Nutrition Chapter 5: Carbohydrates

Pouches that form in the walls of the large intestine due to excessive exertion during defecation are called ________. A)hemorrhoids B)ulcers C)diverticula D)phytobezoars

diverticula

Treatment for reactive hypoglycemia includes ________. A)administering insulin before a meal B)eating regular meals and snacks of protein and complex carbohydrates and avoiding excess simple sugar C)following a high-protein, high-fat diet D)taking supplements of vitamins and minerals

eating regular meals and snacks of protein and complex carbohydrates and avoiding excess simple sugar

The principal function of dietary carbohydrate is to provide ________. A)bulk in the diet B)structural material C)sweetness in foods D)energy

energy

A trade name for aspartame is ________. A)naturlose B)equal C)splenda D)sunette

equal

Glycogen is made of glucose units linked by beta bonds. ⊚true ⊚false

false

Insoluble fiber is readily metabolized into acids and gases by bacteria in the large intestine. ⊚true ⊚false

false

Persons with diabetes can never eat sugar. ⊚true ⊚false

false

Raffinose and stachyose are examples of polysaccharides. ⊚true ⊚false

false

Saliva contains an enzyme called maltase that aids in the breakdown of maltose in the mouth. ⊚ true ⊚ false

false

Scientists have shown that eating a high sugar diet causes diabetes. ⊚true ⊚false

false

Sucralose is a nutritive sweetener that is approximately the same sweetness as honey. ⊚true ⊚false

false

Sucrose is made up of glucose + glucose. ⊚true ⊚false

false

The Atkins diet promotes a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet pattern. ⊚true ⊚false

false

The RDA for carbohydrate intake is 300 g/day. ⊚true ⊚false

false

_______ is defined as fiber that is added to foods and provides health benefits. A)Dietary fiber B)Functional fiber C)Bulk D)Crude fiber

functional fiber

A sugar not commonly found free in nature that combines with glucose to form the disaccharide lactose is ________. A)sucrose B)maltose C)fructose D)galactose

galactose

In the production of alcoholic beverages, maltose is formed from cereal grains because of the ________. A)germination of grains B)condensation of sugars C)fermentation of stachyose D)hydrolysis of simple sugars

germination of grains

The body is capable of making glucose from non-carbohydrate nutrients, such as the amino acids of protein, by a process referred to as ________. A)glycogenesis B)glycolysis C)gluconeogenesis D)ketosis

gluconeogenesis

The human brain and other nerve tissues use mostly _________________ as fuel. A)fructose B)protein C)ethanol D)glucose

glucose

The enzyme sucrase breaks down sucrose into ________. A)glucose + glucose B)lactic acid C)glucose + fructose D)glucose + maltose

glucose + fructose

While _________ suppresses gluconeogenesis, ____________ increases glycogen breakdown. A) glucagon; insulin B) insulin; glucagon C) insulin;glucose D) cortisol; glucagon

insulin; glucagon

Primary lactose intolerance results from ________. A)lactase insufficiency B)drinking lactose-fortified milks C)bacteria inhabiting the small intestine D)living in such locations as Mexico, China, Africa, or the Mediterranean

lactase insufficiency

The principal sugar found in milk is ________. A)sucrose B)lactose C)dextrose D)maltose

lactose

After carbohydrates are absorbed from the intestine, which of the following organs receives the absorbed carbohydrates first? A)Kidneys B)Liver C)Pancreas D)Brain

liver

During the inflammatory phase of diverticulitis, treatment includes antibiotics and a diet that is ________. A)lower in fiber B)higher in fiber C)lower in sugar D)higher in sugar

lower in fiber

Three important disaccharides are ________. A)lactose, fructose, and maltose B)fructose, glucose, and galactose C)maltose, sucrose, and lactose D)sucrose, fructose, and glycogen

maltose, sucrose, and lactose

If no glucose is available from dietary carbohydrate, glucose in the blood may first be derived from ________. A)muscle glycogen and liver glycogen B)triglyceride breakdown C)muscle glycogen and fatty acids D)sugar alcohols

muscle glycogen and liver glycogen

All persons with diabetes ________. A)receive insulin injections daily B)need to eat a diet that will control their blood sugar C)can skip meals if they don't feel hungry D)should drink 4 glasses of milk daily to control their blood sugar

need to eat a diet that will control their blood sugar

Insulin is made in the ________. A)gallbladder B)pancreas C)liver D)small intestine

pancreas

Which of the following organs is the first to respond to a rise in blood glucose levels? A)Heart B)Liver C)Gallbladder D)Pancreas

