Nutrition: 4.1-4.2

George has a chronic dry cough and the sensation of acid backing up into his mouth and throat. He is most likely suffering from

Gastroesophageal reflux

Which of the following is NOT a part of the large intestine?

Jejunum

Which of the following is NOT a function of the GI tract?

all of the above are functions of the GI tract

Joseph is lactose intolerant. Which of the following suggestions would be the LEAST helpful in helping him to deal with this problem?

avoid all dairy products

____ helps to digest fat by acting as an emulsifier.

bile

A high fiber diet may help to improve or prevent all of the following except:

breast cancer

The nutrient that takes the shortest time to move through the digestive system is:

carbohydrate

Lactose intolerance is prevalent in all of the following groups except:

caucasians

Enzymes

complex proteins that cause chemical reactions in all parts of the body

Another name for the throat is the epiglottis.

false

Fiber if broken down by several enzymes before being absorbed

false

Fiber is digested in the stomach by gastric lipase

false

Lactose intolerance improves as adults get older.

false

Probiotics act as food for prebiotics

false

The food that is chewed and mixed with saliva before being swallowed is called chyme

false

The ileum is the first portion of the small intestine.

false

The stomach plays a major role in the absorption of nutrients

false

The nutrient that takes the longest time to move through the digestive system is:

fat

Villi

finger-like projections on the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the body

Bolus

food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva before being swallowed

The nutrient that is absorbed by facilitated diffusion is

fructose

Bile is stored in the ______.

gallbladder

The nutrients that require active transport are

glucose, amino acids, small peptides

Lola has had a severe stomachache and pain 2-3 times a week for the past three months. These are frequently accompanied with bouts of diarrhea. She also is experiencing a lot of stress due to a breakup with her boyfriend. She is most likely suffering from:

irritable bowel syndrome

The organ responsible for filtering the blood and excreting salts and waste is the

kidneys

The enzyme that breaks down milk sugar is

lactase

The enzyme that begins the digestion of fat is ________.

lipase

The organ that act as a detoxification center is the ________.

liver

Which of the following is NOT a part of the GI tract?

liver

The organ responsible for excreting water and carbon dioxide is the

lungs

Amylase breaks starch into

maltose

Digestion begins in the ______.

mouth

Passive Diffusion

moves molecules in and out of cells either through special protein channels or intermolecular gaps in the cell membrane

The GI tract is lined with ____.

mucosa

The _______ secretes enzymes that affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.

pancreas

The organ that synthesizes and releases the hormone insulin is the

pancreas

Patty is recovering from a brief illness during which she developed diarrhea after being on a 10-day course of antibiotics. She asks if you think it is OK for her to take probiotics. Which of the following is NOT an appropriate response?

probiotics are for quacks

Microvilli

projections that sit on the epithelial cells of villi and create a vast surface area through which nutrients are absorbed

All of the following enzymes work on carbohydrates except

protease

The stomach's main job is to digest ______.

protein

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

regulates stomach acid

Active transport

requires energy to transport a substance across the cell membrane

Most digestive and absorption takes place in the

small intestine

The major organ of digestion is the

small intestine

The nutrients that are absorbed in the large intestine are

sodium, chloride, water

Hepatic portal

the blood vessel that leads directly to the liver; it is the means by which nutrients reach the liver from the villi

Digestion

the breakdown of food and food components into nutrients

lympth

the clear fluid in the spaces between cells

Peristalsis

the contraction and relaxation of the muscles that move food along the GI tract

Gastrointestinal tract

the flexible muscular tube extending from the mouth to the anus

Absorption

the movement of nutrients through the intestinal tract lining into the bloodstream for use by the body

Lymphatic system

the network of vessels that drain lymph; lymph vessels in the small intestine carry fat-soluble nutrients and most end products of fat digestion

Chyme

the thick mass of fluid and partly digested food that passes from the stomach into the small intestines

Circulatory system

the vast network of veins and arteries through which the blood carries nutrients

Most of the home remedies and lifestyle treatments for constipation can also relieve problems with hemorrhoids.

true

Nutrients absorbed into the lymphatic system bypass the liver before entering the bloodstream

true

Peristalsis is a series of muscle contractions that move food along the digestive tract.

true

The enzyme trypsin works on proteins

true

The gallbladder stores the liver's digestive juices

true

The sight, smell, or thought of food can start the flow of saliva.

true

fat-soluble compounds are absorbed into he lymph rather than directly into the blood

true

Facilitated Diffusion

uses a protein carrier to take substances into the intestines without expending energy

The nutrients and food substances that are absorbed by passive diffusion are:

water, fats, alcohol

The nutrients that do not need to be digested before being absorbed are:

water, vitamins, minerals

There are ____ pairs of salivary glands

3