NUTR 132 Introductory Nutrition (CSULB) EXAM 1
the GI tract?
- mouth - esophagus - stomach - small intestine - large intestine - rectum
what is villi?
-The inside of the small intestine is covered in million of villi. Villi have three features that make absorbing digested food into the bloodstream very efficient: -They have a very good blood supply via a capillary network to assist quick absorbtion of digested food.
How many calories per gram in alcohol ?
7 calories per gram
Esophagus
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
characteristics and function of vitamin B
B vitamins act as coenzymes which play a role in your metabolism helps breakdown carbs, fat, protein which gives us energy
small intestine
Chemical and Absorption digestion - Pancreatic juices (enzymes) - Bicarbonate (pancreas) - Bile (liver and gallbladder) - Villi
DV
Daily Value Use as a rough guide for comparing the nutrients content of a food to approx human needs.
EER
Estimated Energy Requirement Use to estimate cal needs of the avg. person within a specific height, wt, gender, age, and physical activity pattern
3 leading cause of death in which diet plays a role?
Health, fitness, and nutrition
Chyme is
Mixture of food, chemicals, and enzymes in the stomach
Nutrients that provide energy
Most carbohydrates Proteins Most lipids (fats and oils)
What is an essential nutrients?
Nutrients that must be obtained from our diet because our body is not able to make it
Ulcers
Open sores in the lining of the digestive system (infections or over use of NSAIDs) burning sensation, bloating, and pain are the symptoms
Nutrients classes that promote growth
Proteins, Lipids, Some vitamins, some minerals, water
RDA
Recommended Dietary Allowance Use to evaluate your current intake for a specific nutrients. The further you stray above or below this value, the greater your chances of developing nutritional problems
large intestine
The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body - fermentation (gas) - prepares for elimination
How is a heartburn formed? and food that causes it?
When acid comes up from the stomach to the esophagus. Can damage the esophagus. These foods trigger it is spicy foods, tomatoes, chocolate, coffee
what is nutrient density?
a measure of nutrients provided per calorie of food. A nutrient-dense food provides vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial substances with relatively few calories.
What is energy density?
a measure of the energy a food provides relative to the weight of the food
What is chime?
a mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices
What is a mineral?
a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition (structural simple)
What is a sphincter?
a ring of muscle surrounding and serving to guard or close an opening or tube the openings of the stomach.
AI
adequate intake -- use to evaluate your current intake of nutrients but realize that an AI designation implies that further research is required before scientists can establish a more definitive recommendation
microbiome
all of the microorganisms that live in a particular environment, such as a human body
what is proportionality?
balance of food intake
what does bile do?
breaks down fat
What are the six classes of nutrients?
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
What is the three nutrients macronutrients?
carbohydrates, protein, and lipid
stomach
chemical and mechanical digestion - Gastric Juice with HCL and Enzymes breaking down the food - Mucus covering the inside layer of the stomach - Chyme
what is an enzyme? and its role during the digestive system?
chemical reaction that breaks down food
mouth
digestion begins; chemical and mechanical digestion (taste, chewing, saliva = lubrication and enzymes)
what is variety?
eating a wide selection of foods within and among the major food groups
ways to prevent constipation
eating fiber, exercising , and drinking more water
fatty acids
help regulate BP and play a role in the synthesis and repair of vital cell parts
function and deficiency of vitamin A
helps maintain epithelial health (think all the cells that line every part of your body (lungs, Intestines, stomach, etc) healthy epithelial prevents Infection helps immune cells deficiency of vitamin A, fat malnourishment and liver issues
Probiotics
live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect
Three accessory organs of digestion
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
what is a good way to preserve vitamins in food?
low steam
What is a vitamin?
main function, is to enable many chemical reactions to occur in the body
Prebiotics
nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the intestine
What is the definition of moderation?
portion size of food/liquid intake
what does mucus do?
protects the stomach from acidity & enzymes
Nutrients
substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of a healthy body
What is peristalsis?
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward.
chewing
the state of digestion, not chewing can lead to indigestion
what is nutrition?
the study of nutrients and how the body uses them
UL
upper level Use to evaluate the highest amt of daily nutrient intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects in the long ru in almost all people (97% to 98%) in a pop. This number applies to chronic uses and is set to protect even people in the healthy general pop.
What food should Americans eat more?
vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fat-free and low-fat dairy products, lean meats, seafood, other protein foods, and oils.
difference between water soluble vitamins and fat soluble vitamins?
water soluble vitamins not stored in the body only fat soluble vitamins stores in the body water soluble damaged while cooking and fat soluble vitamins are absorbed into fat while cooking
what is poop made out of?
water, fiber, bacteria, cells, and mucous
