NURB.3050 (SPRING)- PrepU (EXAM 3)

D. insulin is not available for use by the body

The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes would be confirmed by which principle? A. insulin is produced but unavailable for use in the body B. small amounts of insulin are produced daily C. insulin is present in large amounts for use by the body D. insulin is not available for use by the body

A. thrombosis

The most common cause of ischemic stroke is: A. thrombosis B. arterial vasculitis C. cryptogenesis D. vasospasm

D. characterized by an inability to communicate spontaneously with ease or translate thoughts or ideas into meaningful speech or writing

A client has suffered a stroke that has affected his speech. The physician has identified the client as having expressive aphasia. Later in the day, the family asks the nurse to explain what this means. The most accurate response would be aphasia that is: A. manifested as impaired repetition and speech riddled with letter substitutions, despite good comprehension, and fluency B. nearly normal speech except for difficulty with finding singular words C. characterized by an inability to comprehend the speech of others or to comprehend written material D. characterized by an inability to communication spontaneously with ease or translate thoughts or ideas into meaningful speech or writing

D. dopamine

A client's recent diagnosis of Parkinson disease has prompted the care provider to promptly begin pharmacologic therapy. The drugs prescribes will likely influence the client's levels of which substance? A. adenosine B. acetylcholine C. serotonin D. dopamine

B. hypoglycemia

An extremely lethargic client arrives by ambulance at the emergency department. His blood glucose level is 32 mg/dL (1.78 mmol/L). The nurse will anticipate that this client will be diagnosed with: A. autonomic neuropathy B. hypoglycemia C. dawn phenomenon D. diabetic ketoacidosis

C. weight loss, glucose monitoring, and oral antihyperglycemic medications

An obese adult has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The nurse knows that the most likely treatment plan for this client will include which topics? A. continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and nutrition management B. injectable insulin, nutrition management, and adequate hydration C. weight loss, glucose monitoring, and oral antihyperglycemic medications D. daily monitoring for urine ketones and weight loss measures

D. dementia and slowness of movement and thought

An older adult client with Parkinson disease has been diagnosed with neurocognitive disorder. Which assessment finding would the nurse correlate with this new diagnosis? A. weight changes B. increased anxiety C. sadness and unexplained crying D. dementia and slowness of movement and thought

B. Parkinson's is a chronic condition and treatment aims to manage symptoms

The nurse is providing client education to a client newly diagnosed with Parkinson disease. The nurse most accurately describes the disease progression as: A. Parkinson's has no known effective treatment B. Parkinson's is a chronic condition and treatment aims to manage symptoms C. Parkinson's disease, while chronic, will likely improve over time D. Parkinson's is an acute disorder that can be surgically corrected

C. decreases metabolism

Which effect of thyroid hormone deficit alters the function of all major organs in the body? A. enhances absorption of glucose B. increases protein synthesis C. decreases metabolism D. causes vitamin deficiencies

B. nonopioids such as acetaminophen

Which intervention is usually the first line of therapy when treating moderate pain in the older adult population? A. muscle relaxants like cyclobenzaprine B. nonopioids such as acetaminophen C. antihistamines like diphenhydramine D. opioids such as codeine

A. polydipsia B. polyuria E. polyphagia

Select the most common symptoms of diabetes. Select all that apply. A. polydipsia B. polyuria C. polycythemia D. polyhydramnios E. polyphagia

C. exogenous insulin injections

A 23-year-old man is admitted to the hospital. He is experiencing polyphagia, polyuria, and polydipsia. He states that the condition has come on very suddenly. The client is likely to require what treatment? A. meglitindies B. biguandies C. exogenous insulin injections D. sulfonylureas

A. flaccid paralysis

A sudden, traumatic, complete transection of the spinal cord results in what type of injury below the site? A. flaccid paralysis B. vasoconstriction C. 3+ tendon reflexes D. deep visceral pain

C. falls and injuries

Bradykinesia occurring in Parkinson disease places the Parkinson's client most at risk for: A. weight loss B. incontinence C. falls and injuries D. emotional dysfunction

C. "Acute kidney injury is abrupt in onset and often reversible if recognized early and treated appropriately."

A 35-year-old client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) and is started on hemodialysis. The client is concerned with the diagnosis and wants to know what to expect in the progression of this disorder. Which statement best addresses the client's concern? A. "Once your condition improves you can be placed on peritoneal dialysis for the rest of your life." B. "The occurrence of acute kidney injury will always eventually result in chronic kidney disease." C. "Acute kidney injury is abrupt in onset and often reversible if recognized early and treated appropriately." D. "You will need to have a kidney transplant to live a productive, healthy life."

