Nutrition 7-9

Peak bone mass is reached at approximately ____ years of age.

30

Which of the following is not noted as a group that may benefit from taking a multivitamin-mineral supplement under guidance of a physician or dietitian

A person approaching age 65

People from which ethnic background tend to have the lowest risk for osteoporosis

African American

What would you recommend to someone who wants to make sure her intake is close to the RDA for all vitamins

Eat a variety of all food groups daily.

A deficiency in Vitamin B 12 is due to inadequate intake of the vitamin

False

A diet low in fat-soluble vitamins will result in a more rapid onset of deficiency symptoms than one low in water-soluble vitamins

False

Beta-carotene found in many animal sources is a precursor to vitamin A

False

Excessive sun exposure can cause vitamin D toxicity

False

Research has proven that the common cold can be prevented by increasing intake of Vitamin C.

False

Michael is trying to eat less sodium by preparing more meals at home. Which of the following meals would be a good choice?

Grilled chicken, brown rice, and sautéed green beans

What factor is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer

High intake of calories

Brodie's doctor wants his blood pressure to be reduced because his systolic pressure is too high. What does systolic pressure measure

The force exerted by the heart as it contracts to pump blood throughout the body.

Because excesses are stored in the liver and fatty tissues, it is possible for megadoses of fat-soluble vitamins to build up to toxic levels

True

Excluding an entire food group may lead to vitamin deficiencies over time.

True

Herbal supplements are unregulated and possibly unsafe.

True

Phytochemicals in food are superior to the phytochemicals found in supplements.

True

Regular consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables such as beta-carotene may delay may prevent or delay macular degeneration

True

An elderly individual who cannot leave the house is at risk of a ______ deficiency

Vitamin D

Choline is ____

a conditionally essential nutrient

The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n)

antioxidant

Phytochemicals have several different modes of action. Those with ____ protect cells from damage

antioxidant properties

A general function of vitamin C is its action as a(n)

antixiodant

The inability of the stomach to produce enough acid can lead to a _____ deficiency.

b12

Because ____ are widespread in foods, people who eat a varied diet are not at risk for deficiencies of these vitamins

biotin and pantothenic acid

What factor is classified as a cancer initiator

cigarette smoke

Vitamin A toxicity is most likely to occur from

consuming high-dose vitamin A supplements

Human population studies overwhelmingly confirm the association between breast cancer and dietary fat intake

false

Iron deficiencies are more common in men than women.

false

Of the two forms of iron found in foods, nonheme iron is more reliably absorbed than is heme iron

false

Potassium deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world

false

Risk factors for colon cancer include a high fiber intake and low red meat intake

false

Some of the vitamins serve as sources of energy

false

Vegetables in the cruciferous family include carrots, sweet potatoes, and corn

false

Vitamin A is water soluble and found in the non-fat part of the milk

false

Vitamin K and B 6 play key roles in the formation of healthy red blood cells.

false

Water-soluble vitamins are more stable during preparation and cooking than fat-soluble vitamins

false

When purchasing a vitamin and mineral supplement, look for one that contains at least 150 percent of the Daily Value for each nutrient

false

The replacement of red blood cells depends most heavily on

folate

A reliable source of vitamin D in the diet is

fortified milk

Toxic compounds created in the body that may contribute to certain chronic diseases are called

free radicals

Folic acid is added to ____ in order to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects

grain prducts

Michael is a young business systems analyst who avoids fried foods and fast food, drinks only black coffee and water, consumes one alcoholic drink on occasion, uses olive oil when preparing meals, and gets 8 to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Is there anything that Michael needs to do to decrease his cancer risk

incorporate regular physical activity

Cretinism is severe mental and physical retardation of an infant due to a lack of ______ while the mother was pregnant

iodine

A diet which overemphasizes ____ is likely to lead to a(n) ____ deficiency in children

milk, iron

Strict vegetarians are at risk of developing a vitamin B 12 deficiency because

only animal foods contain sufficient amounts of the vitamin

___ is the vitamin D deficiency disease in adults.

osteomalacia

What is not a factor that one should consider when choosing a supplement to purchase

