NURS 440 Midterm, public health
The nurse recognizes which example as the best illustration of the World Health Organization's definition of health? Select one: a. 98-year-old man with memory loss, participates in few activities, and lives in an assisted living facility. b. 72-year-old woman with well-managed diabetes who walks 2 miles every day and takes classes at the local community college. c. 20-year-old man with no significant history of disease who smokes, works a stressful job, and is sedentary. d. 50 year-old-woman with no health complaints, who drinks 2-3 alcohol beverages a day, and lives alone with little social contact.
B
The public health nurse is supervising home health aide care for a client. In this role the PHN is doing what type of prevention. Select one: a. This is not a prevention activity b. Tertiary prevention c. Secondary prevention d. Primary prevention
B
What is the best way to help populations and communities avoid environmental health risks? A. Performing secondary intervention to avoid further complications. B. Identifying potential dangers before they occur or worsen C. Treating individual clients in an acute care setting D. Providing home health care after discharge from acute care facility
B
When addressing community level social determinants of health to improve the health status of poor, under-served and diverse populations what type of interventions can provide the greatest benefit? Select one: a. Downstream investments b. Upstream investments c. Improved access to healthcare d. Individual-level interventions to address social determinants of health
B
Which intervention is a Public Health Nurse using when working with the park board to develop procedures for screening child care assistants who will be staffing a summer program? Select one: a.Advocacy b.Policy development c.Surveillance d.Social Marketing
B
In 1918, nursing care shifted from providing care in the home or community to providing client care in hospitals. What factors were instrumental in this shift to acute care? (Select all that apply.) A. Increased number of women in the workforce B. The continuation of World War I C. The economic boost from the war effort D. Technological advancements and improvements E. The building of new hospitals and better roads
B D
A home health nurse is creating a care plan for an individual who recently had surgery. Which tasks does the home health nurse understand as health responsibilities of the family? (Select all that apply.) A, Socialization of members regarding a sense of duty toward optimal health B. Emotional support for the client and guidance during life cycle transitions C. Care provision and management for the chronically ill, disabled, and aging family members D. Development of the members' sense of caring within the family as a unit E. Providing education about cost containment and when to use the health care system
B C
The nurse is caring for a client who is from a culture for which the nurse has a limited knowledge base. The nurse conducts the admission interview using culture humility. Which should the nurse ask in the interview? ( Select all that apply) Select one or more: a. Yes or No questions b. Open ended questions c. How the client addressed the illness d. About traditions e. If the cause of the illness is spiritual
B C D
Which factor is a part of the interrelated environment system? (Select all that apply.) A. Transportation B. Safety C. Adequate fresh water D. Housing E. Ability to ambulate
B C D
A nurse new to the community health agency works in a culturally diverse area of the community. The nurse is responsible for providing holistic care to the clients and to be culturally competent. The health agency requires the nurse to employ which competency to exhibit cultural competence (select all that apply) Select one or more: a. Adopt the client's cultural values b. Be responsive to diverse cultural beliefs c. Provide effective communication methods d. Speak the language of the client e. Provide respectful, quality care
B C E
Which represent ways nurses can actively engage in policy making? (Select all that apply.) Select one or more: a. Review articles in recent nursing journals b. Testify at congressional hearings c. Document on symptoms following a physical examination d. Serve as members on governing boards e. Disseminate information on health issues in the media
B D E
While working in the free clinic, the public health nurse is assessing a migrant farm worker who has an infection of the right hand. The nurse cleans the wound, applies antibiotic cream, and wraps the area to keep it clean. The nurse is conducting an assessment to determine if the client has any contributing factors related to health disparities. Which of these are contributing factors to health disparities? (Select all that apply.) A. Educational obtainment B. A diagnosis of schizophrenia C. Part-time employment D. No means of transportation E. Language barriers
B D E
ANA Triple Aim
Better healthcare for individuals, better outcomes in the community, and lower healthcare acts
What principles can the nurse apply to maximize the teaching-learning process? (Select all that apply.) A. Limit the use of practical application. B. Discourage interaction among learners C. Adapt teaching to the client readiness level. D. Make subject matter relevant to the client's interests. E. Determine client attitudes toward the subject matter.
