Nutrition Chapter 4, 5 and 6 HW

HDL is considered "good cholesterol" because A. HDL picks up cholesterol from cells and delivers it to the liver B. HDL delivers cholesterol to cells C. HDL carries triglycerides and cholesterol from the small intestines to the lymph D. it is a precursor to VLDL

HDL picks up cholesterol from cells and delivers it to the liver

The transport of cholesterol to the liver for elimination is accomplished by ____. A. chylomicrons B. VLDLs C. HDLs D. LDLs

HDLs

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in the body? A. source of energy B. structural component of cell membranes C. absorption of water soluble vitamins D. insulation form changes in temperature

absorption of water soluble vitamins

What type of environment is required for effective chemical digestion of proteins in the stomach? A. basic B. neutral C. acidic D. alkaline

acidic

Bile A. acts as an emulsifier B. is not involved in the transport of lipids C. is involved in lipid digestion in the stomach D. is produced by the gallbladder

acts as an emulsifier

Which of the following 3200 calorie diets is the most likely to result in weight gain? A. high carbohydrate diet B. low carbohydrate diet C. high fat diet D. high protein diet E. all of the above would lead to weight gain

all of the above would lead to weight gain

Sources of hidden fat in our diet include A. doughnuts and cookies B. muffins and french fries C. cheese and ice cream D. all of these are sources of hidden fats

all of these are sources of hidden fats

Which of these statements regarding the digestion of fat is correct? A. bile emulsifies fat in the small intestine while pancreatic lipase breaks the bond between the glycerol and the fatty acids of fat in the small intestine B. bile emulsifies fat in the stomach while pancreatic lipase breaks the bond between the glycerol and the fatty acids of fat in the small intestine C. bile emulsifies fat in the small intestine while pancreatic lipase breaks the bond between the glycerol and the fatty acids of fat in the large intestine D. bile emulsifies fat in the liver and then lipase enzyme in the pancreas digest the fat

bile emulsifies fat in the small intestine while pancreatic lipase breaks the bond between the glycerol and the fatty acids of fat in the small intestine

Most phospholipids in the body are found in A. lecithin B. cell membranes C. fat cells D. the bloodstream

cell membranes

____ is needed in the body to make vitamin D, bile acids, and cortisol. A. triglyceride B. cholesterol C. phospholipid D. lipase

cholesterol

There are certain conditions under which some of the nonessential amino acids cannot be synthesized to meet the body's needs. When this occurs, these amino acids are referred to as ___ amino acids. A. conditionally essential B. equally essential C. nonessential D. essential

conditionally essesntial

The role of hydrochloric acid in protein digestion is to A. break down polypeptide chains B. stimulate production of digestive enzyme in pancreas C. slow peristalsis D. denature the protein

denature the protein

Why might a diet high in animal protein increase the risk of heart disease? A. diets high in animal protein are high in trans fat B. more animal protein is needed to meet needs C. diets high in animal protein are high in saturated fat D. plant proteins increase heart disease risk

diets high in animal protein are high in saturated fat

The body may use protein for energy when a person A. does not consume enough calories B. does not consume sufficient protein C. consumes too many carbohydrates D. does not consume enough cholesterol

does not consume enough calories

Foods high in refined sugars contribute ___ to the diet. A. nutrient density B. minimal calories C. empty calories D. fiber

empty calories

Adding nutrients back to a food that are lost during processing is known as A. enrichment B. nutrification C. enhancement D. supplementation

enrichment

Which of the following is made from amino acids? A. glycogen B. triglycerides C. enzymes D. lecithin E. cholesterol

enzymes

In the event that you eat fewer calories than you need, which of the following is likely to occur? A. enzymes in muscle cells receive a signal for the release of protein for energy use B. hormones in muscle cells receive a signal for the release of fat from adipose cells for energy use C. hormones in fat cells receive a signal for the release of protein for energy use D. enzymes in fat cells receive a signal for the release of fat from adipose cells for energy use

enzymes in fat cells receive a signal for the release of fat from adipose cells for energy use

