NURS 660 exam 2 practice quiz: The nurse provides education for clinical staff regarding the processes that move water and electrolytes between body compartments. Which statement made by a participant indicates the need for additional instruction?

Which food item(s) would the nurse include in the patient's diet to help correct hypokalemia?

-tomato sauce -milk -potatoes -bananas

A patient presents to the emergency department with reports of vomiting and diarrhea for the past 48 hours. The health care provider orders isotonic intravenous (IV) therapy. Which solution will the nurse prepare?

0.9% sodium chloride

The nurse finds that a patient has sudden weight gain, confusion, edema in the dependent areas, and crackles in the lungs upon auscultation. Which condition does the nurse suspect?

ECV (extracellular fluid volume) excess

which patient is at the highest risk of an electrolyte imbalance?

a 98 year old with a temp of 102.3 F and diarrhea

A patient is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which organ system is responsible for compensation in this patient?

renal

a patient with COPD is at risk of which condtion?

resp. acidosis

A patient reports light-headedness and tingling of the fingers. Arterial blood gas laboratory findings show the pH to be above 7.45. Which of the following conditions would the nurse suspect?

respiratory alkalosis

which ion(s) is a cation?

sodium -calcium -potassium

The nurse receives the patient's most recent blood work results. Which laboratory value is of greatest concern?

sodium: 119 mEq/ L

which food item would the nurse include in the diet plan of a patient with a magnesium deficiency>

spinach

The nurse provides education for clinical staff regarding the processes that move water and electrolytes between body compartments. Which statement made by a participant indicates the need for additional instruction?

"osmosis allows the free movement of K across cell membranes"

For which potential complication(s) should the nurse be vigilant for while assessing the patient who has an intravenous line for fluid therapy? Select all that apply.

-bleeding -phlebitis -infection

Which condition(s) may lead to an extracellular fluid (ECF) volume deficit? Select all that apply.

-burns -hemorrhage -adrenal insufficiency

Which disease(s) may cause extracellular fluid (ECF) volume excess? Select all that apply

-cirrhosis -heart failure -acute oliguric renal disease

A patient who is receiving intravenous therapy develops redness, inflammation, swelling, and purulent drainage at the catheter site. Which nursing intervention(s) is useful in this situation? Select all that apply.

-cleaning the skin with alcohol -inserting a new IV line in another extremity

Which assessment finding(s) will alert the nurse that a patient's peripheral IV has infiltrated? Select all that apply.

-edema of the extremity near the insertion site -skin discolored or pale in apperance -skin cool to the touch

a nurse is planning care for a patient with hypokalemia. which interventions should be included in the plan of care?

-implement safety measure to prevent falls -instruct the client about foods that contain potassium -encourage the client to obtain assistance to ambulate

Which patient(s) would the nurse monitor for most closely for the development of hypokalemia?

-patient with diarrhea -patient with vomitting -patient using potassium-wasting diuretics

Which assessment finding(s) would the nurse expect to observe in a patient who has developed phlebitis? Select all that apply.

-red streak along the vein -tenderness and pain -warmth along vein course starting at access site

A patient receiving a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride develops shortness of breath and edema in the extremities. Upon auscultation, the nurse hears crackling sounds in the dependent parts of the lungs. Which nursing intervention(s) should the nurse perform? Select all that apply.

-stop the IV infusion -elevate the HOB -notify the health care provider

Which body fluid is a transcellular fluid? Select all that apply

-synovial fluid -peritoneal fluid -cerebrospinal fluid

Which intravenous fluid is appropriate for a patient who requires isotonic fluids to correct dehydration?

0.9% sodium chloride

Which solution would the nurse hang with a transfusion of packed red blood cells?

0;9% sodium chloride

A patient had 200 mL of ice chips and 900 mL intravenous (IV) fluid during the nurse's shift. Which total intake would the nurse record?

1000mL

The health care provider prescribed 2 L of saline over 10 hours for a patient with diarrhea. Calculate the rate of infusion in mL/hr. (Round to the nearest whole number, enter numbers only, no units of measure).

200

in which patient will the nurse expect to see a positive Chvostek sign?

