Nutrition Chapter 2

Choose the statements that accurately describes the eating patterns in the U.S. compared to the Dietary Guidelines: * Almost 60% consume at or above the recommendation for protein foods. * Approximately 90% consume more sodium than recommended. * Over 80% of the population does not eat adequate amounts of vegetables. * Thirty percent of the population meet the requirement for dairy.

* Almost 60% consume at or above the recommendation for protein foods. * Approximately 90% consume more sodium than recommended. * Over 80% of the population does not eat adequate amounts of vegetables.

Check all that apply. Which of the following dietary modifications exemplifies the Dietary Guidelines' recommendations for reducing intakes of added sugars? * Choose water instead of soft drinks. * Choose refined grains instead of whole grains. * Choose fruit instead of candy for snacks. * Choose grapes instead of an orange.

* Choose water instead of soft drinks. * Choose fruit instead of candy for snacks.

Check all that apply. Select all background factors that are important to consider when conducting an evaluation of nutritional health. * Current medications * Weight history * Current diseases * Family health history * Educational level

* Current medications * Weight history * Current diseases * Family health history * Educational level

Check all that apply. Which of the following are reliable sources of nutrition information? * Dietary Guidelines for Americans * Testimonials about personal experience *Consult with a nutrition expert associated with or trained by a nationally recognized university or medical center.

* Dietary Guidelines for Americans *Consult with a nutrition expert associated with or trained by a nationally recognized university or medical center.

Check all that apply. Identify the dietary principles emphasized by the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid. * Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables * Consume a variety of dietary supplements * Use olive oil and other plant oils as the main sources of fat in the diet. * Consume a variety of minimally processed foods.

* Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables * Use olive oil and other plant oils as the main sources of fat in the diet. * Consume a variety of minimally processed foods.

Check all that apply. Which of the following accurately describes the Daily Value? * It is a generic standard * It is based on a 2000-kcal diet * It is a minimum amount of nutrient to consume per day. * It is used on the nutrition facts panel of food labels

* It is a generic standard * It is based on a 2000-kcal diet * It is used on the nutrition facts panel of food labels

Check all that apply. Which of the following components are optional on the Nutrition Facts panel of a food label? * Iron * Monounsaturated fat * Polyunsaturated fat * Magnesium

* Monounsaturated fat * Polyunsaturated fat * Magnesium

Check all that apply. Identify the following key recommendations for specific population groups for physical activity. * Older adults should participate in physical activity matched to their physical abilities in order to reduce physical decline. * Older adults with chronic diseases should avoid physical activity as much as possible. * Children and adolescents should engage in at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day. * Children should incorporate aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and bone-strengthening exercises.

* Older adults should participate in physical activity matched to their physical abilities in order to reduce physical decline. * Children and adolescents should engage in at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day. * Children should incorporate aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and bone-strengthening exercises.

Check all that apply. Choose the factors that determine the correct amount of calories you should consume each day. * Physical activity level * Age * Weight * Rural or city living * Height

* Physical activity level * Age * Weight * Height

Check all that apply. Which of the following are linked to death in North America? * Saturated fats * Unsaturated fats * Excess calories * Trans fat

* Saturated fats * Excess calories * Trans fat

Check all that apply. Which types of fats should be minimized to decrease risk of cardiovascular disease? * Essential fatty acids * Unsaturated fat * Trans fat * Saturated fat

* Trans fat * Saturated fat

Check all that apply. Which of the following diet choices will help you comply with the Dietary Guidelines' key recommendations to avoid to much fat sugar and sodium? * Use the nutrition facts label to keep saturated fats, trans fats, and sodium low. * Make most of your fat sources from fish, nuts, and vegetable oils. * Choose foods and beverages low in added sugars. * Choose and consume less fat from fish, nuts, and vegetable oils.

* Use the nutrition facts label to keep saturated fats, trans fats, and sodium low. * Make most of your fat sources from fish, nuts, and vegetable oils. * Choose foods and beverages low in added sugars.

