NutR 150
Which of the following foods would have the highest nutrient density? 3 ounces of baked chicken without the skin. 3 ounces of fried chicken. They all have the same level of nutrient density. 3 ounces chicken salad (chicken cubes with mayonnaise and seasonings).
3 ounces of baked chicken without the skin.
A diet recall shows an intake of 2000 calories and 200 grams of protein. What is the percentage of calories from protein?
40% of calories came from protein This already tell you the total calories. All you have to worry about is making the grams of protien into kcals.. so 200x 4= 800 800/2000 x 100= 40%
Which of the following nutrients are macronutrients?
Lipids is a nutrient needed in gram quantities in the diet. Carbohydrate, lipids, and protein are macronutrients. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients. (Review the macronutrient/micronutrient video and Section 1.4 of the textbook.)
is an essential amino acid.
Lysine
Which of the following represents the correct order of steps of the scientific method?
Make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, and form a theory.
A group of researchers want to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of consuming cinnamon on a type 2 diabetic's blood glucose levels. Match the following steps with the order they would appear in the scientific method.
Make observations and ask questions about cinnamon and blood glucose levels. Develop a hypothesis about cinnamon and blood glucose levels. Conduct a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment with participants who have type 2 diabetes. Compare results from control group with the experimental group.
Marta is 22 years of age and weighs 132 pounds (60 kg). Calculate her individualized RDA for protein.
To figure out the protein RDA take the person's weight in kg and multiply it by 0.8 gm/kg. 60 kg x 0.8 gm/kg = 48 gm
The best definition of the purpose of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) is:
To recommend the amounts of energy, nutrients, and other food components that healthy people should consume in order to stay healthy, reduce the risk of chronic disease, and prevent deficiencies.
How are most of the non-essential amino acids made in the body?
Transamination
Results from a single experiment are not enough to develop a reliable theory.
True (See textbook, page 23.)
.The MyPlate visual shows a plate divided into four categories representing fruits, veggies, grains, and protein. Dairy is shown just off to the side. Incorporating all food groups visually in the MyPlate Food guide best represents which principle of meal planning?
Variety
Anecdotal evidence is
rumor or personal testimony not based on scientifc method not fully measured or evaulated
In the MyPlate Eating Patterns, 1.5 ounces of cheddar cheese would count as .
1 cup equivalent of dairy
In the MyPlate food guide, 2 ounces of processed cheese would count as:
1 cup equivalent of dairy
In the MyPlate Food Guide, all of the following represent one cup equivalent of dairy except:
1.5 ounces fat-free processed cheese.
Using the MyPlate food group definitions and amounts, evaluate the number of protein ounce equivalents in the following lunch: 2 cups raw spinach 1/4 cup cooked kidney beans 1 egg, sliced1.5 oz. cheddar cheese 1 oz. ham 1/4 cup dried cranberries
1/4 cup cooked kidney beans: counts as 1 ounce of protein 1 egg, sliced: counts as 1 ounce of protein 1 oz. ham: counts as 1 ounce of protein 3 oz. protein equivalent
What is the copper UL for a 20-year-old male?
10,000 mcg
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein is:
10-35% of total calorie intake
Maria is a 56-year-old woman. Using your DRI tables, what is her recommended intake for calcium?
1200 milligrams
What is the vitamin C RDA for a 3-year-old girl?
15 mg
How many calories in a hot dog that has 1 gram of carbohydrate, 7 grams of protein, and 16 grams of fat?
176 kcals 1 gram of carbohydrate X 4 = 4 kcals7 grams of protein X 4 = 28 kcals16 grams of fat X 9 = 144 kcalsSo the total kcals = 4 + 28 + 144 = 176 kcals. (See the How to Calculate Total Calories video and pages 8-10 of the textbook.)
DGA is designed for professionals to help all individuals ages __________ years and older and their families consume a healthy, nutritionally adequate diet.
2
Using the USDA Food Patterns, how many cup equivalents of vegetables would the following menu provide? (You may use the USDA Food Patterns information in the NUTR 150 Supplemental Tables booklet.) 1 cup chopped Romaine Lettuce 1 cup mashed potatoes
2 cup equivalents of vegetables (is the reason why is because the lettuce is chopped up, which is why it equal 1 cup?
Using MyPlate, the USDA food guide, evaluate the number of ounce equivalents of grain in the following lunch: 2 slices rye bread
2 ounce equivalents of grain General answer comments There are 2-ounce equivalents of grains with the two slices of bread.
Using MyPlate, the USDA food guide, evaluate the number of protein ounce equivalents in the following breakfast: 1 ounce slivered almonds
2 ounce equivalents of protein 1/2 ounce of nuts equal 1 ounce equivalents of protein, so 1 ounce of nuts equal 2 ounces.
