nutrition ch 7
Which of the following may cause a person to become underweight?
-Chemotherapy treatment for cancer -Excessive dieting -A disease that damages the small intestine
Select the most reliable treatments for the condition of overweight or obesity.
-Decreased calorie intake -Increased physical activity -Positive behavior changes
Identify the components that contribute to the "energy output" of the energy balance equation.
-Digestion -Physical activity -Metabolism
Which of the following are strategies that could help a person control hunger between meals and snacks?
-Eat meals and snacks more slowly. -Include lean protein in meals and snacks. -Consume foods high in fiber and water.
Choose examples of healthy social support that can make weight management easier.
-Friends praising you for your accomplishment -An RDN reminding you to record your food intake -Joining a group with similar weight loss goals
What technique could be used to determine the amount of calories a person expends each day?
-Indirect calorimetry -Direct calorimetry -Equations taking into account height, weight, physical activity, and age
The Body Mass Index is defined as:
-weight in pounds multiplied by 703, and divided by the square of the height in inches -weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters
Which of the following is an important concept to have when keeping a weight goal in perspective?
A healthy, sustainable rate of weight loss is 1 to 2 pounds per week
The over-the-counter version of orlistat, a weight-loss medication that blocks the digestion of fat in the small intestine is called:
Alli
What type of calorimetry predicts energy needs by measuring the amount of heat released by a person?
direct
Direct and indirect calorimetry are used to measure the:
energy our body uses
The best way to ensure that extra calorie intake will support gains in lean mass rather than fat mass is to:
engage in strength-training exercises
The major cause of male obesity in adulthood is
excess calorie intake
The advantage of bariatric surgery is that the patient does not have to change their lifestyle following the surgery.
false
Upper-body obesity is associated with a decreased risk for hypertension and diabetes.
false
The dietary approach that has been most successful in long-term studies is a nutrient-dense, plant-based, ______dietary pattern.
high fiber
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is ______ basal metabolic rate (BMR).
higher than
The method of estimating total body fat by weighing someone on a standard scale and then weighing them submerged in water is known as:
hydrostatic weighing (underwater weighing)
What part of the body closely monitors and regulates body fat?
hypothalamus
Which of the following is a reliable treatment for obesity?
incorporating positive behavior changes
Increases in lean body mass will ______ basal metabolic rate.
increase
As lean muscle mass increases as a result of physical activity, metabolic rate:
increases
If Craig desires to increase his basal metabolic rate (BMR), he can modify his:
lean body mass
A 150-pound person with 30% body fat will weigh ______ hydrostatically (i.e., in the water) compared to a 150-pound person with 20% body fat.
less
Treatment for overweight and obesity should involve healthy, active living with acceptable diet modifications that will promote weight ______ and later, weight ______
loss; maintenance
The bomb calorimeter works by:
measuring the heat given off by a food as it is burned
A behavioral strategy that involves becoming aware of and enjoying the entire eating experience - from the origins of the food to the effects it has on the body - is called:
mindfully eating
Metabolic rate, fuel use, and brain chemistry are all examples of the influence of ______ on body weight.
nature
Fad diets that exclude a food group or include only one or two foods are based on:
no scientific merit
WW® (formerly called Weight Watchers) is an example of a community weight-loss organization that
offers social support and nutrition education
The dietary approach that has been most successful in long-term studies is the ______ approach.
plant-based, high-fiber, nutrient-dense
contingency management
prepares for situations that may trigger overeating
stimulus control
puts us in charge of temptations
Recognizing high-risk situations and planning ways to cope with occasional setbacks throughout a weight management program will help to prevent:
relapse
A successful weight loss program should have a behavior program for ______ in place so a person can steer themselves back on track after lapses.
relapse prevention
The ______ metabolic rate is calculated if the individual has not fasted and/or not rested for 4 hours prior to the test.
resting
self-monitoring
reveals patterns of unconscious overeating
Foods that are high in fiber and water promote:
satiety
chain breaking
separate behaviors that occur together
What is one of the best ways to slow the muscle loss that comes with dieting and aging?
strength training
The energy used during the digestion, absorption, and processing of food is called:
the thermic effect of food
A national commitment has been made to address the growing weight problem in the United States
true
Obesity contributes to several of the leading causes of death in the United States, including cardiovascular disease and cancer.
true
Which is true regarding maintaining a healthy body weight?
