a labor contract.
1. What are the two main types of robots? Explain each of them with examples.
Industrial robots are used for performing industrial tasks, such as welding, palletizing, and other related tasks in manufacturing and production. Service robots are designed to support and service humans through physical and social interactions -Professional service robots (the ones employed by companies) -Personal service robots (the ones used by individuals for non-commercial tasks)
5. List the financial benefits of robots for tourism and hospitality industry? Please explain each of them. LEC
Labor costs savings: Service robots, chatbots and selfservice kiosks can operate 24/7, much more than the usual 40 hour work week of human employees. Furthermore, chatbots can serve numerous customers simultaneously, which is not the norm with human employees. Contribute positively to sales: For example, hotel guests might order room service because they (or their children!) would like to see the robot delivering the food and drinks, especially in the early stages of the adoption of the technology as it would be a novelty. Moreover, considering the 24/7 availability of a robot, more orders could be implemented than with human employees only. Enhancing the employees: For example, a robot delivering the room service orders will not necessarily replace the staff dealing with room service in hotel's F&B department. On the contrary, the robot will save the staff time by relieving them from the physical delivery of the orders. This will allow the room service staff to take more orders and implement them in a timelier manner, thus generating additional revenue from auxiliary services.
Explain how loyalty programs can be run on Blockchain? What would be the advantage of having them on Blockchain?
Loyalty programs on blockchain: When a blockchain based loyalty program is created loyalty tokens are issued as rewards to guests similar to loyalty points. Moreover, these tokens can be sold or exchanged between others (Dogru et al., 2018). In this case loyalty tokens of different companies can have different values as well. As a result, this type of loyalty programs can also increase competition and service quality (Dogru et al., 2018). For instance, Loyyal (loyal.com) is a company that is created for this purpose, which aims to also solve the problem of accumulating enough points for customers so that they can use the points in any organization that is part of the blockchain.
2. Why did Henna hotel have to fire its robots?
Opened in 2015 with a staff of robots, has cut its robotic workforce (more than half) after the experience failed to reduce costs or workload for its employees. The "firing" comes after complaints from both staff and customers. Apparently, a large percentage of the robots were more adept at creating work for their human counterparts than they were at reducing it. Guests complained their robot room assistants thought snoring sounds were commands and would wake them up repeatedly during the night. The robot at the front desk could not answer basic questions. Human staff ended up working overtime to repair robots that stopped working -Made more work for employees and increased costs -Staff and customers complained alot - did not reduce work -Thought snoring were commands and would wake them up in the night -Couldnt answer basic questions- humans worked overtime bc of this
Explain 3 different types of economic consensus rules of Blockchain.
Proof of Work (PoW): The Bitcoin blockchain uses electricity to ensure the security of the system. It creates an economic system where you can only participate by incurring costs - Proof of Work (PoW). You do that for the possibility of reward - in this case, Bitcoin tokens. If you spend money, and you play fair by the rules, you get money back. If you cheat, you lose money. The consensus rules are designed in a way that it doesn't pay to cheat. This simple game theoretical equilibrium is the core of the Bitcoin consensus algorithm. Currently, the majority of Altcoins are software forks of the Bitcoin protocol with usually minor changes to the proof of work (PoW) algorithm of the Bitcoin blockchain. Some people argue that Bitcoin's current consensus system is more a Delegated PoW and not a pure PoW as designed by Satoshi, since most miners have formed cartels in form of mining pools. Proof of Stake (PoS): is an alternative method by which a cryptocurrency blockchain network aims to achieve distributed consensus. While the proof-of-work (PoW) method asks users to repeatedly run hashing algorithms or other client puzzles, to validate electronic transactions, proof-ofstake asks users to prove ownership of a certain amount of currency (their "stake" in the currency). • In the case of Bitcoin, with Proof of Stake, the resource that's compared is the amount of Bitcoin a miner holds - someone holding 1% of the Bitcoin can mine 1% of the "Proof of Stake blocks". Delegated Proof of Stake: DPoS uses a reputation system and real-time voting to achieve consensus. To be more specific, a panel of trusted parties has to be established, with all of its members eligible to create blocks and prevent non-trusted parties from participating. Delegates, the parties responsible for creating blocks, are unable to chang
What are the cryptocurrency regulations in the U.S?
The U.S. announced a new framework in 2022 that opened the door to further regulation. The new directive has handed power to existing market regulators such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). The SEC has already moved toward regulating the sector with its widely publicized lawsuit against Ripple, alleging that it raised more than $1.3 billion by selling its native token, XRP, in unregistered securities transactions. More recently, the SEC has been targeting exchanges and companies such as Coinbase (COIN) and Binance (BNB) over their crypto products. The Biden administration's new framework also sees "significant benefits" from creating a central bank digital currency (CBDC) or a digital form of the U.S. dollar.
4. Please explain Uncanny Valley Theory (Mori, 1970)?
This theory posits that as robots become more human-like, i.e. anthropomorphic, acceptance increases up to a point and then this acceptance falls markedly as consumers perceive the robot as bizarre, weird or creepy. This descent into eeriness is known as the uncanny valley. Acceptance grows again as robots become almost lifelike. -Basically means, the more human-like a robot is, the creepier it is. It will be accepted to a point until it is way too human-like that it comes off as creepy or eerie.
9. Chatbots have become increasingly prevalent in customer service interactions. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing chatbots for customer service, and evaluate the scenarios where chatbots are most effective and where human interaction is still essential. When discussing the advantages and disadvantages, provide specific examples to illustrate your points. Additionally, consider the ethical implications of using chatbots in customer service, such as the potential for data privacy concerns and the impact on employment opportunities.
advantages: chatbots can help labor cost savings by having self service kiosks that operate 24/7 and can serve multiple customers simultaneously good for delivering room service disadvantages: can be unpredictable, inaccurate, and biased outputs, not good when dealing with an issue that a customer is facing lets say, they cant be empathetic
