Nutrition Final
_____ limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time. Liposuction Bariatric surgery Stomachectomy Colonoscopy
Bariatric surgery
Which of the following practices is the most reliable way of sanitizing impure water? Freezing and thawing the water Boiling the water Adding salt to the water Shaking the water vigorously for 1 minute
Boiling the water
Geoff wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ____ may decrease his risk of this chronic disease. beer charcoal-grilled meat broccoli processed meats
Broccoli
An amino acid does not contain a(an) ________. fatty acid acid group nitrogen-containing group carbon skeleton
Fatty Acid
Which of the following features is a characteristic of a physically fit person? Flexibility Self-esteem High maximum heart rate Interest in sports
Flexibility
Bernice is a vegan. Which of the following foods does she eat to supply her diet with protein? Eggs Cheese Legumes Butter
Legumes
How can you tell if a food has been irradiated to preserve it? Observe any unusual color changes in the food Smell the food and note any "off" flavors Test the food for nutrient losses Look for the Radura symbol on the package
Look for the Radura symbol on the package
A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from ________. hyperglycemia celiac disease measles diabetes
Measles
The typical American eats more protein from _____ than he or she did in the early 1900s. fruits meat grains vegetables
Meat
You have a high risk of developing traveler's diarrhea when you visit ________. Mexico City, Mexico Los Angeles, California Montreal, Canada Tokyo, Japan
Mexico City, Mexico
_____ are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of cells because most of the energy stored in macronutrients is released in them. Ribosomes Plasma membranes Mitochondria Lysosomes
Mitochondria
What is physical activity? Movement that results from contracting skeletal muscles. Movement that results from any muscular contraction. Muscular activity that is planned and conducted for improving health. Muscular activity of vital organs, especially the heart and lungs.
Movement that results from contracting skeletal muscles.
Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella? Canned applesauce Honey Cooked pork Raw chicken
Raw chicken
Mariyah loves leafy green salads, so which of the following items should she add to the salads to increase their calcium content? Raw, shredded bok choy Cooked chicken strips Shredded red cabbage Raw apple slices
Raw, shredded bok choy
Which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids? Cashew nuts Red cabbage Fat-free milk Sunflower seeds
Red cabbage
The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of ________. saturated fat cholesterol vitamin B-12 Vitamin C
Vitamin C
Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults? Niacin Thiamin Vitamin E Pantothenic acid
Vitamin E
Which of the following physical activities metabolizes the most fat? Walking for an hour Running for two hours Hard cycling for 1 hour Performing 200-meter hurdles during competition
Walking for an hour
Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary ________. water excretion water conservation sodium elimination iron metabolism
water conservation
Excess fluid consumption can result in a condition called _________. chronic hypotension idiopathic rehydration water intoxication terminal osmosis
water intoxication
According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young adults is approximately _____ cups/day. 4 to 6.5 11 to 15.5 18 to 20.5 22 to 25.5
11 to 15.5
According to the Nutrition Facts panel on a can of beans, one serving of the legumes supplies 6 g of protein. The DV for protein is 50 g. Estimate the %DV for protein in a serving of the beans. 12% 300% 8.3% Cannot be determined by using the information provided in the question
12%
The USDA recommends that a beef steak be cooked until its internal temperature is at least ________. 145ºF 155ºF 165ºF 175ºF
145ºF
The USDA recommends that fresh pork be cooked until its internal temperature is at least ________. 130ºF 140ºF 145ºF 155ºF
145ºF
Zoe is due to give birth to a girl in November. Before she became pregnant, Zoe weighed 168 pounds, which was in the overweight range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy. no more than 5 10 to 15 15 to 25 20 to 35
15 to 25
The USDA recommends that fresh ground meat be cooked until its internal temperature is at least ________. 130ºF 150ºF 180ºF 160ºF
160ºF
According to the USDA, a whole cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches a minimum of ________. 115ºF 125ºF 145ºF 165ºF
165ºF
Angie is due to give birth to a boy in June. Before she became pregnant, Angie weighed 215 pounds, which was in the obese BMI range. According to her physician, she should gain no more than ______ pounds during her pregnancy. 5 10 15 20
20
Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom, wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ____ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly. 20 40 60 90
20
A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal. 1500 2500 3500 4500
3500
Which of the following foods is often recommended as the first solid food for infants? Baby cereal Green beans Fresh apricots Oatmeal cookies
Baby cereal
Alex is a competitive endurance athlete who weighs 90 kg. He would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain his weight and glycogen stores during training. According to expert recommendations, he should consume _____ grams of carbohydrate daily while in training. 420 to 700 480 to 800 540 to 900 580 to 1000
540 to 900
A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells. B-6 A B-12 K
A
_____ is the primary source of direct energy ("energy currency") for cells. Glucose Fat Glycogen ATP
ATP
Which of the following substances is in breast milk but not in infant formulas? Antibodies Lipids Lactose Iron
Antibodies
An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals. enzyme oncogene antioxidant ion
Antioxidant
Which of the following activities is an aspect of basal metabolism? Building bone tissue Digesting starches and sugars Maintaining an upright posture Watching TV
Building bone tissue
Including exercise in your daily routine can reduce your risk of ________. osteoarthritis certain cancers inflammatory bowel disease rickets
Certain Cancers
Which of the following characteristics is a risk factor for hypertension? Underweight Cigarette smoking Asian ancestry High-potassium diet
Cigarette smoking
Trevor enjoys cooking chicken, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices do not result in cross contamination. What should he avoid doing? Washing his hands in warm soapy water for at least 20 seconds before and after touching the raw chicken. Sanitizing the knife that he used to cut up the raw chicken with a mixture of bleach and water before using it again. Grilling the chicken on a hot grill until the internal temperature of the flesh reached 165°F. Cleaning the plate used to carry the chicken to the grill with a paper towel before using it for serving raw vegetables.
