Nutrition Exam 4

Which of the following individuals is least likely to benefit from a diet containing less than 1500 mg sodium per day? -A 65-year-old Hispanic male in good health -A 35-year-old African American female -A 40-year-old white male with diabetes and chronic kidney disease -A healthy Asian female college student

A healthy Asian female college student

Water intoxication is associated with ________. -headache and blurred vision -muscle cramps and convulsions -hyponatremia -All of these answers are correct

All of these answers are correct

Factors that can contribute to an increased risk of high blood pressure include ________. advanced age -African-American race -BMI over 30 -type 2 diabetes -All of these choices are accurate

All of these choices are accurate

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of iron deficiency anemia? -Development of very large red blood cells. -Impaired hemoglobin synthesis. -Impaired oxygen transport. -Impaired growth and cognitive development in children.

Development of very large red blood cells.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the DASH diet? -It is rich in the minerals magnesium, potassium, and calcium -It is high in fiber -It contains 8-10 servings of fruits and vegetables per day -It is low in protein

It is low in protein

Newborns usually receive an injection of vitamin _________ to protect them against deficiency until the gastrointestinal tract has matured. -A -D -B -K

K

The nutrient essential for the synthesis of blood clotting factors is vitamin ________. -A -D -E -K

K

There is no set water intake recommendation that fits all populations. One of the best ways to determine whether you are well hydrated is to: -Look at the color of your urine: it should be clear or light yellow if you are well hydrated. -Start drinking 2 ½ - 3 cups of water once you begin to feel thirsty. -Look at your skin and if it is smooth and cool to the touch, you are well hydrated. -Examine for the presence of a headache; the absence of a headache means you are well hydrated.

Look at the color of your urine: it should be clear or light yellow if you are well hydrated.

Lino has lactose intolerance. He has been researching non-dairy sources of calcium and learns that dark green leafy greens do contain calcium, but in some types of greens, the calcium is not absorbed because of the presence of oxalic acid. Of the following types of greens, which one will have the least amount of bioavailable calcium? -Turnip greens -Kale -Collard greens -Spinach

Spinach

Inadequate fluid intake before, during, and after exercise can quickly lead to dehydration. Which of the following signs and symptoms are seen in dehydrated individuals? -water intoxication -decline in performance and endurance -dilute, pale colored urine -weight gain

decline in performance and endurance

the fact that the amino acid tryptophan can be converted to niacin by the body explains why ________. -diets high in protein could prevent or cure pellagra -corn-based diets prevent pellagra -gelatin cures pellagra -alcoholics sometimes develop Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

diets high in protein could prevent or cure pellagra

A defect in the formation of the neural tube during early fetal development can occur from a lack of ________. -biotin -folate -vitamin B-6 -choline

folate

The most nutrient-dense food sources of vitamin K are ________. -green leafy vegetables -whole grain breads and cereals -nuts and seeds -oysters and shellfish

green leafy vegetables

Cretinism may form as a consequence of a severe deficiency of ________. -chromium -selenium -copper -iodine

iodine

An organ where many micronutrients are stored for later use in the body is the -liver. -heart. -brain. -lungs

liver

Which population group is considered at low risk for iron-deficiency anemia? -pregnant women -Infants and preschool children -vegans -middle-aged businessmen

middle-aged businessmen

The most nutrient-dense food source of calcium with high bioavailability is ________. -leafy green vegetables -soybeans -milk and dairy products -cereal grains -meats

milk and dairy products

To protect riboflavin from destruction by sunlight, milk and milk products are packaged in ________. -clear glass bottles -paper and opaque plastic cartons -clear plastic bottles and cartons -any kind of container

paper and opaque plastic cartons

Intrinsic factor is produced by the ________. -beta-cells of the pancreas -salivary glands -parietal cells of the stomach -enterocytes of the small intestine

parietal cells of the stomach

Trey had lunch with his friends. He had 1 cup of fat-free milk, a peanut butter and jelly sandwich on whole-wheat bread, 1/2 cup carrots, and 15 grapes. What part of his meal provided the most vitamin E? -fat-free milk -peanut butter -whole-wheat bread -carrots

peanut butter

Which of the following is a symptom of zinc deficiency? -megaloblastic anemia -increased taste sensitivity -poor wound healing -cretinism

poor wound healing

Oxalic acid binds minerals so they cannot be absorbed. Oxalic acid is found in ________. -some leafy, green vegetables, such as spinach -milk and dairy products -wheat grain fibers -liver and other organ meats

some leafy, green vegetables, such as spinach

It is very difficult to consume excess folic acid from nonprescription vitamin supplements because ________. -folic acid is never included in over-the-counter nutrient supplements -the FDA limits the amount of folic acid in supplements to 400 micrograms per capsule -folic acid in pill form imparts an unpleasant taste so that no one would ever attempt to take extra amounts -absorption of the vitamin is age-related. As we get older we automatically adjust the amount we absorb to more than the maximum level

the FDA limits the amount of folic acid in supplements to 400 micrograms per capsule

