Nutrition Exam 1 Ch 1-3, 20

On a food label, the % Daily Value table compares key nutrients per serving for a person consuming how many kilocalories daily?

. 2,000

Which of the following transport mechanisms moves substances against a concentration gradient?

. active transport

Which of the following macronutrients is the preferred fuel for the brain and red blood cells?

. carbohydrates

Composting is an example of which type of sustainable food strategy?

. reducing food waste

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are based on

. scientific evidence.

Which organ adds acid, enzymes, and gastric juice that grind food into a semiliquid?

. stomach

T/F Minerals are non-essential nutrients and provide 4kcal per gram

False

T/F Fats are similar to carbohydrates and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

True

What should be used to measure the internal temperature of meat to ensure that it has been cooked thoroughly and to avoid foodborne illness?

probe thermometer

Live beneficial bacteria that help restore or maintain a healthy balance of good bacteria in the gut are called

probiotics.

Dirty equipment in a food truck has contaminated food as it travels to the grocery store. In which step of the food supply process did the contamination occur?

processing and distribution

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

vitamin C

The forcible ejection of stomach contents is called

vomiting.

A nutrient claim is

a declaration on food packages to indicate a possibly beneficial nutrient.

Nutrient-dense foods are foods with

a high proportion of healthy nutrients relative to the number of calories.

Compared with the Estimated Average Requirements, the Recommended Dietary Allowances for nutrients are set at ______ level.

a much higher

The regurgitation of acid content from the stomach into the esophagus is called

acid reflux.

An individual consumes 1,500 calories and expends 2,000 calories per day. What aspect of a healthy diet is the person missing?

adequacy

Fecal-oral transmission can occur at all of the following times, EXCEPT

after toys in a daycare facility are soaked in a bleach-and-water solution overnight.

Facilitated diffusion requires

. a specific transport protein to help nutrients move through the cell membrane.

How many water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins do we know of?

10 and 4, respectively

Based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, what is the recommendation for protein intake?

10%-35%

Who is LEAST likely to be negatively affected by a foodborne illness?

20-year-old healthy college student

Of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States, how many are related to diet?

4

Refrigerated leftovers should be eaten or thrown out within , in the interest of health and food safety.

4 days

David is a football player consuming a high-calorie diet. His daily caloric intake is set at 4,500 kilocalories with the macronutrient distribution as follows: 45% carbohydrates, 18% fat, and the rest from protein. How many grams of protein is David's diet providing? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number)

416 grams

The safe zone for refrigerated foods is to be chilled below

41oF.

Based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, what is the recommendation for carbohydrate intake?

45%-65%

How many classes of nutrients do we know of?

6

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, 20% to 35% of the total caloric intake should come from fat. If Marcus is on a 3,500 kilocalorie diet, how many kilocalories should he obtain from dietary fat?

700-1225 kcal

John and his wife are celebrating their first wedding anniversary. Their dinner consists of 55 grams of carbohydrates, 36 grams of protein, 27 grams of fat, and 18 grams of alcohol. What is the total caloric value of their meal?

733 kilocalories

Sarah is making a pound cake for the bake sale. Of the 2,400 total kilocalories for the entire cake, 30% comes from fat. How many grams of fat are there in the cake?

80 grams

. Which of the following is a legitimate potential risk of growing and consuming genetically modified foods?

A plant food could produce a protein that is allergenic to some people.

Ulcers can be associated with

A. Helicobacter pylori infection. B. decreased mucus production. C. impaired removal of stomach acid. D. irritations or perforations.

A person with inflammatory bowel disease can be at risk for

A. bowel obstruction. B. ulcers. C. fistulas. D. malnutrition.

What can influence the world's food supply?

A. drought B. flooding C. civil unrest D. climate change

The digestive system includes

A. organs of the GI tract. B. salivary glands. C. liver and gallbladder. D. pancreas.

Where can food preparation result in foodborne illness?

A. private homes B. catering/banquet facilities C. institutions such as schools or prisons D. restaurants

The standard that provides recommendations for healthy ranges of energy-yielding macronutrients is termed the

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

Which of the following is one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrheal illness and hospitalizations in the United States and is found in over half of all raw chickens, in addition to being found in raw milk and raw shellfish?

Campylobacter

Which of the following is the correct representation of the body's organization from smallest entity to largest?

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ systems

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic from food guides around the world?

Choose saturated fats over unsaturated fats.

Resources for daily food plans, portion sizes, and MyPlate guidelines can be found at

ChooseMyPlate.gov.