A 24-year-old admitted for chronic alcohol abuse and pancreatitis

which patient is most likely to have metabolic acidosis?

acute kidney injury; pH 7.23; abdominal pain; compensatory hyperventilation

A patient with blood type A is in need of packed red blood cells in an emergency, but none of the donors of this type are available. Which action would the nurse take

arrange to provide RBCs of group B

The nurse receives a report from a transferring facility regarding a patient's Magnesium level of 0.9 mEq/L. When the patient arrives, the provider prescribes intravenous Magnesium Sulfate. Which of the following nursing actions takes priority?

assess deep tendon reflexes and initiate seizure precautions

Which assessment is most important for the nurse to perform routinely when an older-adult patient is receiving intravenous 0.9% NaCl?

ausculatate dependent portions of lungs

While caring for a patient with gastroenteritis, the nurse finds a supine blood pressure of 90/58 mm Hg and a heart rate of 102 beats per minute. Which condition does the nurse suspect?

deficient fluid volume related to vomiting

During an assessment of a newly admitted client, the nurse notes tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, and dry mucus membranes. The client's spouse tells the nurse the patient seems a little confused and unsteady. Based on these assessment findings, the nurse suspects that the client has which condition?

dehydration

Which type of intravenous (IV) fluid is isotonic when it first enters a patient's vein but has an effective hypotonic concentration after it flows through the vascular system?

dextrose 5% in water (D5W)

Which defining characteristics are consistent with fluid volume deficit?

dry mucous membranes, thready pulse, tachycardia

The skin of a patient receiving intravenous fluids appears blanched, cool to the touch, and edematous. Upon touch, the patient reports pain. Which complication does the nurse suspect?

extravasation

Patients should be taught to replace sweat, vomiting, or diarrhea fluid losses with which type of fluid?

fluid that has sodium in it

The nurse administers an intravenous (IV) hypertonic solution to a patient. In which direction will the fluid shift?

from intracellular - extracellular

which complication would a patient with DKA likely experience?

hyperkalemia

for which reason would a patient with chronic diarrhea show chovstek's sign?

hypocalcemia

which electrolyte disturbance is responsible for tetany and postive Chovstek's and trousseau's sign?

hypocalcemia

Which laboratory finding(s) does the nurse expect for a patient with chronic diarrhea? Select all that apply.

hypocalcemia -hypernatremia -hypomagnesemia

which symptoms may indicate resp. alkalosis in a patient?

increased rate of respirations

which electrolyte controls the function of neuromuscular junctions?

magnesium

A patient who is comatose is admitted to the hospital with an unknown history. Respirations are deep and rapid. Arterial blood gas levels on admission are: pH: 7.20 PaCO2: 21 mm Hg PaO2: 92 mm Hg HCO3-: 8 mEq/L. Which condition do these laboratory values indicate?

metabolic acidosis

A patient is admitted for a bowel obstruction and has had a nasogastric tube set to low intermittent suction for the past 3 days. Which arterial blood gas values will the nurse expect to observe?

metabolic alkalosis

Which process for transporting fluid between the extracellular fluid and the intracellular fluid is impacted when the nurse administers a hypotonic intravenous (IV) solution to the patient who is admitted for the treatment of dehydration?

osmosis

Which blood gas result will the nurse expect to observe in a patient with respiratory alkalosis?

pH 7.53, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L

You are caring for a patient admitted with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who has the following arterial blood gas results: pH: 7.33 PaO2: 47 mm Hg PaCO2: 60 mm Hg HCO3-: 32 mEq/L SpO2: 92%. What is the correct interpretation of these results?

partially compensated respiratory acidosis

which patient is at the highest risk of developing hypokalemia

patient with diarrhea

Which vascular access device (VAD) does the nurse prepare to place for the patient who requires short-term administration of intravenous (IV) antibiotics?

peripheral intravenous catheter

While receiving a blood transfusion, a patient develops chills, tachycardia, and flushing. Which action would the nurse take first?

stop the transfusion

why are older adults prone to dehydration?

the ability of their kidneys to concentrate urine decreases

When assessing a patient admitted with nausea and vomiting, which finding supports the nursing diagnosis of fluid volume deficit?

urine specific gravity 1.045