Nutrition 2
Which of the following alternative (artificial) sweeteners is made up of two amino acids, aspartate and phenylalanine. As a result, people with phenylketouria (PKU), who cannot metabolize phenylalanine, need to be aware of which products contain this sweetener?
Aspartame
Which of the following fats is the most saturated?
Coconut oil
The extent to which food raises the blood glucose level and elects an insulin response can be measure and ranked on a scale called the:
glycemic index
All of the following compounds are fiber except
glycogen
The main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol is:
high saturated and trans fat intake
Which of the following words on an ingredient list would alert you to the presence of trans fatty acids in the product?
hydrogenated vegetable oil
Which of the following is not a function of fat in the human body?
Carries the water-soluble vitamins
Which statement about trans fatty acids is true?
They arise when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated
What is the fate of disaccharides not digested in the small intestine?
They pass into the colon and are fermented by bacteria
The terms for the "family" of organic compounds that is soluble in organic solvents but not in water is:
lipids
What is the name of the enzyme located in the capillaries that breaks down triglycerides in VLDL and chylomicrons?
lipoprotein lipase
In the water environment of the small intestine, phospholipids interact with breakdown products of triglycerides to form small lipid droplets. This aids in the absorption of the fats. What is the name of these small lipid droplets?
micelles
Which of the following animal derived foods contains significant amounts of carbohydrates?
milk
the term "simple carbohydrates" refers to
monosaccharides and disaccharides
Which of the following foods does not contain cholesterol?
peanuts
If fat in a container is solid at room temperature, what type of fat is it?
saturated fat
The disaccharides include:
sucrose, maltose, lactose
Carbohydrates are essential to provide energy for the body because:
the glucose that is produced from them is vital to fuel most of the body's cells.
In evaluating the potential link between high-fructose corn syrup (HCFS) and obesity scientists have found that:
the metabolic effects of sucrose and HFCS are mostly similar
Triglycerides consist of
thee fatty acids attached to a glycerol
Grapes and grape soda both provide sugars, but the grapes are a healthier choice because:
they provide fiber and phytochemicals
What is (are) the reason(s) to saturate a polyunsaturated fatty acid?
to make the lipid more solid and increase the self-life of foods are both correct
Corn oil is composed primarily of...
triglycerides
The major storage form of fats in our body is
triglycerides
According to the Dietary Reference Intakes, people should obtain about _____ percent of their daily energy from carbohydrates.
45-65
Soluble fiber is described as "viscous" because it:
Forms gels
Which of the following hormones causes the breakdown of liver glycogen back into glucose and the synthesis of glucose by the liver from non carbohydrate precursors?
Glucagon
Potential harmful effects of too much fiber include:
Limited absorption of iron, zinc, or calcium
Which of the following nutrients is not required by law to be added to retained grain products?
Magnesium
Which of the following helps prevent type 2 diabetes?
Maintaining a healthy weight
How can you tell whether a fat contains primarily saturated or unsaturated fatty acids?
Oils that remain liquid at room temperature are primarily unsaturated
Chronic constipation can increase the risk of developing...
Only diverticula, and hemorrhoids are correct
Which of the following is characteristic of Type I diabetes?
The person's immune system attacks the cells of the pancreas
Intestinal cells package dietary triglycerides into lipoprotein called
VLDL (low density lipoproteins)
Which monosaccharide is responsible for the sweet taste of fruit:?
fructose
Which of the following is NOT a desirable blood lipid value?
High LDL
Current dietary guidelines for the United States recommend:
Increased consumption of fiber-rich whole food sources of carbs
What is the name of the lipoprotein that carries cholesterol from the liver to the tissues of the body?
LDL (low density lipoprotein)
Fatty acids may differ from one another:
chain length and degree of saturation
The best way to increase consumption of omega-3 fatty acids is to:
choose fish as a protein food often
The role of bile in fat digestion is to:
emulsify fats in the small intestine
Which of the following is not a characteristic of phospholipid?
is a precursor for the sex hormone testosterone
Which statements concerning cholesterol is false?
it is an essential nutrient
Which of the following statements is true of linoleic acid?
it is found in vegetable oils
What is the fate of the majority of cholesterol in bile after it is released into the small intestine?
it is reabsorbed by the small intestine and taken to the liver
The incomplete breakdown of fat that occurs when carbohydrates are not available produces:
ketone bodies
Diabetes increase the risk of developing which of the following conditions?
kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, blindness in adulthood
What enzyme is responsible for the digestion of starches in the small intestine?
pancreatic amylase
Which outcome is not an effect of fiber?
promotes weight gain and feeling of fullness
Which of the following is a major source of lactose?
skim milk