The layers of stomach and intestinal wall closest to the intestinal lumen are called

D. mucosa.

Which of the following foods would be considered nutrient dense?

applesauce

High intake of which food additive has been connected to hyperactivity in some children?

artificial food colors (AFC)

How does MyPlate represent dairy products?

as a cup of milk or carton of yogurt off to the side

Which of the following is TRUE about USDA-certified organic food?

at least 95% of the agricultural ingredients must be certified organic

A healthy diet will include which of the following components?

balance adequacy moderation variety

Which of the following items is a good cue for estimating a portion size equal to one cup

baseball

A balanced diet contains _____, which are the fundamental components of eating healthfully.

carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

You purchase deli meat wrapped in plastic from a grocery store, carry it out to your car in a paper bag, and leave it in the car while running errands for another hour. It is 80 degrees outside. Which of the four steps of food safety have you neglected to follow?

chill

Which of the following is NOT a key message from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

consume more than 10% of calories from saturated fats

An animal study is being conducted to determine the effect of vitamin C on the incidence of common cold. The researcher gives one group of rats the vitamin C pills and the other group of rats gets the "dummy" pill (placebo). The rats that received the placebo would be called the

control group.

If everyone who attended a family reunion and ate a freshly prepared meal of carved roast turkey became sick with a foodborne illness, and those who ate the freshly prepared carved roast beef did not, then what aspect of the four steps to food safety would most likely have been the cause?

cook

The FDA has approved food irradiation for all of the following, EXCEPT

dairy foods.

What is the process of breaking down food to its smallest units in order for the nutrients to be absorbed?

digestion

Villi and microvilli produce a large surface area for the enhancement of

digestion and absorption.

. A condition in which there are small pouches or pockets in the wall or lining of the colon is known as

diverticular disease.

Which of the following is a protein molecule that catalyzes chemical digestion?

enzyme

Which of the following organs carries food from the mouth to the stomach?

esophagus

A nutrient that cannot be made by the body in sufficient quantities and that must be obtained from food

essential nutrient

Micronutrients are those that are required in small quantities. Which of the following is NOT a micronutrient?

fiber

The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) signed in 2011 is praised because of the focus on

food defense.

The declaration on a food package of the nutrient content is called

food labeling.

Prebiotics can help prevent digestive conditions by

fostering the growth of good bacteria.

The erosion of the esophageal lining can be caused by

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

What is the tubular channel extending from the mouth to the anus in which digestion and absorption occur?

gastrointestinal tract

A person suffering from celiac disease should eliminate _____ from their diet to ease symptoms.

gluten

Susan wants to enhance her immunity during the flu season. Which of the following would be the LEAST credible source of information?

guidelines on flu-prevention on the website yourhealth.com

All of the following can increase the likelihood of experiencing food insecurity, EXCEPT

having a family farm.

Which of the following in NOT a characteristic of enzymes?

Enzymes participate in reactions only once.

The standard that represents the average nutrient intake estimated to meet the daily requirements of 50% of healthy individuals is called the

Estimated Average Requirements.

Which federal agency has the primary legal responsibility for food additives?

FDA

T/F According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the majority of Americans are getting their recommended servings of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables

False

T/F Phytochemicals are found in all protein-rich foods, including chicken, eggs, and fish

False

T/F Water-soluble vitamins includes C, B, E

False

Which of the following is a declaration on a food package to indicate a link between a food, food component, or dietary supplement and a reduction in the risk of a disease?

health claim

Swollen or inflamed veins in the lower rectum are called

hemorrhoids.

In order to prevent illness, those most at risk for foodborne illness should avoid all of the following foods and beverages, EXCEPT

hot dogs heated thoroughly.

On a food package, ingredients are listed

in descending order of amount, according to weight.

Those who argue FOR genetically modified foods cite all of the following, EXCEPT

increased susceptibility to some pests.

Which of the following is a general name for diseases that cause inflammation and irritation of the digestive system?

inflammatory bowel disease

What is the process of taking food or other substances into the body via the mouth?

ingestion

A list of the more specific information about what the food package contains is called

ingredients list.

What process has been used to reduce the likelihood of foodborne illness experienced by NASA astronauts in space?

irradiation

When a person experiences abdominal pain or discomfort, along with diarrhea and/or constipation, this may be termed

irritable bowel syndrome.

What is the standard unit used to measure food energy?

kilocalories

Which organ absorbs water and some minerals and vitamins, while also passing waste material to its lower portion?

large intestine

Which of the following foods is rich in proteins?

legumes

Which organ produces bile?

liver

The inner space of the GI tract is referred to as the:

lumen.

What is the correct sequence of steps in following the scientific method to conduct research?

make observations, propose hypothesis, conduct experiment, and develop a theory

The physical fragmentation of foods into small particles is called

mechanical digestion.

Which of the following structures gives the lining of the small intestine a brushlike appearance, giving it the term brush border?

microvilli

Which of the following foods contains the most carbohydrates per gram?

milk

An individual consumes significantly more than 100% of the recommended daily allowance for fat intake. What aspect of a healthy diet is the person missing?

moderation

Which of the following is a dietary principle of not overindulging in potentially harmful foods, such as those that contain unhealthy levels of fat, sugar, and salt?

moderation

. The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 requires which of the following?

most foods be labeled using a standardized format

All of the following are TRUE of parasites, EXCEPT that they can

multiply in foods.

The most common symptoms of foodborne illness are

nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

The composition of proteins is different from that of carbohydrates due to the presence of

nitrogen.