Check all that apply. Anthropometric measurements that help to determine nutritional status include: * body circumferences * hemoglobin levels * skinfold thicknesses * weight * height * food frequency questionnaires

* body circumferences * skinfold thicknesses * weight * height

Check all that apply. Choose the major nutrient contributions from the fruit group. * carbohydrate * vitamin B-6, iron, and zinc * fiber * folate and vitamin C

* carbohydrate * fiber * folate and vitamin C

Check all that apply. Which are nutrition components that must appear on the Nutrition Facts food label? * fiber * calories * carbohydrates * vitamin E

* fiber * calories * carbohydrates

Check all that apply. The RD credential indicates that the person: * has complete rigorous classroom work in nutrition. * has completed rigorous clinical training in nutrition. * can prescribe medications to treat nutrition-related diseases such as diabetes. * participates in continuing education.

* has complete rigorous classroom work in nutrition. * has completed rigorous clinical training in nutrition. * participates in continuing education.

Serious diseases linked to obesity include: * some forms of cancer * type 2 diabetes * night blindness

* some forms of cancer * type 2 diabetes

The Dietary Guidelines recommend that Americans reduce their intakes of: Check all that apply. * trans fat *sodium *fish *saturated fat

* trans fat *sodium *saturated fat

Check all that apply. Estimated energy Requirements take _______ into account when determining an individual's energy needs. * weight * metabolic rate * physical activity * age * gender

* weight * physical activity * age * gender

Check all that apply. Which of the following statements are consistent with advice from the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans? *Adults should perform 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week. *Children should engage in at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day. *Activities should be intense and strenuous. *Physical activity must be performed in bouts of 30 minutes or more.

*Adults should perform 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week. *Children should engage in at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day.

Check all that apply. Which of the following dinner menus covers all of the food groups illustrated by MyPlate? * Bean burrito, corn on the cob, and a glass of milk *Bean burrito, lettuce, tomato salad with oil, vinegar dressing, a cup of yogurt, and an apple. * Bean burrito, lettuce, tomato salad with oil, vinegar dressing, a glass of milk and an apple.

*Bean burrito, lettuce, tomato salad with oil, vinegar dressing, a cup of yogurt, and an apple. * Bean burrito, lettuce, tomato salad with oil, vinegar dressing, a glass of milk and an apple.

How do typical American diets compare to the Dietary Guidelines? Check all that apply. *Exceed recommendations for refined grain intake. *Exceed limits for calcium intake *Exceed limits for sodium intake *Exceed limits for intake of added sugars

*Exceed recommendations for refined grain intake. *Exceed limits for sodium intake *Exceed limits for intake of added sugars

Select all the nutrients that are Not Present In Adequate Amounts in the diets of typical Americans. Check all that apply. *Potassium *Fiber *Vitamin D *Sodium

*Potassium *Fiber *Vitamin D

Check all that apply. Which of the following are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? *Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) *Adequate Intake (AI) *Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) *Minimum Required Intakes (MRI) *Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

*Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) *Adequate Intake (AI) *Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) *Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

Overconsumption of ________ is often linked to chronic disease. Select all that apply. *fiber *sodium *calories *saturated fat

*sodium *calories *saturated fat

Dark green vegetables include: *carrots *spinach *broccoli *kale

*spinach *broccoli *kale

Teresa's dinner includes green pepper halves stuffed with lean ground beef, brown rice, and tomato sauce, a side of buttered corn, and a glass of skim milk. What would you add to make Teresa's plate resemble MyPlate? a) 2 tablespoons of shredded cheddar cheese. b) 1 cup of non-fat yogurt c) 2 cups of tossed green salad d) 1 cup of diced watermelon

1 cup of diced watermelon

The percent Daily Value is based on a: a) 3000 kcal diet. b) 1500 kcal diet. c) 2000 kcal diet.

2000 kcal diet.

