Nutrition Chapters 1-6

What are the health benefits of dietary supplement Ginger?

Can safely treat nausea from morning sickness and reduce other forms of nausea

Which of the following conditions is a leading cause of death in the United States that's related to dietary practices? Anemia Chronic lower respiratory infections Influenza and pneumonia Cancer

Cancer

Which of the following characteristics is a known risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Increasing age Low intake of trans fat High intakes of vitamin E High intake of soluble fiber

Increasing age

Cells use nutrients from food to carry out their ______ ______.

Metabolic activity

Examples of monosaturated fat

Olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil

Capasaicin

Pain relieving properties found in chili peppers

Which of the following organs are an accessory organ of the digestive system? (Check all that apply.) Pancreas Spleen Liver Kidneys Gallbladder

Pancreas Liver Gallbladder The spleen is part of the lymphatic system, while the kidneys are part of the urinary system.

Define UL

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) Exceeding this recommended value of a nutrient will increase the risk of a toxicity disorder.

LDL (low density lipoprotein)

Transports cholesterol to tissues

True or false: Proteins are made of amino acids.

True

Choosing a _______ of foods from each food group ensures that your diet provides all the essential nutrients

Variety

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of

butter and beef

A baby's body needs essential fatty acids

for nervous system development

What is the most essential nutrient?

water

1000 grams = _______ kg(s)

1kg

Define testimonial

A personal endorsement of a product

Anthicyanins

Antioxidant activity; found in red, blue, and purple fruits and vegetables.

Oxidized LDL

Damaged by "free radicals" and contributes to the buildup of plaque in arteries

A scientist would like to collect information concerning the health of a large group of older adults. To obtain this information, the scientist conducts a controlled human experiment. medical history survey. single-blind study. double-blind study.

medical history survey.

Shawn's waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure is consistently high, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl. Based on this information, Shawn has

metabolic syndrome.

The process of digesting food begins in the

mouth

Involuntary muscle contractions which move a bolus or chyme through the gastrointestinal tract are called

peristalsis

Most carbohydrate absorption occurs in the ________.

small intestine.

1 human fist represents a serving for what?

1 cup ready to eat corn flakes cereal

In the cells, chemical reactions convert the energy in glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids into chyme. ATP. glycolysis. glycogen.

ATP

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)? Cooked spaghetti Peanuts Baked potato Banana

Baked potato

Type of lipoprotein that is formed in the absorptive cells?

Chylomicrons

I'm a subject in this study. I can't tell if I'm in the control group of the treatment group, and the researchers also don't know which group I'm in.

Double blind study

Frequent bouts of intestinal cramping with diarrhea and/or inability to have bowel movements

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Single fatty acid attached to a glycerol backbone?

Monoglyceride

Define RDA

Recommended Dietary Allowance This amount meets the nutrient needs for almost everyone in a particular age and life stage group.

Define anecdote:

Report of personal experiences

White flour consists of:

The endosperm part of the wheat kernel Is an example of a processed food

What are micronutrients?

Vitamins and minerals, non energy yielding nutrient

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? Whole grain bread Soft margarine Cheese nachos Oatmeal cookie

Whole grain bread

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol? Peanut butter Coconut oil Whole milk Sunflower seeds

Whole milk

What are some examples of nutrient dense foods?

Whole wheat bread, almonds, leafy greens salad, fat-free milk

What are a couple examples of grains?

Whole-wheat crackers and steamed rice

Glycogen is the

carbohydrate that's stored in liver and muscle tissue.

Very little _________ __________ is excreted in feces.

dietary carbohydrate

Bella is an omnivore, because she can

digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of sources.

Proteins that help chemical reactions occur are

enzymes

Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the

stomach

April wants to add _____ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats. walnuts orange slices cheddar cheese whole-grain bread cubes

walnuts

Which of the following foods is a rich source of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)? Whole-grain breads Baked potato chips "Regular" sweetened soft drinks Red seedless grapes

"Regular" sweetened soft drinks

Be wary of websites that are authored or sponsored by one person, or sites that promote or sell products for profit _______ because such sources of information may be biased.

.com

1000 mg = _____ g

1 g

0.001 mg=__ micrograms

1 mcg

1 tennis ball represents a serving for what?

1 small apple

1 small yoyo represents a serving for what?

1 standard whole grain bagel

Arrange the digestive system components in the order that they function for digestion, absorption, and elimination.

1. Mouth and salivary glands 2. Stomach 3. Small intestine 4. Large intestine 5. Rectum

List the digestive system organ or organ component in the proper order, according to its function during the processes of digestion and absorption.

1. Stomach 2. Pyloric Sphincter 3. Duodenum 4. Jejunum 5. Ileum

People with pre-diabetes have fasting blood glucose levels between

100-125 mg/dl.

A 6-ounce serving of a beverage contains 450 ml water, 20 g sugar, and 5 g alcohol. How many kcal does this beverage supply?

115

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 G protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 4 ounces of water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _______kcal.

117 kcal

Individuals who have fasting blood glucose levels of _______ or higher have diabetes.

126 mg/dl

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for carbohydrates is ______ g per day. This amount of carbohydrate is enough to prevent ____.

130 g, excess ketone formation

According to the package label, a bottle of a sugar-sweetened soft drink contains 32 ounces, and each 8-ounce serving of the drink provides 50 kcal. While eating lunch, Jared consumed the contents of an entire bottle of the drink. Based on this information, how many total kcal of the drink did he consume?

200 calories 50 kcal x 32 ounces = 1600 / 8 = 200

A serving of food contains 25 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, 8 g fat, 5 mg vitamin iron, and 4 ounces of water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____ kcal.

212 kcal

Low calorie foods provide:

40 calories or less per serving

What are some reliable sources of nutrition information?

A nutrition blog about dietary fiber that has the health in the net symbol at the bottom of the websites main page A review about taking ginger to treat nausea that's at https://odd.od.nih.gov/

Linda just finished taking the antibiotics prescribed by her physician to treat a bacterial infection. Linda is interested in using dietary supplements that contain probiotics and yogurt to re-establish the normal balance of beneficial bacteria in her colon. What should Linda look for on the container label when she is shopping for yogurt?

A statement that the product contains live and active cultures

For what activities does the body use ATP? Walking to class at a leisurely pace Studying for a test Biking up a steep hill All of these responses are correct.

All of these responses are correct.

Which of the following components of John's meal provides protein? Meat Cheese Bread All of these responses are correct.

All of these responses are correct.