C. show the child a scale with faces of actual children and have the child point to the picture that best describes how he or she is feeling

A 7-year-old child had an emergency appendectomy during the night. When trying to assess the child's pain, the nurse should: A. try to distract the child by blowing bubbles to minimize the use of opioids so that the child does not become addicted to the opioid. B. consider pulse and BP reading to be the most specific indicators of the amount of pain the child is experiencing. C. show the child a scale with faces of actual children and have the child point to the picture that best describes how he or she is feeling. D. ask the child to rate the pain on a scale of 0-10, with 0= no pain, and 10= worst pain ever.

B. acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis

A child has been brought to an urgent care clinic. The parents state that the child is "not making water." When taking a history, the nurse learns the child has a sore throat about 1 week ago but seems to have gotten over it. "We [parents] only had to give antibiotics for 3 days for the throat to be better." The nurse should suspect the child has developed which complication? A. nephrotic syndrome B. acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis C. kidney stones D. acute kidney injury

A. an immune-mediated response that is caused by the demyelination of the myelin sheath of the white matter of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve

A client has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The nurse recognizes that the client's condition is a result of: A. an immune-mediated response that is caused by the demyelination of the myelin sheath of the white matter of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve B. circulating antibodies attacking the postsynaptic acetylcholine levels C. degeneration of the lower cell bodies of the lower motor neurons in the gray matter D. degenerative changes in the musculoskeletal system

B. increased fluid intake and dietary changes

A client has recently undergone successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the treatment of renal calculi. Which measures should the client integrate into his or her lifestyle to reduce the risk of recurrence? A. weight loss and blood pressure control B. increased fluid intake and dietary changes C. regular random blood glucose testing D. increased physical activity and use of over-the-counter diuretics

D. respiratory status and oxygen saturation

A client has started having uncontrolled seizures that are not responding to usual medications. Nurses working with the client must pay special attention to which priority aspects of this client's care? A. ability to grasp hands and squeeze on command B. urine output and continence C. ECG for arrhythmias D. respiratory status and oxygen saturation

D. visceral pain

A client is admitted to the acute care facility with severe pain in the abdomen related to inflammatory bowel disease. What type of pain will the nurse be administering medication to relieve? A. somatic pain B. referred pain C. cutaneous pain D. visceral pain

C. diuretic phase

A client is beginning to recover from acute tubular necrosis. During which phase of acute kidney injury will the nurse assess an increase in urine output? A. onset phase B. oliguric phase C. diuretic phase D. recovery phase

C. the client is achieving normal glycemic control

A client is managing his type 2 diabetes with exercise and diet. He has a fasting blood sugar level (FBS) of 80 mg/dL (4.44 mmol/L and a hemoglobin A1C of 5% (.05). Based on these findings, which of the following can the nurse assume? A. the client needs to modify his diet related to the low readings B. the client is at risk for developing hyperglycemia C. the client is achieving normal glycemic control D. the client is at risk for an insulin reaction

D. increasing the normal saline intravenous infusion prior to the exam

A client is to receive a radioconstrast media as part of a diagnostic scan. Which intervention is intended to reduce the nephrotoxic effects of the radiocontrast media? A. administering ibuprofen 600 mg prior to the procedure B. administering one unit of packed red blood cells C. having the client take nothing by mouth D. increasing the normal saline intravenous infusion rate prior to the exam

C. glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)

A client tells the health care provider that he has been very compliant over the last 2 months in the management of his diabetes. The best diagnostic indicator that would support the clients response would be: A. fasting blood glucose level B. urine test C. glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) D. capillary blood glucose sample

C. blood work for hemoglobin, red blood cells, and hematocrit

A client with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is experiencing increasing fatigue, lethargy, and activity intolerance. The care team has established that the client's glomerular function rate (GFR) remains at a low, but stable, level. Which laboratory assessments will most likely be prescribed to help determine the cause of these new symptoms? A. assessment of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function B. cystoscopy and ureteroscopy C. blood work for hemoglobin, red blood cells, and hematocrit D. blood work for white cells and differential

