NUT - Chapter 6 - Protein

Which of the following will NOT cause a loss of skeletal muscle mass? A. a low-calorie diet B. lack of physical activity C. consuming only plant proteins D. any illness or dietary inadequacy accompanying ageing

C. consuming only plant proteins

Which of the following would be LEAST likely to increase urea synthesis? A. increasing one's protein intake from the RDA to twice the RDA B. loss of muscle mass C. increased protein turnover and resynthesis D. increased use of amino acids as an energy source

C. increased protein turnover and resynthesis

All of the following are true regarding marasmus EXCEPT: A. it often causes permanent brain damage. B. it occurs with prolonged deficiency of protein and calorie intake. C. it typically causes edema. D. body fat is nearly absent.

C. it typically causes edema

Which of the following statements about protein digestion is NOT true? A. Stomach acid unfolds a protein. B. Individual amino acids leave the mucosal cells through transport proteins and enter the blood. C. Brush border proteases digest short peptides into tripeptides, dipeptides, and individual amino acids. D. Pepsin, produced by cells lining the small intestine, breaks down the denatured protein into large polypeptide fragments.

D. Pepsin, produced by cells lining the small intestine, breaks down the denatured protein into large polypeptide fragments

Which of the following protein sources will have a limiting amino acid? A. soy B. milk C. quinoa D. corn

D. corn

All of the following are true of protein turnover EXCEPT: A. an increase in amino acid metabolism will increase urea production. B. proteins being resynthesized will fluctuate in response to physiological demands. C. proteins in all cells, tissues, and organs are constantly being broken down. D. the diet is the source of most of the amino acids in the amino acid pool.

D. the diet is the source of most of the amino acids in the amino acid pool

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about protein denaturation? A. It typically destroys the function of proteins. B. Denaturation breaks peptide bonds. C. During digestion, it occurs primarily in the small intestine. D. It causes proteins to coil and condense

A. It typically destroys the function of proteins

Which of the following individuals is NOT in positive nitrogen balance? A. a 35-year-old man on a high-protein diet with normal levels of physical activity B. a 25-year-old woman who has recently begun intense resistance training C. a pregnant woman D. a growing child

A. a 35-year old man on a high-protein diet with normal levels of physical activity

One month ago, a teenage girl stopped eating animal-derived foods and now only consumes vegetables and fruits. She is now experiencing either a cold and/or an infection. This is probably due to inadequate protein intake for: A. synthesizing antibodies. B. maintaining tissue fluid balance. C. maintaining blood pH balance. D. proper hormone regulation.

A. synthesizing antibodies

Two proteins contain the same number of the 20 different amino acids, yet they do not have the same three-dimensional structure and function. This is because: A. the proteins differ in the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. B. the proteins differ in their monosaccharide units. C. the proteins differ in their types of peptide bonds. D. the proteins differ in their carbon side chains.

A. the proteins differ in the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Which of the following provides approximately 8 grams of protein? A. 1 cup of spaghetti noodles B. 1 cup of milk C. 2 ounces of fish D. 1 large egg

B. 1 cup of milk

What is the RDA for protein for an adult who weighs 143 pounds? A. 81 g B. 52 g C. 58 g D. 46 g

B. 52 g

Amino acids consumed in excess of our needs will NOT: A. cause an increase in urea excretion. B. be used as a source of energy. C. be stored as proteins. D. be stored as fat.

C. be stored as proteins

Which of the following is a TRUE statement during protein digestion? A. The pancreas produces hydrochloric acid. B. Tripeptides are often digested after they are absorbed by mucosal cells. C. The pancreas produces enzymes that predominantly digest short peptides. D. The breakdown of proteins begins in the small intestine.

B. Tripeptides are often digested after they are absorbed by mucosal cells

Which of the following is TRUE in regard to protein synthesis? A. Proteins are assembled in the nucleus. B. Ribosomes read the amino acid sequence from DNA. C. The first step in protein synthesis is transcription. D. Peptide bonds link amino acids between their side chain and amino group.

C. The first step in protein synthesis is transcription

Which of the following is NOT true of complementary proteins? A. They have different limiting amino acids. B. Their consumption improves the overall protein quality of the diet. C. They must be consumed during the same meal. D. They are of no concern for those who consume animal proteins.

C. They must be consumed during the same meal

A child with kwashiorkor has a swollen belly appearance due to: A. eating too many fatty foods. B. eating too much starchy gruel. C. not eating enough protein to synthesize proteins needed to maintain fluid balance or transport fat from the liver. D. not eating enough protein to maintain lean body mass.

C. not eating enough protein to synthesize proteins needed to maintain fluid balance or transport fat from the liver

What is the protein recommendation for elderly individuals to help maintain lean body mass? A. 0.8 g/kg body weight B. 1.0 g/kg body weight C. 1.7 g/kg body weight D. 1.2 g/kg body weight

D. 1.2 g/kg body weight

Which of the following is NOT true of amino acids? A. The only difference between amino acids is their side chain. B. Only nine amino acids must be provided by our diet. C. All amino acids contain nitrogen. D. All amino acids are composed of an acid group, an amino group, and a carbon side chain.

D. All amino acids are composed of an acid group, an amino group, and a carbon side chain

A health food store claims that you need to buy enzyme supplements because "your body's ability to make its own enzymes has been compromised by the common diet of overprocessed food." Using your knowledge of digestion, why would it be useless to purchase enzyme supplements? A. The supplemental enzyme would be rapidly degraded by salivary amylase. B. The supplemental enzyme is "resistant" to stomach acid and would be absorbed in original form through the stomach. C. The supplemental enzymes would be absorbed in the original form from the small intestine. D. Enzymes are proteins and would be broken down into amino acids and no longer be functional.

D. Enzymes are proteins and would be broken down into amino acids and no longer be functional