Nutrition Chapter 4

Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion in the GI tract?

Chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth

Which of the following statements is true?

Heartburn often results when the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close properly.

Which of the following statements about sphincters is false?

When a sphincter relaxes, the passageway closes to prevent movement of GI contents.

Fructose is primarily absorbed from the small intestine via

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach?

gastric juice

Which of the following cells of the large intestine secrete mucus?

goblet cells

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta

has trouble swallowing.

The ________ is important for transporting absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the liver.

hepatic portal vein

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this information, his

intestinal tract does not absorb much fat.

After being absorbed, most lipids undergo special processing before they enter

lacteals within the villi.

The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme

large intestine

Goblet cells produce

mucus

Absorption of _______ occurs in the large intestine.

water and minerals

Which of the following typically acts as a probiotic?

yogurt

April is starting to train for hotdog eating contests. She is curious about the maximum capacity of the stomach. About what is believed to be the maximum capacity of the stomach?

16 cups

The surface area of the small intestine is about the size of

a regulations singles tennis court

Which of the following describes inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

an autoimmune disorder

A primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients.

The ________ cells of the gastric glands are important for the section of pepsinogen, which is converted to pepsin and necessary for protein digestion.

chief

Chyme is the

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

Crohn's disease

________ are small pouches that form in the inner lining of the large intestine. In some cases, the presence of these pouches may lead to inflammation, infection, and rectal bleeding.

Diverticula

Which of the following microbes is associated with the development of most stomach ulcers?

H. pylori

Lucia's three-year old daughter has been vomiting frequently over the past two hours and she is worried. Lucia is trying to decide whether or not to contact her daughter's pediatrician. Which of the following would be reasons to contact the pediatrician's office?

Severe abdominal pain Fever Vomiting lasting longer than a few hours All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following vitamins is not produced by the microflora in the large intestine?

Vitamin C

Chyme moves from the stomach into the

duodenum

The ________ is a flap-like piece of tissue responsible for keeping a swallowed piece of food from entering the trachea.

epiglottis

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he may experience symptoms related to

gerd

Parietal cells secrete ions that form ________ in the stomach.

hydrochloric acid

The ________ is the third segment of the small intestine.

ileum

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to ________ while he has this illness.

lose weight rapidly

The ________ sphincter closes after a bolus has been swallowed and enters the stomach. This sphincter is essential to prevent the contents of the stomach reentering the esophagus.

lower esophageal

The process of digesting food begins in the

mouth

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should

not worry, because she is not constipated.

The ________ sphincter is located between the stomach and small intestine.

pyloric

All of the following are examples of fermented foods except

quinoa

Each of the following foods elicits an umami taste except

strawberries

Which of the following statements about enterocytes is false?

Enterocytes are located in the stomach and are necessary for intrinsic factor production.

Which of the following is NOT a component of bile?

bicarbonate

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

bile

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

brain

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his body

cannot begin starch digestion.

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing. Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly. Based on this information, Dorothy probably has a(n)

condition characterized by loss of peristaltic fuctioning

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. arteries lacteals villi neurons

villi

Yolanda is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch. She has taken a bite of the sandwich and begun chewing the sticky sandwich. Once the bite of sandwich has been chewed, moistened, and mixed with saliva, it is called

a bolus

Active transport requires both energy and a specific transporter.

true

Which of the following statements about Dumping Syndrome is false?

Dumping Syndrome results in chyme staying in the stomach too long, rather than moving into the small intestine.

After moving through the ileocecal sphincter, unabsorbed water and undigested remains of chyme enter the jejunum.

false

Live microorganisms that help control the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the large intestine are known as prebiotics.

false

Peristalsis is a voluntary response.

false

The hormone _______ is secreted in response to food entering the stomach. This hormone stimulates the secretion of HCl and pepsinogen.

gastrin

The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

The innermost layer of the wall of the GI tract is the

mucosa

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

pancreas

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup, Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue. During the 24 hours that followed the injury, Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted

sweet

Antibiotic usage often leads to microflora imbalance in the digestive tract.

true

Composting is a technique whereby food waste is combined with tree trimmings, wood chips, leaves, and a source of bacteria, such as animal manure. This mixture is stored in a special container and allowed to mature before being returned to the soil.

true

The pH of chyme as it enters the duodenum is approximately

2

Approximately _______ of individuals experiencing symptoms from COVID-19 report that they cannot smell and/or taste food.

40%

Which of the following statements is true?

The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.

The condition in which a person cannot detect any odors is called

anosmia

The ileocecal sphincter is located between the ileum and

ascending colon

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he

avoid overeating during meals.

For several years, Corey has suffered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation. According to Corey, his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods, especially raw fruit and baked beans. His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed. Based on this information, Corey probably has

IBS

Which of the following statements is true?

Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.

The ________ cells of the gastric glands synthesize and release intrinsic factor, which is necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.

Parietal

Due to a respiratory bacterial infection, Amanda had to take a large spectrum antibiotic for a period of 7 days. At the end of the regimen, her respiratory problem was gone; however, she informed her doctor that she now has diarrhea and other digestive problems. What do you think the doctor will recommend to Amanda to relieve her diarrhea and digestive problems?

Take probiotics to restore the population of beneficial bacteria she lost due to the antibiotic she was taking

Which of the following is not a function of cholecystokinin?

Control the secretion of mucus by the mucus cells

Which of the following digestive hormones is most important for digestion of fat as it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine?

cholecystokinin

The enzyme ________ breaks the disaccharide maltose into its two molecules of glucose.

maltase

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirin regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing

peptic ulcers

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements calledall amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

peristalsis