Nutrition 2

List the events prior to the publishing of experimental results in scientific journals.

- critical review by other subject-matter experts - subject-matter experts ensure objective research findings are published

Consumers need to be skeptical of nutrition and health-related claims because?

- the FDA cannot prevent the spread of published misinformation - promoters of worthless nutrition products are good marketers - nutrition misinformation can be spread through a variety of sources

In a _________ study, epidemiologists collect and analyze various kinds of information about a large group of people over time.

cohort

A _________ group, which receives no treatment, allows researchers to determine if an experimental treatment has any effect.

control

When two variables have a relationship they are said to be in _________ with each other but you cannot say there is a cause and effect relationship.

correlation

A member of a treatment group?

receives a medication or exercise that is being evaluated

Observational epidemiological studies cannot establish?

Causation

The critical analysis of an article about a study submitted to a journal that is conducted by a group of investigators who were not part of the study but are experts in the field is called?

Peer review

Nutrition researchers rely on the _________ method, which involves making observations, asking questions, and developing hypotheses.

Scientific

Which of the following is true about control groups?

The results of an experiment are unclear or inaccurate if no control group is used

Studying different dietary practices and diseases occurrences among populations, nutrition scientists may learn much about the influence of diet on health.

True

An __________ is a report of personal experiences.

anecdote

The study of dietary and disease patterns among various populations is known as?

epidemiology

An ___________ is a systematic way of testing a hypothesis.

experiment

The ________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom of the press and speech, so people can provide false nutrition information.

first

When a population's intake of fruit consumption increases and the same population's percentage of people with hypertension decreases, this is an example of an _______ correlation.

inverse

Experimental epidemiology studies utilize?

- a treatment group - a control group

Generally, a fake medicine or treatment used to disguise the treatments given to the participants in an experiment is called a _______.

placebo

A ___________ is a factor, such as a person's age, weight, or environment, that can change and influence an outcome.

variable

Experiments using whole, living organisms are classified as in _____, whereas "test tube" experiments are classified as in _______.

vivo, vitro

Which of the following occurs after completion of an experiment?

- Scientists summarize the findings - Scientists figure out if the findings support or disprove the hypothesis - scientists seek to publish the results in scientific journals

Why might nutrition researchers reach conflicting results when performing similar studies?

- a different set of subjects may alter the results - the results were analyzed in different ways - studies may differ in design

Nutrient deficiency diseases are a result of?

- lack of proper nutrition - poor diets

Who are the subjects in a case-control study?

- persons with the disease or condition under investigation - persons without the disease or condition under investigation

Epidemiologists often rely on __________ people to obtain health data.

- physical examinations of - surveys of

They dynamic and rapidly advancing field of nutrition necessitates that scientists change their recommendations in the light of new, substantiated findings.

True