If the diet is deficient in one or more of the ___ amino acids, the body must break down existing proteins to provide the amino acids. A. dipeptide B. dispensable C. essential D. nonessential

essential

T/F When extra protein is consumed, it is stored in the muscles for later use.

false

The component of meat responsible for its juiciness is the A. protein combination B. carbohydrates present C. fat D. protein and carbohydrate combined

fat

Eating more fat can increase the number of calories you consume because A. fat makes you eat more food B. fat contains 7 calories per gram while carbohydrates and protein are only 4 calories per gram C. it has as many calories as carbohydrates D. fat contains 9 calories per gram while carbohydrates and protein are only 4 calories per gram

fat contains 9 calories per gram while carbohydrates and protein are only 4 calories per gram

Which of the following complex carbohydrates cannot be broken down by digestive enzymes? A. galactose B. straight chain starches C. branch chain starches D. fiber

fiber

Which of the following is not found in animal protein sources? A. zinc B. B vitamins C. iron D. fiber

fiber

Compared to animal proteins, plant proteins are an excellent source of ___, but they are lacking in ___. A. fiber and unsaturated fats; all B vitamins B. vitamins B12 and iron; calcium C. fiber and phytochemicals; vitamin B12 D. iron and calcium; unsaturated fats

fiber and phytochemicals; vitamin B12

Which two foods are the highest in omega-3 fatty acids? A. flaxseed and salmon B. walnuts and canola oil C. olive oil and avocado D. walnuts and corn oil

flaxseed and salmon

Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels? A. interferon B. glucagon C. insulin D. pepsin

glucagon

Which of the following is the preferred energy source for the body A. galactose B. fructose C. sucrose D. glucose

glucose

The following are examples fo the simplest units of carbohydrate (monosaccharides): A. glucose, fructose and galactose B. lactose, maltose and glucose C. lactose, maltose and sucrose D. glucose, fructose and maltose

glucose, fructose and galactose

Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate? A. glucose B. galactose C. glycogen D. lactose

glycogen

Lipids stored in fat cells (adipose tissue) provide many benefits including A. an increase in the metabolic rate of an individual B. insulation for maintaining body temperature C. movement of cell components for additional storage of protein D. protection of red blood cells

insulation for maintaining body temperature

Vegetarians are at greater risk for the following micronutrient deficiencies A. niacin and folate B. potassium and vitamin C C. vitamin C and vitamin E D. iron and vitamin B12

iron and vitamin B12

The typical American diet A. is high in refined carbohydrates B. is low in added sugar C. contains 25-30 grams of fiber daily D. contains less then 250 discretionary calories

is high in refined carbohydrates

People who are lactose intolerant do not produce enough of the enzyme ___. A. amylase B. galactose C. lactose D. lactase

lactase

Which of the following best describes typical US diet carbohydrate consumption? A. low in fiber, high in added sugar B. high in fiber, high in refined sources C. high in fiber, low in refined sources D. low in fiber, low in added sugar

low in fiber, high in added sugar

The fat in ice cream A. does not contribute to its appeal B. makes it rich, creamy and tasty C. does not affect the texture D. affects the taste negatively

makes it rich, creamy and tasty

The digestion of starch begins in the ___ and finishes in the ___. A. stomach; large intestine B. small intestine; gall bladder C. mouth; small intestine D. mouth; large intestine

mouth; small intestine

The chemical element that is found in protein and that is not found in carbohydrate or lipid is A. hydrogen B. nitrogen C. carbon D. oxygen

nitrogen

In general, plant proteins are ____ animal proteins to build proteins in the human body. A. used more efficiently B. not used as efficiently C. used as efficiently as D. used quicker than

not used as efficiently

Which of the following is an example of an unrefined food? A. buttermilk pancake B. oats C. white bread D. cornflakes cereal

oats

Positive nitrogen balance A. occurs when more nitrogen is excreted than consumed B. indicates that the body is losing weight C. does not exist since nitrogen intake always equals nitrogen output D. occurs when the body is growing

