nutrition chapter 2

epidemiology

an aspect of ______ involves studying causes of health problems in a population

registered dietitian

college-trained health care professional who has extensive knowledge of foods, nutrition, and dietetics

case-control study

comparing individuals with iron-deficiency anemia to individuals who have very similar characteristics but are healthy would be an example of ______

multivitamin/mineral

describes a dietary supplement that contains vitamins and minerals

nutrient pills, protein powders, herbal

dietary supplements include....

in vivo

experiment that uses whole living organisms, such as mice

double-blind studies

experimental design in which neither the participants nor the researchers are aware of each participant's group assignment

peer review

expert critical analysis of a research article before it is published

placebo

fake treatment, such as a sham pill, injection, or medical procedure

making observations

first step in scientific method is...

cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships

generally, epidemiological studies _____

control group

group being studied that does not receive a treatment

treatment group

group being studied that receives a treatment

evidence based

information that is based on results of scientific studies

variable

personal characteristic or other factor that changes and can influence an outcome

testimonial

personal endorsement of a product

pseudoscience

presentation of information masquerading as factual and obtained by scientific methods

quackery

promotion of useless medical treatments

correlation

relationship between two variables

anecdotes

reports of personal experiences

placebo effect

response to a placebo

case-control study

study in which individuals who have a health condition are compared with individuals with similar characteristics who do not have the condition

epidemiology

study of the occurrence, distribution, and causes of health problems in populations

cohort study

study that measures variables of a group of people over time

FDA

the ____ is the federal agency that tries to ensure the safety and effectiveness of health-related products

federal trade commission

the gov agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the _____

complementary and alternative medicine

variety of health care practices that are not accepted by the majority of conventional medial practitioners

ginseng

what would be considered a dietary supplement according to the dietary supplement and health education act of 1994?

in vitro

"test tube" experiment

dietary supplement

a _____ is a product that adds to a person's dietary intake, contains one or more dietary ingredients, is taken by mouth in tablet or other forms, and is not promoted as conventional food or the only item of a meal or diet

prospective study

a group of scientists observe a group of college students over 4 years to determine which of their characteristics leads to weight gain. this is an example of what type of study?

a personal endorsement of a product

a testimonial is _____