What percent of the total calories would be provided by protein if a person's dietary intake for one day consisted of 350 grams of carbohydrate, 130 grams of protein, and 80 grams of fat? (Round to the nearest whole number)
20% of the total calories came from protein kcals carbs: 4 protein: 4 fats: 9 grams: carbs: 350 protein: 130 fat: 80 total kcals of carbs: 350x 4= 1,400 protein 130 x 4= 520 fats 80x 9= 720 total calories: (kcals) 720+ 520 + 1,400= 2,640 Proteins/ total calories x 100 520/ 2,640 x 100= 19.6= 20%
(Case Study) How many total calories does Adam's 1-day intake provide?
2599 o 371 grams of carbohydrates, 87 grams of fat, and 83 grams of protein - Carb: 4 kcals/ grams - Proteins: 4 kcals/ grams - Lipids (fats) 9 kcals/ grams For Carbs 1484 (371 x 4) For Proteins 332 ( 83 x 4) For Lipids (Fats) 783 (87 x 9) Total calories 2599
Mary, a 29-year-old woman, weighs 114.4 pounds (52 kg). What is her individualized RDA for protein? (Round to the nearest whole number)
42 grams of protein The adult RDA for protein is 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram body weight. To calculate an adult RDA for protein, multiply the weight in kilograms by 0.8. Lets say we only knew how many pounds an individual was and not the Kg. 1 kg equal 2.2 pounds. so if someone weigh 114.4, you would find how much they weigh in Kg by dividing 114.4 by 2.2 which will get you 52 kg. Then you can multiple. 52 kg x 0.8= 42 grams of protein.
7 grams of alcohol provides _________________.
49 kcals Although alcohol is not a nutrient, it does provide 7 kilocalories per gram, so 7 grams of alcohol would provide 49 kilocalories. (See textbook, page 10.)
Filippe, a 43-year-old man, weighs 160.6 pounds (73 kg). What is his individualized RDA for protein? (Round to the nearest whole number)
58 grams of protein The adult RDA for protein is 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram body weight. To calculate an adult RDA for protein, multiply the weight in kilograms by 0.8. Let say we didn't know it was 73 kg, that we only had the pounds amount. i kilogram= 2.2 pounds. so if someone weigh 167 pounds, you will divide it by 2.2 which will get you 73 kg. then you can solve the problem.
Matt, a 30-year-old man, weighs 170 pounds (77 kg). What is his individualized RDA for protein?
62 grams The adult RDA for protein is 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram body weight. To calculate an adult RDA for protein, multiply the weight in kilograms by 0.8. 77 x 0.8= 62 Let say we didn't know it was 77 kg, that we only had the pounds amount. 1 kilogram= 2.2 pounds. so if someone weigh 170 pounds, you will divide it by 2.2 which will get you 77 kg. then you can solve the problem.
Sarah, a 55-year-old woman, weighs 178.2 pounds (81 kg). What is her individualized RDA for protein? (Round to the nearest whole number)
65 grams of protein The adult RDA for protein is 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram body weight. To calculate an adult RDA for protein, multiply the weight in kilograms by 0.8. 81 x 0.8= 65 grams to find the an indivdiual weigh of kg if you only have the pounds, divide 178.2 with 2.2 (2.2 pounds is worth 1 KG).
What percent of the total calories would be provided by protein if a person's dietary intake for one day consisted of 300 grams of carbohydrate, 40 grams of protein, and 60 grams of fat? (Round to the nearest whole number)
8% of the total calories came from protein % of Calories from Protein = Calories from protein X 100 Total Calories reminder there is 4kcals in protein, 4 kcals in carbs, and 9 kcals in fats. to find the total calories you need to find muliplte 300 grams of carbs with 4 kcals, 40 grams of protein with 4 kcals, and 60 grams of fat with 9 kcals, then add it all together. Look in study guide 6 for example.
100% of the daily value for vitamin C is . (Refer to Section 3.1, table 1, use the information for the new DV.)
90 mg
Which of the following types of evidence would be considered the strongest?
A large, double-blinded experimental study.
(Case Study) What is Kwashiorkor?
A protein-energy malnutrition caused by inadequate protein intake.
(Case Study) How many Kcal per gram do carbohydrates and fats, respectively, provide?
Carbohydrates = 4; Fats = 9
Which of the following is not an essential nutrient?
Although cholesterol is needed by the body, it is not an essential nutrient because the body can make sufficient amounts. (Review essential nutrient video.)
Which of the following foods need to be avoided on a gluten-free diet?
Beef and barley soup Wheat, rye, and barley need to be avoided on a gluten-free diet. (See textbook, Section 4.6.
neutralizes the acidic chyme as it enters the small intestine.
Bicarbonate
If an old label said a serving of a product o f100% of the DV for Vitamin C, how much Vitamins C would it have? (It has 60 Mg to begin with) what about 50% of the DV for Vitamin C? what about 10% of the DV for vitamin C?