According to the Dietary Guidelines, Americans should limit their sodium intake to less than: a) 2400 milligrams per day b) 1300 milligrams per day c) 2300 milligrams per day d) 1500 milligrams per day

2300 milligrams per day

The RDAs are meant to cover the nutrients of: a) 97% to 98% of nearly all healthy people. b) both healthy individuals and those with diseases or abnormalities of nutrient metabolism. c) half of all healthy individuals

97% to 98% of nearly all healthy people.

What can women do before becoming pregnant to avoid excess weight during pregnancy? a) Achieve a healthy body weight before becoming pregnant. b) Women should not be concerned about weight gain during pregnancy. c) Gain 2 to 4 pounds before becoming pregnant. d) Ensure adequate intake of folate from dietary and supplemental resources.

Achieve a healthy body weight before becoming pregnant.

Which of the following examples illustrate the concept of dietary proportionality? a)A teenager consumes one serving of potato chips instead of the whole bag. b)An athlete decrease his total calorie intake during the off season, when he is not as active. c)Instead of having potatoes with dinner every evening, a family chooses several different vegetables to eat throughout the week.

An athlete decreases his total calorie intake during the off season, when he is not as active.

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

Estimation of calorie needs based on gender, age, height, weight, and physical activity level.

Overnutrition

Excess intake of calories, often leading to obesity.

Which dietary practice is linked to the leading cause of death in North America? a) Excessive saturated fat intake b) Inadequate salt intake c) Excessive unsaturated fat intake d) Inadequate calorie intake

Excessive saturated fat intake

True or False: For adults, the Physical and Dietary Guidelines recommend preforming at least 75 minutes per day of moderate-intensity physical activity.

False

To decrease intake of solid fats, which of the following is the best menu selection at a fast-food restaurant? a) Grilled chicken sandwich b) Cheeseburger c) Pepperoni pizza sub d) Hamburger

Grilled chicken sandwich

The basic premise of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans includes which of the following statements? a) All nutrient needs should be met through intake of foods and supplements to ensure an array of nutrients and non-nutrients that may benefit health. b) Nutrient needs should be met primarily through consumption of foods to provide an array of nutrients and non-nutrients that may benefit health. c) All nutrient needs should be met through dietary supplements to provide an array of nutrients and non-nutrients that may benefit health.

Nutrient needs should be met primarily through consumption of foods to provide an array of nutrients and non-nutrients that may benefit health.

Which of the following are characteristics of a healthy dietary pattern?/What are the foundations of a healthy food plan? Select all that apply: *Proportionality *Variety *Moderation *Depravation

Proportionality, Variety, and Moderation

_________ is the credential that flags a health professional as the most accurate and reliable source of up-to-date nutrition advice a) MD b)RN c) RDN

RDN

Which of the following statements best summarizes the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? a) To set macronutrient intake ranges that are nutritionally adequate and may reduce the risk of diet-related chronic diseases. b) To promote adequate nutritional status and good health, and to reduce the risk of major nutrient-related, chronic health conditions. c) To ensure the purity, quality, strength, and composition of dietary supplements. d) To set energy nutrient intake standards for Americans.

To promote adequate nutritional status and good health, and to reduce the risk of major nutrient-related, chronic health conditions.

True or False: According to the Dietary Guidelines, Americans should switch from whole milk to low-fat or fat-free milk and other dairy products.

True

True or False: The processing of beets into canned beets renders them more nutritious with more antioxidant value.

True

Which food group cover half the plate providing dense sources of nutrients and phytochemicals? a) Dairy b) Protein c) Grains d) Vegetables and fruits

Vegetables and fruits

Undernutrition

When sufficient nutrients are not consumed to meet one's needs.

Besides poor dietary habits, a very common lifestyle factor that contributes to chronic disease is a lack of physical _____.

activity

The relative nutritional quality of food is estimated: a) by comparing the nutrient density of different foods. b) by comparing the size of the different foods. c) by comparing the cost of the different foods. d) by comparing the tastes of the different foods.

by comparing the nutrient density of different foods.