Which of the following results in the highest number of cases of foodborne illness?

norovirus

The virus that causes the most foodborne illnesses and a significant number of related hospitalizations is

norovirus.

Which of the following are harder to find in food deserts in America?

nutrient-dense foods

Absorption occurs when

nutrients and other substances are removed from the lumen of the GI tract to enter the bloodstream.

The average American typically gets _____ of their calories from SOFAs (solid fats and added sugars) each day.

one-third

The small intestine is a(n) _____ that makes up a(n) _____.

organ; organ system

In the United States, there are several widely sold, common genetically modified (GM) foods. These include all of the following, EXCEPT

organic apples.

Which organ produces enzymes to digest energy-providing nutrients?

pancreas

An estimation of the amount of a specific nutrient contained in one serving, based on a daily intake of 2000 calories, is called

percent daily value (%DV).

Which of the following information is NOT provided on a Nutrition Facts Panel for a packaged food item?

percentage of calories from carbohydrates

Rhythmic wavelike contractions of the smooth muscle of the GI tract are called

peristalsis.

Which of the following diseases is NOT related to diet?

pneumonia

It is estimated that demand for food will rise by between 70% and 100% by 2050. What is one factor that will contribute to increasing demand?

population growth

Gram for gram, which nutrient(s) provide(s) the least energy?

protein, carbohydrates

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans

provide essential advice for how to eat healthfully and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of segmentation?

provides net forward movement of intestinal contents

Which type of cheese should a pregnant woman avoid to reduce her risk of contracting a foodborne illness?

queso fresco

Common food and beverage sources of Salmonella include all of the following, EXCEPT

raw oysters.

A sustainable food system needs

safe and secure food supply.

When molecules move freely across the cell membrane down the concentration gradient, this is called

simple diffusion.

Nutrients are primarily absorbed in which of the following organs?

small intestine

Which of the following nutrients plays a role in the management of blood pressure and can affect the progression of heart disease?

sodium

Nutrients are classified into macronutrients and micronutrients. All of the following are macronutrients, EXCEPT

sodium, iron.

The purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and MyPlate is to encourage people to do all of the following, except

stop eating carbohydrates.

The most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans

stress the consumption of nutrient-dense foods.

Which of the following claims are NOT evaluated or regulated by the FDA?

structure/function claims

The carbohydrate family includes

sugar, starch, and fiber.

Essential nutrients are those that

the body cannot produce and must be supplied through food

All of the following statements about carbohydrates are true EXCEPT

they provide more calories than protein

Which of the following is a collection of cells that have a similar origin?

tissue

Why is it important for foods to be promptly chilled at the correct, safe temperature?

to reduce the likelihood of bacterial growth

What is the primary form of fat in our bodies?

triglycerides

The USDA has recommended safe internal temperatures for foods. Which type of meat must be heated to the highest temperature?

turkey and chicken

An individual eats chicken regularly but not other sources of protein. What aspect of a healthy diet is the person missing

variety

MyPlate advises that half of the food choices at a meal should consist of

vegetables and fruits (slightly more vegetables than fruits).

What is the name for fingerlike projections that protrude from the absorptive mucosal cells of the small intestine into the lumen of the GI tract?

villi

Which of the following macronutrients does NOT provide energy?

water

The primary factors that determine the energy density of a food item are the

water, fiber, and fat content.

Which of the following food items is considered nutrient dense?

whole-grain bread

_____ is an example of a meal with high energy density, while _____ is an example of a meal with high nutrient density.

Hamburger and French fries; ham sandwich on rye bread, vegetable soup, fruit salad

Which of the following statements about E. coli bacteria is TRUE?

It has been found in undercooked beef, unpasteurized milk and juice, and raw fruits and vegetables.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of MyPlate?

It places a higher value on eating protein than any other food group.

Pregnant women have a significantly higher risk of contracting foodborne illness caused by a specific pathogen. Which is it?

Listeria monocytogenes

Fats and some vitamins must first enter the _____ before they find their way into the blood.

Lymphatic vessels

The newest release of food guides from the USDA is a visual presentation of foods from the five food groups "on a dinner plate" to represent the ideal balance that will provide a spectrum of nutrients. It is called

MyPlate.

Which of the following is NOT considered a nutrient?

Phytochemicals

Minerals are classified into "major" and "trace" minerals. Which of the following lists only contains major minerals?

Potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium

The standard that represents the average nutrient intake estimated to meet the daily requirements of nearly 98% of healthy individuals is called the

Recommended Dietary Allowance.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about epidemiological studies?

Subjects are randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group.

Which one of these programs is the largest program in addressing domestic hunger?

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

Linda takes calcium and vitamin D supplements but is worried about increasing her risk for kidney stones. Which of the following standards will provide Linda with the information necessary to determine the maximum amount of nutrients that would be safe for her to consume without the risk of side effects?

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

T/F Iron-deficiency is considered to be a form of malnutrition

True

Which governmental agency or agencies is(are) responsible for designing food policy guidelines?

United States Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health and Human Services