NUR 1275 Immunology Prep U Questions

Which of the following indicates that a client with HIV has developed AIDS? A. Severe fatigue at night B. Pain on standing and walking C. Weight loss of 10 lb over 3 months D. Herpes simplex ulcer persisting for 2 months

D. Herpes simplex ulcer persisting for 2 months

A client with rheumatoid arthritis wants to participate in water aerobics classes for arthritis at the community center. Which statement will the nurse respond to this client? A. "Don't go if your joints are inflamed." B. "Be sure to wear nonslip footwear for safety." C. "That's not the best activity for misaligned joints." D. "Have someone check your blood pressure before exercising."

B. "Be sure to wear nonslip footwear for safety."

Azathioprine (Imuran) has been prescribed for the client with severe rheumatoid arthritis. The dose prescribed is 2 mg/kg/day orally in two divided doses. The medication available is a 50-mg scored tablet. The client weighs 110 pounds. How many milligrams will the nurse prepare per dose for the client?

50 The client weighs 50 kg (110 lbs/2.2 lbs per kg). The client will receive 100 milligrams per day (50 kg x 2 milligrams/kg). The medication is to be given in two divided doses or 50 mg per dose.

A client is undergoing diagnostic testing to determine the etiology of recent joint pain. The client asks the nurse about the difference between osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). What is the best response by the nurse? A. "OA is considered a noninflammatory joint disease. RA is characterized by inflamed, swollen joints." B. "OA and RA are very similar. OA affects the smaller joints such as the fingers, and RA affects the larger, weight-bearing joints like the knees." C. "OA originates with an infection. RA is a result of your body's cells attacking one another." D. "OA is associated with impaired immune function; RA is a consequence of physical damage."

A. "OA is considered a noninflammatory joint disease. RA is characterized by inflamed, swollen joints."

The nurse is providing care for a client who has experienced a type I hypersensitivity reaction. Which client would have this type of reaction? A. A client with an anaphylactic reaction after a bee sting B. A client with a skin reaction resulting from adhesive tape C. A client with a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis D. A client with rheumatoid arthritis

A. A client with an anaphylactic reaction after a bee sting

A client with HIV infection has begun experiencing severe diarrhea. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to help alleviate the diarrhea? A. Administer antidiarrheal medications on a scheduled basis, as prescribed. B. Encourage the client to eat three balanced meals and a snack at bedtime. C. Increase the client's oral fluid intake. D. Encourage the client to increase his or her activity level.

A. Administer antidiarrheal medications on a scheduled basis, as prescribed.

The nurse is creating a plan to assist an older adult to manage rheumatoid arthritis. Which areas will the nurse include in this plan? Select all that apply. A. Exercise B. Medication C. Financial assistance D. Psychological support E. Modification of daily activities

A. Exercise B. Medication E. Modification of daily activities

A client's decreased mobility has been attributed to an autoimmune reaction originating in the synovial tissue, which caused the formation of pannus. This client has been diagnosed with which health problem? A. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) B. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) C. Osteoporosis D. Polymyositis

A. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

The nurse is performing discharge teaching for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. What teachings are priorities for the client? Select all that apply. A. Safe exercise B. Narcotic safety C. Medication dosages and side effects D. Dressing changes E. Assistive devices

A. Safe exercise C. Medication dosages and side effects E. Assistive devices

Which of the following disorders is characterized by an increased autoantibody production? A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) B. Scleroderma C. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) D. Polymyalgia rheumatic

A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Which drug is not used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis? A. allopurinol B. etanercept C. adalimumab D. methotrexate

A. allopurinol

A client with rheumatoid arthritis has experienced increasing pain and progressing inflammation of the hands and feet. What would be the expected goal of the likely prescribed treatment regimen? A. minimizing damage B. eradicating pain C. eliminating deformities D. promoting sleep

A. minimizing damage

A client with rheumatoid arthritis arrives at the clinic for a checkup. Which statement by the client refers to the most overt clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis? A. "My legs feel weak." B. "My finger joints are oddly shaped." C. "I have pain in my hands." D. "I have trouble with my balance."

