Nur 164 Exam 1
clinical model
A model of health, wellness, and illness that narrowly defines health as the absence of disease
Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice?
ANA
An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation?
Chronic illness
Adaptation Theory
adjustment of living matter to other living things and environment (internal-self, social-others, physical-biochemical reactions)
Qualitative
based on beliefs that reality is based on perceptions that differ from person to person
Quantitative
basic and applied research
The roles and functions of the nurse include
caregiver, communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, and advocate.
A long-term care facility is seeking an advanced practice nurse to educate the staff about palliative care for the residents. The facility would benefit most by hiring which advanced practice nurse?
clinical nurse specialist
A nurse is planning to pursue further education in the hopes of becoming an expert in care of older adults who carries out direct care. For which expanded career role is the nurse preparing?
clinical nurse specialist
Four Blended Competencies
cognitive, technical, interpersonal, ethical/legal
mortality
death rate from disease
Nursing Theory
describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice
holistic model
encompasses the physiological, mental, emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental aspects of health
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?
evaluating practice change
Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice?
evidence-based research
deductive reasoning
examines general ideas and considers specific actions or ideas
morbidity
frequency that a disease occurs
One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to:
generate knowledge to guide practice.
Exacerbations of illnesses are often related to
how poorly the immune system is functioning, the stressors the client is facing and overall health status (e.g., nutrition, sleep, hydration).
Remission is the opposite and usually indicates
how well the immune system is acting, how well the client is handling stressors, and his or her overall health status.
In the role of entrepreneur, the nurse's primary responsibility is:
managing a health-related business
Traditional Knowledge
passed down from generation to generation
disease
pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind
The disease is a
pathological process that can result from the infection.
Immunizations are an example of which health promotion?
primary health promotion
Educating about safe-sex practices and teaching about nutritious food choices are examples of
primary-level activities
evidence-based practice
problem solving approach to making clinical decisions using the best evidence available
Nursing research expands knowledge to learn improved ways to
promote and maintain health.
The four broad aims of nursing practice are to
promote health, prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with death and/or disability
primary
promoting health, preventing disease processes
acute illness
rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
preventing illness
reduce the risk of illness by avoiding or achieving early detection of illness or to maintain function within the constraints of an illness.
Tertiary prevention in health care deals with
rehabilitation of the client.
Secondary prevention refers to
screening and early detection of disease.
secondary
screening for early detection of disease with diagnosis and treatment
Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of health care?
secondary care
The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time?
world war II
Tertiary health promotion and illness prevention begin when?
after an illness is diagnosed and treated, with the goal of reducing disability and helping rehabilitate the client to a maximum level of functioning.
Which social force has most significantly impacted the future supply and demand of nurses?
aging
Authorative knowledge
comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based on the person's perceived expertise
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is the health responsibility of the family. Providing educational, health care, and recreational services is the responsibility of the
community.
health belief model
Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness.
When admitting an adolescent to the hospital, the nurse anticipates that the client will respond to questions about their health beliefs based primarily on the basis of what factors?
Age and developmental stage
chronic illness
slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of care or support; examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
Dorothea Orem's theory
the role of the nurse is to facilitate self-care to sustain life and health, to recover from disease or injury, or to cope with its effects
General Systems Theory
theory for universal application; break whole things into parts to see how they work together in systems
nonmodifiable risk factors
things that cannot be changed, such as a family history of cancer
modifiable risk factors
things a person can change, such as quitting smoking
A new graduate nurse asks a nurse manager working at the community health center, "I've heard people talk about community health nursing and community-based nursing. Is there a difference?" Which response by the nurse manager would be appropriate?
"Community health nursing involves care for entire populations whereas community-based nursing focuses on individuals and families in that population."
self-esteem needs
The need for a person to feel good about oneself, to feel pride and a sense of accomplishment 4th in priority
The new nursing graduate is concerned about some of the critical changes that will be occurring in nursing. What changes does the nurse anticipate will impact nursing care?
Difficulty for nurses to remain current in a rapidly changing medical and technology environment
A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of:
Erikson
The nurse is caring for a client who ascribes to the theory of animism. When attempting to explain this theory to other staff members, the nurse should state:
Everything in nature is alive with invisible forces
Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice?
Evidence-based research
Promoting Health
Identifying, analyzing, and maximizing each patient's individual strengths as components of preventing illness, restoring health, and facilitating coping with disability or death
A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact regarding acquiring funding?
National Institute of Nursing Research
A nurse is thinking about pursuing a master's degree in nursing (MSN) and is reviewing information about various programs. What would the nurse expect to find about such programs?
Nurses pursuing such programs require solid scholastic abilities.
Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice?