pancreas

Which of the following dietary fibers are classified as soluble fibers? A)Pectins and mucilages B)Pectins and lignins C)Hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignins D)Mucilages and cellulose

pectins and mucilages

The sugar alcohol commonly used to sweeten chewing gum and candy is ________. A) corn syrup B) dextrin C) invert sugar D) sorbitol

sorbitol

The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is ________. A)maltose B)starch C)glycogen D)ribose

starch

Once absorbed, the majority of glucose is transported to________. A)muscle tissue B)the liver C)the pancreas D)brain cells

the liver

An adequate carbohydrate intake is important in preventing ketosis and sparing protein from use as an energy source. ⊚true ⊚false

true

Carbohydrate counting and the food lists for diabetes are effective ways for diabetics to monitor daily carbohydrate intake. ⊚true ⊚false

true

Fructose is taken up by the absorptive cells of the small intestine via facilitated diffusion. ⊚true ⊚false

true

High-fiber diets can impair the absorption of trace minerals. ⊚ true ⊚ false

true

Indigestible carbohydrates play a role in enhancing blood glucose control. ⊚true ⊚false

true

Indigestible carbohydrates play a role in promoting bowel health and preventing obesity. ⊚true ⊚false

true

Maintaining one's ideal body weight is a good means of decreasing risk of type 2 diabetes. ⊚true ⊚false

true

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. ⊚true ⊚false

true

Monosaccharides are absorbed by an active absorption process. ⊚true ⊚false

true

Soluble dietary fibers have been shown to reduce serum cholesterol. ⊚true ⊚false

true

Sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol are nutritive sweeteners used in sugarless gum and candies. ⊚true ⊚false

true

The adequate intake for dietary fiber is set at 14 g/1000 kcal. ⊚true ⊚false

true

The focus on low-glycemic load foods can aid in the control of diabetes. ⊚true ⊚false

true

The glycemic index is a ratio of the blood glucose response of a given food compared with a standard. ⊚true ⊚false

true

The most common type of diabetes mellitus is ________. A)type 1 diabetes B)type 2 diabetes C)gestational diabetes

type 2 diabetes

Normalfasting blood glucose levels range between ________. A)40 and 70 mg/dL B)70 and 100 mg/dL C)125 and 140 mg per 100 ml D)200 and 300 mg/dL

70 and 100 mg/dL

What is stevia? A)A naturally derived sweetener from a plant B)A sugar alcohol C)Apolysaccharide D)A naturally derived sweetener from a fruit

A naturally derived sweetener from a plant

Which of the following is classified as a non-nutritive sweetener? A) Sorbitol B) Honey C) Aspartame D) Mannitol

Aspartame

Which condition is NOT usually associated with type 2 diabetes? A)Autoimmune destruction of beta cells of the pancreas B)Metabolic syndrome C)Age of onset usually over 40 D)Obesity

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells of the pancreas

Changes in blood glucose levels will typically result in the following scenario: A)Blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of insulin. B)Blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon. C)Blood glucose levels that rise too high signal the release of glycogen. D)Blood glucose levels that rise too high signal the release of epinephrine.

Blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon

Food processors and manufacturers use amylopectins primarily to produce sauces and gravies for frozen foods because they ________. A)are easily digested B)are resistant to spoilage C)form a stable starch gel D)are sweet tasting

C)form a stable starch gel

Which combination of foods would be highest in complex carbohydrates? A)Cola, Potato chips, Chicken-salad sandwich B)Spaghetti with marinara sauce, Broccoli, Dinner roll, Milk C)Coffee, Crisp bacon, Fried egg, Orange drink D)Chipped beef and Gravy

Spaghetti with marinara sauce, Broccoli, Dinner roll, Milk

Which of the following is the best source of starch? A)Fresh blueberries B)Whole-grain oats C)Low-fat yogurt D)Dark leafy greens

Whole-grain oats

Usual symptoms of diabetes mellitus include ________. A) weight change B) excessive thirst and urination C) blurred vision D) All of these choices are correct.

all of these choices are correct

Why is excess sugar consumption discouraged? A)It may cause dentalcaries. B)It may cause weightgain. C)It generally lacks dietary fiber. D)All of these choices are correct.

all of these choices are correct

Amylose and amylopectin contain ___________ bonds, which are responsible for the digestibility of these starches. A)alpha B)beta C)alpha and beta D)gamma

alpha

Humans can digest a carbohydrate if the glucose bond is ________. A)an alpha bond B)a beta bond C)a gamma bond D)a peptide

an alpha bond

Glucose, galactose, and fructose ________. A)are disaccharides B)are soluble fibers C)are monosaccharides D)are polysaccharides

are monosaccharides

A person diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid products containing ________. A) saccharin B) aspartame C) lactose D) sucrose

aspartame

The three elements in simple sugar are ________. A)carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen B)carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen C)carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur D)carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