Among Americans, overnutrition is most likely to result from excessive intake of: a) folate b) phytochemicals c) vitamin A d) calories

calories

No single food provides all the nutrients the human body needs to function optimally. Each food has a distinct nutrient profile. Thus, one way to ensure nutrient adequacy is to a)limit proportion sizes. b)choose a variety of foods from all the food groups and within each food group. c)balance energy intake with energy expended in physical activity. d)eliminate energy-dense foods from the diet

choose a variety of foods from all the food groups and within each food group.

Variety in the diet means: *eating the same food day after day *choosing foods from various food groups. *choosing different foods within a given food group.

choosing foods from various food groups. choosing different foods within a given food group.

A registered dietitian assesses a new resident in a long-term care facility. She notes that her patient has edema (fluid retention), hair loss, and a bedsore that will not heal. These observations are part of her ________ assessment, which leads her to suspect inadequate protein intake. a) dietary b) clinical c) anthropometric d) environmental e) biochemical

clinical

The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines urge Americans to decrease. a) consumption of sodium b) intake of seafood c) physical activity d) intake of low-fat dairy products

consumption of sodium

According to MyPlate, processed cheese is a food choice from the __________ food group. a) grains b) protein c) dairy d) sugar and oils

dairy

A(n) _________ nutrition state occurs when body tissues have enough essential nutrients from a variety of foods to support metabolic functions. a) desirable b) deficient c) undesirable

desirable

The Adequate Intake is based on the: a) dietary intakes of people that appear to be maintaining nutritional health. b) RDA for the nutrient c) dietary intakes of people who have experienced a nutritional deficiency.

dietary intakes of people that appear to be maintaining nutritional health.

Intake of nutrient-dense foods is especially important for people who tend to consume: a) diets relatively low in calories b) diets relatively high in calories

diets relatively low in calories

Undernutrition occurs when nutrient intake a) exceeds the nutrient needs of the body. b) do not meet nutrient needs of the body. c) meets the nutrient needs of the body.

do not meet nutrient needs of the body.

If you eat double the serving size listed on the food label, you must __________ the % daily values and calories. a) not use b) triple c) double

double

Karen would like to loose about 10 pounds. She should focus on consuming foods with low _________ density. a) nutrient b) energy

energy

When choosing a dietary supplement, avoid those for which the recommended dose would: a) fall short of the RDA for any nutrients. b) meet the DV for any nutrients. c) exceed the UL for any nutrients.

exceed the UL for any nutrients

Eating a meal with low energy density has been shown to promote satiety without contributing: a) many nutrients. b) fiber. c) excess calories. d) excess water.

excess calories.

A food that provides heath benefits beyond those supplied by traditional nutrients is known as a(n) __________ food. a) super b) essential c) functional

functional

Bread, rice, and pasta are recognized in the ______ group of MyPlate. a) protein foods b) dairy c) vegetables d) grains

grains

The rapid fall in heart function caused by reduced blood flow through the heart's blood vessels where often a part of the heart dies is known as: a) hypertension b) hypotension c) heart attack

heart attack

Philomena is undergoing chemotherapy and her appetite is very poor. To prevent weight loss, she should consume foods with: a) low nutrient density b) high energy density c) low energy density d) high nutrient density

high energy density

Upper Limit (UL)

highest amount of daily nutrient intakes unlikely to cause adverse health effects

