NUR 3405 Quiz 1 Questions
A nurse reviews a PICO question in a report. Based on the nurse's knowledge of this method, what would represent the "P" in PICO?
34 parents of premature infants
A nurse cites an article titled, "A Nurse Should Always Care: A Compassion Road Map." Which article title is formatted correctly, using APA style, in a reference list at the end of the article?
A nurse should always care: A compassion road map
A nurse visits the local health care library and reviews literature related to cessation of smoking. Which publication would be considered the most scholarly?
A qualitative study published in The Journal of Nursing Research.
In APA style, a bibliography is a listing of all sources cited within a document and listed alphabetically by the author's last name.True or False.
False
Peer reviewers are told the name of the author and the author's affiliation. True or False
False
The last major transgression of ethical principles in the conduct of research occurred in the experiments conducted by the Nazis.
False
The nurse is always the leader of an evidence-based practice team. True or False.
False
Which of the following are examples of research misconduct? (Select all that apply.)
Falsification, Plagiarism, Fabrication
One way the nurse remembers research information is with acronyms. Which acronym represents the four main sections of a research report in the correct order?
IMRD
When research study participants have adequate information about the study, understand the information, and can consent or decline to participate in the study, this is referred to as:
Informed consent
A risk that is expected to be no greater than those ordinarily encountered in daily life is considered to be what type of risk?
Minimal Risk
The right of research study participants to be free from harm and discomfort includes physical harm as well as psychological harm. True or False.
True
A nurse performed a literature review on client satisfaction and found that The Institute for Caring in Healthcare released an article that covers the research topic. The nurse is unable to find an author for the article. How should the article be cited in APA style?
Type "The Institute for Caring in Healthcare" where the author's name should be.
Which of the following are included in the four domains that guide interprofessional collaborative practice?
Values and ethics
When critiquing the methods section of a research article, which questions are appropriate to determine the merits and limitations of that section? (Select all that apply.)
Was the most rigorous possible design used?, Was the number of data collection point appropriate?, Was the population identified and described?
A nurse researcher enters a numerical code on the data sheet for each participant completing a questionnaire. No other identifying information is listed on the questionnaire. This is an example of the human rights protection of:
anonymity
The variables signifying standard or usual care would be included in which PICOT component?
comparison
The variables that represent the end result of the intervention being tested (results such as wound healing or improved mobilization) would be included in which PICOT component?
outcome
Using the PICOT format for developing a clinical question, the letter "P" represents which component of the question?
population
Which type of evidence based on the evidence hierarchy is considered to be the strongest?
systematic review
A nurse summarizes the pattern of levels of evidence for practice. Which type of report would likely contain the strongest evidence?
systematic review of quantitative studies
A nurse learns how to write PICOT questions. When writing these clinical questions, what component is not always specified?
time
Study participant's right to privacy is protected through
Confidentiality procedures
An institutional review board reviews the scientific merits of completed research.
False
When reviewing a journal article on pain, which statement would indicate to the nurse that it was taken from the Results section of a study?
"Average pain score of the control group was 5.5 on a scale of 10."
A nurse learns about asking clinical questions in a standard format. Rank order these terms to match the standard EBP acronym.
1)Population 2)Intervention 3)Comparison 4)Outcome 5)Time
The nurse determines the strength of evidence for application to practice based on study design. Rank order these types of reports based on the hierarchy of evidence.
1)Systematic review of all relevant RCTs 2)Evidence obtained from well-designed RCTs 3)Evidence from controlled trials without randomization 4)Evidence from single descriptive studies 5)Evidence from the opinion of experts
When searching databases for evidence from research studies, which section of the research article can be used to judge whether to read to full report?
Abstract
What is the purpose of a reference list in APA?
Allows the author to give credit to others whose work was used in writing the paper, Provides information for the reader to be able to retrieve articles used in the paper
Which of the following examples do not require IRB approval?
An evidence-based project
A researcher sends out a questionnaire over the Internet and tells people not to put identifying information in their responses. Which human subject protection procedure is being demonstrated?
Anonymity
A nurse searches for a place to publish articles. What is true of a peer-reviewed journal?
Articles are evaluated by a panel of experts before being accepted for publication.
The reference section of a research study includes all of the following. (Select all that apply.)
Articles referenced in the study, Books referenced in the study
When addressing highly emotional issues, a nurse researcher uses interview strategies to minimize subjects' anxiety. Which ethical principle does this most clearly represent?
Beneficence
Which of the following is an ethical principle for protecting human research subjects?
Beneficence
A nurse cites the title of a journal. Which journal name is formatted correctly, using APA style, in a reference list at the end of the article?
