NUR257 Exam 1

The nursing instructor is discussing hypersensitivity responses with a clinical group. What allergic reaction(s) would the nursing instructor talk about? Select all that apply. Unmediated Cytotoxic Immune complex Atopic Typical

Cytotoxic Atopic Immune complex

The nurse is assessing a patient with a diagnosis of scleroderma. What clinical manifestations of scleroderma does the nurse assess? (Select all that apply.) Butterfly-shaped rash on the face Productive cough Dyspnea owing to fibrotic cardiac tissue Decreased ventilation owing to lung scarring Dysphagia owing to hardening of the esophagus

Decreased ventilation owing to lung scarring Dysphagia owing to hardening of the esophagus Dyspnea owing to fibrotic cardiac tissue

A client received 2 units of packed red blood cells while in the hospital with rectal bleeding. Three days after discharge, the client experienced an allergic response and began to itch and break out with hives. What type of reaction does the nurse understand could be occurring? Anaphylactic reaction Delayed hypersensitivity response Sensitization An immediate hypersensitivity response

Delayed hypersensitivity response

A client is diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). What would the nurse identify as potential infections for this client? Select all that apply. Hemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

Hemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus

Which of the following is a lack of one or more of the five immunoglobulins? Agammaglobulinemia Panhypoglobulinemia Telangiectasia Hypogammaglobulinemia

Hypogammaglobulinemia

Students are reviewing information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for a class presentation about preventing the transmission of HIV. Which of the following would the students be least likely to include in their presentation? A dental dam is used for oral contact with the vagina or rectum. Nonlatex lambskin condoms are highly effective in preventing HIV infection. Male condoms must be used consistently and correctly to be effective. Circumcision is an effective means to reduce the risk of males acquiring HIV.

Nonlatex lambskin condoms are highly effective in preventing HIV infection.

A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with an immunodeficiency. What would the nurse need to emphasize? Select all that apply. Prophylactic medication regimens Signs and symptoms of bleeding Maintenance of a well-balanced diet Need to interrupt therapy for short periods Ways to manage stress

Prophylactic medication regimens Ways to manage stress Maintenance of a well-balanced diet

What instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching for the client following an arthroscopy? "The pain should be well-controlled with Tylenol." "Keep the leg in the dependent position as much as possible." "Numbness and tingling in the foot are expected the first 24 hours." "It is normal to feel hot spots over the puncture site."

"The pain should be well-controlled with Tylenol."

The nurse is caring for a client with hypertension and scleroderma. Which medication will the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client? Beta blocker Diuretic Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Vasodilator

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Which of the following are common sites of visceral involvement of Kaposi's sarcoma? Select all that apply. Heart Lungs Brain Lymph nodes Gastrointestinal tract

Lymph nodes Gastrointestinal tract Lungs

The nurse is assessing a client's peroneal nerve. What technique will the nurse use? Prick the medial surface of the sole. Ask the client to invert and evert the foot. Ask the client to plantar flex the toes. Prick the skin mid-way between the great and second toe.

Prick the skin mid-way between the great and second toe.

The older client asks the nurse how best to maintain strong muscles. What is the nurse's best response? "Getting a lot of rest can strengthen muscles." "Weight-resistance exercises can strengthen muscles." "Range of motion exercises build muscle mass." "Cardio-training is the best way to build muscle."

"Weight-resistance exercises can strengthen muscles."

Which nursing action is most important in caring for the client following an arthrogram? Assist the client with passive range of motion. Apply ice to the joint. Administer morphine sulfate. Keep the joint below the level of the heart.

Apply ice to the joint.

The nurse recognizes that rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by: Clonus Ulnar deviation Fasciculations Ballottement sign

Ulnar deviation

The nurse is teaching a client about osteoporosis. What diagnostic test will the nurse include with the client teaching? bone biopsy arthrocentesis dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry arthroscopy

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

A client comes to the clinic and reports pain in the right great toe which is worse at night. Assessment reveals tophi. What does the nurse suspect? gouty arthritis rheumatoid arthritis reactive arthritis osteoarthritis

gouty arthritis

A client with an acute exacerbation of arthritis is temporarily confined to bed. What position will the nurse recommend to prevent flexion deformities? side-lying with pillows supporting the shoulders and legs supine with pillows under the knees prone semi-Fowler's position

prone

The nurse is teaching a client with osteoarthritis about the disease. What is the most important client focus for disease management? disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy detection of systemic complications strategies for remaining active prevention of joint deformity

strategies for remaining active

The nurse is creating a plan to assist an older adult to manage rheumatoid arthritis. Which areas will the nurse include in this plan? Select all that apply. Modification of daily activities Psychological support Financial assistance Exercise Medication

Exercise Medication Psychological support Modification of daily activities

The client presents with an exaggeration of the lumbar spine curve. How does the nurse interpret this finding? Dowager's hump Lordosis Scoliosis Kyphosis

Lordosis

The nurse is taking care of a client with lower motor neuron destruction. How would the nurse document on the electronic health record the muscle tone in the client's lower legs? Atonic Spastic Limp Flaccid

Atonic

Which term refers to muscle tension being unchanged with muscle shortening and joint motion? Contracture Fasciculation Isotonic contraction Isometric contraction

Isotonic contraction

A client has had an electromyography. What is an appropriate nursing intervention following this diagnostic procedure? Apply warm compresses. Apply a compression dressing. Monitor the client for infection. Monitor the client for anaphylaxis.

Apply warm compresses.

Which description refers to an osteon? Bone-forming cell Bone resorption cell Mature bone cell Microscopic functional bone unit

Microscopic functional bone unit

A patient tells the nurse, "I was working out and lifting weights and now that I have stopped, I am flabby and my muscles have gone!" What is the best response by the nurse? "Once you stop exercising, the contraction of the muscle does not regain its strength." "While you are lifting weights, endorphins are released, creating increase in muscle mass, but if the muscles are not used they will atrophy." "The muscle mass has decreased from the lack of calcium in the cells." "Your muscles were in a state of hypertrophy from the weight lifting but it will persist only if the exercise is continued."

"Your muscles were in a state of hypertrophy from the weight lifting but it will persist only if the exercise is continued."

A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client diagnosed with osteoarthritis. What instruction should the nurse give to the client to minimize injury? Wear worn, comfortable shoes. Wear protective devices when exercising. Install safety devices in the home. Get help when lifting objects.

Install safety devices in the home.