Briefly, by knowing the first answer, the other two are simply division. If 100% is equal to 60 mg, then 50% (or 1/2) is 30 mg. 10% is calculated by 60 mg divided by 10% equals 6. (I thought you can't divide by percent, but will have to change 10% in 0.10, so the way to get the correct answer if you do change it into 0.10, is multiple.
What is the best way to describe a phytochemical?
Compounds found in plant foods that may have health benefits.
In a scientific experiment, the group of participants used as a basis of comparison is the _______
Control group
A peanut butter label states that it is reduced fat. This means that the peanut butter has at least
Correct. On the food label, reduced or less fat means the food provides at least 25% less fat than the reference food. (See textbook, page 572.)
Which recommendation is not included in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020?
Correct. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 does not have a specific number set to limit cholesterol as in previous editions; however, that does not mean dietary cholesterol is not important to consider when building healthy eating patterns. (Review the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020.)
If a person is consuming a 2,000 Calorie MyPlate meal plan, what is the recommended limit on added sugar?
Correct. The added sugars recommendation for a 2000 calorie meal plan is 200 calories or 50 grams. (Review figure 20.)
What types of disease are usually the result from undernutrition?
Deficiency diseases Undernutrition usually results in deficiency diseases. Overnutrition often results in chronic diseases.
___ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function.
Denaturation
Previous editions of the DGA primarily focused on individual dietary components such as food groups and nutrients. What is the primary focus of the DGA 2015-2020?
Eating patterns
___________________ explore(s) health and disease trends and patterns in populations.
Epidemiology studies
What study type can help determine a cause & effect relationship in humans?
Experimental
What study type will usually has at least two groups with one group receiving an "intervention" and the other group receiving a "placebo"?
Experimental
Which of the following can determine cause-and-effect relationships?
Experimental research such as a clinical trials Testimonials are based on one person's experience and do not show cause and effect. Epidemiological studies identify patterns but do not determine cause-and-effect relationships. Experimental studies are needed to show cause and effect. (Review textbook, Section 2.1.)
Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because he feels the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. This would be classified as reliable, evidence-based information.
False
Active transport of nutrients occurs when nutrients need to move from higher concentration to lower concentration
False Active transport allows molecules to be transported from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. (See textbook, Section 4.4 and Figure 7.
Gram for gram, which provides the most energy (calories)?
Fats provides 9 kilocalories per gram, carbohydrate provides 4 kilocalories per gram, and protein provides 4 kilocalories per gram. Alcohol is not a nutrient, but it provides 7 kilocalories per gram. Gram for gram, fats provide the most kilocalories. (See textbook, pages 8-12.)
In the United States, the investigates complaints about false or misleading health claims that appear in food advertisements.
Federal Trade Commission
When combined, which of the following groups of foods forms a complementary protein dish?
Lentils and rice
Case Study) Which of the following was NOT listed as a possible side effect for colon cleansing on the Mayo Clinic website?
Headaches The Mayo Clinic website listed infection, electrolyte imbalance, and rectum perforation as potential side effects for colon cleansing.
Which of the following is a function of protein in the body?
Helps regulate fluid balance in the body.
Nutrition science is considered provisional. This means
Ideas can be revised with new evidence.
Which is TRUE regarding Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)?
It is the maximum daily intake that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects.
Which of the following is the best definition for nutrition science?
It is the study of the composition of foods, how the body is nourished, and how nourishment affects health.
What study type may not apply to people but can provide supporting evidence for a hypothesis?
Laboratory
(Case study) Courtney is not following the principle of moderation in which of the following nutrients?
Moderation is not eating to the extremes, neither too much nor too little. Courtney is eating more sodium than recommended—she is eating 3293 mg and it is recommended that she eat no more than 2300 mg. Her total fat intake is within the recommended percentage and she is not consuming any alcohol
What is the resulting product of cellular respiration?
Most of the energy released in cellular respiration is used to make ATP. (See textbook, figure 3.19, page 90.)
The bolus of food moves through the esophagus by involuntary muscular contraction called _____________. Lipolysis
Peristalsis is the rhythmic contractions of smooth muscles which move the food through the esophagus and GI tract. (See textbook, Section 4.2 and Digestion video).
Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of zinc supplements on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain zinc to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain zinc or other active ingredients to another group of human subjects. The pills that do not contain zinc are:
Placebos
(Case study) Is Courtney following the principle of balance?
Probably not. It is hard to tell from a one-day intake, but her lunch, dinner, and snacks are not very nutrient dense. Although it is hard to determine from a single-day record, the principle of balance teaches us that it is okay to choose a meal that is less nutrient dense occasionally, but we should choose higher nutrient dense choices for our remaining meals and snacks. Courtney's lunch, dinner, and snacks are not very nutrient dense and this would suggest that she is not following the principle of balance.
