Nutrition Exam 2

Within a day of beginning a fast, most of the body's stores of which of the following are depleted? a. glycogen b. amino acids c. fatty acids d. glycerol e. protein

A. glycogen Your body can not infinitely store glycogen in the liver and it needs more glucose to replace these stores when depleted. This is why the body wil run out of glycogen relatively fast when starvation/fasting begins.

Alcohol contributes to obesity because it: a. diminishes the body's use of fat for fuel. b. has as many kcalories as fat. c. Increases appetite. d. encourages storage of body protein. e. reduces activity levels.

A. diminishes the body's use of fat for fuel. The body considers alcohol a toxin/waste, therefore when someone drinks, it metabolizes it, and other nutrients such as fat will be pushed aside. Once the fat is stored up in the liver over time, it can lead to liver disease. Cancer Cirrhosis

A coordinated program of treatment that merges the care plans of different health practitioners is a a. critical pathway. b. care map. c. clinical pathway. d. care plan. e. nutrition screening.

critical pathway

Before discontinuing a tube feeding, the patient's oral intake should meet about ____ nutrient needs. of estimated a. 1/4 b. 1/3 c. 1/2 d. 2/3 e. 3/4

d 2/3 Tube feedings should continue until the patient is at least able to obtain ⅔ of the required nutrients from oral intake.

Which activity can a parent perform if he wants to encourage good eating habits that will support continued normal weight as his child grows? a. Give an infant or child food as a reward. b. Allow occasional high-energy sweets. c. Urge the child to finish his bottle at each feeding. d. Avoid associating food deprivation with punishment. e. Feed the child the same foods he likes again and again.

d. Avoid associating food deprivation with punishment. Food should never be given as a reward or punishment. This can lead to an unhealthy relationship with food later in life.

A patient with dysphagia has been placed on a pureed diet. What food would most likely be included as part of this diet? a. cottage cheese b. ground beef c. dumplings with gravy d. applesauce e. cooked fruit

d. applesauce Applesauce meets the requirements for a puree diet and would be easy for the patient to consume.

The field of __-__ investigates processes that cause heritable changes in gene expression that are separate from the underlying DNA nucleotide sequence. a. microarray technology b. nutritional genomics c. DNA methylation d. epigenetics e. RNA transcription

d. epigenetics Epigenetics can be defined as the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.

A physician has recommended that a pregnant mother take a daily multivitamin-mineral supplement to support nutrient intake during pregnancy. This type of supplement typically contains more of which elements designed for prenatal nutrition? a. vitamins A and E b. magnesium, zine, and choline c. sodium and potassium d. folic acid, iron, and calcium e. iron, vitamin C, and phosphorus

d. folic acid, iron, and calcium These are some of the most important nutrients to consume ample amounts of when pregnant. These all ensure adequate growth and development of the body systems.

Fast food contributes to obesity because it generally provides: a. nutrient-dense foods. b. smaller portions. c. plenty of low-kcalorie choices. d. large portions and energy-dense foods. e. kcalorie information on menu boards.

d. large portions and energy-dense foods. Fast food is often energy dense because it has high fat contents which can be harmful to your health.

Intestinal bacteria that can influence energy balance are known as: a. obesogenic. b. obligate aerobes. c. gastrointestinal viruses. d. microbiota. e. lipoprotein activators.

d. microbiota. Remember, the gut microbiota has emerged as an environmental factor that modulates the host's energy balance. It increases the host's ability to harvest energy from the digested food

When protein consumption exceeds body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and: a. stored as fat. b. excreted in the feces. c. stored as amino acids. d. stored as glycogen and fat. e. stored in the gallbladder as bile.

A. stored as fat. Remember that excess protein consumed is usually stored as fat, while the surplus of amino acids is excreted. This can lead to weight gain over time, especially if you consume too many calories while trying to increase your protein intake.

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles when: a. excessive fat is present in the blood. b. vigorous muscular activity has just ended. c. excessive glucose is present in the blood. d. excessive cholesterol is present in the blood. e. starvation conditions are present.

