NUR 345 FA 19 Sensory
A person is about to undergo cataract surgery and wants to know what activities can be done after the procedure. Which statement made by the patient indicates the need for further teaching? "I will avoid lifting heavy weights." "It is okay to perform activities such as cooking." "I will avoid driving for a few weeks after the surgery." "It is okay to perform simple exercises such as jogging."
"It is okay to perform simple exercises such as jogging." A patient who has undergone an eye surgery should not participate in activities such as jogging which involves sudden, jerky movements. These movements may increase intraocular pressure, thereby building up pressure on the eye. If the patient avoids lifting heavy weights, it will result in decreased intraocular pressure. A simple activity like cooking is suggested because it does not require forward bending and aggressive movements of the body. The patient should avoid driving until the vision is completely clear.
What instruction does the nurse provide to reduce a patient's manifestations of vertigo? "Use an ear mold hearing aid." "Listen to music when sleeping." "Stay in bed in a darkened room." "Restrict head motion and change positions slowly."
"Restrict head motion and change positions slowly." The patient should attempt to restrict head motion and change positions slowly. The patient must maintain adequate hydration, especially after vomiting. These strategies help to reduce manifestations until the cause of vertigo is identified. A patient with tinnitus is asked to use an ear mold hearing aid because they amplify sounds to drown out the tinnitus during the day. Listening to music when sleeping is a strategy often used by patients with tinnitus. The patient with labyrinthitis is asked to stay in bed in a darkened room until its manifestations are resolved. Manifestations in labyrinthitis include hearing loss, tinnitus, nystagmus to the affected side, and vertigo with nausea and vomiting.
What information about age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is accurate? Select all that apply. AMD leads to loss of central vision. Men are at higher risk for dry AMD than women. Dietary treatments can be used to cure dry AMD. Retinal cells become ischemic and necrotic in dry AMD. Dry AMD occurs because of an insidious occlusion of the capillaries in the retina.
AMD leads to loss of central vision. Retinal cells become ischemic and necrotic in dry AMD. Dry AMD occurs because of an insidious occlusion of the capillaries in the retina. Macular degeneration is the deterioration of the macula (the area of central vision) and can be age-related or exudative. Dry AMD is caused by the gradual blockage of retinal capillaries, allowing retinal cells in the macula to become ischemic and necrotic. Eventually, rod and cone photoreceptors die. According to the National Eye Institute, women are at higher risk for dry AMD than men. Dry AMD has no cure; dietary treatments can be used to slow the progression of the disease only.
Which condition is observed in a patient with cataracts? Increase in lens density Decrease in aqueous humor Increase in intraocular pressure Increase of water content in lens
Increase in lens density
Which condition is the most common cause of cataracts in a patient? Age Toxic agents Disease linked Traumatic events
Age With aging the lens steadily loses water, leading to loss of density, which is the most common cause of cataracts. Toxic agents, comorbid conditions, and traumatic events are not the most common causes of cataracts. Use of toxic agents such as corticosteroids and miotic agents can lead to development of cataracts. Diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypoparathyroidism are the associated diseases that can lead to the formation of a cataract. Traumatic events like penetrating injuries to eye, intraocular foreign bodies, and exposure to radiation may also lead to cataracts. None of these, however, are considered the most common causes of cataracts.
In what ways can trauma to the eardrum be prevented? Select all that apply. Avoid slapping over the ear. Avoid excessive nose blowing. Use ear plugs when swimming. Use ear candles to remove cerumen. Use cotton-tipped applicators to clean the ear.
Avoid slapping over the ear. Avoid excessive nose blowing. Slapping over the ear increases pressure in the ear canal and can tear the eardrum. Excessive nose blowing changes the pressure in the middle ear. High pressure damages the ossicles and can perforate the eardrum. The nose should be blown gently without occluding either nostril and with the mouth open. Ear plugs should be used when swimming to prevent external otitis, not trauma. The use of cotton-tipped applicators or ear candles to remove cerumen should be avoided to prevent trauma to the external canal.
Heredity Diabetes Hypertension Neovascular disorders
Heredity Heredity is a primary cause of glaucoma. Diabetes is the associated cause of glaucoma, but it is not the direct or primary cause of glaucoma. Hypertension is associated with glaucoma because the increased blood pressure affects the optic nerve as well. Neovascular disorders are the secondary cause for glaucoma.
