Nutrition C. 6 HW (E2)

Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of tRNA during translation?

During translation, tRNA collects and transports the amino acids to the ribosome.

Which of the following is true about the quality of protein?

Proteins from foods of animal origin are generally high-quality proteins.

Which one of the following populations is likely to be in negative nitrogen balance?

a 45-year-old adult after surgery

The building blocks of proteins are __________.

amino acids

Excess protein consumed is converted to __________.

body fat

Which of the following foods would provide the highest quality protein in the smallest portion size?

chicken breast

The fate of most digested dietary protein is __________.

circulation in the blood as amino acids

Which of the following foods provides a moderate amount of protein per serving?

corn

The semifluid portion of the cell where mRNA binds to a ribosome to read the instructions is called the ___

cytosol

The process in which a protein's shape is altered, called ___, destroys the protein's function without disrupting the peptide bonds.

denaturation

___ describes a protein chain made up of two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond.

dipeptide

A key function of protein in the body is __________.

donating or picking up hydrogen ions in the blood

Which of the following foods contains the highest quality protein?

eggs

Which of the following foods would have the lowest amount of protein per serving?

fruits

The basic biological unit in a segment of DNA that serves as a template for the synthesis of a specific protein is called a ___

gene

Protein synthesis is regulated by __________.

genes

Proteins that work as messengers to regulate cell activity are called __________.

hormones

This strong acid, called ___, is produced in the stomach and denatures proteins.

hydrochloric acid

What substance denatures protein in the stomach?

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

The role of high-protein diets in several disease states is still unclear, but it is thought that __________ from high-protein diets may contribute to conditions such as osteoporosis and kidney stones.

increased acid

Vegetarian diets are at risk of being deficient in __________.

iron and zinc

An unbalanced diet severely deficient in protein (though often containing carbohydrate-rich foods) can result in __________; edema is a classic symptom.

kwashiorkor

A type of RNA, which is a copy of the genetic information from the DNA, carries the information from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cell and is referred to as ___

mRNA

Proteins differ from carbohydrates and lipids in that they contain ___________.

nitrogen

The body can synthesize __________ from amino acids.

nonessential proteins

The portion of the cell that contains both DNA and RNA is called the ___

nucleus

An active protein enzyme in the stomach that begins the chemical digestion of protein is called ___

pepsin

This protease, called ___, is secreted from the gastric cells and converted to its active form by hydrochloric acid.

pepsinogen

Amino acids are linked together by ___, created when the acid group of one amino acid is joined with the nitrogen-containing amine group of another amino acid through condensation.

peptide bonds

A protein chain consisting of 10 to more than 100 amino acids joined together by peptide bonds is called a ___

polypeptide

A classification of protein enzymes that break peptide bonds linking amino acids together is referred to as a ___

protease

The continual process of degrading and synthesizing protein is called __________.

protein turnover

An organelle in the cytosol of the cell that attaches to mRNA and reads the instructions is called a ___

ribosome

Denaturation of proteins changes their __________.

shape

Vegetarian diets may reduce risk for __________.

stroke

A type of RNA that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain on the ribosome during the processes of translation and elongation is called ___

tRNA

Which of the following plant foods have the highest quality of protein?

tofu

A protein chain made up of three amino acids joined together by peptide bonds is called ___

tripeptide

Which of these foods has the LEAST dietary protein?

1 cup of sliced peaches

role of mRNA

1. It contains a copy of the DNA instructions that dictate the sequence of amino acids.

role of a ribosome

1. It reads the instructions and helps build the corresponding sequence of amino acids. 2. It releases the amino acid chain when the sequence is complete.

role of tRNA

1. It transports a specific amino acid to add to the growing polypeptide chain. 2. It collects and binds to individual amino acids that are needed for the protein.

How does the body use the protein once it has been ingested? Consider the following statements and select the correct ones regarding protein use.

1. The liver uses amino acids to create glucose. 2. If calorie intake is inadequate, amino acids can be used for production of energy. 3. Amino acids are used to create new proteins.

Which enzymes and hormones are secreted by the small intestine during protein digestion?

1. aminopeptidase 2. tripeptidase 3. dipeptidase

Which enzymes and hormones are secreted by the pancreas during protein digestion?

1. chymotrypsin 2. trypsin 3. carboxypeptidase

Which enzymes and hormones are secreted by the stomach during protein digestion?

1. gastrin 2. pepsinogen 3. hydrochloric acid

Susan is consuming 70 grams of protein per day on her 2,000-kilocalorie-per-day diet. What percentage of Susan's diet is protein?

14%

Based on the RDA for protein, a healthy adult who weighs 80 kilograms should consume __________ grams of protein per day.

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