The nurse is performing an assessment on an older adult patient and observes the patient has an increased forward curvature of the thoracic spine. What does the nurse understand this common finding is known as? Scoliosis Kyphosis Osteoporosis Lordosis

Kyphosis

A client reports being consistently tired, with no energy. The client's CBC indicates low hemoglobin. Where is hemoglobin manufactured? femur eyes ulna ribs

ribs

The nurse is assessing a client's gait. What assessments indicate the client has a normal gait? Select all that apply. knee flexion steppage shuffling smoothness spastic hemiparesis

smoothness knee flexion

A client has recently undergone an invasive joint examination to enable the identification of bone composition. Which signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor in this client? hypersensitivity reaction nausea and vomiting swelling and bleeding tingling sensation or numbness

swelling and bleeding

Which nerve is assessed when the nurse asks the client to spread all fingers? Radial Median Ulnar Peroneal

Ulnar

Which data is most important for the nurse to record while assessing a client with an open wound? when the client last received a tetanus immunization vital signs time and place of the injury degree of movement and range of motion

when the client last received a tetanus immunization

When assisting the patient to interpret a negative HIV test result, the nurse informs the patient that the results mean which of the following? He is immune to HIV. He has not been infected with HIV. Antibodies to HIV are present in his blood. Antibodies to HIV are not present in his blood.

Antibodies to HIV are not present in his blood.

A client has been treated for migraine headaches for several months and comes to the clinic reporting no improvement. The nurse is talking with the client and hears an audible click when the client is moving the jaw. What does the nurse suspect may be happening? Pericardial friction rub Rhonchi Lung sounds are diminished in the apical area. Crackles in the bases

Lung sounds are diminished in the apical area.

The nurse is reviewing medications prescribed for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. Which medications will the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client? Select all that apply. Heparin sodium Aspirin Ibuprofen Morphine sulfate Methotrexate

Aspirin Ibuprofen Methotrexate

The nurse is preparing to perform a musculoskeletal assessment for a client with chronic muscle pain. Which assessment technique would be an appropriate tool to evaluate this type of pain? Listen for cracking with movement. Palpate for the balloon sign. Measure the girth of the thigh. Flex the bicep against resistance.

Flex the bicep against resistance.

A client is scheduled for a bone scan. A bone scan may be ordered to detect metastatic bone lesions, fractures, and certain types of inflammatory disorders. Which nursing considerations are correct in preparing a client for a bone scan? Select all that apply. Ensure that the client does not have any allergies to the isotope. Ensure the client is NPO for 12 hours before the test. Inform the client that the radiopaque isotope will be administered intravenously. Encourage the client to drink fluids to help distribute and eliminate the isotope.

Inform the client that the radiopaque isotope will be administered intravenously. Ensure that the client does not have any allergies to the isotope. Encourage the client to drink fluids to help distribute and eliminate the isotope.

A group of students are reviewing information about bones in preparation for a quiz. Which of the following indicates that the students have understood the material? Osteoclasts are involved in the destruction and remodeling of bone. Long bones typically contain more red bone marrow than yellow. Osteocytes are transformed into osteoblasts or mature bone cells. The yellow marrow is responsible for manufacturing red blood cells.

Osteoclasts are involved in the destruction and remodeling of bone.

The nurse is performing an assessment for a patient who may have peripheral neurovascular dysfunction. What signs does the patient present with that indicate circulation is impaired? (Select all that apply.) Tenting skin turgor Limited range of motion Cool temperature of the extremity Pale, cyanotic, or mottled color More than 3-second capillary refill

Pale, cyanotic, or mottled color Cool temperature of the extremity More than 3-second capillary refill

A client is suspected to have an immunodeficiency disorder. The health care provider orders a nitroblue tetrazolium reductase (NTR) test to diagnose this client. What does the nurse suspect that this disorder is related to? T lymphocytes Complement Phagocytic cells B lymphocytes

Phagocytic cells

The nurse is educating a client on signs and symptoms of fibromyalgia. Which assessment technique would cause pain that indicates fibromyalgia? Pinch the Achilles tendon. Inflate the blood pressure cuff an extra 20 mm Hg. Strike the patella with a reflex hammer. Apply pressure to the thumb.

Pinch the Achilles tendon.

A client has a history of osteoarthritis. Which signs and symptoms should the nurse expect to find on physical assessment? Swelling, joint pain, and tenderness on palpation Hot, inflamed joints; crepitus; joint pain Joint pain, crepitus, Heberden's nodes Tophi, enlarged joints, Bouchard's nodes

Joint pain, crepitus, Heberden's nodes

The nurse is caring for a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which interventions will the nurse incorporate into this client's plan of care? Select all that apply. Providing high fiber diet for diarrhea Antipyretic medications for fever Monitoring for jaundice Monitoring for rash to the skin Providing analgesics for joint pain

Antipyretic medications for fever Providing analgesics for joint pain Monitoring for rash to the skin

A client is having repeated tears of the joint capsule in the shoulder, and the health care provider orders an arthrogram. What intervention should the nurse provide after the procedure is completed? Select all that apply. Administer a mild analgesic. Actively exercise the area immediately after the procedure. Inform the client that a clicking or crackling noise in the joint may persist for a couple of days. Apply heat to the area for 48 hours. Apply a compression bandage to the area.

Apply a compression bandage to the area. Administer a mild analgesic. Inform the client that a clicking or crackling noise in the joint may persist for a couple of days.

A client is scheduled to have an x-ray examination of the shoulder in which the synovial fluid will be aspirated and sent to the laboratory for analysis. This will be followed by administration of a contrast medium and x-rays. What procedure will the nurse prepare the client for? Bone densitometry Arthrogram Arthrocentesis Arthroscopy

Arthrogram

The nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Part of this client's teaching plan is educating the client about his or her medications. What is essential for the nurse to include in the teaching of this client regarding medications? The action of each antiretroviral drug Side effects of drug therapy What vaccinations to have The use of condoms

Side effects of drug therapy

A nurse assesses a client in the health care provider's office. Which assessment findings support a suspicion of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)? Weight gain, hypervigilance, hypothermia, and edema of the legs Facial erythema, pericarditis, pleuritis, fever, and weight loss Hypothermia, weight gain, lethargy, and edema of the arms Photosensitivity, polyarthralgia, and painful mucous membrane ulcers

Facial erythema, pericarditis, pleuritis, fever, and weight loss

Cryptococcus meningitis is suspected in a client with HIV. Which manifestations would be consistent with cryptococcus meningitis? Select all that apply. Hyperreflexia Psychomotor slowing Vacant stare Stiff neck Seizures

Stiff neck Seizures

The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nurse notes that the client is classified as HIV asymptomatic based on which CD4+ T lymphocyte count? Between 200 to 350/mm3 Less than 200/mm3 Greater than 500/mm3 Between 350 to 499/mm3