It can lead to a long and healthy life
Which of the following medications is currently approved by the FDA for weight loss?
Orlistat
Which of the following individuals is in energy balance (equilibrium)?
Ray consumes 2400 kcal per day and expends 2400 kcal per day
Which of the following is a weight-loss self-help organization in the community?
WW® (formerly called Weight Watchers)
The amount and location of ______ in the body are important predictors of cardiovascular disease risk.
adipose tissue
The estimated energy equations take into consideration weight, height, physical activity, and:
age
A reliable weight-management program includes three main components: moderate calorie restriction, regular physical activity, and behavior modification. Chain-breaking, stimulus control, cognitive restructuring, and self-monitoring are examples of ______.
behavior modification
Three key components of a sound weight-loss program are control of calorie intake, increased physical activity, and
behavior modification
Having a high basal metabolic rate is a possible cause for:
being underweight
Direct calorimetry measures the amount of:
body heat released by a person
A(n) ______ is the instrument used to determine the calorie content of a food.
bomb calorimeter
cognitive reconstructing
changes our frame of mind
The health problems associated with excess body fat include
-surgical risks -liver damage -bone and joint disorders
Select the true statements concerning body weight in U.S. adults.
-Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight lowers the risk for developing type 2 diabetes -Prevention of an overweight condition in the first place is the most successful approach to maintaining a healthy body weight -More than 70% of adults are overweight or obese
Which of the following are characteristics of an unreliable fad diet?
-Recommends the use of expensive supplements -Promotes quick weight loss -Lacks scientific support
Which of the following are examples of social support systems that may be helpful with weight control?
-Registered dietitians -Weight loss support groups -Supportive family members
The factors that help one to maintain an appropriate height/weight value include which of these?
-Regularly eating a healthy diet -Remaining physically active Learning to follow the body's hunger cues
Which of the following are true statements about fad diets?
-They promote weight cycling. -They leave out entire food groups that can lead to nutrient deficiencies.
Treatment for overweight and obesity should be:
-a lifestyle change. -long term.
A weight loss regimen on the internet claims that 10 minutes of physical activity each day is all you need to lose weight. A more successful plan would:
-also include dietary strategies to reduce energy intake. -incorporate 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week. -also include behavior modification strategies, such as self-monitoring of diet and exercise.
A diet plan promoted in a fashion magazine states, "Eat all you want and lose 10 pounds in 2 weeks." This statement does NOT agree with sound weight loss recommendations, such as:
-control problem eating behaviors -set a weight loss goal of one to two pounds per week
Other considerations for bariatric surgery in addition to patient selection criteria that include:
-follow-up surgery may be needed to correct stretched skin. -surgical expenses might not be covered by medical insurance. -it will be necessary to plan small, frequent meals after surgery.
Which of the following groups are committed to addressing the obesity problem in North America?
-health professionals -community members -government agencies
Which of the following factors are used to calculate Estimated Energy Requirements for adults with the Food and Nutrition Board's formula?
-height -weight -age
The set-point theory of weight maintenance proposes that:
-humans have a genetically predetermined body weight. -the body closely regulates one's body weight and body fat content. -humans have a genetically predetermined body fat content.
The benefits of physical activity on body composition and metabolic rate include
-increased lean muscle mass. -decreased fat mass. -increased bone density. -increased metabolic rate.
Rapid weight loss at the beginning of a weight loss program is a result of:
-lean muscle mass depletion. -water loss.
The energy required for the thermic effect of foods is due to the ______ of energy-yielding nutrients
-metabolism -digestion -absorption
Factors leading to female adulthood obesity include
-periods of stress and boredom. -childhood obesity. -excess weight gain during pregnancy
Mindful eating involves:
-recognizing physical hunger and satiety cues -awareness of food preparation -making wise eating decisions
Environmental factors that may promote obesity include:
-stressful work conditions. -lack of safe outdoor recreation facilities. -abundance of fast food establishments.
Benefits of physical activity include
1. helping with weight loss 2. helping maintain lower body weight 3. helping a person stay physically fit 4. boosting self esteem
About how many calories are in one pound of fat tissue?
3500
There are approximately ______ kcal in one pound of fat tissue.
3500
The ratio of body weight (in kilograms) to height (in meters)2 is the ______
BMI