C. headaches and poor concentration

A high school student sustained a concussion during a football game. The school nurse will educate the family about postconcussion syndrome and ask them to watch for and report which manifestations of its presence? A. neck pain and decreased neck range of motion B. unilateral weakness and decreased coordination C. headaches and poor concentration D. recurrent nosebleeds and hypersomnia

D. check blood glucose

A hospitalized client with diabetes mellitus has sudden onset of slurred speech; lack of coordination; and cool, clammy skin. What will the nurse do first? A. provide cheese and crackers B. notify the health care provider C. administer glucose D. check blood glucose

D. maintenance of airway and respiration

A nurse caring for a client in myasthenic crisis identifies a priority concern as: A. monitoring for ptosis B. monitoring for difficulty chewing C. ongoing physical therapy to maintain strength D. maintenance of airway and respiration

B. hypertension

A nurse is assessing a client for early manifestations of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which would the nurse expect the client to display? A. terry nails B. hypertension C. asterixis D. impotence

C. indwelling urinary catheter

A nurse is assessing a client's risk for developing a hospital-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) and determines that which of the following places the client at greatest risk? A. impaired bladder emptying B. increased sexual activity C. indwelling urinary catheter D. prostate enlargement

C. spontaneous contractions of muscle fibers presenting as twitching

A nurse is caring for a client experiencing muscle fasciculations. Fasciculations appear as: A. rhythmic movements B. weakness and loss of movement C. spontaneous contractions of muscle fibers presenting as twitching D. increased muscular resistance with range of motion

B. hydration

A nurse is caring for a client who has a recent history of passing calcium urinary stones. Which of the following is a priority nursing consideration for this client? A. bowel elimination B. hydration C. skin care D. bed rest

A. a middle aged obese adult with a sedentary lifestyle

A nurse is evaluating clients for the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Which client has the highest risk for developing this metabolic disorder? A. a middle aged obese adult with a sedentary lifestyle B. an older adult with a history of gestational diabetes C. a young child whose grandmother has type 2 diabetes D. an adult who has an active lifestyle and small waist-hip ratio

D. it is important that the client take the prescribed antibiotic for the duration of the prescription

A nurse is giving discharge instructions for a client who was diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis 3 days previously. Which instruction is important for the nurse to discuss when teaching the client? A. the client will require bed rest at home for 7 days B. restrict fluid intake to 1 L/day C. because the client received antibiotics in the hospital, there are no further medications required D. it is important that the client take the prescribed antibiotic for the duration of the prescription

C. brain contusions and hematomas

A teenager has been in a car accident and experienced an acceleration-deceleration head injury. Initially, the client was stable but then started to develop neurological signs/symptoms. The nurse caring for this client should be assessing for which type of possible complication? A. status epilepticus B. TIAs and cerebrovascular infarction C. brain contusions and hematomas D. momentary unconsciousness

D. paraplegia

After being thrown off the back of a bull, a bull rides can move his arms but has loss of motor function in the lumbar and sacral segments of the spinal cord. This is referred to as: A. anterior cord syndrome B. tetraplegia C. quadriplegia D. paraplegia

D. renin

Although there are over 40 neurotransmitters, those that are the most familiar and important for psychiatric disorders are all of the following except: A. acetylcholine B. norepinephrine C. dopamine D. renin

D. red blood cells

An example of a single hormone that can exert effects in different tissues is erythropoietin. Erythropoietin is made in the kidney and stimulates the bone marrow to produce: A. natural killer cells B. platelets C. mast cells D. red blood cells

D. protect the client from injury

As the nurse is performing a physical assessment of a client, the client begin to have seizure activity including loss of consciousness and limb jerking. The nurse's priority is to: A. preserve brain functioning B. stop the seizure C. treat underlying disease D. protect the client from injury

B. anemia

Chronic kidney disease impacts many systems in the body. What is the most common hematologic disorder caused by CKD? A. polycythemia B. anemia C. leukocytosis D. erthrocythemia

C. the demyelination and subsequent degeneration of nerve fibers and decreased oligodendrocytes, which interfere with nerve conduction