Greater than 500/mm3

The nurse's plan of care for a client with stage 3 HIV addresses the diagnosis of Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity Related to candidiasis. What nursing intervention best addresses this risk? Applying skin emollients as needed Providing thorough oral care before and after meals Administering prophylactic antibiotics Promoting nutrition and adequate fluid intake

Providing thorough oral care before and after meals

A client with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea and dehydration. The physician suspects an infection with Cryptosporidium. What type of specimen should be collected to confirm this diagnosis? Stool specimen for ova and parasites Urine specimen for culture and sensitivity Sputum specimen for acid fast bacillus Blood specimen for electrolyte studies

Stool specimen for ova and parasites

A client is diagnosed with a primary immune deficiency disease (PIDD). For which additional conditions will the nurse assess this client? Select all that apply. Inflammatory bowel disease Multiple sclerosis Rheumatoid arthritis Thyroid disease Myasthenia gravis

Thyroid disease Rheumatoid arthritis Inflammatory bowel disease

A home health nurse will soon begin administering IVIG to a new client on a regular basis. What teaching should the nurse provide to the client? Technique for managing and monitoring daily fluid intake Expected benefits and outcomes of the treatment The need for a sterile home environment Complementary alternatives to IVIG

Expected benefits and outcomes of the treatment

A client who is HIV positive has been prescribed antiretroviral drugs. The nurse explains the action of each antiretroviral drug and develops a schedule for the client's self-administration, including strong emphasis about rigidly adhering to the dosage, time and frequency of the administration of the drugs. Why is it important to adhere to the schedule of drug dosing developed for this client? To get the most benefit from the drugs To maintain appropriate blood levels of the drugs To avoid resistance to the drugs To avoid overdosing on the drugs

To avoid resistance to the drugs

The nurse assesses a client who is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for adverse reactions associated with the prescribed medication, abacavir. Drag words from the choices below to fill in each blank in the following sentence. The nurse provides emergency intervention when the client exhibits the following symptoms: ________, ________, and ________. nausea vomiting sore throat cough diarrhea dyspnea

dyspnea cough sore throat

The nurse reviews laboratory results requested to track HIV. What laboratory test measures HIV RNA levels and is the best predictor of HIV disease progression? Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) CD4/CD8 Western blot Viral load

Viral load

The nurse is assessing a new client with a musculoskeletal problem. What is the best question by the nurse to elicit more information related to the injury? What is the duration and location of discomfort or pain?" "What is your age?" "Do you have any chronic disorder or recent injury?" "What kind of work do you do?"

"Do you have any chronic disorder or recent injury?"

A client seeks medical attention for the development of red scaly lesions over the surface of both knees. Which question will the nurse ask to determine if the client is experiencing polymyositis? "Have you had a change in the strength of your legs?" "Have you taken any new medications?" "Have you changed the type of soap that you use?" "Have you noticed your skin is more dry lately?"

"Have you had a change in the strength of your legs?"

A nursing student asks the nurse why older adults are at risk for falls. The best response by the nurse is: "Cartilage deteriorates with age." "Ligaments become lax with age." "Bones become more fragile." "Muscles atrophy with aging."

"Muscles atrophy with aging."

A client with osteoarthritis expresses concerns that the disease will prevent the ability to complete daily chores. Which suggestion should the nurse offer? "Do all your chores after performing morning exercises to loosen up." "Do all your chores in the evening, when pain and stiffness are least pronounced." "Pace yourself and rest frequently, especially after activities." "Do all your chores in the morning, when pain and stiffness are least pronounced."

"Pace yourself and rest frequently, especially after activities."

The nurse is preparing to infuse gamma-globulin intravenously (IV). When administering this drug, the nurse knows the speed of the infusion should not exceed what rate? 3 mL/min 10 mL/min 6 mL/min 1.5 mL/min

3 mL/min

A client is infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) after sharing needles with another intravenous (IV) drug abuser. Upon infection with HIV, the immune system responds by making antibodies against the virus, usually within how many weeks after infection? 3 to 6 weeks 3 to 12 weeks 6 to 18 weeks 1 to 2 weeks

3 to 12 weeks

The nurse is preparing to administer the recommended dose of intravenous gamma-globulin for a 60-kg male client. How many grams will the nurse administer? 30 g 90 g 15 g 60 g

30 g

Patient education for musculoskeletal conditions for the aging is based on the understanding that there is a gradual loss of bone after a peak of bone mass at age: 50 years. 30 years. 20 years. 40 years.

30 years.

The development of a positive HIV antibody test following initial infection generally occurs in which timeframe? 4 weeks 8 weeks 6 weeks 10 weeks

4 weeks

The nurse is preparing to administer intravenous immunoglobulin to a client with a primary immunodeficiency. This is the client's first dose. The nurse would anticipate administering another dose in approximately which time? 1 week 3 weeks 2 weeks 4 weeks

4 weeks

Azathioprine (Imuran) has been prescribed for the client with severe rheumatoid arthritis. The dose prescribed is 2 mg/kg/day orally in two divided doses. The medication available is a 50-mg scored tablet. The client weighs 110 pounds. How many milligrams will the nurse prepare per dose for the client?

50

A patient is on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV. What does the nurse know would be an adequate CD4 count to determine the effectiveness of treatment for a patient per year? 10 mm3 to 20 mm3 20 mm3 to 45 mm3 50 mm3 to 150 mm3 1 mm3 to 10 mm3

50 mm3 to 150 mm3

A female client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receives family-planning counseling. Which statement about safer sex practices for persons with HIV is accurate? If the client and her sexual partners are HIV-positive, unprotected sex is permitted. Contraceptive methods, such as hormonal contraceptives, implants, and injections, are recommended to prevent HIV transmission. A latex condom with spermicide provides the best protection against HIV transmission during sexual intercourse. The intrauterine device is recommended for a client with HIV.

A latex condom with spermicide provides the best protection against HIV transmission during sexual intercourse.

A client with a primary immunodeficiency is undergoing genetic testing. This testing would be of least benefit in identifying which condition? Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) DiGeorge syndrome Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

The nurse is planning care for a client with a musculoskeletal injury. Which nursing diagnosis would be the highest priority? Ineffective Health Maintenance Risk for Impaired Tissue Perfusion Delayed Surgical Recovery Acute Pain

Acute Pain

The primary functions of cartilage are to reduce friction between articular surfaces, absorb shocks, and reduce stress on joint surfaces. Where in the human body is cartilage found? between the ribs between the vertebrae covering elbow joints All options are correct.

All options are correct.