Case Study) Which of the following is an energy-yielding nutrient? Protein Vitamins Minerals Water
Protein
dietary proteins that have been digested and absorbed and body proteins that have been broken down.
Providing insulation and warmth for the body
Where does the majority of the chemical digestion of protein occur?
Small intestine
Chyme moves from the stomach into the ____________.
Small intestine . (See textbook, Section 4.3 and Digestion video)
Which of the following foods is a good source of high-quality (complete) dietary protein?
Soy milk
Researchers at a major American university conducted a scientific study to investigate nutritional factors that contribute to heart disease. Which of the following activities is most likely to be a part of their research efforts?
Submitting an article describing the results of the study to a peer-reviewed journal. Researchers usually share their information by sending descriptions of their research and results to peer-reviewed scientific journals.
What does the nutrient descriptor "High Fiber" on the label mean?
That the food contains 20% or more of the daily value for fiber. The nutrient descriptor high [or excellent] means there is at least 20% DV for that nutrient.
How many micrograms (µg) are in one gram?
There are 1,000,000 micrograms (µg) in one gram.
Which of the following are accessory organs to the digestive track?
There are four accessory organs: salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
What happens to food substances that are not absorbed?
They are excreted. Food substances (such as gum) which are not absorbed will be excreted from the body as feces. (See textbook, Section 4.4.)
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, is designed to help all of the following individuals except for a(n) .
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 are designed to help individuals two years and older consume a well-balanced, adequate diet. So an 18-month-old toddler would be under two years old. (Review Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 Executive Summary and the readings, section 3.4.)
(Case Study) Which of the following did the NIDDK website on "constipation" list as possible causes for constipation? (Select all that apply.)
The NIDDK website listed all four items (not enough fiber in the diet, lack of physical activity, medications, and aging or older adults) as potential causes for constipation
Which of the following best describes the term "double burden of malnutrition"?
The double burden of malnutrition is the presence of both undernutrition and overnutrition in a country.
Which of the following are characteristics of questionable nutrition claims? (Select two of the following options.)
The evidence used to support the claim are personal testimonials or anecdotal. The person making the claim stands to make a profit.
Which of the following statements is false?
The internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information because information posted on websites has been peer reviewed. . The peer review process is used in scientific journals. Although websites on the internet may be a source of reliable information, they are not required to peer review their information. You need to evaluate the source of information on websites. (See textbook, pages 18-22.)
Mike is 24 years old. Based on the DRI tables, what is the maximum amount of iron he could take without negative effects?
The iron UL for an adult male is 45 milligrams. (Review DRI tables.)
Which of the following is true of the microvilli?
The microvilli helps to increase the surface area available for absorption in the small intestine (Principles of Nutrition; section 4.3)
Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?
The pancreas produces and secretes amylase, proteases, and lipases that are essential for proper digestion. (See textbook, Section 4.2, Table 2)
If a person ate one can of chicken chow mein, how many Calories would they consume?
The person would consume 300 Calories. There are three servings in a can and each serving is 100 kcals. (See textbook, page 50.)
(Case study) What could Courtney change in her diet to better follow the principle of variety?
The principle of variety refers to consuming different foods from each food group on a regular basis. Courtney ate no fruits and vegetables and by adding that to her diet it would help improve her variety.
How many people in the United States have one or more preventable, diet-related chronic disease?
about half
The essential nutrients _____________________
cannot be made by the body or made in sufficient quantities and therefore must be consumed to maintain health. cannot be made by the body or made in sufficient quantities. It is necessary to consume the essential nutrient to prevent a deficiency. (See the essential nutrient video and page 4 of the textbook.)
The amino acid pool is replenished by:
dietary proteins that have been digested and absorbed and body proteins that have been broken down.
Bile acts as a(n) .
emulsifier to disperse lipids in water.See textbook, Section 4.3 and Bile video
(Case Study) According to the "Ethiopian Humanitarian" video, only children are given Atmit.
false
Which letter on the following chart represents the nutrient level recommended in the RDA?
far right (C)
Where in the cell does the citric acid cycle take place?
in the mitochondrion. (See textbook, figure 3.19, page 90.)
The chemical digestion of food begins in the ___________.
mouth Chemical and mechanical digestion of food begins in the mouth. (See textbook, Section 4.2 and the Digestion video.)
Select the letter that indicates where pepsin is produced.
stomach
A protein-energy malnutrition caused by inadequate protein intake.
sugar oatmeal powdered milk
One of the Dietary Guidelines recommends Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount. Many people confuse the concept of nutrient density with energy density. The concept of energy density refers to number of calories per gram of food. Whereas nutrient density refers to: (see textbook section 1.3)
the amount of nutrients per calorie
In the deamination process, the amino group is removed and converted into .
urea