During physiology class, the instructor asks students to explain the pathology behind development of multiple sclerosis. Which student gave the most accurate description? A. atherosclerotic destruction of circulation to the brain, resulting in lactic acid buildup that affects nerve transmission B. muscle necrosis with resultant increase in fat/connective tissue replacing the muscle fibers C. the demyelination and subsequent degeneration of nerve fibers and decreased oligodendrocytes, which interfere with nerve conduction D. autoimmune disease where antibody loss of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction causes decreased motor response

A. true

Global or diffuse brain injury is manifested by changes in the level of consciousness. A. true B. false

C. Escherichia coli

Most common uncomplicated urinary tract infections are caused by ____ that enter through the urethra. A. group B Streptococcus B. Staphyloccus aureus C. Escherichia coli D. Pseudomonas

D. in renal disease, vitamin D is unable to be transformed to its active form

The client with chronic kidney disease asks the nurse why he must take vitamin D (calcitriol) as a medication. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse? A. the skin is no longer able to activate vitamin D for use B. vitamin D can no longer be released from the exocrine glands C. the bones no longer respond to vitamin D and demineralize D. in renal disease, vitamin D is unable to be transformed to its active form

B. negative feedback loop

The hormone levels in the body need to be kept within an appropriate range. How is this accomplished for many of the hormones in the body? A. positive feedback loop B. negative feedback loop C. sensory feedback loop D. regulated feedback loop

A. the client has a decrease in agitated behaviors

The nurse cares for an older adult with Alzheimer's disease. The nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of a recently implemented intervention using a personalized music playlist. What outcomes indicates the intervention is successful? A. the client has a decrease in agitated behaviors B. the client eats 25% of all meal served C. the client has urinary incontinence after meals D. the client is listless when the family visits

B. the client should be informed about the signs and symptoms of sever hypothyroidism and the need for early intervention

The nurse is educating a newly diagnosed client with Hashimoto thyroiditis who is to be discharged from the acute care facility. What should the nurse be sure to include in the education to prevent complication? A. the client should skip a dose of the thyroid supplement if he has symptoms of fever or restlessness B. the client should be informed about the signs and symptoms of severe hypothyroidism and the need for early intervention C. the client should be informed that if he observes an increase in fatigue, an extra dose of his thyroid medication should be taken D. the client should not participate in any exercise activity that should utilize more thyroid hormone

C. heart rate 110 and bounding

The nurse is performing an assessment for a client who has hyperthyroidism that is untreated. When obtaining vital signs, what is the expected finding? A. temperature 96 F (35.5 C) B. respiratory rate 14 C. heart rate 110 and bounding D. blood pressure 180/110 mm Hg

A. protein in the urine

The nurse is reviewing the lab results of a client with suspected nephrotic syndrome. The nurse anticipates the results to include: A. protein in the urine B. decreased triglycerides C. abnormal blood clotting factors D. serum hyperalbuminemia E. decreased low-density lipoproteins

A. elevated urine protein level (>3.5 g/day) and hypoalbumineemia

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client. Which laboratory findings would the nurse correlate with nephrotic syndrome? A. elevated urine protein level (>3.5 g/day) and hypoalbuminemia B. low platelet level (<20x10^3/ul; 20x10^9/l) and elevated blood pressure C. low triglycerides (<150 mg/dl; 1.69 mmol/l) and elevated sodium levels D. decreased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and increased hemoglobin levels (Hgb>18 g/dl; 180 g/l)

A. hydrocortisone

The nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with Addison disease about the importance of lifetime oral replacement therapy. Which pharmacologic agent would be the drug of choice and included in this teaching plan? A. hydrocortisone B. ketoconazole C. potassium supplements D. insulin

D. the thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate

The nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism about the function of the thyroid. Which statement about the role of the thyroid gland is most accurate? A. the thyroid gland releases neurotransmitters when the "fight or flight" mechanism is stimulated B. the thyroid gland is responsible for regulating serum calcium levels C. the thyroid gland promotes developmental of secondary sex characteristics D. the thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate

A. the brain relies on blood glucose as its main energy source

The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. The client asks, "why will I get headache, disturbed behavior, coma, and seizures if it's my pancreas that's impaired?" Which response is the best explanation? A. the brain relies on blood glucose as its main energy source B. insulin produces a rebound hyperglycemia C. hypoglycemia causes ketone breakdown D. hepatic glycogenolysis