The side effect of bone marrow depression may occur with which medication used to treat gout? Colchicine Probenecid Prednisone Allopurinol

Allopurinol

A health care provider orders tests to determine if a client has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which test result helps to confirm an SLE diagnosis? Negative lupus erythematosus cell test An above-normal anti-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) test Increased total serum complement levels Negative antinuclear antibody test

An above-normal anti-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) test

A client arrives at the orthopedic physician's office stating knee pain sustained while playing soccer. A history and physical assessment is completed. The knee appears reddened with edema. Which other diagnostic testing would the nurse anticipate? An arthrocentesis A bone scan An arthroscopy A bone densitometry

An arthroscopy

A client with Sjogren's syndrome is experiencing xerostomia. Which information will the nurse provide to help alleviate this client's problem? Select all that apply. Omit spicy and salty foods Avoid smoking Limit the intake of alcohol Eat small frequent meals Use antiseptic mouthwash twice a day

Avoid smoking Eat small frequent meals Omit spicy and salty foods Limit the intake of alcohol

A patient with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is extremely fatigued and not feeling well. What lab test does the nurse anticipate the patient will have to detect a common development related to the disease? B12 level Glucose level Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

B12 level

A client asks the nurse how their rheumatoid arthritis is diagnosed. The nurse knows that which finding from diagnostic tests can be used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis? Evidence of healed fractures on MRI Boney erosions on x-ray Atherosclerotic plaques on an arteriogram Reduced muscle mass on CT scan

Boney erosions on x-ray

Which of the following tests determines initiation of antiretroviral treatment? CD4/CD8 ratio Western blot Viral load Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

CD4/CD8 ratio

The nurse is assessing a client for dietary factors that may influence her risk for osteoporosis. The nurse should question the client about her intake of what nutrients? Select all that apply. Simple carbohydrates Vitamin D Calcium Soluble fiber Protein

Calcium Vitamin D

The orthopedic nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a fracture of the radius. In which type of bone tissue does the nurse anticipate the fracture being? Cortical Cartilage Collagen Cancellous

Cancellous

A client who is HIV positive is successfully treated for a stage 3 opportunistic illness. In which way will the client's care change when the CD4+T-lymphocyte count is 1500 cells/L? Care is at stage 0 because the illness is undetectable Care is limited to stage 2 of the disease Care can return to be for stage 1 of the disease Care remains at stage 3 of the disease

Care remains at stage 3 of the disease

Which of the following is an example of a gliding joint? Carpal bones in the wrist Hip Knee Joint at base of thumb

Carpal bones in the wrist

A client with paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, a deficiency of complement proteins, reports headache and weakness of the right arm and leg. Based on these symptoms, for which health complication should the nurse assess? Edema in subcutaneous tissues of the extremities Bacterial meningitis Rheumatoid arthritis Cerebral venous thrombosis

Cerebral venous thrombosis

A client is to self-administer intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the home. What is the client's first action? Check the IV device patency. Take the premedication. Prepare the IVIG solution. Check his or her temperature.

Check the IV device patency.

A nursing student is preparing a teaching plan for a client with an immunodeficiency disorder. The student is going to include the cardinal symptoms in teaching. Which of the following would the student include? Choose all that apply. Chronic diarrhea Poor response to treatment of infections Chronic or recurrent severe infections Chronic fatigue Facial edema

Chronic diarrhea Chronic or recurrent severe infections Poor response to treatment of infections

The nurse is teaching a client about the characteristics of osteoarthritis. The nurse determines the client teaching was successful when the client states that which of the following may occur with osteoarthritis? Clients will have an ulnar deviation. Clients will develop boutonniere deformity. Clients may have swan neck deformity. Clients may develop Heberden nodes.

Clients may develop Heberden nodes.

Which finding is consistent with the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis? Cloudy synovial fluid Decreased ESR Increased C4 complement component Increased red blood cell count

Cloudy synovial fluid

A client is experiencing an acute attack of gout. Which medications will the nurse anticipate being prescribed for this client? Select all that apply. Ibuprofen Allopurinol Colchicine Prednisone Febuxostat

Colchicine Prednisone Ibuprofen

Choose the correct statement about the endosteum, a significant component of the skeletal system: Covers the marrow cavity of long bones Contains blood vessels and lymphatics Facilitates bone growth Supports the attachment of tendons to bones

Covers the marrow cavity of long bones

Which of the following is the priority nursing diagnosis for the client preparing for a bone marrow biopsy? Deficient knowledge: procedure Acute pain Risk for ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion Risk for infection

Deficient knowledge: procedure

A group of students are reviewing the structure and function of bones. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they state that cortical bone is found primarily in which of the following? Epiphyses Rounded irregular ends Osteoblasts Diaphyses

Diaphyses

The nurse is educating a group of students about peroneal nerve damage. The nurse knows that which assessment will show this type of nerve damage? Skin prick along the client's skin with the index finger Pricking of the skin along the medial side of the foot Dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes Stretching of the client's thumb above the wrist

Dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes

The nurse is caring for a client with scleroderma. Which findings will the nurse expect during the physical assessment? Select all that apply. Dry skin Expressionless face Absence of facial wrinkles Rigid extremities Discoid rash

Dry skin Rigid extremities Expressionless face Absence of facial wrinkles

A clinic nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The client tells the nurse that she has not been taking her medication because she usually cannot remove the childproof medication lids. How can the nurse best facilitate the client's adherence to her medication regimen? Have the client approach her primary provider to explore medication alternatives. Encourage the client to store the bottles with their tops removed. Have a trusted family member take over the management of the client's medication regimen. Encourage her to have her pharmacy replace the tops with alternatives that are easier to open.

Encourage her to have her pharmacy replace the tops with alternatives that are easier to open.

A client is experiencing symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Which laboratory tests will the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client? Select all that apply. Antinuclear antibody Creatinine Hematocrit Erythrocyte count Rheumatoid factor

Erythrocyte count Rheumatoid factor Antinuclear antibody

The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with a "rheumatic disease." What nursing diagnoses will most likely apply to this client's care? Select all that apply. Fatigue Alteration of self-concept Fluid volume deficit Pain Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Fatigue Pain Alteration of self-concept

A client cringes in pain when the nurse places the stethoscope over the upper back to assess breath sounds. On which condition will the nurse focus when assessing this client? Ankylosing spondylitis Liver disease Gallbladder disease Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia

The nurse is performing a musculoskeletal assessment for a client whose right leg muscles exhibit no tone and are limp. Which descriptor should the nurse use to document this condition? Spastic Atrophic Flaccid Atonic

Flaccid

A patient has had a stroke and is unable to move the right upper and lower extremity. During assessment the nurse picks up the arm and it is limp and without tone. How would the nurse document this finding? Rigidity Atonic Flaccidity Tetanic

Flaccidity

A client diagnosed with degenerative joint disease of the fingers reports now having bumps on the fingers that do not hurt. The nurse observes bony nodules on the distal interphalangeal joints. What type of "bumps" does the nurse understand these are? Bouchard nodes Heberden nodes Rheumatoid nodules Tophi

Heberden nodes

A client has an elbow injury that involves the cartilage in that joint. The nurse understands that which type of cartilage has been affected? Costal cartilage Semilunar cartilage Fibrous cartilage Hyaline cartilage

Hyaline cartilage

A client is being discharged from the hospital after being diagnosed with and treated for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). What would the nurse not say when teaching the client and family information about managing the disease? Maintain a well-balanced diet and increase fluid intake to raise energy levels and promote tissue healing. If you have problems with a medication, you may stop it until your next physician visit. Avoid sunlight and ultraviolet radiation. Pace activities.