What are causes of conductive hearing loss? Select all that apply. Diabetes mellitus Impaction of cerumen Presence of a foreign body Prolonged exposure to noise Ruptured tympanic membrane
Impaction of cerumen Presence of a foreign body Ruptured tympanic membrane Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound waves are blocked from contact with inner ear nerve fibers due to external ear or middle ear disorders. Some of the causes include cerumen impaction, presence of a foreign body in the external ear, and a ruptured tympanic membrane. Diabetes mellitus and prolonged exposure to noise damage the inner ear sensory nerve fibers leading to sensorineural hearing loss.
The nurse is teaching a patient with loss of sensation and movement in the lower extremities secondary to spinal cord injury about protecting skin integrity. Which daily prevention strategy does the nurse include in the patient's teaching plan? Eat a low-fat diet. Massage reddened areas. Complete a pressure map. Lift hips off the chair at least every hour.
Lift hips off the chair at least every hour. Lifting the hips off the chair at least every hour relieves pressure and can prevent pressure injuries. Eating a low-fat diet is not a daily prevention strategy for skin integrity. Reddened areas should never be massaged. Pressure mapping is not a daily activity and is not performed by the patient.
Which activity performed by the patient increases intraocular pressure? Lifting heavy objects Rubbing the eye constantly Exposing the eye to sunlight Wearing soft contact lenses during drug therapy
Lifting heavy objects Lifting heavy objects will increase intraocular pressure. Constant rubbing of the eye may lead to injury but does not increase intraocular pressure. Exposure to sunlight increases the risk of cataracts. Wearing soft contact lenses during drug therapy makes the eye more vulnerable to infections.
What information was used by the nurse to come to the conclusion that an older patient is at risk for errors in medication self-administration? Select all that apply. Lives alone Correct2 Deaf in the left ear Correct3 Takes medication every 4 hours 4 Has a daughter who is a physician Correct5 Uses two pharmacies for prescriptions
Lives alone Deaf in the left ear Takes medication every 4 hours Uses two pharmacies for prescriptions Criteria that may increase an older patient's risk for errors with self-medication include living alone, a sensory deficit such as deafness in one ear, taking medications more than once a day such as every 4 hours, and using more than one pharmacy for prescriptions. Having a daughter who is a physician will not increase an older patient's risk for errors with medication self-administration.
Which term defines the deterioration of the area of central vision? Retinal tear Retinal hole Retinal detachment Macular degeneration
Macular degeneration Macular degeneration is the deterioration of the macula (the area of central vision) and can be age-related or exudative. A retinal tear occurs when part of the retina separates from the outer layers of the eye. A retinal hole is a break in the retina. These holes can be caused by trauma or can occur with aging. The separation of the retina from the epithelium is usually referred to as retinal detachment.
What is a typical cause of sensorineural hearing loss? Prolonged exposure to noise Presence of cerumen in the ear Presence of a foreign body in the ear Perforation of the tympanic membrane
Prolonged exposure to noise Prolonged exposure to noise damages the hair cells of the cochlea, resulting in sensorineural hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when the inner ear sensory nerve fibers that lead to the cerebral cortex are damaged. Other causes of sensorineural hearing loss include acoustic neuroma, diabetes mellitus, and presbycusis. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound waves are blocked from contact with inner ear nerve fibers because of external ear or middle ear disorders. Presence of cerumen in the ear, perforation of the tympanic membrane, and presence of a foreign body in the ear are some of the causes of conductive hearing loss.
A patient has a purulent drainage in the inner canthus of the eye. Before examining the eye, what must the nurse do first? Put on gloves. Instill antibiotic drops. Administer a Snellen test. Obtain an informed consent.
Put on gloves. Gloves should be worn in the presence of drainage and should be put on before examining the eye. Administering a Snellen test or instilling antibiotic eyedrops is not the first thing that the nurse should do before examining the patient's eye. Obtaining informed consent is not necessary for an eye examination.
What is the best way to communicate with a patient who has a hearing impairment? Shout instructions. Avoid hand motions. Stand in front of the patient. Converse in a dimly lit quiet room
Stand in front of the patient. When communicating with a patient who has hearing impairment, it is best to stand in front of the patient which allows the patient to lip read and understand facial expressions. The patient must never be shouted at, because this increases the frequency of the sound and makes it difficult to understand. Appropriate hand motions can be used to convey thoughts faster. The conversation should be held in a brightly lit room and words should be spoken clearly and slowly.