Yamiche is a biochemist with a company that manufactures substances that can be added to foods to improve their flavor. She's discovered a chemical that she called "Agent X" in beet juice. Agent X prevents human cel membranes from being damaged by highly unstable substances that are in the environment. Based on this information, Agent X is a (an):

Antioxidant

Nonnutritive ("artificial") sweeteners are intensely sweet yet supply no energy. Identify which of the following are classified as nonnutritive sweeteners. Sucrose Aspartame Sucralose Fructose Lactose

Aspartame and Sucralose

Which of the following substances emulsifies lipids during digestion? Bile salts Soluble fiber Pancreatic lipase Salviary amylase

Bile salts

Which of the following components of John's meal provides the most carbohydrates? None of these responses are correct. Bread Cheese Meat

Bread

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids? Canned salmon Pork loin Green peas 2% milk

Canned salmon

Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat? Olive oil Chicken fat Cocoa butter Palm oil

Cocoa butter

Infrequent or difficult to eliminate bowel movements

Constipation

Which of the following practices is known to increase a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats Taking dietary supplements that contain biotin and vitamin K Consuming trans fat

Consuming trans fat

Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add? Cooked beans Whole eggs Chicken liver Unsalted butter

Cooked beans

If a nutrient is missing from the diet, a _______ disease will eventually develop.

Deficiency

Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Low blood triglyceride levels High intake of unsaturated fat Low intake of saturated fat Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus

There are a number of red flags for identifying nutrition related misinformation.

Disclaimers not approved by FDA Money back guarantees Testimonials Promises of quick and easy health remedies Too good to be true

Small pouches that form in the lining of the large intestine and can trap bacteria and feces are called

Diverticula

What is the best way to obtain nutrients and phytochemicals?

Eating whole and minimally processed foods

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? Olive oil French fries Grape drink Fat-free milk

Fat-free milk

You recently watched an infomercial at an Internet website in which an actor promoted a new weight loss product. The actor stated that you'll lose weight almost instantly by consuming the product, because it contains a secret herbal formula that's both safe and effective. The promoter also said that you can continue to eat all of your usual foods and still lose weight, while taking the herbal formula. You're concerned that people might waste their money on this product. Which agency should you contact to file a complaint about the website? National Organization Against Health Fraud Consumer Protection Alliance Department of Human Resources Federal Trade Commission

Federal Trade Commission

Sylvia has a disease that blocks the delivery of bile and pancreatic amylase to her small intestine. Which of the following conditions is a sign or symptom of this disease? Greasy stools that float Chronic heartburn that's not relieved by antacids Weight gain Frequent headaches

Greasy stools that float

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues? HDL Insoluble fiber Trans fat LDL

HDL

Some foods are much _______ choices than others

Healthier

Burning pain in the upper chest area

Heartburn

Type of fiber that does not dissolve in water, responsible for bowel regularity and preventing constipation, found in brown rice and whole wheat bread, and is a fibrous non-carbohydrate found in whole grains and wheat bran

Insoluble fiber

Define what scare tactics are

Inspire mistrust in medical professionals.

Which of the following nutrients is a micronutrient? Protein Iron Water Fat

Iron

Overnutrition

Is the long term excess of energy or nutrient intake and is also a form of malnutrition. Overnutrition is more common in the US than undernutrition.

Kevin's total blood cholesterol level is 170 mg/dl, and he has more HDL cholesterol than LDL cholesterol. According to this information,

Kevin's total blood cholesterol level is within the healthy range.

What are the health benefits of dietary supplement Coenzyme Q-10?

May benefit the immune system

During Thanksgiving dinner, Harry ate too much bread stuffing, rolls, sweet potatoes, and pie. What happened to the excess glucose in his body?

Most of the glucose was converted to fat and stored in his waistline.

Indicate the role of saturated fat

Most of these fatty acids increase blood cholesterol levels by raising LDL cholesterol.

Sucrose, fructose, and lactose are

Naturally occuring sugars

Foods low in calories and high in vitamins and minerals are referred to as _________-_________ foods.

Nutrient dense

Name some foods that are energy dense

Nuts, donuts, fried foods, butter, salad dressing, cheese

beta-carotene

Orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables that may reduce risk if certain cancers and macular degeneration.

Foods that contain a lot of energy and few micronutrients and protein include _____.

Pastries

Dull pain felt in the stomach area

Peptic Ulcers

Proteins

Production of structural and functional components, fluid balance

Name some foods that have a Low Glycemic Index. Recall that Low GI/GL foods don't cause a dramatic increase in blood glucose and insulin levels. By following a low GI/GL diet, you may be able to reduce your risk of type 2 diabetes.

Raw carrots, peanuts, apples, cooked spaghetti, reduced fat vanilla icecream.

Phytochemicals

Reduce risk of cancer and heart disease, and provide antioxidant protection from harmful environmental and internal factors.

What are some sources of empty calories?

Regular soft drinks, fatty meats such as hot dogs and bacon, and sugar ready to eat cereals

Vitamins

Regulation of body processes, maintenance of immune function

Examples of polyunsaturated fat

Safflower oil, Grapeseed oil, Sunflower oil

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of anabolism? Muscle cells breaking down fat to release heat Skin cells using protein to replace burned skin tissue Brain cells destroying chemicals that transmit information between the cells White blood cells metabolizing glucose for energy

Skin cells using protein to replace burned skin tissue

Which of the following behaviors is a risk factor for heart disease? Being taller than average Smoking cigarettes Having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Consuming excess vitamin C

Smoking cigarettes

Carbohydrates

Source of energy in most forms

Which US federal agent enforced consumer protection laws and investigated complaints about false or misleading health claims that are used in advertising? The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Ryan is taking nutrition class and learning about the digestive process. When he learned that after a meal, the contents of the stomach become very acidic, he wondered why the acid in the stomach doesn't digest the organ. Why doesn't the acid break down the stomach's lining and cause holes to form in the stomach's walls?

The stomach is lined with a layer of mucus that protects it.

Metabolism is:

The total of all chemical changes that occur in cells

To study this possibility, the scientist uses two groups of people who are over 75 years of age and have mild memory loss. The __________ group receives 100 pills that contain fish oil. The ________ group receives similar pills that don't contain any active ingredients. These fake pills are called _______.

Treatment Control Placebo

True or False: Defecation reflexes are stimulated by the presence of feces in the rectum.

True

Foods that are not energy dense

Vegetables, broth based soup, air popped popcorn, fruit, tea

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't supply any energy for the human body? Fat Alcohol Carbohydrate Vitamin C

Vitamin C

Derek consumes a protein-rich drink before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the drink to his diet. His report about the positive effects of the special drink is an example of a(an) anecdote. peer review. testimonial. scientific conclusion.

anecdote.

Emily has brittle fingernails that crack and split easily. Emily's mother advises her daughter to take gelatin pills 3 times/day, because she's heard the practice strengthens fingernails. The mother's nutrition-related advice about the benefit of taking gelatin pills is an example of a(an) scientific conclusion. biased report. anecdote. testimonial.

anecdote.