C D E
Which population is most likely to experience low health literacy? (Select all that apply.) A. Adult white females who speak Spanish as a second language B. Adult white males over 40 years of age C. Adult Spanish-speaking females who are not fluent in English D. Teenage girls who do not graduate from high school E. Chinese immigrants
C D E
Which of the following are nursing actions that correlate with the assessment phase of the nursing process in community health settings?
Carry out focus group interviews., Conduct a windshield survey., Mail community surveys to residents.
Community-Focused Interventions
Changes community norms, attitudes, practices and behaviors Focus on entire populations or groups within the population with the same risk or other characteristics - Media campaign on shaken baby
Systems-Focused Interventions
Changes organizations, policies, laws, and structures Focus on systems within populations that have potetial impact on individual health - Regulating windows and screens on buildings
Social Determinants of health
Circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, and age, and the systems put in place to deal with illness
Fourth level pyramid
Clinical interventions Treatment of HTN, hyperlipidemia, DM - Benefit can be limited due to access to care, comliance, and effectiveness of treatment
Third level pyramid
Community health interventions with long-term protective effects - Immunizations and periodic screening
Policy enforcement
Compels others to comply with laws, rules, regulations, and ordinances created in conjunction with policy development
Case managment
Coordination or planning for health services in a cost-effective manner Wheel intervention
Fifth level pyramid
Counseling and health education - Largest effort by individuals and achieving sustained health behavior change is not common - Reaches limited number of people and cannot be the only intervention
Medicare
Coverage for seniors and disabled Small amounts of needs Normally requires supplemental insurance Part A - included Part B: medical insurance - monthly Prescription - monthly premium
A community health nurse is partnering with several community members to resolve an identified problem of homelessness. One of the community members questions why there are so many homeless people when the unemployment rate is below 3% in the community and surrounding area. What would be the nurse's best response to this question? A. "Many people are unable to work due to other issues, even though jobs are available in an area." B. "Homelessness is a problem that will take more social support rather than economic support to resolve." C. "A job is just one step toward reducing homelessness; there are many other issues that must be resolved in order to reduce the problem." D. "There are several interrelating systems that lead to homelessness, including social, environmental, and personal biology."
D
A group of teens develops their own method of texting in the language they feel is all their own. The changes is subtle but the meanings and the feelings associated with the text are known only to the select few. Which behavior are the teens exhibiting in this situation? Select one: a. Culture competence b. Ethnocentrism c. Culture safety d. Culture
D
A new nurse wants to maximize the opportunities for employment following graduation. Which rationale best supports the nurse in examining employment opportunities in public health nursing? A. The number of health care agencies providing care in the community has increased. B. Hospitals have had a decrease in the number of nurses needed to care for clients. D. Community agencies now offer more programs and have a need for more nurses. D. There has been a shift in providing care to clients in the community.
D
A public health nursing student needs to demonstrate the competency "utilizes collaboration to achieve public health goals." Which would be the most appropriate activity to meet this competency: Select one: a. Take blood pressures at a health fair b. Write an article for a healthy communities news letter on stress prevention c. Make a home visit to a new mother and baby d. Meet with pastors and lay leaders in a church to help develop a pandemic flu response plan for their congregation
D
According to the National Assessment of Adult Health Literacy. What percentage of adults in the United States have proficient health literacy skills? A. 15% B. 5% C. 8% D. 12%
D
As you think about your role as a public health nurse you are reminded of the nurse who coined the term "public health nurse" when working in a New York settlement. She was: Select one: a. Clara Barton b. Florence Nightingale c. Madeline Leininger d. Lillian Wald
D
In completing a developmental family assessment, what question would the community health nurse include? A. Are there any medical conditions, disabilities, or limitations of family members? B. What are the boundaries of roles in this family? C. Who settles disputes among the family members? D. How do family members cope with transitions and attachments within the family?
D
In regards to the environmental health risks, which of these spheres affects everyone and includes general air or water pollution, exposure to natural or man-made disasters, and/or outbreaks of disease? A. Community B. Lifestyle C. Personal D. Wider environment
D
Lillian Wald is known as one of the first public health nurses. Her mission was to prevent illness where it started. What action did she take in the 1900s that most specifically demonstrates this focus? A. Examining sanitary waste disposal policy in a community B. Advocating for the poor and homeless to lawmakers C. Founding a community diet and nutrition program D. Placing a nurse at school to reduce absenteeism
D
The nurse describes a nongovernmental organization as an organization that Select one: a. Uses only governmental funding to address the needs of individuals, groups, and communities. b. Is based in only one country but provides services to many other countries. c. Collects data related to healthcare use across a variety of professional and service parameters. d. Acquires resources to help others from private rather than public sources.