C. excessive glucose is present in the blood. Remember, when there is an excess of glucose in the blood it is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles of the body. When there is very low glucose in the blood, glycogen will be released and broken down to increase the amount of glucose in the blood.

Energy is stored in the body as: a. nitrogen. b. glycerol. c. fatty acids. d. lecithin. e. body fat.

E. body fat. Because fat has about 9 calories per gram it is an excellent source of energy for the body.

The part of a triglyceride that can be made into glucose is: a. the saturated fatty acids. b. the medium-chain fatty acids. c. the unsaturated fatty acids. d. the long-chain fatty acids. e. the glycerol.

E. the glycerol. Glucose Can Be Formed From Glycerol. When triglyceride is degraded, glycerol is produced. Glycerol can be converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate that can be converted to glucose through the gluconeogenic pathwat

The initial goal for overweight children is to reduce weight gain through diet restriction. a. b. True False

False Because the child is still developing it is best to not put them on an energy deficit. Instead the child should include a more variety of health foods in their diet such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits.

Weight-loss advice applies equally to all overweight people. A. True B. False

False Each person is unique and not all weight loss advice applies evenly to everyone.

Overweight people with osteoarthritis should avoid weight-bearing physical activities, such as jogging, as these types of activities place too much pressure on inflamed joints. a. b. True False

False Individuals with osteoarthritis are actually encouraged to exercise. This can help reduce symptoms over time by making the joints and muscles stronger.

Individual food cravings during pregnancy often reflect real physiological needs of the pregnant woman. a. True b. False

False These are often due to hormonal changes and do not reflect real physiological needs.

The body metabolically recognizes the difference between fasting and starving. True False

False,The body is unable to tell apart the difference between fasting and starving. It does not know when the next time you are going to eat is. Therefore, it will react the same to both.

Visceral fat

Forms around internal orgons can only be addressed through diet and exercise

Physiological

Hunger

Which of the following statements is true regarding weight loss? a. Laxatives promote weight loss. b. Hot baths speed up metabolism. c. Grapefruit juice melts body fat. d. Some weight-loss products can be dangerous. e. Wraps performed by a professional will reduce body fat.

Some weight-loss products can be dangerous. ome weight loss products can be dangerous by promoting unhealthy dieting *actices or endorsing a dangerous supplement that can be harmful to your ealth.

During pregnancy, if the development of a fetal organ is limited during a critical period, recovery of the organ is impossible. A. B. True False

True Each organ and body system goes through a development phase during the pregnancy. During each of these phases it is critical to get the necessary nutrients for development. If these requirements are not met, consuming these nutrients outside of the critical period will have no effect.

Genetics influences the way the body consumes, stores, and expends energy. a. True b. False

True Genetics plays a very large role in how weight is distributed throughout the body. This can be a big factor in obese individuals.

A low-birthweight baby has a statistically greater chance of contracting diseases and dying early in life. A. B. True False

True If your baby has a low birthweight, she may be at increased risk for complications. Her tiny body is not as strong, and she may have a harder time eating, gaining weight, and fighting infections. Because she has so little body fa she may have a hard time staying warm in normal temperatures.

The AAP supports exclusive breastfeeding for approximate months but recognizes that infants are often developmenta ready to accept complementary foods between four and sis months of age. а. True b. False

True Infants should be fed breast milk or formula for the first 6 months, but can begi to tolerate food around 4 to 6 months.

The elderly are more likely to have medical conditions or to take medications that may compromise folate status. a. b. True False

True Remember that the elderly often are taking many medications that can interfer with the absorption of certain vitamins and minerals.

Some research indicates that obese people have much more lipoprotein lipase activity in their fat cells than lean people do. A. True B. False

True Remember this enzyme promotes fat storage in fat cells and muscle cells. This means that individuals that have a higher amount of this gain fat easier.

Currently the protein needs of older adults appear to be about the same as those of younger people. a. b. True False

True There is not much difference between the protein requirements for the elderly and younger people. This is because the body is not growing at this point and therefore would not need additional protein.