Men's Journal and Family Circle may be unreliable sources of nutrition information, because

articles in such popular magazines generally do not undergo peer-review before they are published.

Cholesterol intake should be limited to:

as low as possible while consuming a healthy diet.

Antonio has severe heartburn. To reduce his risk of having frequent heartburn and developing esophageal cancer, his physician recommended that he eat more meals that include foods made with tomato-based sauces. avoid overeating during meals. take a multivitamin/multimineral pill that supplies at least 300 mg vitamin C before meals. raise the foot of his bed by 3 inches, so his head is lower than his feet, when he lies down.

avoid overeating during meals.

Name some foods that have a high glycemic index

banana, jelly beans, cornflakes, french fries, plain bagel

Examples of saturated fat

beef fat, butter

What are macronutrients?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

Atherosclerosis contributes to cardiovascular disease by

causing inflammation slowing blood flow through the arteries and allowing clots to form forming plaque in the carotid arteries that can reduce blood flow to the brain Atherosclerosis can cause high blood pressure, not low blood pressure. Low blood pressure is not related to cardiovascular disease risk. Having a high HDL cholesterol level is beneficial to health.

The small intestine is the primary site for __________

digestion and absorption of lipids

The _____________ is the flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the windpipe.

epiglottis

The _________is a long tube in the digestive tract that connects the back of the mouth with the top of the stomach.

espohagus

Lipids are broken down into coenzymes. glucose. fatty acids and glycerol. amino acids.

fatty acids and glycerol.

Bile flows from the liver into the _________ where it is stored until needed.

gallbladder

The liver produces bile. Bile is stored in the __________and released through the bile duct into the ________ ________.

gallbladder, small intestine

Individuals with type I diabetes

have cells that don't produce insulin.

Insulin

helps glucose enter cells.

Nikki has a disease that interferes with the production of lipase in her pancreas. Based on this information, a sign of this disease is

high amounts of fat in the stools

The stomach produces_________________, which is important for the digestion of protein.

hydrochloric acid

The major type of diabetes is characterized by _________________.

insulin resistance.

After sugars are absorbed into the ____________, they are transported to the liver via the __________________.

intestinal bloodstream, hepatic portal vein

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

lacteals within the villi.

Coretta has chronic heartburn. To reduce her risk of developing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), her physician recommended that she lie down after meals. lose excess body fat. eat dark chocolate for dessert. snack on peppermint candy in between meals.

lose excess body fat.

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness. lose weight rapidly digest proteins more rapidly absorb vitamins efficiently build muscle tissue more efficiently

lose weight rapidly

Some starch is broken down in the ______ by salivary amylase from the salivary glands.

mouth

The less common form of diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in ___ _______ _______.

no pancreatic insulin.

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the U.S. population should consume more _____.

nutrient dense foods and fiber

Four dice represents a serving for what?

one ounce of cheese

Bonnie has plaque in an artery in her lower left leg. This condition is a sign of

peripheral vascular disease

The ________________controls the rate at which the semisolid food mixture leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.

pyloric sphincter

Glucagon is a hormone that is secreted by your pancreas. Glucagon

raises your blood glucose to normal level.

After your morning class, you rush to the dining facility and eat a large slice of pizza for lunch. Following the meal, your blood sugar _______ as your _________ releases _________.

rises, pancreas, insulin.

Solid fats generally have a high proportion of ____ fatty acids. unsaturated saturated polyunsaturated monounsaturated

saturated

People should also limit their intake of _________to less than 10% of total calories.

saturated fat

The carbohydrates in your diet can contribute to tooth decay by

serving as food for the acid-producing bacteria that live on your teeth and gums.

Most lipid digestion occurs in the

small intestine

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the

small intestine

Salivary glands secrete an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth.

starch

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup, Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue. During the 24 hours that followed the injury, Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted meaty. cold. sweet. sour.

sweet.

Add for a popular over the counter cold remedy that contains vitamin C suggest that megadoses of the vitamin help prevent or minimize the effects of the common cold. If the label on the products package states that each pill contains 1,000 mg of vitamin C, how many grams of vitamin C is in each pill?

1 gram of vitamin C

Sondra is allergic to raw fruit. When she eats fresh apples, for example, her lips soon begin to swell and feel like they've been burned. Although she can't eat fresh fruit, she can consume cooked, canned, or juiced forms of fruit. According to the USDA, she can substitute ___ of canned applesauce for 2 small fresh apples.

2 cups

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy people should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg per day? 230 mg 2300 mg 4600 mg 460 mg

2300 mg

In 2018, food manufacturers will no longer be able to use partially hydrogenated oils in foods. Why were these substances banned?

They are harmful to health

Signs that a woman has metabolic syndrome

Waist circumference 36 inches, high blood pressure, normal blood glucose, low fasting HDL, high fasting triglycerides

Having a control group enables researchers to test possible questions for future research efforts. avoid using harmful interventions when testing members of the experimental group. compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group. provide specific treatments to participants of the group.

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group.

Devon has a rare condition characterized by the lack of saliva-producing cells. Based on this information, Devon probably has

difficulty swallowing.

All of the following are factors that increase the risk of peptic ulcers, EXCEPT heavy consumption of alcohol. eating fatty foods. having a stomach that is infected with the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria. frequent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin.

eating fatty foods

What organ produces bile?

liver

To produce the maximum amount of energy from the breakdown of macronutrients, human cells require

oxygen

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw appears in television commercials in which he endorses "AminoProFix" for building muscle mass quickly and safely. His support of the product is an example of a(an)

paid testimonial

The _________ produces and secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

pancreas

Waves of muscular activity help propel food material through the digestive tract. This muscular action is called

peristalsis

During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they're not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) scientific observation. scare tactic. biased report. anecdotal evidence.

scare tactic.

Sam usually consumes 2800 kcal per day and maintains a healthy weight for his height by exercising daily. On average, his intake of added sugars is 160 kcal per day; his saturated fat intake is 9% of his total calorie intake; his sodium intake is 2700 mg per day, and his water intake is almost 10 cups per day. He would like to follow the recommendations of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Based on this information, his _____ intake doesn't meet the recommendations.

sodium and water

According to the package label, a bag of potato chips weighs 24 ounces and each 8-ounce serving of the chips provides 170 kcal. While eating lunch, Lori consumed the contents of an entire bag of the chips. Based on this information, how many total kcal of the chips did she consume?

510 kcal 170 kcal x 24 ounces = 4080 / 8 = 510

Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat? Pork fat Sunflower oil Butter Palm Oil

Butter

When eating portions of various foods and beverages, practice _______ , which means don't eat too much of them.

