Nutrition 2

Which of the following alternative (artificial) sweeteners is made up of two amino acids, aspartate and phenylalanine. As a result, people with phenylketouria (PKU), who cannot metabolize phenylalanine, need to be aware of which products contain this sweetener?

Aspartame

Which of the following fats is the most saturated?

Coconut oil

The extent to which food raises the blood glucose level and elects an insulin response can be measure and ranked on a scale called the:

glycemic index

All of the following compounds are fiber except

glycogen

The main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol is:

high saturated and trans fat intake

Which of the following words on an ingredient list would alert you to the presence of trans fatty acids in the product?

hydrogenated vegetable oil

Which of the following is not a function of fat in the human body?

Carries the water-soluble vitamins

Which statement about trans fatty acids is true?

They arise when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated

What is the fate of disaccharides not digested in the small intestine?

They pass into the colon and are fermented by bacteria

The terms for the "family" of organic compounds that is soluble in organic solvents but not in water is:

lipids

What is the name of the enzyme located in the capillaries that breaks down triglycerides in VLDL and chylomicrons?

lipoprotein lipase

In the water environment of the small intestine, phospholipids interact with breakdown products of triglycerides to form small lipid droplets. This aids in the absorption of the fats. What is the name of these small lipid droplets?

micelles

Which of the following animal derived foods contains significant amounts of carbohydrates?

milk

the term "simple carbohydrates" refers to

monosaccharides and disaccharides

Which of the following foods does not contain cholesterol?

peanuts

If fat in a container is solid at room temperature, what type of fat is it?

saturated fat

The disaccharides include:

sucrose, maltose, lactose

Carbohydrates are essential to provide energy for the body because:

the glucose that is produced from them is vital to fuel most of the body's cells.

In evaluating the potential link between high-fructose corn syrup (HCFS) and obesity scientists have found that:

the metabolic effects of sucrose and HFCS are mostly similar

Triglycerides consist of

thee fatty acids attached to a glycerol

Grapes and grape soda both provide sugars, but the grapes are a healthier choice because:

they provide fiber and phytochemicals

What is (are) the reason(s) to saturate a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

to make the lipid more solid and increase the self-life of foods are both correct

Corn oil is composed primarily of...

triglycerides

The major storage form of fats in our body is

triglycerides

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes, people should obtain about _____ percent of their daily energy from carbohydrates.

45-65

Soluble fiber is described as "viscous" because it:

Forms gels

Which of the following hormones causes the breakdown of liver glycogen back into glucose and the synthesis of glucose by the liver from non carbohydrate precursors?

Glucagon

Potential harmful effects of too much fiber include:

Limited absorption of iron, zinc, or calcium

Which of the following nutrients is not required by law to be added to retained grain products?

Magnesium

Which of the following helps prevent type 2 diabetes?

Maintaining a healthy weight

How can you tell whether a fat contains primarily saturated or unsaturated fatty acids?

Oils that remain liquid at room temperature are primarily unsaturated

Chronic constipation can increase the risk of developing...

Only diverticula, and hemorrhoids are correct

Which of the following is characteristic of Type I diabetes?

The person's immune system attacks the cells of the pancreas

Intestinal cells package dietary triglycerides into lipoprotein called

VLDL (low density lipoproteins)

Which monosaccharide is responsible for the sweet taste of fruit:?

fructose

Which of the following is NOT a desirable blood lipid value?

High LDL

Current dietary guidelines for the United States recommend:

Increased consumption of fiber-rich whole food sources of carbs

What is the name of the lipoprotein that carries cholesterol from the liver to the tissues of the body?

LDL (low density lipoprotein)

Fatty acids may differ from one another:

chain length and degree of saturation

The best way to increase consumption of omega-3 fatty acids is to:

choose fish as a protein food often

The role of bile in fat digestion is to:

emulsify fats in the small intestine

Which of the following is not a characteristic of phospholipid?

is a precursor for the sex hormone testosterone

Which statements concerning cholesterol is false?

it is an essential nutrient

Which of the following statements is true of linoleic acid?

it is found in vegetable oils

What is the fate of the majority of cholesterol in bile after it is released into the small intestine?

it is reabsorbed by the small intestine and taken to the liver

The incomplete breakdown of fat that occurs when carbohydrates are not available produces:

ketone bodies

Diabetes increase the risk of developing which of the following conditions?

kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, blindness in adulthood

What enzyme is responsible for the digestion of starches in the small intestine?

pancreatic amylase

Which outcome is not an effect of fiber?

promotes weight gain and feeling of fullness

Which of the following is a major source of lactose?

skim milk