If you have problems with a medication, you may stop it until your next physician visit.

A nurse understands the influence of hormones on bone maintenance. Therefore, the nurse knows that a patient on long-term cortisol may experience: Accelerated bone modeling. Increased bone resorption. Increased deposits of calcium in the bone. Inhibition of osteoclasts.

Increased bone resorption.

The nurse is assessing a client with decreased dexterity of the hands related to rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse knows that which process causes joint deformities? Remission Inflammation Exacerbation Autoimmunity

Inflammation

Which term refers to mature compact bone structures that form concentric rings of bone matrix? Trabecula Endosteum Cancellous bone Lamellae

Lamellae

The nurse is preparing teaching for a client with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which information will the nurse include in these instructions? Select all that apply. Alternative living arrangements Medication therapy Nonpharmacologic pain management techniques Actions to cope with stress Nutritious eating plan

Medication therapy Nutritious eating plan Actions to cope with stress Nonpharmacologic pain management techniques

Which description refers to an osteon? Bone resorption cell Mature bone cell Microscopic functional bone unit Bone-forming cell

Microscopic functional bone unit

A patient is suspected of having myositis. The nurse prepares the patient for what procedure that will confirm the diagnosis? Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Bone scan Muscle biopsy Computed tomography (CT)

Muscle biopsy

A client scheduled to undergo an electromyography asks the nurse what this test will evaluate. What is the correct response from the nurse? Metastatic bone lesions Muscle composition Bone density Muscle weakness

Muscle weakness

A deoxypyridinoline (DPD) level has been ordered. How will the nurse prepare for this measurement? Obtain a clean-catch urine. Obtain a blood specimen. Assist the health care provider in obtaining a bone marrow specimen. Assist the health care provider in obtaining a synovial fluid specimen.

Obtain a clean-catch urine.

A client is experiencing symptoms of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Which action will be taken to definitively diagnose this condition? Monitor the response to corticosteroids. Evaluate the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Measure the C-reactive protein level. Obtain the results of a temporal artery biopsy.

Obtain the results of a temporal artery biopsy.

The nurse is performing an admission interview for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. Which finding will the nurse document as abnormal for this client? Select all that apply. Nausea Joint swelling Stiffness Pain Weakness

Pain Stiffness Weakness Joint swelling

The nurse is assessing a client with rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse knows that prolonged inflammation can cause compression of nerves. Which symptoms would accompany this level of involvement? Restricted movement in tendons Crepitus when moving major joints Paresthesias of both hands Limited motion in the wrists

Paresthesias of both hands

The nurse is completing the physical assessment of a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which finding will the nurse recognize is most likely to indicate that the client is experiencing a change to the cardiovascular system because of the condition? Bounding peripheral pulses Pericardial friction rub Jugular vein distention Peripheral edema

Pericardial friction rub

The nurse is conducting a musculoskeletal assessment of a client in a nursing home. The client is unable to dorsiflex the right foot or extend the toes. The nurse evaluates this finding as an injury to which nerve? Achilles Femoral Peroneal Sciatic

Peroneal

A client is diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis. In which areas will the nurse expect the client to experience pain? Select all that apply. Intercostals Achilles tendon Scapula Tibial tuberosities Plantar fascia

Plantar fascia Achilles tendon Tibial tuberosities

A client is seen in the office for reports of joint pain, swelling, and a low-grade fever. What blood studies does the nurse know are consistent with a positive diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? Select all that apply. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels of 7 units/L Positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) Red blood cell (RBC) count of <4.0 million/mcL Red blood cell (RBC) count of >4.0 million/uL Positive C-reactive protein (CRP)

Positive C-reactive protein (CRP) Positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) Red blood cell (RBC) count of <4.0 million/mcL

A nurse performs a neurovascular assessment on a client 2 weeks after a wrist cast had been removed. The nurse documents in the client's chart that there is normal sensation in the ulnar nerve. What finger assessment test will the nurse perform on this client? Prick the top of the middle finger. Prick the top or distal surface of the index finger. Prick the skin midway between the thumb and second finger. Prick the distal fat pad on the small finger.

Prick the distal fat pad on the small finger.

Which nursing instruction is most important to stress when teaching on calcium intake? Eat green, leafy vegetables. Maintain diary sources of calcium intake. Drink calcium- and vitamin D-fortified orange juice. Provide age-related calcium intake recommendations.

Provide age-related calcium intake recommendations.

A client is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take in order to evaluate the client's stage of disease? Auscultate the client's lung sounds. Review the client's medical record. Inspect the client's mouth. Observe the client's gait.

Review the client's medical record.

Which connective tissue disorder is characterized by insoluble collagen being formed and accumulating excessively in the tissues? Rheumatoid arthritis Polymyalgia rheumatic Systemic lupus erythematosus Scleroderma

Scleroderma

Which statement reflects the progress of bone healing? The age of the client influences the rate of fracture healing. Adequate immobilization is essential until ultrasound shows evidence of bone formation with ossification. Serial x-rays are used to monitor the progress of bone healing. All fracture healing takes place at the same rate no matter the type of bone fractured.

Serial x-rays are used to monitor the progress of bone healing.

A group of students are studying for an examination on joints. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following as an example of a synarthrodial joint? In the fingers Between the vertebrae At the hip Skull at the temporal and occipital bones

Skull at the temporal and occipital bones

A client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is prescribed hydroxychloroquine. Which teaching will the nurse include for this client? Exercise Smoking cessation High-protein diet Vitamin D supplements

Smoking cessation

A patient is scheduled for a bone marrow biopsy. The nurse explains to the family that the bone marrow is located mainly in four areas. She tells the family that the site to be used would be the: Sternum. Humerus. Scapula. Femur.