Cleaning the plate used to carry the chicken to the grill with a paper towel before using it for serving raw vegetables.
The toxin produced by _____ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing and even death. Giardia Salmonella species Clostridium botulinum Trichinella
Clostridium botulinum
Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain ________. high-fructose corn syrup Clostridium botulinum spores aflatoxins aspartame
Clostridium botulinum spores
_____ are vermin that often transmit pathogens to food. Birds Cockroaches Snakes Spiders
Cockroaches
A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid ________. lying down after meals eating foods that contain phenylalanine consuming foods that contain gluten taking dietary supplements that contain homocysteine
Consuming foods that contain glueten
Which of the following safety steps should you take if your home experiences a loss of electricity that lasts for several days? Eat raw or cooked foods that have been stored in the refrigerator Cook foods and boil water on a charcoal grill that is outdoors Use water from a swimming pool or your car's radiator to wash your hands and dishes Serve foods from dented or bulging cans first
Cook foods and boil water on a charcoal grill that is outdoors
Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight? Leaf lettuce Whole-wheat bread Corn oil Apple with skin
Corn Oil
Which of the following substances is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system? Alanine DHA Trans fat E
DHA
Dehydration can cause ________. death diabetes hypoglycemia cirrhosis
Death
Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________. dehydration coronary artery disease arthritis stroke
Dehydration
The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include _________. heartburn weak bones dermatitis night blindness
Dermatitis
After a tornado outbreak, Marie's house was damaged and her neighborhood experienced a power outage that lasted three days. Which of the following steps should she take to avoid food-borne illness during the loss of electricity? Do not eat raw or cooked foods that have been at room temperature for more than 2 hours Use a charcoal grill to cook foods to their proper internal temperatures in her kitchen Use water from a swimming pool or her car's radiator to wash her hands and dishes Serve foods from dented or bulging cans first
Do not eat raw or cooked foods that have been at room temperature for more than 2 hours
Which of the following physical activities is not aerobic? Running Cross country skiing Cycling Driving a car
Driving a car
Which of the following vitamins have antioxidant activity? B-6 D K E
E
Which of the following conditions is a major cause of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States? Pica Physiological anemia Eclampsia Morning sickness
Eclampsia
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12? Whole-wheat bread Apples Eggs Peanuts
Eggs
Alex is concerned about the safety of the bottled water he prefers to drink. Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his bottled water? EPA USDA FDA BPA
FDA
Which of the following U.S. government agencies enforces federal food safety laws? Agricultural Research Service Environmental Prevention Agency Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Food and Drug Administration
Food and Drug Administration
Which of the following foods is the least expensive per ounce? Sliced peaches (drained of syrup) at $2.59 per 16-ounce can Sliced peaches (drained of syrup) at $2.19 per 10-ounce can Frozen sliced peaches at $2.56 per 12-ounce bag Frozen sliced peaches at $2.69 per 18-ounce bag
Frozen sliced peaches at $2.69 per 18-ounce bag
Which of the following diets does not provide enough high-quality proteins to support a child's growth? Lactoovovegetarian Ovovegetarian Fruitarian Semivegetarian
Fruitarian
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K? Green leafy vegetables Butter Processed poultry products Citrus fruit
Green leafy vegetables
Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E? Safflower oil Sunflower seeds Ground beef Whole grains
Ground beef
Which of the following physical activities metabolizes the most carbohydrate? Jogging for 30 minutes Hard cycling for 1 hour Walking for 1 hour Lifting weight for 30 minutes
Hard cycling for 1 hour
Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate? Producing milk to breastfeed a baby Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone Consuming essential fatty acids Having a fever
Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone
Which of the following statements about human milk is false? Consuming human milk may reduce a baby's risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood. Human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells. The composition of human milk changes over time to meet the nutritional needs of a growing infant. Human milk is a rich source of vitamin D.