Care Compassion Journal
Which database contains a collection of systematic reviews that can be used to answer clinical questions?
Cochrane Collection Database
Which of the following are research activities in which all nurses can engage? (Select all that apply)
Collect research information, Help develop an idea for a research study, Offer information to patients about the research study
Which of the following statements is true regarding the discussion section of a research study?
Conclusions are presented about the meaning of the study.
Which of the references listed below represents correct APA format for a journal article?
Cook, C. (2012). Email interviewing: Generating data with a vulnerable population. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(6), 1330-1339.
A researcher meets with participants after data have been collected to tell them more about the study and ask if they have questions or concerns. Which human subject protection procedure is being demonstrated?
Debriefing
What are the main sections of a research report in the IRMAD format? (Select all that apply.)
Discussion, Introduction, Method, Results
The nurse links the research process with the research report. The actual publication of a journal article signifies which step of the research process?
Dissemination
What may be included in the Method section of a qualitative study?
Efforts to enhance the integrity of the study
An Institutional Review Board (IRB) reviewed a study on hypertension in adults. Only Caucasian participants were included as study subjects. Which IRB safeguard was violated by this study?
Ensuring subject selection is fair
The ethical principle of justice includes research participant's right to:
Fair treatment
The significance of the study findings is found in which section of the research study?
Findings
When studying ethics in research, the nurse learns about researcher responsibilities. What is an example of researcher misconduct?
Ignoring data outliers and changing final results
Which of the following research questions represents correct use of the PICOT format for a clinical question?
In patients older than the age of 65 years, how does immunization with influenza vaccine compared with no immunization with flu vaccine influence the possibility of contracting influenza during flu season?
A nurse practices writing PICO questions. Which question is written following the PICO format?
In school-age children, is PCA (patient-controlled analgesia) more effective than intermittent medication to control pain?
A researcher tells people their participation in a study is purely voluntary, and they can withdraw at any time. Which human subject protection procedure is being demonstrated?
Informed consent
Which of the following elements would be found in the discussion section of a research article? (Select all that apply.)
Interpretation of results, Clinical and research implications, Study limitations
A nurse is concerned that some staff nurses are not adequately charting their assigned clients because they lack computer skills. As the nurse differentiates between the four core competencies, this issues would fall into which competency?
Interprofessional communication practices
Why do nurse researchers find the PICO method of framing a clinical question effective?
It ensures the literature search is more effective
A nurse researcher wants to study how adults cope with chronic illness. Which individual would be considered part of a vulnerable population, and should receive additional protection if included in a research study?
John, ulcerative colitis, hospitalized in the ICU with GI bleeding
As a member of an institutional review board, a nurse researcher uses the Belmont Report as a guide. What are the three primary ethical principles addressed by the Belmont Report? (Select all that apply.)
Justice, Beneficence, Respect for human dignity
A nurse is learning about the peer-review process. Which individual would be considered a peer-reviewer?
Researchers or experts in the field
A nurse reviews the core competencies for interprofessional collaborative practice. Which example reflects the competency of "Values/Ethics for Interprofessional Practice"?
Maintain a climate of mutual respect.
Which of the following two resources would provide the highest level of evidence to support practice? -Meta Analysis -A report from a colleague -A single randomized controlled trial -Systematic Review
Meta analysis and systematic review
The nurse differentiates between types of systematic reviews. Which type includes only qualitative studies?
Meta synthesis
The nurse skims the journal article to find information on the sample used in the study. In which section of the report would the sampling plan appear?
Methods
When reading a study in a journal, which components of the research report would the nurse looking for? (Select all that apply.)
Methods, Introduction
The nurse studies historic ethical violations in research, including the Nazi medical experiments conducted during World War II. Which ethical document was written as a result of these experiments?
Nuremburg Code
What factors can make reading a research report difficult to some readers? (Select all that apply.)
Objectivity, Compactness, Jargon, Statistical information
Research articles may be difficult to read because of the amount of information compressed into a relatively small space.
TRUE
Which of the following is an appropriate method for nurses to use in developing a suitable research question for a clinical problem?
PICO method
The variables of "hospitalized adults with diabetes, infants with feeding problems, and immunocompromised adults" would be included in which PICOT component?
Population
A nurse researcher is designing a consent form. Which content is necessary to include in informed consent?
Potential risks and benefits
Which of the following are considered to be vulnerable populations? (Select all that apply.)
Pregnant women, Children, Severely ill patients
A nurse wants to become more involved in the research process. What does it mean to be a consumer of nursing research?
Take time to read and critique research reports.