Voluntary activities normally require less energy in a day than basal metabolism does. True False

True! Remember that basal metabolism contributes the highest amount to energy expenditure throughout the day. 30-60% Physical activitios 10% Thermic effect of food 50-65% Basal metabolism

Ketones can meet some of the nervous system's energy needs True False

True! Remember the body is able to convert fat to ketones if carbohydrate is not available in the body. Although this process is possible, consuming carbohydrate will always be the preferred energy source for the brain

A smoker may weigh less than a non-smoker, but will likely have more visceral fat. True False

True! Visceral fat is excess weight that develops over time around the center of the body. Tobacco influences fat distribution through hormones like cortisol that increase abdominal fat deposition

clear liquid diet

a diet that consists of foods that are liquid at room temperature and leave little residue in the intestine. Ex: Water, Sprite, Ginger Ale, all beverages without any residue, broth, Jello Before surgery

Your client has struggled with obesity for many years. She gets tested for leptin levels and it is discovered that she has a genetic condition called leptin deficiency. What is likely to happen when she begins daily leptin injections? a. She will lose weight. b. She will gain weight. c. Her weight will not change. d. Her ghrelin levels will increase. e. She will develop type II diabetes.

a. She will lose weight. She will most likely lose weight because leptin plays a role in appetite regulation. When there is a higher amount of fat content, leptin will be released to suppress your appetite. A deficiency in this can cause you to always be hungry.

Which type of assessment evaluates a person's risk of malnutrition by ranking key variables from the medical history and physical examination? a. Subjective Global Assessment b. Integrated assessment c. Functional assessment d. Nutrition care plan e. Katz Index

a. Subjective Global Assessment The subjective global assessment (SCA) is a nutrition assessment tod refers to an overall evaluation of a patent's history and physical uses structured clinical parameters to diagnose manutition.

Which statement accurately describes the energy needs of a child? a. Total energy needs increase with age, but energy needs per kilogram of weight decline. b. Energy needs decrease during early childhood and then peak closer to adolescence. c. Total energy needs decrease with age, but energy needs per kilogram of weight increase with age. d. Energy needs increase until puberty, when they dramatically decrease. e. Preschool children expend more energy and so have higher energy needs than school-age children.

a. Total energy needs increase with age, but energy needs per kilogram of weight decline. As a child ages they will need more calories than when they were an infant; however, remember that because of the large amount of growth that occurs during the first year of life, infants require a high amount of calorie relative to their body weight.

For optimal results, the health care professional should monitor the patient's progress and periodically evaluate the effectiveness of the nutrition care plan. a. True b. False

a. True If the implemented nutrition plan is not working or not producing the results that were expected, then it should be altered.

Enteral nutrition is preferred over parenteral nutrition because enteral nutrition is associated with fewer complications. a. True b. False

a. True Parenteral nutrition is often associated with a higher risk of infection and can also lead to other complications such as blood clots. This is why it is prefered to use enteral nutrition.

The four steps of the nutrition care process include nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, and nutrition monitoring and evaluation. a. True b. False

a. True Remember this is the acronym ADIME!

Any drug-nutrient interaction that occurs between conventional foods and drugs can occur between formulas and drugs as well. a. True b. False

a. True This is why it is to report and record any drugs that the patient is taking. This will help make better decisions regarding what kind of feeding the patient will get and will help avoid any possible negative effects.

Delivering 250 to 500 milliliters of formula over 5 to 15 minutes is referred to as: a. a bolus feeding. b. a continuous drip feeding. c. an intermittent feeding. d. a slow drip feeding. e. a closed tube feeding.

a. a bolus feeding. Remember that this feeding involves giving the patient the entire portion of the feeding in a short interval of time. This feeding happens all at once.

Iron status in women generally improves: a. after menopause. b. with daily exercise. c. as muscle mass decreases. d. during perimenopause. e. with enough zinc intake.

a. after menopause. Because women are not menstruating after menopause, their iron needs will go down.