D
The school nurse is performing population-based care with which of the following activities? Select one: a. Administering an epi-pen in a public school setting to a child b. Performing a blood pressure at on a teacher who has high pressure c. Teaching a child how to wash their hands prior to eating. d. Advertising a teen violence prevention program on posters in school restrooms
D
What is the definition of family in community health? A. A group of individuals who share a common place of living, have formal ties, and share responsibilities to provide for all members. B. People living together who share the same values and beliefs. C. Several people who work together in their environment to meet their basic needs. D. Two or more people who identify themselves as a family and rely on each other to some extent to meet basic needs.
D
What level of intervention is a public health nurse performing when creating a billboard about the hazards of lead paint? Select one: a. Systems level b. Multiple levels c. Individual/family level d. Community level
D
Which statement is true? A. Exposure to pesticides falls into the community sphere of environmental health. B. Lifestyle choices do not expose the wider community to health risks. C. Genetics are part of the lifestyle sphere of environmental health. D. The use of alcohol is categorized as a lifestyle choice.
D
While the nurse is performing a health interview with a patient from a different cultural background, which is the LEAST useful technique? Select one: a. Discussing differences in beliefs without being judgmental. b. Explain the "Western" or "American" beliefs about the patient's illness. c. Asking questions about what the patient believes about her or his illness - what caused the illness, how severe it is, and what type of treatment is needed d. Gently explaining which beliefs about the illness are not correct.
D
What outreach method includes the nurse reaching out to individuals and families through home visits, churches, or school meetings? A. Missionary work B. Media and social media C. Direct outreach D. Public outreach
Direct outreach
Delegation
Direct tasks from an RN to appropriate alternate staff wheel intervention
Teaching
Health education plan and teach clients and caregivers about behavior changes Wheel interventions
Medicaid
Healthcare coverage for qualified low-income individuals and some limited care for qualifying seniors - Providers much accept this form Publically funded
Community organizing
Helps community groups identify common problems and goals to develop strategies to achieve them Wheel interventions
Consultation
Seek information and generates solutions Wheel interventions
SMART program objectives
Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound goals
Refreezing
Stabilization once a change occurs with the goal of sustaining the change in community systems, policies, and customs
Which of the following are common data sources for a community assessment?
State health department statistics, Town hall meetings, School nurse interviews, Governmental data sets
Health inequities often emerge among racial and ethnic groups. Which of the following races/ethnicities experience a higher prevalence of low birth weight babies?
blacks
Individual/Family-Focused Interventions
changes knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices and behaviors of individuals Directed at individuals May be done as part of a group Receive services because they are a population at risk - Home safety assessment, hazard reductions
What intervention addresses the building of alliances among groups of people in the community, aligned toward a common purpose of well-being? A. Consultation B. Collaboration C. Coalition Building D. Community Organizing
coalition building
Cultural humility
continuing to self-evaluate and critique their cultural assumptions and advocate for their clients
Public and community health nursing interventions focus on:
decreasing inequities that affect population health.
This intervention on the Public Health Wheel relates to specific and direct care actions provided by community health nurses, under the direction of a health care practitioner, as allowed by law. This includes any tasks a nurse delegates to appropriate personnel. A. Delegated Functions B. Collaboration C. Case Management D. Consultation
delegated functions
Unfreezing
Must occur before change can result Changes in beliefs, language, and group norms Moves community from denial to a change or address the issue Nurses can help mobilize the community by highlighting discrepencies and create urgency
Changing
Requires an understanding of what needs to be changed, how to change it, and what the change will look like when it is achieved
Counseling
develops interpersonal relationship with client to increase capabilities Wheel interventions
A community health nurse is working with the nearby American Indian reservation to develop a program to reduce health disparities. What is a known health disparity of the American Indian that the nurse will want to address?