Sternum

The nurse is completing a health history with a client diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which information will the nurse identify as environmental triggers for the condition? Select all that apply. Sunlight Cigarette smoking Recent surgery Stress Vegetarian diet

Stress Sunlight Recent surgery Cigarette smoking

A client is diagnosed with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). What medication does the nurse anticipate educating the client about for treatment? Azithromycin TMP-SMZ Cephalexin Garamycin

TMP-SMZ

A client with AIDS develops pneumocystis pneumonia. The nurse would most likely expect to include administration of which agent in the client's plan of care? Azithromycin Aerosolized pentamidine TMP-SMZ Clindamycin

TMP-SMZ

The client with an inflamed knee scheduled to have an arthrocentesis asks the nurse what the synovial fluid will look like. What is the best response by the nurse? The amount of fluid will be scant in volume. The fluid will be clear and pale. The fluid will be milky, cloudy, and dark yellow. The fluid will be straw colored.

The fluid will be milky, cloudy, and dark yellow.

The nurse assesses soft subcutaneous nodules along the line of the tendons in a patient's hand and wrist. What does this finding indicate to the nurse? The patient has neurofibromatosis. The patient has lupus erythematosus. The patient has rheumatoid arthritis. The patient has osteoarthritis.

The patient has rheumatoid arthritis.

The nurse understands that bone maintenance requires a balance between forming and dissolving bone. What is a correct statement about the function of osteoblasts? They secrete a matrix that consists of collagen. They are multinuclear cells involved in resorbing bone. They are nourished by capillaries that are part of the Haversian system. They are located in shallow lacunae (small pits in bones).

They secrete a matrix that consists of collagen.

A client visits the health care provider for a routine checkup. The history reveals that the client was diagnosed with a spinal curvature. Which region of the spine should the nurse assess for complications? Thoracic Sacral Lumbar Cervical

Thoracic

Which clinical manifestation would the nurse recognize as an indicator of peripheral neurovascular dysfunction? Select all that apply. Dorsoplantar flexion strong Absence of pain Capillary refill less than 3 seconds Toes mottled and cool Complaints of pins and needles in feet

Toes mottled and cool Complaints of pins and needles in feet

A client's blood test results reveal an elevated alkaline phosphatase. What might this indicate? osteomalacia systemic lupus erythematosus Paget's disease a bone tumor

a bone tumor

A client with rheumatoid arthritis tells the nurse about experiencing mild tinnitus, gastric intolerance, and rectal bleeding. What medication does the nurse suspect is causing these side effects? methotrexate aspirin celecoxib hydroxychloroquine

aspirin

Which medication taken by the client in the previous 24 hours would be of greatest concern to the nurse caring for a client undergoing a bone biopsy? aspirin NPH insulin furosemide digoxin

aspirin

A client with AIDS has been tested for cytomegalovirus (CMV) with positive titers. What severe complication should the nurse be alert for with cytomegalovirus? fatigue blindness hearing impairment diarrhea

blindness

A client with a history of peptic ulcer disease is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. What medication will the nurse anticipate will be prescribed to produce an anti-inflammatory effect and protect the stomach lining? celecoxib ibuprofen sulfasalazine methotrexate

celecoxib

A nurse is caring for a client with a warm and painful toe from gout. What medication will the nurse administer? colchicine aspirin calcium gluconate furosemide

colchicine

Fracture healing occurs in four areas, including the external soft tissue. cartilage. bursae. fascia.

external soft tissue.

A client with end-stage acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has profound manifestations of Cryptosporidium infection caused by the protozoa. What client need should in the nurse focus on when planning this client's care? antiretroviral therapy fluid replacement high-calorie nutrition pain management

fluid replacement

There are thousands of components of the musculoskeletal system that facilitate mobility and independent function. The function of skeletal muscle is promoting: involuntary function. All options are correct. movement of skeletal bones. organ function.

movement of skeletal bones.

The nurse is performing a health history with a new client in the clinic. What is the most common reason for a client to seek medical attention for arthritis? weakness joint swelling stiffness pain

pain

The nurse is assessing a young client during an annual sports physical at school. The assessment reveals that the client has lateral curving of the spine. The nurse reports to the health care professional that the assessment revealed scoliosis. epiphysis. diaphysis. lordosis.

scoliosis.

A nurse educator is preparing to discuss immunodeficiency disorders with a group of fellow nurses. What would the nurse identify as the most common secondary immunodeficiency disorder? SCID CVID DAF AIDS

AIDS

When do most perinatal HIV infections occur? In utero Through casual contact Through breastfeeding After exposure during delivery

After exposure during delivery

A nurse is working in a health clinic at a retirement community. What is the nurse's primary rationale for recommending HIV testing for older adults? Age-related immune system changes increase the risks of infections for older adults. Older adults may have received HIV-infected blood transfusions before 1985. Older gay men, feeling less inhibited by social mores, tend to have multiple sex partners. Older adults, who are sexually active don't use condoms.

Age-related immune system changes increase the risks of infections for older adults.

A client seeks medical attention to learn why an infection has been resistant to antibiotic therapy. Which laboratory test will the nurse anticipate being used first to determine if the client has a primary immune deficiency disease (PIDD)? Immunoglobulin levels HIV-1 differentiation assay Complete blood count and differential HIV-1/HIV-2 immunoassay

Complete blood count and differential

Which microorganism is known to cause retinitis in people with HIV/AIDS? Cryptococcus neoformans Cytomegalovirus Pneumocystis carinii Mycobacterium avium

Cytomegalovirus

A client comes to the clinic to see the physician, reporting, "I think I ate something that I am allergic to." What symptoms would be appropriate for the nurse to ask questions about? Nasal congestion and coughing Hives and itching Sneezing and runny nose Diarrhea and abdominal cramping

Diarrhea and abdominal cramping

When administering a gamma-globulin infusion, what nursing guideline applies? Weigh the client after treatment. Administer pretreatment prophylactic antihistamine as ordered 8 hours prior to infusion. Observe clients with high gamma-globulin rates for severe reactions over clients with low gamma-globulin rates. Do not exceed an infusion rate of 3 mL/min.

Do not exceed an infusion rate of 3 mL/min.

A client is administered foscarnet to treat a case of CMV retinitis. Which adverse effect should the nurse closely monitor in the client? Hypotension Electrolyte imbalances Peripheral neuropathy Anemia

Electrolyte imbalances

A client is suspected of having an immune system disorder. The health care provider wants to perform a diagnostic test to confirm the diagnosis. What test should the nurse prepare the client for? Complete chemistry panel T-and C-cell assays Plasmapheresis Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

A client is admitted with a tentative diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The client undergoes biopsies of facial lesions and the preliminary report indicates Kaposi's sarcoma. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate? Tell the client that Kaposi's sarcoma is common in people with AIDS. Inform the client of the biopsy results and support the client emotionally. Pretend not to notice the lesions on the client's face. Explore the client's feelings about facial disfigurement.

Explore the client's feelings about facial disfigurement.