Moderation

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of catabolism? Skin cells using protein to replace burned skin tissue White blood cells making proteins that protect against harmful viruses Brain cells forming chemicals that transmit information between the cells Muscle cells breaking down glucose to release heat

Muscle cells breaking down glucose to release heat

Partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) contain trans fatty acids. Because scientists have determined that PHOs are harmful to health, their use in foods will be be banned in mid-2018. Why did food manufacturers use PHOs in processed foods?

PHOs increased a food's shelf life.

I'm in a group of healthy people who are being studied for the next 10 years. As participants in the study, scientists have us complete surveys about our personal medical histories, environmental exposures, and dietary practices.

Population study

Isoflavonoids

Substance in soybeans with antioxidant activity that may inhibit cancer and reduce risk of heart disease

Organic farming refers to certain agricultural methods that are different than conventional farming methods. Which of the following substances are not permitted to be used for growing or raising certified 100% organic foods? (Check all that apply.) Synthetic fertilizers Rainwater Eroded rocks Animal solid waste Antibiotics

Synthetic fertilizers & Antibiotics

In an earlier study involving laboratory rats, adding a daily vitamin D supplement to the animals' diet for 12 months reduced the risk of cancer in rodents.

Treatment

The stomach churns food, mixing it with gastric juice. secretes enzymes, including bile and various amylases. produces sulfuric acid, which helps digest starch. absorbs most vitamins and minerals.

churns food, mixing it with gastric juice.

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into

chylomicrons.

The churning movements of the stomach mix food with gastric juice . At this point, the food is a semisolid mixture called ________.

chyme

The presence of __________ in the small intestine also stimulates the pancreas to release _______ _______.

chyme, pancreatic lipase

A magazine advertisement for a weight loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) disclaimer. anecdote. placebo. testimonial.

disclaimer.

A primary fuel for muscles and other cells is

glucose

The accessory organ of the digestive system that produces bile is the

liver

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information? choosemyplate.gov/fruits eatright.org/informationforpublic optimalhealthandnutrition4ever.com/tips ksu.edu/foodandnutritiondepartment

optimalhealthandnutrition4ever.com/tips

Swallowing food stimulates ___________ , waves of muscular activity that help propel food through the digestive tract.

peristalsis

A person claims his newly invented device treats cancer without surgery, medication, or other forms of conventional medical therapy. However, people who have used the device report that it wasn't helpful, and it may have harmed them. According to this information, the inventor's claims and his device are anecdotal evidence. quackery. clinically proven. placebos.

quackery.

Nelson is a college freshman living on his own for the first time. He eats out a lot at fast food restaurants and snacks on foods that are high in empty calories from the vending machines on campus. Nelson spends much of his time sitting in classes or working online. Lately he has been noticing symptoms of constipation. All of the following recommendations might help Nelson alleviate his constipation, EXCEPT increase his fluid intake, especially water and 100% fruit juice. go to the bathroom as soon as he feels the urge to have a bowel movement. spend more of his leisure time resting. eat more high-fiber foods, including whole grain breads and cereals.

spend more of his leisure time resting.

1000 mcg = ___ mg

1 mg

How many grams of macronutrients does the body require daily?

130 grams

Although Alfonzo doesn't like many kinds of vegetables, he is willing to eat more servings of nutrient-dense, raw leafy vegetables each day. According the the USDA, Alfonzo can count ____ as a serving of a vegetable.

2 cups of raw spinach

Low blood sugar or hypoglycemia is generally blood sugar below

70 mg/dl.

Normal fasting blood glucose levels are between

70-99 mg/dl.

Chylomicron

A lipoprotein that is formed in the absorptive cells of the small intestine

Define First Amendment

Allows people to provide information that is not true. The first amendment doesn't protect consumers from nutrition misinformation or false nutrition claims.

Regina's grandmother is teaching her how to make mayonnaise. She explains that mayonnaise is made using oil, salt, vinegar (or lemon juice), and egg yolks. Lecithin in the egg yolks acts as an emulsifier. What's an emulsifier?

An emulsifier is a substance that helps fat-soluble and water-soluble compounds mix with each other.

While sitting or having bowel movements, Fatima is alarmed because she has rectal pain. According to her doctor, she has hemorrhoids. Based on this information, Fatima is very likely to also be experiencing which of the following signs or symptoms? (Check all that apply.) Anal itching Fresh blood in her feces Acid reflux Gallstones Peptic ulcers

Anal itching Fresh blood in her feces

A ________ between physical activity and caloric intake will help to maintain a healthy weight.

Balance

Candy, chocolate chip cookies, and sugar-sweetened soft drinks are rich sources of _________.

Empty calories

A food that contains high amounts of fat and/or added sugars per serving. This food is also a poor source of vitamins and minerals. Based on this description, the food supplies a lot of ______-_______.

Empty-calories

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which of the following foods would not be a component of a healthy diet pattern? (Check all that apply.) Olive oil Energy drink Whole milk Bacon Sardines

Energy drink Whole milk Bacon

All of the following are lifestyle risk factors for chronic diseases except: Cigarette smoking Family history of the chronic disease Poor dietary choices Excessive alcohol consumption Physical inactivity

Family history of the chronic disease. This is not a lifestyle risk factor bc the person cannot help it.

Identify risk factors that increase an American's risk for developing type 2 diabetes.

Family history of type 2 diabetes, Personal history of gestational diabetes, obesity, and African ancestry

What are two excellent sources of credible nutrition information?

Government agencies (.gov) and accredited colleges and universities (.edu) and (.org)

What are the top two leading causes of death in the United States that are associated with poor diet?

Heart disease and cancer

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol? HDL Chylomicron LDL VLDL

LDL

Extra lean is a food that provides:

Less than 5 grams of fat, 2 grams of saturated fat, and 95 mg of cholesterol per serving.

Enzyme that breaks down lipids

Lipase

The foods that you eat contain _____ that are necessary for proper body functioning.

Nutrients

HDL (High Density Lipoprotein)

Often called the "good cholesterol" because it carries cholesterol away from cells and back to the liver for processing and elimination

Eating a variety of fruits, vegetables, and grain foods will help provide beneficial _________ to your diet.

Phytochemicals

Which of the following groups of people may need to take vitamin or mineral supplements because they need more than the RDA or AI amounts of nutrients? (Check all that apply.) Pregnant women Older adults Healthy adults who don't exercise enough Children with chronic diseases

Pregnant women Older adults Children with chronic diseases

A scientist presents the following _______ question: "Does taking fish oil supplements improve memory?"

Scientific

A physician should be contacted when vomiting is accompanied by which of the following signs or symptoms? (Check all that apply.) Severe abdominal pain Failure to urinate for 8 hours Swollen joints Heartburn Headache

Severe abdominal pain Failure to urinate for 8 hours Headache A physician should also be contacted if vomiting lasts for more than 24 hours because severe dehydration can occur.