diabetes
Noncommunicable diseases
diseases that cannot be spread from person to person Cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic pulmonary disease, and diabetes
Affordable care act
expand access to insurance, address cost reduction and affordability, improve the quality of healthcare, and introduce the Patient's Bill of Rights
A really conscientious nurse can eliminate their own prejudices or negative assumptions about certain types of patients. Select one: True False
false
Cross-cultural misunderstandings between healthcare providers and patients can lead to mistrust and frustration but are unlikely to have an impact on objectively measured clinical outcomes. Select one: True False
false
Communicable disease
illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or by an animal, vector, or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host
Case-findings
locates individual and families at risk and connects with resources Wheel intervention
Sustainable Development Goals
no poverty, zero hunger, good health and well-being, quality education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, affordable clean energy, decent work and economic growth, industry and infrastructure, reduced inequalities, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, climate action, life below water and on land, peace/justice/strong institution, partnership for goals
The community assessment process directly contributes data for development of community interventions that correlate best with which of the following interventions noted on the Public Health Interventions Wheel?
outreach
Teaching infant care and development to an immigrant family is: Select one: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Risk reduction
A
What is an example of a biological health risk? A. Contaminated drinking water B. Pesticides C. Loud machinery D. Garden and lawn fertilizer
A
What public funded healthcare program provides care to individuals 65 year and older? Select one: a. Medicare b. ACA (Affordable Care Act) c. Nonprofit insurance d. Medicaid
A
A client has asked the nurse who qualifies to receive an income-based subsidy from the government to help with health care coverage. What should the nurse tell the client? A. Anyone can get a subsidy from the government for health care coverage as long as they pay taxes. B. The subsidies are given based on incomes within the 100% to 400% poverty level. C. Those who qualify for health care subsidies are over the 200% poverty level. D. Individuals and families below the 100% poverty level are those who receive subsidies.
B
The nurse is unsure which members of a local community have been affected by exposure to chemical poisoning. What strategy from the Public Health Interventions Wheel should the nurse employ? A. Surveillance B. Advocacy C. Counselling D. Screening
screening
Upstream investments
At the societal, environmental, or policy level
Which statements reflect the teen pregnancy situation in the case study at Montrose High School? (Select all that apply.) A. Before the intervention, Montrose students suffered from lower birth weight and higher infant mortality rates than the state overall. B. After the intervention, Montrose students experienced more than double the access to prenatal care for pregnant students. C. Before the intervention, the principal and parents were supportive of the school nurse's health plans. D. After the intervention, Montrose students experienced a decline in the number of births to teens under 16. E. After the intervention, Montrose students experienced a reduction in the rate of infant mortality and low birth weight to even out with state averages.
A B E
With the implementation of the Health Care Reform Act, more persons have insurance than ever before but health care cost continues to rise. What issues are contributing to the rising cost of health care? (Select all that apply.) A. Uninsured clients' use of resources B. A decrease in the number of preventative services C. Increased unemployment rates D. Increase in available technological equipment E. The number of insurance plans available
A C
Culture is: (check all that apply) Select one or more: a. Learned b. Inherited c. Dynamic d. Shared
A C D
Which group is more susceptible to health disparities and discrimination in health care systems? (Select all that apply.) A. Unemployed persons B. Individuals in drug treatment programs C. Runaway teenagers D. Ethnic or racial minorities E. People who did not finish high school
A C D
Subculture
A group of people with shared value systems based on common life experiences and situations - occupation, age, sexual orientation, avocation, socioeconomic status, religion, other characteristics, - motorcycle lovers, nurses, skiers, lesbians, cancer survivors, cafe orders
Advocacy
Act on behalf of clients and strengthen their acting ability Wheel intervention
What are strategies from the Public Health Intervention Wheel? (Select all that apply.) A. Planning B. Advocacy C. Screening D. Case management E. Health Teaching
Advocacy, Health Teaching, Screening, Case management
Nurses role in shaping health care policy
Advocate for patients, political advocacy and involvement, evidence-based care and share decision-making
A public health nurse is developing an educational brochure on diabetes for the community clinic. Which group has a higher propensity toward the health disparities of cancer and diabetes?
