Nutrition CH.7

Which of the following will likely result if the concentration of electrolytes inside a cell is higher than in the extracellular environment? 1. The cell will swell or burst. 2.The cell will shrink and dry up. 3. The cell will undergo mitosis and divide. 4. The cell will be unaffected.

1. The cell will swell or burst.

Which of the following is a diuretic? 1. alcohol 2. milk 3. water 4. orange juice

1. alcohol

The functions of phosphorous in the body do not include ______. 1. immune response 2. bone formation 3. major component of DNA 4. key role in creating energy for the body 5. major component of cell membranes

1. immune response

High blood volume would ________ blood pressure. 1. increase 2. decrease

1. increase

Which of the following stimulates the thirst mechanism? 1. increased concentration of solutes in the blood 2. elevated blood volume and pressure 3. lubrication of the mouth and throat tissues 4. increased blood volume and pressure

1. increased concentration of solutes in the blood

Which of the following ions would most likely be found in intracellular fluid? 1. potassium and phosphate 2. phosphate and sodium 3.sodium and chloride 4. chloride and potassium

1. potassium and phosphate

The two most common intracellular ions are: 1. potassium and phosphate.

1. potassium and phosphate. 2. sodium and potassium. 3. phosphorus and calcium. 4. sodium and chloride.

_________________ blood pressure is measured at the moment the heart contracts. 1. systolic 2. diastolic

1. systolic

Optimal blood pressure is a systolic pressure less than ________ mmHg and a diastolic pressure less than ________ mmHg. 1. 100/80 2. 120/80 3. 140/90 4. 18-/90

2. 120/80

Signs of heat stroke related dehydration may occur when you have lost ___% body weight from water loss. 1. 9 2. 6 3. 3 4. 1

2. 6

The majority of our body's phosphorus is stored in the: 1. kidneys 2. bones 3. blood 4. liver

2. bones

______________ blood pressure is measured when the heart is relaxed. 1. systolic 2. diastolic

2. diastolic

Which of the following is not a major stimulation for our thrist mechanism? 1.increase in dryness of the tissues of the mouth and throat. 2. increase in dryness of the tissues of the eyes 3. increase in concentration of salts in the blood 4.reduction of blood volume

2. increase in dryness of the tissues of the eyes

The minerals that are critical in hydration are _____ minerals. 1. trace 2. major 3. minor

2. major

Which of the following would be the least healthful choice for a person with high blood pressure? 1. distilled water 2. mineral water 3. carbonated water 4. tap water

2. mineral water

__________ are responsible for transporting ions across cellular membranes. 1. nothing special is needed, they flow freely 2. proteins 3. chylomicrons

2. proteins

In the case of excessive bleeding, the kidneys would ______ urine output. 1. increase 2. reduce

2. reduce

______ flows freely across cellular membranes. 1. ions 2. water 3. nutrients

2. water

Who would have the highest percent of total body water? 1. 20 year old obese male 2 .20 year old lean female 3. 20 year old lean male 4. 20 year old obese female

3. 20 year old lean male

The daily water intake recommended for most people is _____ 8-ounce glasses per day. 1. 2 2. 4 3. 8 4. 16 5. 32

3. 8

___________ is a critical ion in muscle contraction. 1. potassium 2. sodium 3. calcium 4. chloride

3. calcium

The greatest concern associated with prolonged diarrhea is _______. 1. malnutrition 2. infection from intestinal bacteria 3.dehydration 4.exhaustion

3. dehyration

The fact that we have a high percentage of our bodies as water allows us to resist _______. 1. sweating 2. high blood pressure 3. high environmental temperatures

3. high environmental temperatures

Hyponatremia is associated with: 1. insufficient intake of dietary sodium. 2.excessive intake of dietary sodium. 3. insufficient intake of dietary sodium and overhydration. 4. overhydration

3. insufficient intake of dietary sodium and over hydration.