occurs when the body is growing

Which statement is most accurate in regard to the composition of plant foods as compared to animal foods? A. plant foods provide most of the B vitamins, fiber, phytochemicals, and monounsaturated fat; animal foods provide B vitamins, iron, zinc, calcium, and saturated fat B. plant foods provide most of the B vitamins, fiber and saturated fat; animal foods provide the B vitamins, iron, zinc, and saturated fat C. plant foods provide most of the B vitamins, fiber, and monounsaturated fat; animal foods provide the B vitamins, fiber, iron, zinc and saturated fat D. plant foods provide fiber, and most of the saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat; animal foods provide the B vitamins, iron, zinc, and saturated fat

plant foods provide most of the B vitamins, fiber, phytochemicals, and monounsaturated fat; animal foods provide B vitamins, iron, zinc, calcium, and saturated fat

If there is a limited supply of one amino acid A. protein synthesis will be unaffected as long as the missing amino acid is an essential amino acid B. a different amino acid is substituted so protein synthesis can continue C. protein synthesis will stop D. protein synthesis will be unaffected

protein synthesis will stop

Fiber in the diet may help do all of these except A. lower blood cholesterol levels B. lower blood pressure C. prevent diverticulosis D. provide energy

provide energy

The main function of carbohydrate in the diet is to A. from lactose, the disaccharide in breast milk B. provide energy C. form the ribose and deoxyribose sugars in the genetic material of all cells D. function in the cell membrane as a signal molecule to other cells

provide energy

Which of the following is incorrect about saturated fat intake? A. saturated fat protects against heart disease B. saturated fat is typically found in animal products such as dairy and meat C. diets high in saturated fat are associated with increased risk or heart disease D. diets high in saturated fat are associated with increased risk of certain cancers

saturated fat protects against heart disease

Most digestion of carbohydrate occurs in the A. small intestine B. large intestine C. mouth D. stomach

small intestine

The majority of lipid digestion occurs in the A. stomach B. small intestine C. large intestine D. gallbladder

small intestine

Which of the following is true regarding enriched grains? A. all of the nutrients lost have been added back B. some of the nutrients lost during processing are added back C. they are not fortified D. whole grains products are enriched grains

some of the nutrients lost during processing are added back

Chemical digestion of the protein begins in the A. small intestine B. stomach C. large intestine D. mouth

stomach

The disaccharide commonly referred to as "table sugar" is A. fructose B. maltose C. sucrose D. glucose

sucrose

Which of the following is the unique part of an amino acid? A. the peptide bond B. the side chain C. the amino acid D. the acid group

the side chain

Essential amino acids are identified as such because A. the side chain on these amino acids cannot be made in sufficient quantities by humans B. the side chain on these amino acids contains at least 3 carbons C. the side chain on these amino acids contains nitrogen and at least 3 carbons D. the side chain on these amino acids contains nitrogen

the side chain on these amino acids cannot be made in sufficient quantities by humans

Which of the following statements best describes how absorbed dietary lipids are transported? A. they are transported within lipoproteins called chylomicrons from the small intestine to the pancreas B. they are transported within lipoproteins called chylomicrons from the small intestines to the liver C. they are transported within lipoproteins called VLDL from the small intestines to the pancreas D. they are transported within lipoproteins called VLDL from the small intestines to the liver

they are transported within lipoproteins called chylomicrons from the small intestines to the liver

Which of the following statements is true? A. triglycerides make up most of the lipids in out bodies and in our foods B. triglycerides are used to make hormones C. cholesterol makes up most of the lipids in our bodies and in our food D. cholesterol is used as a source of energy for cells

triglycerides make up most of the lipids in out bodies and in our foods

T/F A triglyceride contains a glycerol and three fatty acids

true

T/F Fatty acids that are classified as essential cannot be made by the body; therefore, they must be obtained through the diet

true

T/F The quality of animal protein is considered higher then that of plant protein because animal proteins contain mixtures of amino acids that are similar to those we need.

true

Which of the following is an example of a refined food? A. white bread B. peach C. corn D. sugar cane

white bread

Which of the following is most likely to occur soon after you eat a large carbohydrate-rich meal? A. your pancreas releases insulin B. you produce ketones C. your liver breaks down glycogen D. you break down body fat stores E. your pancreas releases glucagon

your pancreas releases insulin