nutrition

Describe the design of a case-control study.

Individuals with a disease are matched to a person with similar characteristics who do not have the disease. Factors are identified that may be responsible for the disease.

Nuts are an example of a food that is energy dense but does not contain empty calories.

true

A characteristic or other factor that can change and influence an outcome is c

variable

Since no natural food contains all the nutrients as they are needed by the body, _____ can help ensure the nutritional adequacy of a diet.

variety

Nutrition-related factors that contribute to many worldwide deaths in children under 5 years include ____

vitamin deficiencies undernutrition

Which of the following are the major classes of nutrients?

water carbohydrates lipids

Which of the following food-related practices is recommended because it can improve the environment?

Throwing out uneaten and/or leftover foods

Choose the seven standards that make up the Dietary Reference Intakes.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intake Estimated Average Requirements Adequate Intake Recommended Dietary Allowance Estimated Energy Requirement

When a friend tells you she is taking a vitamin B complex supplement and she feels more energetic as a result, she is sharing an blank, or a report of a personal experience.

anecdotes

is a unit of heat energy needed to raise one liter of water one degree Celsius.

calorie

Debra is in her 7th month of pregnancy. Before she became pregnant, she didn't care about the nutritional quality of her food choices. She didn't make any effort to improve her poor diet after she learned that she was pregnant. Debra generally eats what is cheap, tastes good, and is convenient. Based on this information, she is undernourished and likely to ________.

deliver a baby with vitamin C toxicity

Which types of studies cannot establish cause and effect?

epidemiological

Choose products that would be considered a dietary supplement.

mineral amino acid vitamin

RDA

nutrient intake recommendation set to meet the needs of nearly all individuals of a given age and gender Select a concept resource to continue

Al

nutrient intake recommendation set when research is not sufficient to determine RDA

A blank , is the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health.

nutrient requirement

The amount of a nutrient that allows the body to function optimally is called the ____dose.

physiological

What term describes the amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally?

physiological dose

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin D supplements on the adult human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin D to one group of human adults and pills that do not contain the vitamin or other active ingredients to another group of adults. The pills that do not contain vitamin D are _______.

placebo

"Our patented Fat Buster System is guaranteed to take 2 inches off your waistline in the first week!" This claim raises which of the following red flags that indicate unreliable nutrition information?

promise fix quick

Cohort studies can be retrospective or

prospective

Using a copper bracelet to treat arthritis is an example of

quackery

_______assignment of subjects to groups in a research study helps to ensure that members of treatment and control groups have similar characteristics. This enhances the validity of the study results.

random

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ________ study.

retrospective

In developing countries, poor sanitation practices and the lack of clean cooking and drinking water cause Blank______.

the majority of all diseases

If you frequently eat less than the _____ for a nutrient, you may be at risk for developing the nutrient's deficiency disorder.

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Increasing the number of adults who are at a healthy weight, reducing the number of children who are obese, and increasing the calcium intake for people who are 2 years of age or older are all objectives of______.

Healthy People 2030

A state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished is termed

Malnutrition

What system of measurement is used in nutrition?

Metric

Identify the objectives that are set by Healthy People 2030 for Nutrition and Weight Status.

Reduce the proportion of obese children and adolescents Increase the variety and intake of vegetables among people who are 2 years of age and older Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese

___ includes farming techniques that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment.

Sustainable agriculture

Judy wants to find out the amount of a specific nutrient needed to sustain good health. She initially checks the RDA requirements and cannot locate that nutrient. Her next step is to______.

check AI standards

Observational epidemiological research includes______.

cohort studies case studies

The information we know about the relationship between diet and health is _____.

constantly evolving

Which of the following are examples of life-threatening and chronic diseases that result from a poor diet and lack of exercise?

diabetes mellitus (type 2) some types of cancer heart disease

Your usual pattern of food choices is called your

diet

EER

estimation of calorie needs based on gender, age, height, weight, and physical activity level

Most foods are predominantly one nutrient.

false

Most foods contain a mixture of _____.

fat protein carbohydrates

By making certain dietary changes (such as decreasing fat intake), a person may _____.

forestall the development of certain diseases lessen the severity of a disease

UL

highest amount of daily nutrient intakes unlikely to cause adverse health effects

Experiments using whole living organisms are classified as______

in vivo

Which circumstances increase a person's chances of undernutrition in the United States?

living in poverty chronic alcoholism anorexia nervosa

The National Academy of Sciences in 2016 stated that there is _____ scientific evidence that indicates genetically engineered crops are unsafe for humans to consume or harmful to the environment.

no

______ is the scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses them.

nutrition

blank is the study of how the body uses nutrients.

nutrition

Examples of foods that are nutrient dense and energy dense are ___

nuts whole milk peanut butter

Dietary moderation can be achieved by

obtaining nutrients from the food one eats consuming food in reasonable amounts

Overweight or obese Americans are an example of Blank______.

overnutrition malnutrition

When a study is complete, investigators that were not part of the study will be recruited to critically analyze the study. This is called a review.

peer

The effects of malnutrition can be devastating on the following stages of rapid growth.

pregnancy childhood infancy

The endosperm is mostly _____.

starch

Epidemiologists often rely on ______ people to obtain health data.

surveys of physical examinations of

A famous football player appears in a advertisement for a new sports drink and he endorses the use of this drink to enhance performance. This is called a__

testimonial

The best term that describes a personal endorsement of a product is called a(n) blank. These endorsements are biased and often found in advertisements for various products.

testimonial

Consuming reasonable amounts of food while obtaining enough nutrients from food is defined as dietary______.

moderation

All of the following nutrients provide energy for cells EXCEPT Blank______

vitamins

The leading cause of death for Americans is Blank_____

heart disease

What are the leading causes of death that are linked to poor eating habits?

heart disease some types of cancer type 2 diabetes stroke

Experiments using whole, living organisms are classified as in whereas "test tube" experiments are classified as in

vivo, vitro

What is produced when a wheat kernel is stripped of its nutrient-rich germ and bran?

white flour

If a vitamin, amino acid, herb, or mineral is sold, it is considered a supplement.

dietary supplements

Medical nutrition therapies are______.

diets prescribed by physicians for chronic health conditions

4 grams of protein has _ calories

16

10 Grams of carbohydrate has ___calories?

40

What is the newest DRI category?

CDRR

In 1994, Congress passed the ______, a law that classified vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and botanicals as foods, thereby limiting FDA's ability to regulate dietary supplements.

a dietary supplement health and education act

5 grams fat calories

45

How many kilocalories are in one gram of alcohol?

7

What is the kilocalorie content of a food that provides 7 grams fat, 4 grams carbohydrate, and 3 grams protein?

91

Which of the following best describes a kilocalorie?

A unit describing the energy content of food.

Choose the statements about alcohol that are true.

Alcohol provides energy. Alcohol is not a nutrient. Pure alcohol furnishes about 7 kcal/gram.