An elderly male is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of malnutrition three months after his wife died. This situation describes which criteria that identify malnutrition risk? a. depression or social isolation b. recent unintentional weight change c. history of chronic illness d. age e. impaired mobility

a. depression or social isolation Elderly adults that go through the loss of a long time partner are at a higher ris for developing malnutrition because they often stop caring for themselves. Thi is associated with the grieving process and higher amounts of depression thes individuals experience.

Diet progression is appropriate for patients: a. following surgery. b. diagnosed with malnutrition. c. in whom a reduction in fecal volume is desired. d. prior to surgery. e. in whom parenteral nutrition is needed.

a. following surgery. A patient is normally placed on a modified diet following surgery. As the patien recovers from surgery, their diet should be reevaluated to what they are able to tolerate. In most cases, the patient will eventually be able to return to a norma solid food diet.

What describes an advantage of using a closed system for delivering enteral feedings? a. less likelihood of contamination b. increased nurse contact with the patient c. reasonable cost and less expense d. increased patient tolerance e. enhanced flavor for the patient

a. less likelihood of contamination

Providing large quantities of candy, cola, and other concentrated sweets during the growing years is most likely to result in: a. obesity. b. hyperactivity. c. nutrient toxicities. d. developmental delays. e. iron deficiency.

a. obesity. Candy and soda are some of the major contributors to empty calories in childhood that can lead to obesity.

Nutrients and oxygen travel to the developing fetus via the: a. placenta. b. amniotic sac. c. lungs. d. intestines. e. fallopian tubes.

a. placenta. The placenta, commonly referred to as the afterbirth, is a disc of tissue that connects a mother's uterus to the umbilical cord, and is ultimately responsible for delivering nutrients and oxygen to a fetus.

Women who enter pregnancy with iron-deficien anemia have a greater risk of: a. preterm delivery. b. excessive weight gain. c. inadequate weight gain. d. gestational diabetes. e. high blood pressure.

a. preterm delivery.

Enteral formulas may be used orally to supplement a patient's diet. When this occurs, becomes an important consideration. a. taste b. kcalorie content c. osmolality d. cost e. glucose content

a. taste Taste is a very important component of feedings that is sometimes overlooked. It is important for something to taste good for patients to want to consume it.

The energy density of most enteral formulas is between: a. 0.5 and 0.9 kcalories per mL b. 1.0 and 2.0 kcalorie per mL. c. 1.5 and 3.0 kcalories per mL. d. 2.0 and 4.0 kcalories per mL. e. 3.0 and 4.5 kcalories per mL.

b. 1.0 and 2.0 kcalorie per mL.

An obese women should gain ____ _ pounds during pregnancy. a. 5-7 b. 11-20 c. 17-24 d. 25-35 е. 35-50

b. 11-20 Remember, if the mother is overweight it is important to control weight gain to minimize the risk of complications. Even though the mother is obese it is NEVER recommended to lose weight during pregnancy!!

There are no known interactions between herbal supplements and medications. a. True b. False

b. False Many herbal supplements can have severe interactions with certain drugs. This is why it is important to check with your doctor before taking any supplements if you are on a medication that could possibly interact with it.

The psychological desire to eat is referred to as: a. satiety. b. appetite. c. hunger. d. obesity. e. set-point.

b. appetite. Appetite is the desire to eat food.

The most appropriate diet for a patient whose jaw was broken in a motor vehicle accident is a: a. fat-restricted diet. b. blenderized liquid diet. c. clear liquid diet. d. low-fiber diet. e. low-sodium diet.

b. blenderized liquid diet. This is because the patient is unable to properly chew the food. Thi blenderized diet would be the best option. A clear liquid diet is often used before tests or procedures that reg stomach or clear intestines. This does not offer hardly any nutritio which is why this option is not correct.

Fat intakes should be moderate in the diets of most older adults because: a. cutting fat helps alleviate constipation. b. cutting fat helps to slow the development of atherosclerosis. c. cutting fat helps reduce the risk of osteoporosis. d. cutting fat helps increase lean body mass. e. cutting fat helps to improve physical activity.

b. cutting fat helps to slow the development of atherosclerosis. Excessive fat consumption can lead to the development of plaques in the arteries, which consequently leads to the hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis. This is a common medical issue many older adults suffer from.