The nutrients added to enriched grains typically include ________. -all of the B vitamins -vitamin C, pantothenic acid, folic acid, and zinc -thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, and iron -vitamin B-6, folic acid, vitamin B-12, and iron

thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, and iron

Nutrients most likely to cause toxicity if consumed in excessive amounts include ________. -vitamin B-12 and vitamin K -vitamin D and riboflavin -vitamin A and vitamin D -vitamin A and vitamin E

vitamin A and vitamin D

A strict vegan diet may lack ________. -vitamin B-12 -vitamin C -vitamin A -niacin

vitamin B-12

Irreversible nerve damage may be caused by excessive intake of _______ supplements. -vitamin B-12 -vitamin B-6 -tryptophan -vitamin C

vitamin B-6

Phytic acid binds minerals so that they cannot be absorbed. Phytic acid is found in ________. -leafy, green vegetables, such as spinach -milk and dairy products -wheat grain fibers -liver and other organ meats

wheat grain fibers

Lino is a linebacker on his college football team. He is concerned about achieving adequate hydration during intense, hot summer football practices. Lino weighs himself before and after practice and notices that he loses five pounds by the time practice is over. How many cups of water should he be drinking to replace these fluid losses? -5 cups of water -12.5 - 15 cups of water -5-8 cups of water -2.5-5 cups of water -The current goal for athletes is to consume 2.5 to 3 cups of fluid for every pound lost. Five pounds times 2.5 - 3 = 12.5-15 cups of water to replace these fluid losses.

12.5 - 15 cups of water

A cooking class instructor states that certain preparation and cooking methods can help preserve water-soluble vitamin content of vegetables. Which method is the most likely to maximize water-soluble vitamin preservation? -Cooking vegetables in an alkaline substance like baking soda -Cutting vegetables and exposing them to air and light for a long period of time before serving -Cooking vegetables in minimal water for a brief period -Boiling vegetables in water for a long period of time -The water-soluble vitamins - particularly thiamin, vitamin C, and folate - can be destroyed with improper storage and excessive cooking. Heat, light, exposure to the air, cooking in water, and alkalinity are all factors that can decrease vitamin content.

Cooking vegetables in minimal water for a brief period

Gabe was experiencing fatigue, despite sleeping eight hours per night. He went to the doctor and was diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. The doctor recommended he eat iron-fortified breakfast cereals. Which food would be the best accompaniment for his iron-fortified breakfast cereal and why? -Having an egg with the iron-fortified breakfast cereal because biotin in the egg protein increases iron absorption -Having a cup of orange juice or an orange with the iron-fortified breakfast cereal because vitamin C in the orange increases iron absorption -Having a cup of milk on his iron-fortified breakfast cereal because vitamin D in the milk increases iron absorption -Having a banana on his iron-fortified breakfast cereal because potassium in the banana increases iron absorption -Vitamin C enhances iron absorption by keeping iron in its most absorbable form, especially as the mineral travels through the small intestine's alkaline environment. Increasing intake of vitamin C-rich foods is beneficial for those with poor iron stores.

Having a cup of orange juice or an orange with the iron-fortified breakfast cereal because vitamin C in the orange increases iron absorption

Gabe is interested in ways to maximize the vitamin content in his fresh fruits and vegetables. All of the following are good practices to ensure maximum vitamin content preservation EXCEPT: -Cut vegetables just before cooking/serving. -Cook vegetables in a small amount of water to minimize leaching. -Before cooking, cut vegetables into large chunks to minimize surface area where vitamins can leach out. -Store fresh produce out of plastic bags and on the counter exposed to light.

Store fresh produce out of plastic bags and on the counter exposed to light.

Lino recently saw a "high-potency" mineral supplement being advertised on a late-night infomercial. He compared the amount of minerals in the supplement with the Daily Values for the minerals and determined that the supplement contained megadoses of minerals. Why can taking megadoses of individual mineral supplements be potentially harmful? -Taking megadoses of individual mineral supplements can greatly diminish the absorption and metabolism of other minerals. -Taking megadoses of individual mineral supplements can increase blood pressure, increasing risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke. -Taking megadoses of individual mineral supplements supplies unneeded extra calories in the body that can contribute to weight gain and associated chronic disease risks. -There is nothing harmful about taking megadoses of individual mineral supplements: minerals are water soluble so they are excreted from the body in urine if consumed in excess. -Taking megadoses of an individual mineral supplement can greatly diminish the absorption and metabolism of other minerals

Taking megadoses of individual mineral supplements can greatly diminish the absorption and metabolism of other minerals.

Which of the following individuals is NOT at increased risk for iron deficiency anemia? -Premature infants -Women in the child-bearing years -Young men -Frequent blood donors

Young men

Pantothenic acid is a part of _________, an important biochemical compound. -pyruvate -citric acid -acetyl-CoA -homocysteine

acetyl-CoA

Consumption of ______ inhibits the action of antidiuretic hormone causing increased urinary output. -one or two cups of coffee -alcoholic beverages -high-sodium foods -high-sugar beverages

alcoholic beverages

Nutrient content is best preserved by storing many fruits and vegetables ________. -at room temperature -at refrigeration temperature -in the sunlight -in a brown paper bag

at refrigeration temperature

The protein in raw egg whites that can bind biotin is called ________. -avidin -salmonella -casein -keratin

avidin

Shelby had lunch with friends. She had 3 oz. baked salmon, 1/2 c. brown rice, 1/2 c. of green beans, 1 c. fat-free milk, and 1 small orange. What part of her meal provided the most vitamin D? -baked salmon -brown rice -green beans -fat-free milk

baked salmon

A deficiency of thiamin that affects the cardiovascular, muscular, nervous, and gastrointestinal systems is called ________. -megaloblastic anemia -pellagra -scurvy -beriberi

beriberi