B. a client who has a urinary catheter in place due to confusion

The nurse on a geriatric unit is assessing four clients. Which client is most likely to exhibit bacteriuria? A. a client whose father is known to have died of bladder cancer B. a client who has a urinary catheter in place due to confusion C. a male client who has had a penile implant for several years D. a client who will soon undergo a hysterectomy

D. woman with a family history of diabetes

The obstetrical nurse is caring for a client who has been treated for gestational diabetes. When teaching the client about the causes of gestational diabetes, the nurse should include which risk factor in the teaching? A. first pregnancy B. woman who has had a child under 5lb (2.2 kg) C. first birth occurring during the teenage years D. woman with a family history of diabetes

C. "You should remind the client to shower."

The spouse of a client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease asks the nurse why the client often neglects to take a shower. The spouse states that the client was always diligent with hygiene in the past; however, over the past few months that has not been the case. What is the nurse's best response? A. "The client is experiencing a temporary relapse." B. "The client just does not care anymore." C. "You should remind the client to shower." D. "The client would be fine without showering."

A. release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine from autonomic nerve endings

The transmission of impulses at the neuromuscular junction is mediated by which action? A. release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine from autonomic nerve endings B. connection to paraspinal ganglion chain C. nerve stimulation of the adrenal medulla D. nerve origin in thoracolumbar spine

A. administer a subcutaneous injection of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO)

To maintain hematocrit levels in clients with kidney failure, the nurse should be prepared to perform which intervention? A. administer a subcutaneous injection of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) B. administer iron dextran intravenously C. administer prenatal vitamins twice daily D. arrange for frequent blood transfusions in an outpatient clinic

C. negative feedback

What is the most common mechanism of hormone control? A. positive feedback B. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis C. negative feedback D. hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell feedback

A. glomerulus

When caring for the client with proteinuria, the nurse recognizes that dysfunction in which structure of the kidney allows protein to leak into the urine? A. glomerulus B. renal pelvis C. collecting tubule D. calyx

C. autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells

When educating a client about type 1 diabetes, the nurse will mention that this type is caused by which mechanism? A. idiopathic, abnormally large pancreatic cells B. overuse of steroids, pancreatic cells resistant to glucose C. autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells D. genetic predisposition

A. acute onset of colicky flank pain radiating to lower abdomen

Which client is displaying manifestations of having a kidney stone? A. acute onset of colicky flank pain radiating to lower abdomen B. a visible abdominal mass and abdominal pain in bilateral lower quadrants C. elevation in systemic blood pressure and frequent urination D. increased thirst and urinary output with warm, dry skin

A. complete failure of insulin secretion

Which criterion about insulin would prompt a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes? A. complete failure of insulin secretion B. large amount of insulin secreted C. insulin not efficiently used D. small amount of insulin secreted

D. using urinary catheters only when necessary and their prompt removal when no longer needed

Which is the most important factor in reducing hospital-acquired (nosocomial) urinary tract injections? A. irrigating urinary catheters with an antibiotic solution B. using prophylactic antibiotics in all surgical clients C. using plastic rather than latex urinary catheters D. using urinary catheters only when necessary and their prompt removal when no longer needed

C. insulin resistance

Which metabolic abnormality can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes? A. recurrent hypoglycemia B. acute pancreatitis C. insulin resistance D. chronic overeating

D. monitor blood glucose levels throughout the day and administer exogenous insulin replacement as needed

Which treatment regimen is most likely to result in stable blood glucose levels for a client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes? A. initially try to control blood glucose levels with diet and exercise routines along with weight reduction B. wait until after eating the first meal of the day before checking blood glucose and then calculate insulin dose C. perform a daily moderate exercise routine prior to insulin administration D. monitor blood glucose levels throughout the day and administer exogenous insulin replacement as needed

D. they have been shown to slow the progression of the disease

While caring for a client with Alzheimer dementia, the family asks about the medication. Which advantage of the cholinesterase inhibitors should the nurse mention? A. they reverse the cognitive impairments resulting from dementia B. they are prescribed as a monthly injection and help aid with sleep C. they help to control twitching in the client with neurocognitive disorder to Parkinson disease D. they have been shown to slow the progression of the disease