Nursing Theory
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
A client asks an RN to prescribe a medication for pain. What is the best answer by the nurse?
Only advanced practice registered nurses have prescriptive authority
PICO format
Patient, Intervention or treatment of interest, Comparison of intervention, Outcome
ICN
Promotion of health, prevention of illness, collaborative care
wellness
active state of being healthy
agent
any factor that leads to illness
theoretical framework is likened to an
architectural blueprint
inductive reasoning
builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general ideas
Duvall (1985) identified
critical family developmental tasks and stages in a family life cycle, based on Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, states that all families have certain basic tasks for survival and continuity, as well as specific tasks related to developmental stages throughout the life of the family.
Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing included the recognition of the importance of nutrition to
health
high-level wellness model
health is an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning
The primary aim of the Healthy People 2020 initiative is
health promotion
Primary prevention refers to
health promotion or illness prevention.
The client is the ________ of the infection.
host
Friedman's theory
identified the importance of family-centered nursing care, based on four rationales.
lack of fulfillment results in
illness
physiologic needs
need for oxygen, food, water, temperature, elimination, sexuality, activity, and rest; these needs have the highest priority and are essential for survival
self-actualization needs
need to live up to our fullest and unique potential
Developmental Theory
orderly and predictable growth and development from conception to death. (maturation of humans through stages.)
safety and security needs
person's need to be protected from actual or potential harm 2nd in priority
Communication is essential for interaction with others and is an example of which dimension?
sociocultural dimension.
Reaction formation involves acting
the opposite of one's true feelings
through socialization the family teaches;
transmits beliefs, values, attitudes, and coping mechanisms; provides feedback; and guides problem solving. Incorporating religious beliefs, values, and attitudes is an example of socialization.
love and belonging needs
understanding and acceptance of others in giving and receiving love 3rd in priority
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:
use of outcome studies to guide decisions
QSEN competencies
1. Patient-centered care 2. Teamwork and collaboration 3. Evidence-based practice 4. Quality improvement 5. Safety 6. Informatics
Four Aims of Nursing
1. promote health 2. prevent illness 3. restore health 4. facilitate coping w/disability or death
In what time period did nursing care as we know it begin?
18th to 19th century
During the course of any given day of work in the acute care setting, the nurse may need to perform which roles?
Communicator Counselor Teacher
Which are goals of nursing theory?
Provide knowledge and a rationale for client interventions Provide a rationale for appropriate nursing actions in a given situation Identify and define concepts that are important to nursing Increase the nursing body of knowledge
A nurse researcher is planning to test the effect of a breathing exercise on older adults' stamina. What type of research study should the nurse conduct?
Quantitative Research
scientific knowledge
Source of knowledge that is based on experimentation and research
Stages of Illness Behavior
Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms Stage 2: Assuming the sick role Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
The second step in implementation of evidence-based practice includes systematic review. To complete a systematic review of the literature, what must the nurse do?
Summarize findings from multiple studies that are related to a particular nursing practice.
A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which is true regarding nurse researchers?
They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing.
What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for?
To help health care providers understand health-related behaviors.
The registered nurse is performing a nutritional assessment to ensure that the client's diet is optimal for wound healing. The nurse's intervention can be traced back to which key contributor to nursing?
Florence Nightingale
Why are nursing organizations important for the continued development and improvement of nursing as a whole?
To set standards for nursing education and practice
The intellectual dimension encompasses
cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences. These factors influence responses to teaching about health and reactions to nursing care during illness.
The National League for Nursing is a national organization for
faculty nurses and leaders in nurse education
illness
response of the person to a disease
The National Council of State Boards of Nursing have the nurse practice acts which define
state specific guidelines for nurses to practice
What was considered the center of medical care?
temples
The theory of animism attempts to explain
the cause of mysterious changes in bodily functions. This theory is based on the belief that everything in nature is alive with invisible forces and endowed with power
Achieving high-level wellness first requires first
the choice to assume responsibility for the quality of one's life.
remission
the disease is present but the client does not experience symptoms
The environment is setting in which
the infection occurs.
The science of nursing is
the knowledge base for the care that is given
Dorothea Dix was a pioneer for reform of treatment for
the mentally ill
Collaboration
the registered nurse collaborates with the client, family, and others in the conduct of nursing practice.
Evaluation states
the registered nurse evaluates progress toward attainment of outcomes.
The art of nursing is
the skilled application of that knowledge to help others reach maximum health and quality of life
A nurse is implementing secondary-level interventions for a group of hospitalized clients. With which activity(ies) would the nurse be involved?
Administering medications Providing wound care The goals of secondary preventive care are to identify an illness, reverse or reduce its severity, or provide a cure, and thereby return the person to maximum health as quickly as possible.