Enteral nutrition provides nutrients by using the: a. lymphatic system. b. digestive tract. c. central veins. d. peripheral veins. e. urinary system.

b. digestive tract. A form of nutrition that is delivered into the digestive system as a liquid. Drinking nutrition beverages or formulas and tube feeding are forms of enteral nutrition.

An adequate calcium intake throughout life helps protect against: a. liver cancer. b. osteoporosis. c. diabetes. d. cardiovascular disease. e. dementia.

b. osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is the loss of bone density. The increased consumption of calcium (especially in adolescents) can help slow this process.

The best choice for older adults with small energy allowances is to: a. take vitamin-mineral supplements. b. select nutrient-dense foods. c. consume less food. d. control alcohol consumption. e. increase fluid intake.

b. select nutrient-dense foods. Because elderly individuals have a lower energy allowance, they need to eat nutrient dense foods to ensure they are receiving all the nutrients their body requires.

What foods are most appropriate to introduce to an infant between 6 and 8 months of age, based on the feeding skills of this age? a. breads and cereals from the table b. textured vegetables and fruits c. yogurt d. finely cut meat or fish e. casserole and eggs

b. textured vegetables and fruits These will provide them with the proper nutrients for development. It is best to keep foods simple in the first few months of life.

The most potent single predictor of an infant's future health status is: a. the rate of the mother's recovery. b. the infant's birthweight. c. the age at which the infant first learns to walk. d. the ease and speed of delivery. e. the infant's temperature at birth.

b. the infant's birthweight. A low birth weight can have numerous lifelong effects. This is why it is important to ensure the mother is gaining sufficient weight and eating enough for the both of them.

The major drawback of most fad diets is: a. they promote false information about weight loss. b. they do not create lifestyle changes to support long-term weight control. c. they create false hopes among those who try them. d. they usually require the purchase of dietary supplements. e. they often suggest kcalorie intakes that are unsustainably low.

b. they do not create lifestyle changes to support long-term weight control. Fad diets often produce fast weight loss results because they do not encourage healthy diets for weight loss. An example of this would be, "drink only tomato juice for a week to lose 10 pounds!" Although this diet would most likely cause someone to lose weight, these results would not be long lasting.

Mr. Avery is a 77-year-old retired engineer. He is 5'10" tall and weighs 171 pounds. He suffered a stroke, which left him with left-sided paralysis, and he is having difficulty swallowing so he is unable to meet his nutritional needs via oral intake at this time. Which form of nutrition support is appropriate for Mr. Avery at this time? a. continuous parenteral nutrition b. tube feedings c. oral enteral supplements d. peripheral parenteral nutrition e. cyclic parenteral nutrition

b. tube feedings This is the most appropriate option because of his inability to properly swallow as well as his paralysis.

As a strategy to help prevent childhood obesity, the America Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be limited of television and video time per day. a. 30 minutes b. 1 hour c. 2 hours d. 3 hours e. 4 hours

c. 2 hours More time spent watching TV is directly correlated to increased rates of obesity in children. This is because these children are often not getting any exercise.

Which of the following is a hormone produced by the stomach cells that promotes positive energy balance by stimulating appetite and promoting efficient energy storage?a. Insulin b. Leptin c. Ghrelin d. Yohimbe

c. Ghrelin Ghrelin is secreted by the stomach when it is empty to stimulate appetite.

What best describes why cow's milk is not recommended for infants under one year of age? a. It is too high in iron. b. It reduces the bioavailability of vitamin D. c. It can cause intestinal bleeding. d. It is too low in calcium. e. It has a flavor that is not well tolerated among infants.

c. It can cause intestinal bleeding. Infants can not digest cows milk because it has a different composition than breast milk. This can lead to damages in the Gl tract.