A nurse studying research and human rights protection reviewed the Tuskegee syphilis study and Nazi war crimes. These horrific research studies violated which human rights? (Select all that apply.)
Protection from discomfort and harm, Privacy and dignity, Self-determination, Fair treatment
Which statement is an example of a goal of nursing research?
Provide evidence based nursing practice
The role of the peer reviewer is to:
Provide feedback to the journal editors about the merits of the study
Meta synthesis is defined as the critical appraisal of what type of research?
Qualitative
A nurse researcher develops an informed consent form, revealing study risks and benefits. Which ethical principle is most closely linked to informed consent?
Respect for human dignity
In order to effectively answer a clinical research question, the nurse must:
Read and understand research reports
When critically evaluating research, it is important to objectively assess the:
Research method
A nurse learns about improving care through evidence-based practice (EBP). What are the essential components of EBP? (Select all that apply.)
Research studies, Client preferences, Clinician expertise
The nurse is functioning in what role when he uses systematic inquiry to develop evidence about issues of importance to nurses and their patients?
Researcher
The nurse questions, "What is meant by a blind review?" Which statement best answers this question?
Reviewers are not told the name or affiliation of the authors.
When submitting a study to the Institutional Review Board (IRB), a nurse researcher knows that the IRB will perform which function? (Select all that apply.)
Risk-benefit assessment, Review of consent form, Protection of human subjects
A nurse participates on an interprofessional team to implement EBP. Emphasizing which core competency would help different team members clearly understand what is expected of them?
Roles and responsibilities for collaborative practice
A nurse researcher gave the option for study participants to change their mind and withdraw from the study at any time. Which of the five human rights was being adhered to?
Self-determination
Characteristics of collaborative teamwork include: (Select all that apply.)
Shared accountability, Shared problem solving, Shared decision making
Peer reviewers evaluate manuscripts submitted to journals for: (Select all that apply.)
Style, Methodology, Significance of the problem, Ethical considerations
A research critique is an objective assessment of a study's strengths and limitations and includes recommendations for improving the study.
TRUE
An example of implied consent is when a person returns a completed questionnaire to the researcher.
TRUE
Peer reviewers of manuscripts submitted to a nursing research journal are usually nurse researchers.
TRUE
Religious leaders are considered to be part of the evidence-based practice team. True or False.
TRUE
What elements may be contained in the results section of a research study? (Select all that apply.)
The names of statistical tests used, The value of the calculated statistic, The statistical significance
The nurse locates a meta analysis study on a clinical topic. When evaluating the research question or hypothesis for the individual studies, what characteristic is to be expected?
The questions or hypothesis across studies should be essentially identical.
The introduction section of a research study describes which of the following components?
Theoretical or conceptual framework
The nurse examines characteristics of systematic reviews. Which quality would always be part of systematic reviews?
They are developed through standard sampling and data procedures.
A nurse researcher is interested in developing an answerable question to solve a clinical problem and improve patient care. The first step is developing background and foreground questions. Which of the following is a characteristic of a background question?
They are foundational questions about a clinical issue.
As a nurse learns more about being a consumer of research, questions about application arise. What is the value of being a consumer of research?
To enhance nursing practice
The nurse appreciates the importance of interprofessional competencies. What is the ultimate goal of interprofessional practice?
To ensure community and population oriented / client and family-centered care.
When learning about research and publication, the nursing student gains a better understanding of the value of APA style. What is the purpose of formatting published references in APA style?
To ensure uniformity in published reports
When learning about reference citations, the nurse studies the digital object identifier (DOI). What is the purpose of a DOI?
To permanently identify electronic documents
All research studies using human subjects must be approved by an institutional review board.
True
Assent refers to a child's agreement to participate in a research study. True or False
True
There are strategies to make reading research articles easier. What are some helpful tips for reading research articles? (Select all that apply.)
Write notes or questions in the margins., Translate jargon into words you understand., Read articles frequently., Read articles slowly.
The nurse learns to identify qualities of refereed publications. What are characteristics of a peer-reviewed journal? (Select all that apply.)
Written in technical language, Sources are clearly referenced, Author affiliation is provided
It is not necessary to include a citation and reference for a YouTube video because this is not considered to be a reference source.True or False
false
When using the PICOT format to develop a clinical question, a time frame must always be specified.
false
Why do you think it is important to learn APA?
gives original authors credit for their works, official style for behavioral and social sciences, communicates ideas in an orderly effective way, protects plagarism
Which section of a research study information about the study design, sample plan, and study procedures?
method
One advantage of meta analysis as an integration is:
objectivity