The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client with an immunodeficiency. What aspect would the nurse emphasize as most important? Adherence to prophylactic medication administration Identifying the signs and symptoms of infection Incorporation of treatment regimens into daily patterns Frequent and thorough handwashing

Frequent and thorough handwashing

Which of the following would a nurse be least likely to identify as a cause of secondary immunodeficiency? Burns Diabetes Chronic stress Genetics

Genetics

Which condition is an early manifestation of HIV encephalopathy? Headache Vacant stare Hallucinations Hyperreflexia

Headache

When describing the effects of treatment for phagocytic cell disorders, which of the following would the nurse include as being the most successful? Use of granulocyte transfusions Gene therapy Antibiotic therapy Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

A newborn has been diagnosed with DiGeorge syndrome. Which of the following would the nurse least likely expect to assess? Cleft palate Hypercalcemia Hypoparathyroidism Congenital heart defect

Hypercalcemia

Which type of phagocytic disorder occurs when white blood cells cannot initiate an inflammatory response to infectious organisms? Panhypoglobulinemia Hyperimmunoglobulinemia Telangiectasia Agammaglobulinemia

Hyperimmunoglobulinemia

A client with AIDS has developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and is receiving treatment with foscarnet. The nurse would monitor for which possible adverse drug effects? Select all that apply. Seizures Hypomagnesemia Hyperphosphatemia Hypercalcemia Neutropenia

Hyperphosphatemia Hypomagnesemia Seizures

Phagocytic dysfunction is characterized by the following. Choose all that apply. Chronic eczematoid dermatitis Immunity to infection with herpes simplex Increased incidence of bacterial infections Rapid heartbeat Manifestation of underlying disease processes

Increased incidence of bacterial infections Chronic eczematoid dermatitis

A patient presents to a clinic on May 1 and tells the nurse practitioner that he had a 1-month sexual relationship with a friend who did not disclose that he was HIV positive. The relationship ended last week. The nurse tells the patient that after infection with HIV, the immune system responds by making antibodies against the virus; therefore the patient should expect this to happen by: May 20 July 1 June 5 May 8

June 5

A nurse is preparing to administer an antiretroviral medication to a client who is positive for HIV. The nurse identifies the drug as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). What drug will the nurse administer? Lamivudine Etravirine Delavirdine Nevirapine

Lamivudine

A client seen in the outpatient clinic has common variable immunodeficiency. It is important for the nurse to teach the client about the need for more frequent screening for which complication? Malignancy Autoimmune disorders Human immunosuppressive virus Allergies

Malignancy

Which nursing action is essential before an EIA test is performed? Performing Western blotting Performing a polymerase chain reaction test Obtaining a general consent for medical care from the client Obtaining a written consent from the client

Obtaining a general consent for medical care from the client

A client with AIDS is having a recurrence of 10 to 12 loose stools a day. What medication may help this client with controlling the chronic diarrhea? Rifaximin Octreotide Atropine diphenoxylate Bismuth subsalicylate

Octreotide

A female client comes to the clinic and tells the nurse, "I think I have another vaginal infection and I also have some wart-like lesions on my vagina. This is happening quite often." Which nursing action is the priority for this client? Provide a prescribed topical antifungal agent to treat the client's vaginal infection. Offer information on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. Refer the client to a support group with others experiencing the same symptoms. Recommend abstinence or safer-sex practices.

Offer information on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing.

A client with ataxia-telangiectasia approaches the nurse with many questions and concerns. The client asks what the primary cause of death is for this disease. The nurse's best response would be: Overwhelming infection Neurologic dysfunction Acute renal failure Chronic lung disease

Overwhelming infection

The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted for the treatment of AIDS. In the morning, the client tells the nurse that he experienced night sweats and recently "coughed up some blood." What is the nurse's most appropriate action? Place the client on respiratory isolation and inform the physician. Perform oral suctioning to reduce the client's risk for aspiration. Review the client's most recent viral load and CD4+ count. Assess the client for additional signs and symptoms of Kaposi sarcoma.

Place the client on respiratory isolation and inform the physician.

A client is diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). When assessing the client for possible infection, what would the nurse identify as a least likely cause? Hemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia Streptococcus pneumonia

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

When administering intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), what is the most important action for the nurse to take? Administer the infusion at a rate of 5 to 10 mL per minute. Assess the client for nausea, vomiting, and hematuria indicative of a severe reaction. Review the chart to obtain information about the client's height and weight. Premedicate the client with acetaminophen and diphenhydramine 30 minutes before starting.

Premedicate the client with acetaminophen and diphenhydramine 30 minutes before starting.

A patient had unprotected sex with an HIV-infected person and arrives in the clinic requesting HIV testing. Results determine a negative HIV antibody test and an increased viral load. What stage does the nurse determine the patient is in? Latent infection Tertiary infection Secondary infection Primary infection

Primary infection

The nurse is caring for a client with an autoimmune disease. What is a characteristic of autoimmune disorders? Affects only older adults and infants less than 3 months Profound fatigue with no identifiable cause Progressive tissue damage without any verifiable etiology Absence of a triggering event

Progressive tissue damage without any verifiable etiology

A client with systemic lupus erythematosus is prescribed belimumab. For which reason will the nurse question giving the client this medication? Received a live vaccination a week ago Bilateral knee joint swelling is present Report of constipation Discoid rash present over the face

Received a live vaccination a week ago

When developing the plan of care for a client with a primary immunodeficiency, which nursing diagnosis would be the priority? Grieving related to the poor prognosis of the condition Anxiety related to an inherited disorder Risk for infection related to altered immune cell function Impaired skin integrity related to persistent deep skin abscesses

Risk for infection related to altered immune cell function

A nursing student assists a registered nurse to admit a client with a primary immunodeficiency. The nurse explains to the student that primary immunodeficiencies predispose people to three conditions. Which of the following three are those conditions? Malnutrition Autoimmunity Cancer Phagocytic dysfunction Severe infections

Severe infections Autoimmunity Cancer

A client asks a nurse, "What can I use to decrease my risk of exposure to HIV?" What will the nurse include as effective in reducing the risk of HIV exposure? Select all that apply. Dental dams Latex male condoms Polyurethane female condoms Lambskin condoms Sexual abstinence

Sexual abstinence Sexual abstinence Polyurethane female condoms Polyurethane female condoms

A client is taking ibuprofen for the treatment of osteoarthritis. What education will the nurse give the client about the medication? Since the medication is able to be obtained over the counter, it has few side effects. Take the medication on an empty stomach in order to increase effectiveness. Take the medication with food to avoid stomach upset. Inform the health care provider if there is ringing in the ears.

Take the medication with food to avoid stomach upset.