The surgical approach to weight loss can often be justified in cases of a. BMI 25-30. b. uncontrolled diabetes. c. clinically severe obesity. d. peptic ulcer disease. e. uncontrolled hypertension.

c. clinically severe obesity. Surgery is only recommended in severe cases where multiple other weight loss methods have already been tried.

What best describes a task of the registered dietitian a. making referrals for dietary counseling b. administering total parenteral nutrition c. conducting nutrition assessments d. administering formula through feeding tubes e. prescribing diet orders

c. conducting nutrition assessments A registered dietician is the only health professional qualified to make nutrition assessments.

A patient with disease of the liver or gallbladder may benefit from a a. low-sodium diet. b. high-kcalorie, high-protein diet. c. fat-restricted diet. d. blenderized liquid diet. e. low-fiber diet.

c. fat-restricted diet. Remember that these patients will have likely have impaired bile secretions. Because bile is responsible for emulsifying fats, these individuals would benefit from a reduced fat diet.

Compared to their well-fed peers, children who do not eat breakfast may: a. gain excess weight. b. struggle with depression. c. have shorter attention spans. d. have poor peer relationships. e. suffer from developmental delays.

c. have shorter attention spans. This is because there is nothing to supply the brain with energy!

Which nursing diagnosis has nutritional implications? a. hyperthermia b. self-esteem disturbance c. impaired dentition d. sleep pattern disturbance e. disruption of gas exchange

c. impaired dentition Impaired dentition is the impaired ability to properly chew food, most commonly because the patient is missing some of their teeth. Having fewer teeth is related to poor diet, lower health related quality of life and is associated with many chronic diseases, such as diabetes, stroke, cancer and arthritis

Susie has been overweight for many years. She tends to eat when she is not really hungry and eats more food when she is angry or depressed. Which of the following could explain Susie's problem of overweight? a. lipoprotein lipase b. set-point theory c. learned behavior d. genetics e. food desert

c. learned behavior Because she has done this for so long it is thought of as normal and that is why she continues to do it. This is an example of how a learned behavior can contribute to weight gain.

The most important nutrition concern for the person with Alzheimer's disease is: a. being allowed to choose his own foods. b. following a strict eating schedule. c. maintaining an appropriate body weight. d. keeping a regimen of dietary supplements. e. knowing when the next meal will be.

c. maintaining an appropriate body weigh These people will forget to eat which can cause them to lose a lot of weigh

What tube placement site would be the most appropriate for a client who is expected to be on a tube feeding for less than 4 weeks? a. gastrostomy b. jejunostomy c. nasogastric d. enterostomy e. duodenostomy

c. nasogastric These tubes are easy to insert and maintain. This is part of the reason that they are good for short use.

Phlebitis may develop as a result of: a. tube feeding intolerance. b. refeeding syndrome. c. peripheral parenteral nutrition. d. the use of hypertonic formulas. e. elevated blood glucose levels.

c. peripheral parenteral nutrition. This involves feedings administered directly into the patient's vein. This can cause inflammation of the vein, also known as phlebitis.

Types of formulas that contain intact proteins are called: a. disease-specific formulas. b. hydrolyzed formulas. c. standard formulas. d. modular formulas. e. monomeric formulas.

c. standard formulas. A standard tube-feeding formula is a formula that is designed for adults or children who have normal digestion. Standard formulas Include all of the nutrients required to maintain health. These formulas are not specialized.

One of the characteristics of modified diets is: a. they are not included in a diet manual. b. they are always the same regardless of patient preferences. c. they are altered in consistency or nutrient content. d. they include all foods. e. they typically have fewer calories than regular diets.

c. they are altered in consistency or nutrient content. Modified diets are often altered to make it easier for the patient to consume the food or include certain nutrients that they are deficit in.

Assuming the GI tract is functioning normally, what the most appropriate method for feeding patients wh are unable to meet their nutritional needs orally? a. intravenous feeding b. high-calorie, high-protein diet c. commercial supplement d. tube feeding e. clear liquid diet

d. tube feeding Because this patient's GI tract in functioning normally and they most likely have a problem with their mouth or swallowing, tube feeding would be the most appropriate option for feedings.