African American
Henry Street Consortium Competencies
Apply PHN process, use epidemiological principles, collaborate to achieve public health goals, work within responsibility and authority of government PHS, practices under the ANA, communicate at all levels, establish caring relationships, shows evidence of commitment to the greater good, nonjudge
Downstream investment
At the individual level
A client is considering what options are available for her child's health insurance coverage in the free marketplace but is worried because of a preexisting diagnosis of diabetes. What should the nurse tell the client about preexisting conditions and the Affordable Care Act of 2011? A. The preexisting condition may cause the insurance premiums and co-payments to be higher. B. The insurance companies are required to cover an individual regardless of preexisting conditions. C. The free marketplace places insurance companies in competition, so they do not consider preexisting conditions. D. Preexisting conditions are only considered by insurance companies when the person has had a recent hospitalization.
B
A client who is employed at a local large manufacturing plant has an appointment at the clinic. What type of insurance plan would the intake nurse expect the client to have? A. Publicly mandated, privately funded B. Privately funded health care C. No insurance for a health care D. Publicly funded health care insurance
B
A nursing instructor planning to accompany students to study abroad knows that students are beginning to understand the role of an international service experience to a developing nation when they can complete the following statement: "The best action by our group to help address the issue of obesity in a developing nation would be to..." Select one: a. Teach the community members about going to the gym regularly b. Work with a community partner to provide sustainable programs c. Provide donations of medications and healthy food options six times per year d. Bring healthy recipes on a tablet to share with the community
B
A public health nurse has been assigned the task of finding the cause of a recent salmonella outbreak in the area. The nurse will use an epidemiological method to complete this task. What is the nurse's best rationale for utilizing this method? A. Epidemiology provides a framework for determining approaches to outbreaks. B. Epidemiology is used to identify patterns and trends in disease occurrence. C. Epidemiology provides a way to identify disease effects on a population. D. Epidemiology is used to identify the virulence of disease in a population.
B
A recently hired clinic nurse is providing intake on a new client at the clinic. The client states not having any insurance. When the client leaves, the new nurse makes the following comment; "I thought all people had insurance since the Affordable Care Act of 2011." What would be the nursing supervisor's best response to this comment? A. "There is health care coverage, but some people choose not to use it because it is difficult to apply for and obtain." B. "Even though there is coverage available, many people in the United States cannot afford health care coverage." C. "They may have insurance but choose not to tell us they have insurance because we are a public health agency." D. "Some people actually choose not to take the health care coverage offered by the government and prefer to pay out-of-pocket."
B
An occupational health nurse is checking employees' blood pressure at the annual benefits fair. The nurse has developed a questionnaire for the employees to complete, including demographic data such as age, gender, and ethnicity, as well as tobacco use. What interrelated system in health is the nurse assessing with this questionnaire? A. Physical environment B. Personal biology C. Education D. Health services
B
Newborn screening for metabolic disorders is an example of: Select one: a.Primary prevention b.Secondary prevention c.Tertiary prevention
B
The Chief Nursing Officer has legitimate power. Which of the following best describes legitimate power? Select one: a. Power based on identification of others with a powerful leader or group b. Power based on one's structural position in an organization c. The ability to incite fear of punishment in others d. The ability to grant favors or desired rewards
B
The community health nurse has identified a high rate of obesity in school-age children within one community. The nurse completes a community assessment and finds the median income in the area is 28,000 for a family of four. In what interrelated system will the nurse document this finding? A. Social support networks B. Income and social status C. Physical environment D. Health services
B
The nurse identifies that which statement best exemplifies a public health goal in the United States? Select one: a. To restore the ability of a patient to perform activities of daily living after a stroke. b. To establish a free exercise program at a community center to promote fitness in a neighborhood with high obesity rates. c. To develop treatments to address symptoms related the chemotherapy treatment. d. To lobby for legislation that ensures the accessibility to health insurance on the basis of one's health.
B
The nurse identifies which of the following as a Healthy People 2020 goal? Select one: a. Reduce health inequity, decrease disparities, and improve the health of certain groups b. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all c. Decrease in incidence of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death d. Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors for the geriatric stage of life
B
The nurse is providing care to a client who is two days' post-surgery on the right foot, however the health care provider has written orders for discharge to home tomorrow morning. The client is concerned about who will provide wound care to the foot in the home. What is the nurse's best response to this concern? A. "You should discuss any concerns you have about wound care with the surgeon before you are discharged." B. "We will determine the resources and services you will need at home and arrange those before you leave." C. "You will be able to perform the care yourself, once you feel better, so we will send home supplies with you at the time of your discharge" D. "Don't worry, we will train your mother to perform the wound care you need and gather the supplies prior to discharge."
