Nutrition chapter 4

In which individual would you expect the highest muscle glycogen content?

A trained athlete consuming 65-70% of kcals as carbohydrate

Refined grain products contain predominantly what part(s) of the kernel?

Endosperm

Which food would NOT be recommended as a source of calcium to someone who is lactose intolerant?

Ice cream

Which hormone is most important for glucose uptake by body cells?

Insulin

Which of the following statements about Type 1 diabetes is correct?

The immune system destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin.

A diet high in dietary fiber can help reduce the risk of developing:

diverticular disease.

Which of the following sequences represents a monosaccharide followed by a disaccharide followed by a polysaccharide?

fructose sucrose starch

Fructose is found mostly in:

fruits and vegetables.

The _____________________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose as compared to the response of a reference food

glycemic index

Carbohydrate loading, a training technique used by some endurance athletes, can help to increase _____________ stores.

glycogen

Lactose intolerance is caused by

inadequate production of the enzyme lactase.

The concentration of glucose in the blood is primarily regulated by

pancreatic hormones.

Dietary fiber promotes a healthy intestinal microflora in part by:

promoting the production of short chain fatty acids which provide metabolic fuel for colonic cells.

Which of the following conditions is likely to increase ketone production?

a) Untreated diabetes b) Starvation c) A very low carbohydrate diet

Which of the following foods are the best sources of complex carbohydrates?

Cereals and grains

Which of the following statements about glycogen is FALSE?

The primary role of muscle glycogen is to maintain blood glucose levels.

Which of the following types of diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease?

Type 1

Which of the following nutrients is NOT added to enriched grains

Vitamin E

Which of the following is true of colon cancer?

a) High fiber and whole grain intake may reduce the risk. b) Changes in DNA underlie the development of colonic tumors. c) Environmental carcinogens are thought to cause many cancers.

Sucrose is composed of:

a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose.

Studies suggest that the incidence of colon cancer may be lowered with high fiber diets. How might this be explained?

a) Fiber decreases contact between mucosal cells and colonic contents. b) Fiber decreases transit time. c) Fiber containing foods are usually high in phytochemicals and antioxidant vitamins.

Treatment of diverticulitis usually includes:

antibiotics and a temporary decrease in fiber intake.

Of the following foods, ___________ is the best dietary source of resistant starch.

chilled, cooked potatoes

Dietary fiber is categorized by

its solubility in water.

The organ(s) which supplies enzymes required for starch digestion include(s) the

pancreas