price

Which of the following is not a task that vitamins perform in the body

provide energy

Milk is sold in protective cardboard or opaque plastic containers rather than in transparent glass bottles to minimize the loss of

riboflavin

___ is the vitamin D deficiency in children

rickets

What food is an unlikely source of beta-carotene

romaine lettuce

The effects of a deficiency of vitamin D are most readily observed in the

skeletal system

Isoflavones are phytochemicals found in

soy products

Excesses of the fat-soluble vitamins are

stored in the liver and in body fat

The main function of vitamin D is

supporting bone mineralization

Which food is a good source of the vitamin A precursor, beta-carotene

sweet potatoes

_____ can lead to a deficiency in vitamin K

taking antibiotics

High blood levels of homocysteine

tend to be associated with low blood levels of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate

Cortical bone is

the thick, ivory-like outer portion of bone

Lycopene, found in ____, may help reduce the risk of

tomatoes, prostate cancer

A sedentary lifestyle can lead to bone loss.

true

Aside from malnutrition, blood loss is the primary reason for iron deficiency.

true

Calcium is required for transmission of nerve impulses

true

Fresh and canned vegetables vary in zinc content, depending on the soil in which they are grown

true

Iodine has a role in maintaining the basal metabolic rate.

true

Low vitamin K blood levels are associated with a higher risk of hip fractures in older women

true

Minerals are different than vitamins in that they contribute directly to the building of body structures.

true

Most Americans consume almost double the sodium recommended as the Adequate Intake (AI

true

Most all protein foods are good sources of zinc

true

Ninety-nine percent of the calcium in the body is in the bones

true

Osteoblasts are the bone-building cells of the body

true

Peak bone mass marks the point where bones are the strongest and most dense

true

Pregnancy and lactation decrease the calcium reserves in bones whenever calcium intake is inadequate

true

Research suggests that diet may play a role in initiating cancer, speeding its development, or preventing cancer

true

The Vitamins C, D, and K are all actively involved in bone health and maintenance

true

The disease pellagra is characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, and, in severe cases, dementia

true

The primary function of vitamin D is the regulation of the use of calcium and phosphorus within the body.

true

Vegetarians have a lower risk of developing cancer.

true

Vitamins promote growth and reproduction and help maintain health

true

Riboflavin is destroyed by

ultraviolet light

What vitamin deficiency is associated with night blindness

vitamin A

The vitamin most intensively involved in protein metabolism is

vitamin b6

Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin?

vitamin c

Which vitamin works with vitamin C to squelch free radicals before they injure the body

vitamin e

Newborns are given an injection of _____ to prevent the possibility of a life-threatening hemorrhage

vitamin k

Retarded growth and sexual development in a child may be due to a

zinc deficiency

The body can store as much as a _____ supply of vitamin A in the body

1 year

Gertrude has a young son named Ben, and wants to know how to make sure he grows strong bones. Ben's pediatrician advises her to include calcium-rich foods in his daily diet so he can attain a high bone mass. Why is this so important?

Bone mass is the main factor influencing bone health

What recommendation helps minimize the loss of vitamins that can occur as a result of improper food handling

Cook vegetables in a microwave oven in as little water as possible.

___ is the deficiency disease associated with niacin

Pellagra

Which herb is mismatched with its purported use?

Psyllium- improves memory

Fluoride deficiency is best known to cause

dental decay

Thiamin is involved in

energy release from carbohydrates

Excess intake of water-soluble vitamins are typically

excreted in the urine

All forms of table salt sold are iodized

false

All public water in the United States is fluoridated

false

Choose a calcium supplement derived from dolomite, oyster shell, or bone meal when selecting a calcium supplement

false

Consuming foods high in vitamin C reduces the amount of iron that the body absorbs

false

Engaging in weight-bearing exercises can increase the risk for osteoporosis.

false

High intakes of B 6, B 12, and folate are associated with higher levels of homocysteine and a lower risk of blood clot formation.

false