The people who are ________ of the study and the scientist in charge of the research don't know which group is getting the fish oil containing pills. This kind of study is called a ___________ study.

Subjects Double blind

Which of the following menu items contains a lot of empty calories? 100% fruit juices Fat-free dairy products Whole grain breads Sugar sweetened soft drinks

Sugar sweetened soft drinks

True or False: Mass movements of the colon propel feces toward the rectum.

True

True or false: Frozen orange juice has calcium and vitamin D added to it, which may help people with brittle bones.

True

Which of the following foods is an example of an "enriched" food? Uncooked white rice that has iron added to it Frozen orange juice that has vitamin D added to it Margarine-like spread that has vitamins A and D added to it Fresh fat-free milk that has vitamins A and D added to it

Uncooked white rice that has iron added to it

Common nonnutritive sweeteners include

aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, and neotame.

Hands wrapped around the throat is a common sign of _________.

choking

This morning, you overslept and woke up late for class. In a rush to leave the house, you didn't eat much for breakfast. A few hours later, your stomach is empty and your blood glucose ___________.

declines.

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information? purdue.edu choosemyplate.gov dietsnomore4u.com eatright.org

dietsnomore4u.com

This situation causes your pancreas to release _______________, which stimulates the breakdown of __________ to glucose in the _______.

glucagon, glycogen, liver

Lipids play many important roles in your body. These functions include

providing energy (fats), maintaining cell membranes, and helping to regulate blood pressure and inflammation.

Regina is pregnant and concerned about the safety of eating fish and seafood during pregnancy. Because certain kinds of fish and seafood can contain harmful amounts of methylmercury, Regina should avoid eating ____ while pregnant.

shark

Activity of salivary amylase stops in the acidic environment of the ______.

stomach

Only minor digestion of fat occurs in the

stomach

If your diet supplies more glucose than you need, the excess can be

stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

For the past few months, Jon hasn't been feeling well. His stomach hurts; he doesn't have any energy; and he often feels like he's going to vomit. He has no interest in eating, so he's lost several pounds. Yesterday, he went to the student health center, because he had bloody diarrhea. Based on this information, Jon should be tested for _____. gallstones hemorrhoids gastroesophageal reflux disease ulcerative colitis

ulcerative colitis

Martha wants to follow the Dietary Guidelines recommendations for saturated fat intake. She currently consumes a diet that supplies 2700 kcal per day. To meet the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines, she should limit her saturated fat intake to less than ____ grams per day.

30

How many kcal are in 1 gram of carbs and proteins?

4kcal

How many kcal in 1 gram of fat?

9kcal

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol? Chicken Peanuts Broccoli Oranges

Chicken

Which of the following foods is the most energy dense per four- ounce serving? Chocolate cupcake Orange juice Fat-free milk Fresh strawberries

Chocolate cupcake

Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet. Which of the following foods should she add? Margarine Citrus fruits Eggs White bread

Citrus fruits

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)? Raw apple Corn flakes cereal Fat-free milk Raw carrots

Corn flakes cereal

Define EER

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) The average caloric intake for healthy people who are maintaining their weight.

Mitch recently tried a hair-restoring product that he purchased from an Internet website. The package's label displayed the following claim: "Rubbing a tablespoon of 'NutraTerraMino' on your scalp each day will cure the hair loss associated with the aging process." After a month of using "NutraTerraMino" daily, he stopped because the product made his hair fall out. Based on this information, Mitch should file a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission. Bureau of Health Fraud. Environmental Protection Agency. Department of Public Safety.

Federal Trade Commission.

Lutein

May reduce risk of macular degeneration; found in egg yolks

An antioxidant

May reduce the risk of heart disease and protects cells from harmful environmental factors

Which of the following foods is a natural source of trans fat? Olive oil Tomato sauce Avocados Meat

Meat

Katelyn just learned that she's pregnant. She wants to increase her intake of omega-3 fatty acids. Which foods can she eat to increase her intake of these fatty acids safely?

Sardines, catfish, and trout Although many kinds of fish and seafood are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids, swordfish and shark may contain too much methylmercury to eat during pregnancy.

Lipids

Source of energy, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, cellular development

Caffeine

Substance that has a stimulant effect that's in cocoa, coffee, and tea

Some foods such as _______ are more nutrient- dense than others.

Vegetables

The digestive system not only processes the foods we eat, but it is also the site of some bacterial nutrient production. Which of the following nutrients are produced by certain bacteria that live in the large intestine? Vitamin E and iron Vitamin A and beta-carotene Vitamin K and biotin Vitamin D and calcium

Vitamin K and biotin

Wyatt is a healthy 23-year-old graduate student. When Wyatt hasn't eaten for a few hours, his blood glucose level ____ and he begins to feel hungry.

decreases

Bile aids in the digestion of _____.

fat

Bile is produced in the________.

liver

How many mg does the body need of micronutrients per day?

130 mg

Jackson consumes an average of 2600 kcal/day. He would like to follow the recommendation concerning added sugars intake that is highlighted in the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Based on this information, Jackson should limit his added sugar intake to less than ____ kcal/day.

260

Define AI

Adequate Intake When there is not sufficient enough research to make a more definitive recommendation, this amount appears to maintain good health.

Which of the following groups of Americans is most a risk of undernutrition? Alcoholics School-age children Teenage boys Pregnant women

Alcoholics

Which of the following foods is a natural source of trans fat? Egg yolk Coconut oil Corn oil Butter

Butter

Which of the following substances is a phytochemical? Vitamin D Caffeine Cholesterol Iron

Caffeine

The caloric value of a food in relation to its total weight defines how _____-_____ a food is.

Energy-dense

True or False: Nutritional needs are based on personal traits such as your blood type.

False

Type of fiber found in apples and oatmeal, that absorbs water, a thickening agent used in jams and jellies, and is thought to have cholesterol lowering properties

Soluble fiber

Quercetin

Substance in fruits, vegetables, and red wine that may inhibit cancer and reduce risk of heart disease

Indicate the role of monosaturated fat

These fatty acids generally lower LDL cholesterol and raise HDL cholesterol

Signs that a male has metabolic syndrome

Waist circumference 42 inches, high fasting blood glucose, high triglycerides, low fasting HDL, high blood pressure

Chylomicrons transport

cholesterol

The gallbladder releases bile into the _______.

duodenum

Jamie has reactive hypoglycemia. Based on this information, Jamie should

eat smaller, more frequent meals.

A healthy diet

generally changes during different stages of life.

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing some excess water and minerals from chyme.

large intestine

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and

learning ways to manage stress effectively.

Which of the following statements is true? Insoluble fiber swells in water, which attracts cholesterol molecules to the fiber. A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation. The human body stores soluble fiber in muscle tissue. The human intestinal tract releases enzymes that breakdown dietary fiber into glucose molecules.