The fluid portion inside red blood cells is ______. 1. plasma 2. extracellular fluid 3. intracellular fluid 4. interstitial fluid

3. intracellular fluid

Which organ is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid balance? 1. small intestine 2. liver 3. kidneys 4. pancreas

3. kidneys

The functions of chloride in the body do not include ______. 1. transmission of nerve impulses 2. digestion in the stomach 3. maintaining proper muscle contraction 4.immune response

3. maintaining proper muscle contraction

Which of the following ions would most likely be found in extracellular fluid? 1. potassium and phosphate 2. phosphate and sodium 3.sodium and chloride 4. chloride and potassium

3.sodium and chloride

Over ____% of Americans over 65 have hypertension. 1. 10 2. 25 3. 40 4. 50 5. 75

4. 50

One cup of water is equal to: 1. 24 oz. 2. 240 ml. 3. 12 oz. 4. 8 oz. and 240 ml.

4. 8 oz. and 240 ml.

When properly hydrated, your urine should appear ________in color. 1. bright yellow 2. medium yellow 3.dark yellow 4. clear to pale yellow

4. clear to pale yellow

Which type of person is most likely to have 50% body water? 1. infant 2. teenager 3. adult 4. elderly adult

4. elderly adult

Diets high in sodium are associated with: 1. breast cancer 2. diabetes mellitus 3. obesity 4. high blood pressure

4. high blood pressure

Which of the following groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration? 1. pregnant women and the elderly 2. adolescents and children 3. infants and pregnant women 4. infants and the elderly

4. infants and the elderly

The functions of potassium in the body do not include ______. 1. maintaining proper fluid balance 2. transmission of nerve impulses 3. contraction of muscles 4. proper bone formation 5.maintaining blood pressure

4. proper bone formation

The primary reason for sweating is to: 1. maintain blood volume. 2. maintain sodium balance. 3. excrete waste products. 4. regulate body temperature.

4. regulate body temperature.

The two most common extracellular ions are: 1. sodium and potassium. 2. potassium and chloride 3. phosphorus and calcium 4. sodium and chloride

4. sodium and chloride

Hyponatremia occurs when a person drinks ______ water. 1. mineral 2. distilled 3. too little 4. too much

4. too much

Which of the following are part of normal daily water loss? 1. sweating 2. in our urine 3. breathing 4. in our feces 5. all of the above

5. all of the above

The functions of sodium in the body do not include ______. 1. maintaining proper blood pressure 2. maintaining proper acid - base balance 3.cellular transport of glucose 4. maintaining proper fluid balance 5. digestion of proteins

5. digestion of proteins

If you put a cheek cell into salty water it would burst. T/F

False

Interstitial fluid is the same as plasma. T/F

False

Intracellular fluid is around our cells. T/F

False

Metabolic water is fluid that enters the blood stream via the GI tract. T/F

False

Phosphorous from plant sources of is more easily absorbed than phosphorous from animal sources. T/F

False

The risk of heat stroke is greater in windy weather. T/F

False

_______________ is a condition that occurs when blood potassium levels are too low.

Hypokalemia

An adult with a 60% fluid body composition would be considered healthy. T/F

True

If you put a red blood cell into pure water it would burst. T/F

True

If your blood pressure was 140/90 mm Hg you would have hypertension. T/F

True

Ions are charged particles that can carry electrical current. T/F

True

Mineral salts are electrolytes. T/F

True

Muscle tissue holds more fluid than fat tissue. T/F

True

Our thirst mechanism becomes less sensitive as we age. T/F

True

Which of the following ions are critical to the conduction of nerve impulses. Select all that apply potassium sodium calcium chlordie

potassium sodium

Which two of the following choices have a positive charge? Select all that apply sodium ions potassium ions chloride irons phosphate ions

sodium ions potassium ions

_______________ is a condition that occurs when blood potassium levels are too high.

Hyperkalemia

_________ is a condition that occurs when blood sodium levels are too high.

Hypernatremia