Nutrition Chap. 4

polysaccharide

Fiber is considered a ____

whole grains

Grains containing the entire seed of the plant, including the bran, germ, endosperm (starchy interior) are called

BMI

Is commonly used in the clinical setting to assess weight status because it is inexpensive, non-invasive, and closely related to body fat content

proteins

It is important to eat adequate carbohydrates so that the body does not use ___ for energy

lactose intolerance

Lactose ____ is a condition in which significant symptoms, such as abdominal gas and bloating, appear after ingestion of foods containing lactose

germ, endosperm, and bran

What are components of a whole grain?

amylopectin, amylose, and cellulose

What are examples of polysaccharides?

sugar beets and maple sugar

What are some natural food sources of sucrose?

reduces constipation and reduces transit time of feces

What are the benefits of including some insoluble fiber in the diet?

liver and muscle

What are the major sites for glycogen?

frequent urination, extreme thirst, and excessive hunger

What are the symptoms of diabetes?

pectins, gums, mucilages

What ate soluble fibers

47

What blood glucose measurement indictes hypoglycemia

reduces total serum cholesterol

What is a benefit of soluble fiber?

protein and fate

When you do not consume adequate carbohydrates, what other dietary components can be used to supply energy

fructose

Which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?

Glucose and Galactose

Which monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose?

Thermic effect of food

Which of the following components of energy expenditure is analogous to a sales tax?

Rice

Which of the following types of flour is gluten-free?

maltose

____ or malt sugar, had two glucose molecules bonded together

polysaccharides

Carbohydrates containing many glucose units, from 10 to 1000 or more are called

Less

A 150 pound person with 30% body fat will weigh ____ hydrostatically compared to a 150 pound person with 20% body fat

hyperglycemic

Anna's blood test showed that her fasting blood sugar was 150 mg/dl. According to these results, she is

Sending a painless low energy electrical current through the body and measuring the resistance to the electrical flow

Bioelectric impedance is used to estimate body fat content by

at any age

At what age can type 1 diabetes first occur?

amylose, amylopectin, and cellulose

Examples of polysaccharides

amylopectin

Highly branched chain of glucose units

It is like being charged 5-10% of total calories to cover the cost of processing food

How is the thermic effect of foods similar to a sales tax?

1/2 to 1 cup

How much milk can most individuals with decreased lactase production tolerate?

type 1 and 2 diabetes

Insulin is among the therapies for

lactose

Milk and other dairy products are major food sources of ____ (a disaccharide)

glucose

Name the major monosaccharide found in the body

soluble

Pectins, gums, mucilages, and some hemicelluloses are classified as ____ fibers

Chronically decreased production of lactose with no apparent cause; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose

Primary lactose maldigestion

Temporarily decreased production of lactase due to a specific cause, such as an intestinal virus; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose

Secondary lactose maldigestion

decreases

Soluble fiber ___ the absorption of cholesterol and cholesterol-rich bile acids into the blood

true

T/F Enzymes in the wall of the small intestine break down the disaccharides into monosaccharides

true

T/F The increased bulk of a high-fiber meal promotes a feeling of fullness without yielding many calories

true

T/F To avoid constipation, adequate fiber and water should be consumed

false

T/F most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an immune system disorder, which causes destruction of the insulin-producing cells in the liver

true

T/FBoth fiber and starch are types of polysaccharides

True

T/FWhen dietary consumption of carbohydrates exceeds the amount needed for energy and glycogen storage, the excess carbohydrates will be stored as fat

glycogen

The advantage of the branched structure of ___ is that it allows multiple enzymes to attach to its structure and break it apart quickly

fat, protein, carbohydrates

The body satisfies energy requirements by consuming

food intake

The energy needs of the body are met by

hydrostatic weighing (underwater weighing)

The method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual on a standard scale and then weighing him or her submerged in water is known as

starch

complex carbohydrates are also known as

amylose

straight chain of glucose units

A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest

what description best describes a starch

adds bulk to feces, is a complex carbohydrate, and a substance found in plants

what is true about fiber

low calorie intake

which factor decreases basal met