B
The nurse knows social determinants of health are best described as Select one: a. Comprehensive management of health information b. Social conditions in which people live and work c. Preventing disease and disability nationally d. Collective societal actions to ensure conditions exist in which people can be healthy
B
What is included in health literacy? (Select all that apply.) A. Layman's literacy B> Musical literacy C. Reading skills D. Cultural literacy E. Scientific literacy
C D E
A client, diagnosed with hypertension, is prescribed a no-added-salt, low-fat diet. He agrees and repeats the teaching principles. At the next home visit, the nurse notices salted meat on the counter and the client shows the nurse his food diary. The diet in the past week does not reflect the healthcare provider's orders. What cultural component may have contributed to the noncompliance with the diet order? Select one: a. Food tastes bland and unappetizing b. Wife cooks according to the husband's preferences c. Diet may not meet the cultural criteria for food choices d. Diet may be too lean
C
A group of 12 nurses and other health care professionals are working with community members in a poor, rural village. What is the best indicator of health in this community? Select one: a. A health clinic in the center of the town for women and children b. A wide selection of fresh fruits and vegetables in the local food market c. An average income equivalent to one U.S. dollar per day d. An obesity rate of 20% among village members
C
A student nurse preparing for a global mission trip is using the framework for global community health nursing as a guide to evaluate the care available in the community. On the basis of this framework, what are the essential components the nurse should expect to find in the community? Select one: a. Donations, a financial manager, and a population b.A community partner, a college of nursing, and donations c. Health care providers, a community, and a health education program d. A physician, a client, and a clinic
C
In regards to environmental health risks, how would the genetic predisposition for diabetes be classified? A. Community B. Lifestyle C. Personal D. Wider environment
C
The home health nurse is developing a treatment care plan for an elderly retired client with Medicare insurance. What factor will the nurse take into consideration as the plan is developed? A. Treatments will need to be low-cost and low-technology, as the client will have to pay for all treatments out-of-pocket. B, Treatments and medications may be limited as they are covered by publicly mandated, privately funded health care plans. C. Treatments, if ordered by the provider, are usually covered by publicly funded health care plan. D. Treatments will need to predetermined and preapproved by the privately funded health care plan prior to providing service.
C
The nurse is asked why it is important to teach psychomotor skills. What statement is the best answer? A. "Cognitive skills are reinforced with psychomotor skills." B. "It is easier to teach psychomotor skills versus cognitive skills." C. "Most health topics involve some sort of "self-care" that the learner will need to do be able to do following the class." D. "Psychomotor skills take more time to teach and it is good use of class time."
C
The school nurse is carrying out the public health core function of assessment when completing which of the following activities? Select one: a. Assist families who do not have adequate insurance coverage to low cost health resources. b. Development of comprehensive school health policies c. Surveillance of a kindergarten classroom for lice d.Implementation of legislative immunization mandates
C
What level of intervention is a public health nurse performing when meeting with legislators to advocate for reimbursement for home visits of families with newborns? a. Community level intervention b. Individual/family intervention c. Systems level intervention
C
What percentage of the United States population does not even have a basic level of health literacy? A. 22% B. 12% C. 14% D. 53%
C
A public health nurse is providing education to pregnant teens on pregnancy nutrition. As part of the education, the nurse also encourages the teens to finish high school and go on to college when possible. What is the rationale for both the nutrition education and encouragement for continued education related to the determinants of health? (Select all that apply.) A. The determinant social support is being met by the nutrition class B. Increased education decreases the likelihood of premature birth C. Low education levels are associated with poorer health and greater stress D. Education on health determinants can facilitate positive action E. Personal biology as a health determinant can be eliminated with education
C D
During a family assessment, the community health nurse must examine both the internal and external structure of the family. What factors will be assessed to determine the internal structure of the family? (Select all that apply.) A. What religion the individuals observe B. Where the family goes to exercise C. Each member's gender D. The family composition E. Where individuals work
C D
A community nurse is preparing to develop a plan to work with families as the clients in a local community. What reasons would a family assessment need to be completed with the families prior to developing the plan? (Select all that apply.) A. Community health nurses must first gauge the actual need of all members of the local community. B. Members usually rally around families to ensure the health of the community. C. Families often have unique values and needs. D. Community health nurses sometimes make visits to clients and their families. E. Families are a significant building block of the local community.