A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation.

Correctly trace the path of food through the gastrointestinal tract:

Esophagus > stomach > small intestine

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? Hamburger Tuna Grapes Margarine

Grapes

The __________ is a first aid technique that can help clear the blocked airway of a choking person.

Heimlich maneuver

Which of the following substances is a normal component of gastric juice? (Check all that apply.) Bile Hydrochloric Acid Water Mucus Enzymes Alcohol

Hydrochloric Acid Water Mucus Enzymes Bile is made by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It is not found in the stomach. Alcohol is not a normal component of gastric juice.

Structure that transports lipids through the bloodstream and lymph

Lipoprotein

A group of researchers wants to conduct a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that affect the development of obesity. Which of the following activities is likely to be the first step of their research efforts? Submitting an article that explains the experiment's design to a newspaper Reporting their results on a popular television program Observing the general dietary practices of obese people Analyzing data collected during the study

Observing the general dietary practices of obese people

I'm a subject in this study but I think the experimental pill that the researchers gave to me to take each day doesn't contain anything that reduces my risk of colon cancer.

Placebo

Which of the following foods is energy dense? Leaf lettuce Potato chips Fresh strawberries Orange juice

Potato chips

Which groups of people should avoiding eating shark, tilefish, swordfish, and king mackerel?

Pregnant women, five year old children, and breastfeeding mothers

What is called when scientists rely on their personal attributes and biases when collecting and analyzing data or evaluating and reporting on their results?

Research bias

Scientists think that taking vitamin D supplements regularly is an effective way to reduce the risk of colon cancer.

Scientific question

Indicate the role of trans fat

These fatty acids raise LDL cholesterol while reducing beneficial HDL cholesterol

Indicate the role of polyunsaturated fat

These fatty acids will lower LDL cholesterol, but in some people, they may also cause a decrease in beneficial HDL cholesterol.

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing an herbal product for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n)

testimonial

The ______ nutrients support normal body functions.

Essential

What kind of nutrients must be supplied by food to prevent a deficiency?

Essential nutrients

In the United States, which agency investigates complaints about false or misleading health-related claims that appear in food advertisements?

Federal Trade Commission

Which of the following substances is an essential nutrient? Linoleic acid Bile salt Cholesterol Lecithin

Linoleic acid

During the digestive process, food or chyme doesn't pass through which of the following structures? Small intestine Esophagus Mouth Liver

Liver

Saponins

May kill certain microbes; found in garlic

Certain foods are more nutritious than others, and a food that contains more vitamins and minerals in relation to fat, sugar, and alcohol content is called a _____-______ food.

Nutrient-dense

People that report that taking fish oil supplements improves their memory. This is an example of a (an)

Observation

What is the order of the scientific method?

Observe, Hypothesis, Make Predictions, Test/ Experiment, Retest/ Revise, Draw Conclusions, Report Findings

Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy? Cholesterol Vitamin D Iron Protein

Protein

Name the three disaccharides

Sucrose, lactose, maltose

Samantha is a 19 year old college student with Italian ancestry. Although Samantha smokes cigarettes , she doesn't like the taste of alcohol. When choosing foods, she avoids refined grain products, dairy foods, and salads. She spends much of her time in class texting friends, studying, watching videos, or sleeping. Which of the following characteristics increases Samantha's risk of chronic diseases later in her life? Check all that apply Having Italian ancestry Smoking Avoiding products made with refined grains Being a 19 year old college student Sitting

Smoking and sitting

Which of the following statements is true? An experimental study doesn't need to have a control group. In a single-blind study, both the researchers and the human subjects don't know their group assignments. In the United States, nutrition scientists often conduct studies on humans before doing animal testing. Before scientists begin their research, they usually develop a question to guide their study.

Before scientists begin their research, they usually develop a question to guide their study.

Mariele purchased a box of cereal that had the following claim on the label: "Eat one bowl of this cereal a day for a month, and your skin with be healthier." Mariele is skeptical about the honesty of the claim. She should report her concern about the claim to the Better Business Bureau. Food and Drug Administration. Environmental Protection Agency. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

Food and Drug Administration.

What are the health benefits of dietary supplement, Acidophilus?

May restore the balance of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract

What feature is required on labels of dietary supplements?

FDA disclaimer if the FDA has not reviewed a claim.

Identify which of the following nutrients are major sources of ATP-energy for your cells. (Check all that apply.) Glucose Protein Fat Vitamin C Iron

Glucose and Fat Your cells rely heavily on glucose and fat for energy.

A slippery substance that protects the stomach wall is ________.

mucus

Luisa is overweight and has a condition called pre-diabetes. She would like to locate a nutrition and diet expert to help her lose weight. She should seek a _____, because this person is a college-trained health care professional who has extensive knowledge of foods, nutrition, and dietetics.

registered dietitian who counsels patients in a hospital clinic

Roberta consumes an average of 1800 kcal/day. She would like to follow the recommendation concerning added sugars intake that is highlighted in the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Based on this information, Roberta should limit her added sugar intake to less than ____ kcal/day.

180

A serving of food contains 24 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, 3 ounces of water, 6 g fat, 25 mg vitamin B-12, and 1.8 mg iron. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ______ kcal.

190 kcal

Adam's usual caloric intake is 2200 kcal per day. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugars should contribute less than 10% of a person's total energy intake. Therefore, he should limit his added sugar intake to less than ____ kcal per day.

220 10% of 2200

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, adults should limit their daily sodium intake to less than

2300 mg

Which of the following statements is true? According to scientific research, anecdotes that describe how nutrients benefit health are reliable sources of information. In the United States, people can include "RDN" after their name, even if they aren't qualified to use the credential. A disclaimer on a product's label provides proof that the product is likely to live up to the manufacturer's claims. A person who uses a drink that contains vinegar as a cure for patients with lung cancer is practicing quackery.

A person who uses a drink that contains vinegar as a cure for patients with lung cancer is practicing quackery.

A serving of food supplies 18 G protein, 20 g carbohydrate, 7 g fat, 18 mg vitamin E, 2 mg iron, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of food? Vitamin E provides the most food energy Fat provides the most food energy Fat provides about 75% of total calories Carbohydrate provides the most food energy

Carbohydrate provides the most food energy

Lisa is a 19-year-old college student who recently began experiencing symptoms of lactose intolerance. Select all of the dietary practices that may help Lisa meet her calcium needs without aggravating her lactose intolerance symptoms. (Check all that apply.) Eat yogurt and aged cheese Drink milk that has been pre-treated with lactase Drink milk in between meals and snacks rather than with them Drink calcium-fortified soy milk instead of cow's milk Try drinking small amounts of milk

Eat yogurt and aged cheese Drink milk that has been pre-treated with lactase Drink calcium-fortified soy milk instead of cow's milk Try drinking small amounts of milk Some people with lactose intolerance can consume small amounts of milk without experiencing the discomfort of lactose intolerance.