Among the following, foods that help most to meet children's iron requirements are: a. milk, cheese, or yogurt. b. oranges, apples, or bananas. c. prunes, grapes, or raisins. d. whole-wheat, enriched, or fortified breads. e. dark green, deep orange, or yellow vegetables.

d. whole-wheat, enriched, or fortified breads. These are all great sources of Iron. This Is Important to remember|

What action would most likely prevent refeeding syndrome in a malnourished patient? a. Avoid adding dextrose to the TPN infusion. b. Do not allow the patient to eat. c. Provide extra vitamin supplements. d. Include stomach acid-reducing medications in the TPN solution. e. Start the patient's feedings at a slow rate.

e. Start the patient's feedings at a slow rate. Refeeding syndrome can be defined as the potentially fatal shifts in fluids and electrolytes that may occur in malnourished patients receiving artificial refeeding. Slowly beginning to administer nutrition can help prevent this from occurring.

Breast milk provides all of the nutrition an infant needs for the first six months of life, with the possible exception of which nutrient? a. Vitamin A b. Niacin c. Vitamin E d. Calcium e. Vitamin D

e. Vitamin D

Quite simply, the key to weight loss is: a. combining foods correctly at meals. b. not eating desserts. c. eating less carbohydrate. d. eating only grapefruit for breakfast. e. consuming fewer calories.

e. consuming fewer kcalories. You must consume fewer calories that you are expending to lose weight. You can work out for 4 hours a day and still not lose weight if you are eating more calories than you are expending.

Lifestyle habits that can have a profound influence on health and on physiological age include: a. following a meat-based eating pattern. b. engaging in physical activity weekly. c. avoiding all forms of alcohol. d. getting at least six hours of sleep each night. e. having a sense of purpose.

e. having a sense of purpose. Having a sense of purpose can dramatically change an older persons health they feel they have a sense of purpose they will want to continue living whic often leads to them taking better care of themselves.

The theory that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by means of its own internal controls is referred to as: a, environmental stimuli. b. genetics. c. learned behavior. d. obesogenic theory. e. set-point theory.

e. set-point theory. The theory that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by means of its own internal controls

Diets for dysphagia are highly individualized because: a. there is more than one definition of dysphagia. b. dysphagia can occur due to a number of different causes. c. patients differ in their nutritional needs. d. they require counseling by a dietitian prior to implementation. e. swallowing difficulties vary in severity.

e. swallowing difficulties vary in severity. Swallowing problems can differ in severity and can be the result of many different conditions. These should be considered when choosing the mechanically altered diet to ensure the patient is able to properly consume the food. This is why it is important to consider these factors.

Mrs. Carter is a hospitalized patient who is recovering from a pelvic surgery she underwent three days ago. She is a widow and has had no visitors during her stay. Although the patient has progressed to a regular diet, the staff have noticed that Mrs. Carter picks at her food and barely eats anything on her meal trays. The most likely reason for this behavior is: a. the patient still does not tolerate regular foods. b. the pain medication prescribed is affecting the patient's digestion. c. the patient does not like the taste of the food. d. the patient is not hungry during scheduled meal times. e. the patient has no companionship and feels lonely.

e. the patient has no companionship and feels lonely. Feelings of depression and loneliness may cause a patient to refuse to eat. In these cases it is helpful to recommend counseling or support care.

You are researching a new diet plan that everyone is talking about. Which of the following statements would cause you the least concern regarding this new diet? "Read testimonials from people who lost 50 pounds in 6 weeks!" b. "Based on complex carbohydrates and lean protein." "Only $99 per month to find out more about this great weight loss plan!" d. "Dairy-free, soy-free, gluten-free diet." "Detoxifies your digestive tract and resets your metabolism.

protein." B. "Based on complex carbohydrates and lean This would not raise alarms as a diet based on complex carbs and lean protein would be a good basis for a diet. This would help promote weight loss for many people and does not make any baseless claims.