C D E
Strengths-based nursing is focused on which of the following principles?
Empowerment, self-efficacy, and hope
A public health nurse is developing a program based on the goals of the government initiative Healthy People 2020. What is a health indicator the nurse may use as a part of the program?
Exercise frequency, Substance abuse, Tobacco usage
According to Healthy People 2020, social determinants of health should include
Exposure to crime and violence, Quality of schools, Access to affordable transportation, Air quality
Coalition-building
Fosters, mobilizes, and participates in community-wide alliances to achieve goal Wheel interventions
Investigation of disease or other events
Gathers and analyzes data about threats to population health, determines case and risk factors and determines control measures Wheel interventions
Asset-based approach
Identifies community resources and strengths alog with the community needs - Build coalition and partnerships with community during assessment
Screening
Identifies individuals with risk factors or asymptomatic conditions Wheel intervention
Referral and follow-up
Identify and access necessary resources to prevent or resolve concerns Wheel intervention
What are the levels of focused practice as noted on the Public Health Intervention Wheel? (Select all that apply.) A. Systems-focused practice B, Nurse-focused practice C. Community-focused practice D. Individual-focused practice E. Provider-focused practice
Individual-focused practice, Systems-focused practice, Community-focused practice
The nurse is asked about performing community health interventions. What is a correct statement? A. Interventions are best performed prior to assessment. B. Interventions are hindered by community involvement. C. Interventions are always based on assessment data. D. Interventions are rarely improved by stakeholder input.
Interventions are always based on assessment data.
Force field analysis
Know the direction and strength of each force that helps identify which can be increased or decreased to allow the process of unfreezing to occur
Outreach
Locates populations at risk and works to provide information and resources Wheel intervention
Tertiary prevention
Long-term management and treatment of clients with chronic conditions so that quality of life is maintained even though the condition will not improve and continue to worsen
Which is a true statement about health interventions in specific populations? A. Health teaching is ineffective at reducing chronic illness. B. Outreach is an effective strategy for intervening in substance abuse. C. Health investigation is the best way to stop domestic abuse. D. Surveillance has been shown to help those with disabilities cope.
Outreach is an effective strategy for intervening in substance abuse.
Which of these locations or strategies would be an effective way for the nurse to communicate the dangers of diabetes to introverts? A. Parades B. Country fairs C. Music in the park D. Pamphlets
Pamphlets
Secondary prevention
Planned effort to minimize the impact of a disease or injury once it is in effect Ex: screening
Lewin change model
Planned organizational change as a process of unfreezing, changing, and refreezing
Which of the following factors contribute to health disparities?
Poverty, Food deserts, Discrimination
First level pyramid
Poverty, lack of education, and lack of access to clean water or sanitation
Campinha-Bacote's Culturally Competent model of care
Process in which the health care professional continually strives to achieve the ability and availability to effectively work within the cultural context of a client - Awareness - Skill - Knowledge - Encounters - Desire
Policy development
Promotes social changes that benefit the health of groups and populations Wheel intervention
Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of a windshield survey?
Provide familiarity and context to the nurse who is new to a community and its members.
Health impact pyramid
Public health impact of interventions at different levels in the social ecologic model
Surveillance
Public health wheel Monitor health events with continous collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data to result in planning, implementation, and evaluation
Second level pyramid
Things that empower others to make healthy choices as a default because a less healthy optino would cost more money, time, or effort - food and drug safety, iodized salt, eliminating trans fat
Social marketing
Use of marketing and technology to assess the needs of a client Wheel intervention
Why is volunteering as a nurse in an at-risk community an important activity?
Volunteering as a nurse brings low-cost medical and nursing expertise to the at-risk community.
Primary prevention
When individuals or groups are in good health with no signs or symptoms of disease or physical challenges and involves maximizing health and wellness Ex: seat belts, hand washing, proper food prep, exercise, immunizations, balanced nutrition
Healthy People 2020
a nationwide health promotion and disease prevention plan designed to serve as a guide for improving the health of all people in the United States - Attain high quality, logner lives free of preventable disease - Achieve health equity, eliminate health disparieis, and improve health - Create social and physical environments that promote good health - Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all stages
health
status of complete wellbeing, not the absence of illness or disease