Duncan was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, he had to live in a special medical unit at the university hospital. He wasn't permitted to eat anything other than the synthetic formula diet provided by the researchers. The formula contained vitamins, choline, minerals, animal protein, purified water, and corn starch. Within a few weeks, Duncan developed patches of scaly skin on his arms and legs and bald spots on his head. When _____ were added to his formula, the signs of the nutritional deficiency disappeared.

Essential fatty acids

True or false: Glucose, protein, glycerol, and long-chain fatty acids are absorbed from the small intestine directly into the bloodstream.

False • Most nutrients are absorbed from the small intestine and travel via the portal vein to the liver. Long-chain fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins are first absorbed into lymphatic vessels, which later empty into the bloodstream and travel to the liver. • Some absorbed nutrients will eventually end up in cells all over the body, including those of the pancreas, gallbladder, and large intestine, but these organs do not regulate nutrient storage and transport in the way that the liver does. • With the exception of water, sodium, potassium, some fatty acids, gases, and vitamins produced by bacteria, most nutrients have already been absorbed by the time food matter reaches the large intestine.

If your body does not secrete bile after you eat a meal, your intestinal tract would have difficulty absorbing which of the following substances? Carbohydrate Protein Iron Fat

Fat

A serving of food supplies 25 g of carbohydrate, 15 g fat, 18 g protein, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of food? Protein provides about 50% of total calories Carbohydrate provides the most food energy Water provides the most food energy Fat provides the most food energy

Fat provides the most food energy

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Agricultural Research Service (ARS).

Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

Name the two monosaccharides

Fructose and glucose

A nutrition researcher adds 30 mg of the mineral iron to the daily diet of 50 4-week-old laboratory mice. After ten weeks, the scientist takes blood samples from each mouse. According to his findings, the mice developed abnormal red blood cells. Based on this information and your knowledge of scientific research, what would you tell him? He should consider his findings as an observation and redesign the study to include a control group. He should report his findings to other nutrition scientists, so they can repeat his study and confirm the results. He should prepare a research article for submission to a peer-reviewed nutrition journal. He should call a press conference and report his findings to the public, so they can avoid consuming excess iron.

He should consider his findings as an observation and redesign the study to include a control group

Which of the following statements is true? An egg is a rich source of carbohydrate. Beans are a good source of lactose. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks are a good source of lactose. Honey is a rich source of fructose.

Honey is a rich source of fructose.

Lipid rich particle that is surrounded by bile salts,which helps transport lipids to absorptive cells

Micelle

What are the health benefits of dietary supplement Echinacea?

Mixed scientific evidence to support common cold prevention claims

Over time, untreated or poorly-controlled diabetes mellitus ("diabetes") causes much harm to the body. Which of the following disorders, conditions, or events is a serious health consequence of poorly-controlled diabetes, including gestational diabetes? (Check all that apply.) Nerve damage Kidney failure Diverticula Low-birth-weight baby Heart disease

Nerve damage Kidney failure Heart disease

Which of the following statements is untrustworthy or misleading because it contains a "red flag" of unreliable nutrition-related information? People who have cancer should take vitamin C pills because the pills have been clinically proven to cure cancer. People who have questions about medical conditions should seek answers from practitioners who have had the proper training and licensing. People who have concerns about health-related products or treatments should be skeptical to avoid being cheated out of their money. People who have complaints about false or misleading health claims should report them to the Federal Trade Commission.

People who have cancer should take vitamin C pills because the pills have been clinically proven to cure cancer.

What are functions does the FDA role in?

Permitting certain nutrient content claims on packaged foods Establishing various kinds of health claims that food manufacturers can use Requiring package labels to include the packaged food's weight per container and food manufacturer's name and address

Which of the following foods is a major source of saturated fat in American diets? Salad dressing made with corn oil and vinegar Dipping sauce made with olive oil and fresh basil leaves Pizza with mozzarella cheese and pepperoni slices Guacamole made with avocados, tomatoes, and onions

Pizza with mozzarella cheese and pepperoni slices

Sharia is a 24 year old college student with white ancestry. Sharia smokes cigarettes, eats nuts and whole grains, but doesn't like to consume vegetables. Which of the following characteristics increases sharia's risk of chronic diseases later in life? Having white ancestry Smoking Eating nuts Being a 24 year old college student Avoiding vegetables

Smoking and avoiding vegetables

Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her iced tea with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use? Sucrose Sucralose Xylitol Aspartame

Sucralose

A scientist conducts a study to determine the effects of the mineral cadmium on the weight of mice. She adds 5 mcg of the mineral to the daily diet of 100 4-week-old laboratory mice. Every week, the researcher records the weight of each mouse. At the end of the study, the scientist notes that 3 mice died, 40 mice lost weight, 40 mice gained weight, and the remaining 17 mice didn't gain or lose weight during the 12-week period. Based on this information, what would you tell the researcher about her findings? The findings are biased because the scientist used mice instead of humans in her study. The findings are newsworthy and important enough to be published in a peer-reviewed nutrition journal. The findings are not meaningful because of the way the scientist designed her study. The findings are very interesting and provide scientific proof that cadmium causes weight loss.

The findings are not meaningful because of the way the scientist designed her study.

Which of the following statements is an anecdote? (Check all that apply.) Your best friend tells you to take a fish oil supplement each day, because it cleared up her skin blemishes, so it should make your skin look better, too. Your nutrition instructor recommends that women who are likely to become pregnant should take a prenatal vitamin supplement each day, because the practice can reduce the risk of certain birth defects. A physician tells your mother to take a supplement that contains 2000 IU of vitamin D daily, because blood tests indicate she is vitamin-D deficient. Your best friend advises you to drink coconut milk, because it helped him stop losing his hair. Your blood pressure is elevated, so your sister recommends that you take a garlic pill daily, because her high blood pressure declined after she started taking the herbal supplement.

Your best friend tells you to take a fish oil supplement each day, because it cleared up her skin blemishes, so it should make your skin look better, too. Your nutrition instructor recommends that women who are likely to become pregnant should take a prenatal vitamin supplement each day, because the practice can reduce the risk of certain birth defects. A physician tells your mother to take a supplement that contains 2000 IU of vitamin D daily, because blood tests indicate she is vitamin-D deficient. Your best friend advises you to drink coconut milk, because it helped him stop losing his hair.