The energy value of dietary carbohydrates is _____ kcal per gram. A)4 B)7 C)9 D)15

4

Of the total day's energy intake, most dietary guidelines recommend that carbohydrates provide _____________ of energy. A) 10%-15% B) 20%-35% C) 45%-65% D) 70%-75%

45%-65%

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, consumers should limit their intake of added sugars to ____________ percent of total energy. A)0 B)6 C)10 D)25

10

The AI for fiber for women is ________. A)15 g/day B)25 g/day C)38 g/day D)45 g/day

25 g/day

Which of the following combinations of foods would provide the most dietary fiber? A)Kidney bean salad, turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, fresh apple, milk B)Ham sandwich on white bread, potato chips, iced tea C)Roast beef, mashed potatoes, coffee with sugar D)Cheeseburger (white bun, lettuce, mustard, catsup, slice of tomato, 3 oz ground beef, processed cheese slice), french fries, soft drink

Kidney bean salad, turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, fresh apple, milk

Which of the following is a noncarbohydrate component of dietary fibers? A)Glycogen B)Pectin C)Cellulose D)Lignin

Lingnin

Individuals with lactose intolerance can usually tolerate small amounts of ________. A)yogurt B)nonfat milk C)cheddar cheese D)all of these are often tolerated in small amounts

all of these are often tolerated in small amounts

After digestion and absorption, dietary carbohydrates may be ________. A)used for energy B)converted to glycogen and stored in liver and muscle tissue C)synthesized into fat D)All of these choices are correct.

all of these choices are correct

An increased fiber intake within recommended guidelines may ________. A)decrease risk of diabetes B)lower blood lipid levels C)decrease risk of certain cancers D)All of these choices are correct.

all of these choices are correct

Consuming more than 60 grams of fiber per day poses some health risks, such as ________. A) decreased mineral absorption due to chemical binding by the fiber B) blockage of the intestinal tract C) decreased appetite in some individuals D) All of these choices are accurate.

all of these choices are correct

Ketosis may result from ________. A) starvation B) a diet of less than 50-100 grams of carbohydrate per day C) untreated diabetes mellitus D) all of these choices are correct

all of these choices are correct

Sorbitol is ________. A)a sugar alcohol B)absorbed and metabolized more slowly than glucose and other sugars C)used in candies and gums D)All of these choices are correct.

all of these choices are correct

Which of the following foods contains the least amount of lactose per serving? A)Frozen yogurt B)Ice cream C)Bagel D)Swiss cheese

bagel

Which of the following foods has the highest glycemic index? A)Bananas B)Apple C)Baked potato D)White bread

baked potato

Raffinose and stachyose are indigestible oligosaccharides found in foods such as ________. A)milk and dairy products B)cereals and grains C)fruits and vegetables D)beans and other legumes

beans and other legumes

Which of the following is classified as an insoluble fiber? A)Pectin B)Mucilage C)Cellulose D)Gums

cellulose

Which of the following population groups is at lowest risk of type 2 diabetes? A) College students B) Obese adults C) Individuals of Hispanic heritage D) Adults over 45 years of age

college students

Much of the galactose in our diet is found in ________. A) high-fiber foods B) dairy products C) dark green leafy vegetables D) honey and table sugar

dairy products

Another name for glucose is ________. A)sorbitol B)dextrose C)levulose D)maltose

dextrose

Dietary sugars and starches are called "protein sparing," which means ________. A)sugars and starches can substitute for dietary protein when it comes to body protein synthesis B)dietary protein can be used for protein synthesis and other vital processes, rather than being used as a source of energy C)sugars and starches are converted to fat, and then converted to glucose for use as blood sugar D)sugars and starches are converted by the liver to ketone bodies

dietary protein can be used for protein synthesis and other vital processes, rather than being used as a source of energy

Low blood glucose is called____________, whereas high blood glucose is called ____________. A)hypoglycemia;hyperglycemia B)metabolic syndrome;hyperglycemia C)hypoglycemia;polydipsia D)hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia

hypoglycemia;hyperglycemia

When increasing fiber intake, always ________. A)take a fiber supplement B)increase fluids C)use simple carbohydrates D)increase protein intake also

increase fluids

The best type of fiber to eat for reducing constipation is ________. A)glycogen B)crude fiber C)soluble fiber D)insoluble fiber

insoluble fiber

An example of an oligosaccharide is ________. A)maltose B)raffinose C)galactose D)glycogen

raffinose