A nurse is visiting the home of a client with AIDS who is experiencing HIV encephalopathy. When developing the plan of care for the client and his caregiver, the nurse identifies the nursing diagnosis of disturbed thought processes related to confusion and disorientation secondary to HIV encephalopathy. Which expected outcome would be most appropriate for the nurse to document on the client's plan of care? The client remains free of any injury when out of bed. The client can state that he is at his home. The client nods that he understands the instructions. The client engages in diversional activities.

The client can state that he is at his home.

The nurse is gathering data from laboratory studies for a client who has HIV. The client's CD4+ cell count is 200/mm³, and the client has been diagnosed with pneumocystis pneumonia. What does this indicate to the nurse? The client's CD4+ cell count has decreased due to the pneumocystis pneumonia. The client has advanced HIV infection. The client has converted from HIV infection to AIDS. The client has another infection present that is causing a decrease in the CD4+ cell count.

The client has converted from HIV infection to AIDS

A client with human immunodeficiency virus undergoes intradermal anergy testing using Candida and mumps antigen. During the 3 days following the tests, there is no induration or evidence of reaction at the intradermal injection sites. What accurate conclusion can the nurse make? The client has no previous exposure to the antigens injected. The client is immunodeficient and won't have a skin response. The client has antibodies to the antigens. The client isn't allergic to the antigens and therefore doesn't react.

The client is immunodeficient and won't have a skin response.

A client on antiretroviral drug therapy informs the nurse about sometimes forgetting to take the medication for a few days. What should the nurse inform the client can occur when the medications are not taken as prescribed? The client will have to take higher doses of the antiviral medications. The client will have to take the drugs intravenously to ensure compliance. The funding for the medications will cease if the client is not taking the meds correctly. The client is risking the development of drug resistance and drug failure.

The client is risking the development of drug resistance and drug failure.

A client's antibody test for HIV showed no antibodies. For which reason would the client need to have a nucleic acid test completed before being told that testing for HIV is negative? The client engages in high risk behavior Two tests need to be done for every client The antibody test for HIV is not sensitive The client may be in stage 0 of the disease

The client may be in stage 0 of the disease

A client diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) asks how the health care provider determines what his or her viral load is. What is the nurse's best response? The health care provider can have a sedimentary rate run. The health care provider can have a basic metabolic panel run. The health care provider can have an ELISA test run. The health care provider can have a polymerase chain reaction test run.

The health care provider can have a polymerase chain reaction test run.

A nurse has created a plan of care for an immunodeficient client, specifying that care providers take the client's pulse and respiratory rate for a full minute. What is the rationale for this aspect of care? Hemodynamic instability is one of the main complications of immunodeficiency. Respirations affect heart rate in immunodeficient clients. These clients' blunted inflammatory responses can cause subtle changes in status. Immunodeficient clients are prone to ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation.

These clients' blunted inflammatory responses can cause subtle changes in status.

A client with rheumatoid arthritis reports disrupted sleep because of pain and stiffness. Which recommendations will the nurse make to help the client achieve restful sleep? Select all that apply. Use relaxation exercises. Create a quiet sleep environment. Avoid caffeine before bedtime. Establish a set time to sleep every night. Take pain medications four hours before sleep.

Use relaxation exercises. Establish a set time to sleep every night. Avoid caffeine before bedtime. Create a quiet sleep environment.

Which diagnostic test measures HIV RNA in the plasma? Enzyme-linked immunoassay Viral load Western blotting assay Enzyme immunoassay

Viral load

Which term defines the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response? Viral clearance rate Window period Primary infection stage Viral set point

Viral set point

A client has been living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for several years. Which diagnostic test will the nurse prepare the client for to determine the progression of the disease? Ultrasound MRI X-ray CT scan

X-ray

A treatment option for severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) includes IV immunoglobulin. chemotherapy. vitamin D supplements. a stem cell transplant.

a stem cell transplant

A client with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection reports difficulty seeing. The physician determines that the client is developing CMV retinitis. What medication does the nurse anticipate the client will receive for this? foscarnet fluconazole zidovudine azithromycin

foscarnet

Which tests tell the physician what the viral load is in a client with HIV/AIDS? Select all that apply. p24 antigen test ELISA test T4/T8 ratio Western blot polymerase chain reaction

polymerase chain reaction p24 antigen test

A nurse is caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What would the nurse expect the health care provider to order to determine the effectiveness of treatment? ELISA with Western blot test enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) E-rosette immunofluorescence quantification of T-lymphocytes

quantification of T-lymphocytes

A pediatric client is recovering from an anaphylactic reaction to an allergen. In the first assessment, the client presents with a periorbital accumulation of blood, a common occurrence in children. What type of allergic reaction presents "allergic shiners"? type II type I type IV type III

type I

A nurse is teaching a client with immunodeficiency about the signs and symptoms of infection to report. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the client makes which statement? "Any change, however subtle, might mean that I have an infection." "A dry cough is just irritation, but one with mucous means an infection." "I might notice a swollen lymph node or two, but this is normal." "A fever over 101 degrees is the most common sign of infection."

"Any change, however subtle, might mean that I have an infection."

A client with rheumatoid arthritis wants to participate in water aerobics classes for arthritis at the community center. Which statement will the nurse respond to this client? "Be sure to wear nonslip footwear for safety." "Don't go if your joints are inflamed." "Have someone check your blood pressure before exercising." "That's not the best activity for misaligned joints."

"Be sure to wear nonslip footwear for safety."

The nurse is teaching a client with HIV how to use a male condom. The client demonstrates understanding of the information when he makes which statements? Select all that apply. "I can keep several condoms in my wallet in my back trouser pocket so they are readily available." "I should avoid using baby oil or petroleum jelly with a condom." "I need to hold the condom by the tip to squeeze out the air before putting it on." "I can reuse a condom two or three times when I'm having sexual intercourse." "I should unroll the condom all the way over my erect penis."

"I need to hold the condom by the tip to squeeze out the air before putting it on." "I should unroll the condom all the way over my erect penis." I should avoid using baby oil or petroleum jelly with a condom."

A client in stage 1 of HIV feels well and questions having the virus. Which response by the nurse is appropriate? "Your immune system has increased other cells to successfully combat the virus." "Not everyone who is HIV positive has a severe case of the disease." "There is an equal amount of virus and the cells to combat the virus in your body." "It's possible that the original testing was incorrect and retesting is needed."

"There is an equal amount of virus and the cells to combat the virus in your body."

A client with kyphosis caused by ankylosing spondylitis (AS) asks if there are any procedures available to help with the spinal deformity and pain. Which procedure will the nurse prepare teaching for this client? Traction Bracing Cervical collar Osteotomy of the spine

Osteotomy of the spine