After attending a summertime picnic, 24-year-old Samantha developed severe diarrhea. Which of the following treatments should she use to treat her condition? take over-the-counter loperamide take 1,000 mg vitamin C and at least 60 mg iron daily, until the diarrhea subsides give herself coffee enemas every 3 hours to cleanse her colon consume watery fluids that contain sodium, potassium, and simple sugars

consume watery fluids that contain sodium, potassium, and simple sugars

If your diet doesn't provide an adequate amount of carbohydrate, your body alters its metabolism of other nutrients to meet your energy needs. Insufficient dietary carbohydrate can lead to elevated levels of ketone bodies in the bloodstream. Ketone bodies result from the partial breakdown of _____.

fat

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has colitis. gallstones. aneurysms. constipation.

gallstones.

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing ulcerative colitis. gastroesophageal reflux disease. irritable bowel syndrome. chronic constipation.

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

The type of diabetes that may occur during pregnancy is called _______ ________.Women who have this condition are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes after giving birth.

gestational diabetes.

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should

increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber.

In the______________, some soluble fiber is fermented by bacteria.

large intestine

A group of scientists designed a clinical study to investigate the effects of cholesterol deficiency in humans. For the duration of the 8-week study, the adult subjects must live in a special research unit of a hospital. The only food the subjects can consume is a man-made formula that contains all known nutrients, except cholesterol. Based on this information, you would expect

none of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency during the entire study.

Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a new protein-containing product on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he's in the experimental group, because he's certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he didn't receive the new source of protein. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he's certain his muscle mass increased while he consumed the product. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of the placebo effect. an anecdotal report. participant fatigue. human subject bias.

the placebo effect.

Jacob has a rare medical condition that prevents his body from storing glucose as glycogen. Every four hours, day and night, Jacob has to consume a source of glucose that's slowly digested and absorbed by the intestinal tract. Which of the following foods should Jacob mix with water to form his life-saving solution? corn starch cellulose sucralose stevia extracts

Corn starch

Which of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals? Fresh blueberries Lean meat Raw egg whites Fat-free milk

Fresh blueberries

VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)

Made by the liver and released into the bloodstream; carries mostly triglyceride

Resveratrol

May inhibit cancer growth; found in red wine, grapes, and chocolate.

What are the health benefits of dietary supplement, Fish Oil?

May provide mild relief for symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

Dietary supplements are

Products that increase the intake of vitamins and minerals & Products that can contain an herb or other plant product

Dewayne is a 22 year old obese college student with Asian ancestry, who smokes cigarettes, doesn't drink alcohol, and doesn't like to eat fruits and vegetables. Which of the following characteristics increases Dwayne's risk of chronic diseases later in life? Check all that apply. Having Asian ancestry Smoking Being obese Being a 22 year old college student Avoiding alcohol

Smoking and being obese

Which of the following substances can interfere with the recycling of bile salts in the body? Fatty acids Vitamin A Mineral Water Soluble fiber

Soluble fiber

Because she's pregnant, Regina's interested in eating more foods that contain high amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Which of the following foods is an excellent source of EPA and DHA?

Baked salmon Your body can only make small amounts of EPA and DHA. Therefore it's a good idea to include sources of DHA and EPA, such as fatty fish, such as salmon, in your diet.

Some manufactured foods contain ingredients that are added to help manage specific health problems. Such foods are called ______ _______.

Functional foods

Mike likes to drink a commercially prepared chocolate milk. According to the label, the flavored milk contains 2% milk, water, high-fructose corn syrup, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. The sources of carbohydrate in this beverage are

2% milk and high-fructose corn syrup.

A researcher observes that first-grade children who only eat foods sweetened with honey seem to behave the same as first-grade children who eat foods sweetened with cane sugar. After making the observation, the researcher decides to conduct a study to explore whether eating honey has any affect on school-age children's behavior. The researcher wants to follow the basic steps of the scientific method. Now that he's made the observation, his next step will be to: analyze information about the general dietary practices and common behavioral problems of first-grade children. develop a question that's based on his observations of the children's behavior and their intakes of sweeteners such as honey. ask a group of peer reviewers for their help in designing a single-blind study involving the dietary practices of children. st two basic conclusions about behavioral problems that affect children who eat sweeteners such as honey.

develop a question that's based on his observations of the children's behavior and their intakes of sweeteners such as honey.

Tia experiences acid reflux from time to time. To help prevent bouts of acid reflux, Tia should take all of the following steps, EXCEPT avoid consuming beverages that contain caffeine or are carbonated. avoid eating peppermint and chocolate. drink milk and cream with meals. drink less alcohol.

drink milk and cream with meals.

According to the latest version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, _____ is a "nutrient of public health" concern.

fiber

As a result, your blood _________drops to your normal post-meal level

glucose

Carbohydrates are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. coenzymes. glucose. amino acids.

glucose

Two-month-old Jacob's diet lacks alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids. Based on this information, Jacob isn't

growing properly

Reduced or less fat foods provide:

less than 25% of the fat per serving than the referenced food

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are supplements. placebos. antidotes. treatments.

placebos.

What often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.

Acid Reflux

Which of the following statements is true? A person who has phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid products that contain saccharin. Infants should not be fed honey because it may contain botulism spores. Most "artificial" sweeteners have been banned by the FDA because of safety concerns. Sucralose provides 4 kcal/gram.

Infants should not be fed honey because it may contain botulism spores.

What substances are essential fatty acids?

Linoleic acid and Alpha-linoleic acid

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.

A medical researcher asked 50 people with painful, arthritic knees to rub a cream that contained vitamin E on their knees for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks, she asked the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. All 50 subjects reported improvement in their knee pain. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true? The researcher shouldn't report her findings, until she uses a single-blind study to test the vitamin E-containing cream. The results of this study prove that rubbing a cream that contains vitamin E on arthritic knees is a good way to relieve knee pain. The researcher should find a peer-review group to analyze her findings about the vitamin E-containing cream as a treatment for knee pain. The results about the benefits of using a vitamin E cream for knee pain are questionable, because the researcher didn't have a control group.

The results about the benefits of using a vitamin E cream for knee pain are questionable, because the researcher didn't have a control group.

When Austin tried to make pancakes, he kept stirring the ingredients, but they separated into oily and watery portions. His pancake ingredients were whole-wheat flour, milk, canola oil, and a little cinnamon and sugar. Which of the following ingredients could he add to keep the other ingredients from separating after they're stirred together?

eggs

All absorbed nutrients eventually travel to the liver. large intestine. pancreas. gallbladder.

liver

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a disease that affects the functioning of her pancreas. Based on this information, she absorbs excessive amounts of vitamins is taller than most children who are her age. has difficulty digesting food. is heavier than average for her height.

has difficulty digesting food.

Approximately 5% of diabetes cases are_____________.

type 1 diabetes.

The majority of Americans with diabetes have _____________.

type 2 diabetes.