The presence of fiber and water in foods ______ feelings of fullness after eating. a) increase b) does not affect c) decrease

increase

FALCPA is a labeling law that requires food manufacturers to clearly indicate the presence of _________ in food products. a) major food allergens b) antibiotics or hormones c) pesticides d) added sugars

major food allergens

The state of failing health that results from long-standing dietary practices that do not coincide with nutritional needs is known as: a) overnutrition b) undernutrition c) malnutrition

malnutrition

_________ are at the top of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid, which indicates they should be eaten least frequently. a) cheese and yogurt b) plant foods (fruits, vegetables, grains, and olive oil) c) fish and sea food d) meats and sweets

meats and sweets

Eating small proportion sizes and planning your entire day's diet so that you don't overconsume any nutrients is a helpful component of the diet known as: a) variety b) balance c) moderation

moderation

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Americans should consume _________ seafood. a) more b) less

more

Nutrient claims on food packaging: a) must follow legal definitions. b) are not permitted by FDA. c) are allowed for any type of nutrient. d) are not regulated.

must follow legal definitions.

A food that provides a lot of nutrients without a lot of calories is considered a)nutrient dense b)an empty calorie food c)an unhealthy food

nutrient dense

The _________ of food is determined by comparing its protein, vitamin, or mineral content with the amount of calories it provides. a) nutrient quality b) energy density c) nutrient density d) daily value

nutrient density

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

nutrient intake recommendation set to meet to needs of nearly all individuals of a given age and gender

Adequate Intake (AI)

nutrient intake recommendation set when research is not sufficient to determine RDA

As we age, overall calorie needs decrease, but micronutrient needs generally stay the same. For this reason, older adults should focus more on consuming ________ foods. a) empty-calorie b) organic c) energy-dense d) nutrient-dense

nutrient-dense

Family health history must be carefully recorded and critically analyzed as a part of a ________ assessment. a) nutritional b) cognitive c) personality d) physical fitness

nutritional

What is caused by excessive consumption of calories and a low activity level? a) obesity b) poor academic performance. c) family difficulties

obesity

An average of ______ drink(s) per day is considered moderate alcohol intake for women. a) one b) two c) three

one

The state in which nutritional intake greatly exceeds the body's needs is known as: a) undernutrition b) overnutrition c) good living

overnutrition

The most recent edition of the Dietary Guidelines are designed specifically to help a person avoid becoming ____________, a condition that affects more than half of American adults and is associated with development of many chronic diseases. a) underweight b) diabetic c) overweight d) hypertensive

overweight

Overnutrition may result from a) prolonged consumption of low-calorie foods. b) chronically expending more calories than one consumes. c) prolonged consumption of more nutrients than the body needs.

prolonged consumption of more nutrients than the body needs.

"Our patented Fat Buster System is guaranteed to take 2 inches off your waistline in the first week!" This claim could be identified as suspicious because it a) promises a quick fix b) makes recommendations based on a single study c) attacks conventional science d) uses scary tactics e)employs testimonials

promises a quick fix

If you choose mostly nutrient-dense foods instead of empty calories, you are practicing dietary _________. a)moderation b)proportionality c)variety

proportionality

Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, beans, and nuts are examples of foods in the _______ group. a) vegetables b) grains c) dairy d) protein foods

protein foods

What piece of information on the food label informs the consumer about the typical amount of food eaten at one time? a) serving per container b) % Daily Value c) serving size

serving size

Irene tells you that she has been experiencing fatigue and an inability to concentrate on difficult tasks at school. Fatigue and inability to concentrate are _____ iron deficiency. a) risk factors for b) symptoms of c) assessments of d) causes of

symptoms of

General goals for nutrient intakes and diet composition set by the United States Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services are collectively called: a) the Dietary Guidelines for Americans b) MyPlate c) the Food Guide Pyramid d) the Dietary Reference Intakes

the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Most nutrition experts agree that: a) there are no exclusively "good" or bad foods. b) a healthy diet consists of only healthful foods. c) there are certain foods that should never be eaten.

there are no exclusively "good" or bad foods

Energy density of a food is determined by comparing the calorie (kcal) content of the food with the _______ of the food. a) protein content b) vitamin content c) added sugar content d) weight

weight

Desirable nutrition

when body tissues have enough nutrients to support normal metabolic functions.