B. "My finger joints are oddly shaped."

A client is experiencing an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis. What should the nursing priority be? A. Providing comprehensive client teaching; including symptoms of the disorder, treatment options, and expected outcomes B. Administering ordered analgesics and monitoring their effects C. Performing meticulous skin care D. Supplying adaptive devices, such as a zipper-pull, easy-to-open beverage cartons, lightweight cups, and unpackaged silverware

B. Administering ordered analgesics and monitoring their effects

The nurse is preparing to educate a client with rheumatoid arthritis on long-term effects of prednisone therapy. Which topic will the nurse include in the teaching? A. Report weight gain to your health care provider immediately. B. Eat a lower calorie diet to manage weight gain. C. Decrease food intake to two meals per day. D. Make sure to fast for at least 12 hours per day

B. Eat a lower calorie diet to manage weight gain.

Which condition is an early manifestation of HIV encephalopathy? A. Hyperreflexia B. Headache C. Vacant stare D. Hallucinations

B. Headache

What test will the nurse assess to determine the client's response to antiretroviral therapy? A. Western blotting B. Viral load C. Enzyme immunoassay D. Complete blood count

B. Viral load

The lower the client's viral load, A. the shorter the time to AIDS diagnosis. B. the longer the survival time. C. the shorter the survival time. D. the longer the time immunity.

B. the longer the survival time.

The nurse is caring for a client with rheumatoid arthritis who suffers with chronic pain in the hands. When would be the best time for the nurse to perform range-of-motion exercises? A. First thing in the morning when the client wakes B. After cool compresses have been applied to the hands C. After the client has had a warm paraffin hand bath D. After the client has a diagnostic test

C. After the client has had a warm paraffin hand bath

A client with rheumatoid arthritis comes into the clinic for a routine check-up. On assessment the nurse notes that the client appears to have lost some ability to function since the last office visit. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? A. Arrange a family meeting in order to explore assisted living options. B. Refer the client to a support group. C. Arrange for the client to be assessed in the home environment. D. Refer the client to social work.

C. Arrange for the client to be assessed in the home environment.

The nurse is reviewing the diagnostic test findings of a client with rheumatoid arthritis. What would the nurse expect to find? A. Increased red blood cell count B. Increased C4 complement C. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate D. Increased albumin levels

C. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A client underwent an antibody test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as part of a screening process and has just been told that the results were positive. Which anticipatory guidance regarding the next step should the nurse provide to the client? A. The client will be started on fluoxetine in 1 month. B. Antiretroviral therapy will begin within 3 months. C. Follow-up testing will be promptly performed to confirm the result. D. The client will be monitored for signs and symptoms of HIV to determine the need for treatment.

C. Follow-up testing will be promptly performed to confirm the result.

Which characteristic has NOT been implicated as a factor for noncompliance with antiretroviral treatment? A. Active substance abuse B. Depression C. Past substance abuse D. Lack of social support

C. Past substance abuse

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complexes forming when antigens bind to antibodies? A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Type IV

C. Type III

The nurse is discussing life management with the client with rheumatoid arthritis in a health clinic. What assessment finding indicates the client is having difficulty implementing self-care? A. ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) B. decreased joint pain C. increased fatigue D. a weight gain of 2 pounds

C. increased fatigue

An older adult with rheumatoid arthritis says exercise was not effective. Which response will the nurse make to learn the reason for the failure of this treatment approach? A. "Does exercise usually work for you?" B. "Why do you think the exercise didn't work?" C. "Do you think you are too old to exercise?" D. "What types of exercise were you doing?"

D. "What types of exercise were you doing?"

A community health nurse is performing a visit to the home of a client who has a history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). On which aspect of the client's health should the nurse focus most closely during the visit? A. Understanding of rheumatoid arthritis B. Risk for cardiopulmonary complications C. Social support system D. Functional status

D. Functional status

A client who has been diagnosed with osteoarthritis asks if he or she will eventually begin to notice deformities in the hands and fingers as the condition progresses. Which concept should the nurse include in the response? A. A small percentage of osteoarthritis sufferers do eventually develop hand and arm deformities. B. It's impossible to determine at the time of diagnosis how the disease will progress. C. The client should discuss this concern with the health care provider. D. Hand and finger deformities are associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis.

D. Hand and finger deformities are associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis.

A client's rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has failed to respond appreciably to first-line treatments and the primary provider has added prednisone to the client's drug regimen. What principle will guide this aspect of the client's treatment? A. The client will need daily blood testing for the duration of treatment. B. The client must stop all other drugs 72 hours before starting prednisone. C. The drug should be used at the highest dose the client can tolerate. D. The drug should be used for as short a time as possible.

D. The drug should be used for as short a time as possible.

A client develops contact dermatitis in response to adhesive tape used to secure a dressing. The nurse interprets this reaction as an example of which type of hypersensitivity? A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Type IV

D. Type IV

A client asks the nurse how to identify rheumatoid nodules with rheumatoid arthritis. What characteristic will the nurse include? A. tender to the touch B. reddened C. nonmovable D. located over bony prominence

D. located over bony prominence