Nutrition chapter 8 water

a decrease in what amount of body weight is indicative of dehydration

2 to 3% of body weight

Sources of water

80% of water is from the form of liquids, 20% comes from water found in fruits, vegetables and other foods. The rest is formed by the body during normal cellular metabolism

what is hypernatremia

Excessive amounts of sodium in the blood. related to hypohydration

what color should urine be

light yellow/clear

what is the average daily urine output for a hydrated individual

1.5 to 2.5 liters per day

what is the current recommendation for water intake

3.7 liters per day for men and women are supposed to have 2.7 liters per day.

% humans body weight from water

55-60%

what is hyperhydration

Body is in a positive water balance on intake and loss. related to hyponetremia which is water intoxification

what beverages or foods could contribute to water loss

Caffeine, alcohol, and high levels of protein

what is dehydration

Daily intake of water is less than daily water loss

Why is water the most essential nutrient

Death occurs more rapidly in the absence of water than any other nutrient and can happen within 3 days.

Functions of water

It is the second most important item for maintaining life to oxygen, It provides structural integrity too cells, serves as body's delivery and waste removal, Blood plasma distributes nutrients, hormones, immune cells. It helps maintaining a stable body temperature. Body water also serves that is produced by specialized glands called sweat glands. It plays a critical role in maintaining acid-base balance. It takes the lactic acid and dissociates it to water and CO2 which is expelled at the lungs.

what are the results of dehydration

Leads too loss of blood volume, which leads to decreases in the amount of blood the heart can pump too the working muscles, which leads to less oxygen is being delivered which results in less work being able to be done, less nutrients which leads to fatigue, increases body temperature, heat cramps

how are hydration levels monitored

Monitor the body weight and hydration assessment method

what factors influence the intra- and extracellular water content

Protein content of tissues, Carbohydrate content of tissue, Electrolyte concentration within and outside the cells (1 gram of carbohydrate= 3 grams of water)

what is cardiac drift

The progressive increase in heart rate in the absence of an increase in exercise intensity.

what is extracellular water

The remaining one-third of the body's water is found outside of the cells. They are mostly found in spaces between cells, in lymph and in blood plasma.

What is intracellular water

The water that is found within the cells, which is where two-thirds of the body water is found.

what is water balance

They are highly variable among individuals based on size, body composition, activity level, and climate. Water intake must be the same as water loss.

How is body water lost

Water is lost through urination, defecation, sweating and insensible processes. 60% is lost through urine. During exercise 90% is lost through sweat. 15% of the water lost every day is lost through insensible perspiration like breathing

how often should a hydrated individual urinate

every 1 to 2 hours

what is the "rule of thumb" for rehydrating

every pound of water lost = 2 to 3 cups of water