Human milk is a rich source of vitamin D.
Consuming a high-sodium diet can increase the risk of ________. hypertension cystic fibrosis liver cancer osteomalacia
Hypertension
Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins. In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins. The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins. In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins.
In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.
In the United States, _____ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency. selenium iron calcium magnesium
Iron
The liver can convert _____ into glucose that can be released into the bloodstream or stored as glycogen. fatty acids ATP lactate vitamin D
Lactate
While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these involuntary movements is classified as ________. basal metabolism resting metabolism NEAT TEF
NEAT
Megadoses of ____ may be used to reduce elevated LDL cholesterol levels. niacin thiamin vitamin K biotin
Niacin
____ infection is the most common food-borne illness in the United States. Norovirus Hepatitis A Influenza Rotavius
Norovirus
High intakes of vitamin A during pregnancy can cause birth defects. This is an example of ________. nutrigenomics nutrigenetics nutrifanatics nutripronomics
Nutrigenomics
Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of _________. pellagra beriberi scurvy osteomalacia
Osteomalacia
Which of the following hormones acts to increase calcium absorption and decrease urinary calcium excretion? Parathyroid hormone Glucagon Antidiuretic hormone Insulin
Parathyroid Hormone
Which of the following foods would be a nutritious low-fat, high-carbohydrate food for an athlete? Sausage pizza Fried chicken breast Pasta with fresh vegetables Cheese sticks
Pasta with fresh vegetables
Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? Slice of American cheese Vegetable salad with greens and baby carrots Apple and watermelon chunks Peanut butter on crackers
Peanut Butter on crackers
Which of the following foods are legumes? Peanuts Potatoes Onions Mushrooms
Peanuts
Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons? Broccoli Grapes Blueberries Peanuts
Peanuts
Which of the following amino acids is a dietary essential? Alanine Phenylalanine Aspartic acid Homocysteine
Phenylalanine
You are planning a party for a group of friends. Which of the following foods can you serve to everyone at the party, without having to worry about your friend who has celiac disease? Pizza made with whole-grain flour Cheddar cheese on wheat crackers Pieces of fresh fruit Corn beef on rye bread
Pieces of fresh fruit
Which of the following foods is the richest source of bioavailable calcium per one cup serving? Spinach Plain yogurt Cottage cheese Tomato juice
Plain Yogurt
Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance? Potassium Iron Fluoride Copper
Potassium
n general, fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of ________. zinc calcium potassium iron
Potassium
A 25-year-old woman is producing breast milk. She is in which life stage? Pregnancy Adolescence Lactation Older adult years
Pregnancy
A scientist isolates a water-soluble compound from spider venom. The substance has nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in its chemical structure. Based on this information, the compound is probably a ________. protein triglyceride polysaccharide mineral salt
Proetin
You would like to make chicken soup for a friend who has celiac disease. To make the soup according to the recipe, you need to cook chicken, celery, onions, barley, salt, pepper, bay leaf, and carrots in a large amount of water. Based on this information, how can you make the soup safe for your friend to eat? Avoid adding the bay leaf Omit the salt and include a beef bouillon cube Replace the barley with rice Add some wine to denature the chicken protein
Replace the barley with rice
Issac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry. He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors. He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, peanut butter, chicken, pork, apples, bananas, and green vegetables. Based on this information, Issac has a high risk of _________. pellagra beriberi scurvy rickets
Rickets
Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein? Whole-wheat crackers spread with soy nut butter Pita bread dipped in mashed chickpeas Kidney beans mixed with rice Salad made with apples, pears, and grapes
Salad made with apples, pears, and grapes
Blake is a college student whose diet consists primarily of refined white bread, chicken, meat, cheese, yogurt, and milk. Furthermore, he doesn't take dietary supplements. Based on this information, Blake has a high risk of developing _________. beriberi scurvy pellagra neural tube defects
Scurvy
Pickled foods, canned soups, soy sauce, and deli (luncheon) meats contain high amounts of ________. magnesium potassium selenium sodium
Sodium
Michelle's weekly exercise program includes stair stepping, static stretching, cycling, and push-ups. Which of these activities is generally classified as a flexibility exercise? Stair stepping Static stretching Cycling Push-ups
Static stretching
During digestion, which of the following substances denatures the proteins in food? Intrinsic factor Mucus Stomach acid Amylase
Stomach acid
_____ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises. Intracellular Cellulite Visceral Subcutaneous
Subcutaneous
Of the following foods, which is the best source of essential amino acids? Leaf lettuce Sunflower seeds Grape juice Oat flakes
Sunflower seeds
A new weight loss program includes recommendations that are likely to be unsafe and not result in long-term weight loss and maintenance. Which of the following recommendations is a component of this particular weight loss program? The person only eats foods that begin with the letters R, K, and M. The person finds ways to incorporate more physical activity into his or her daily routine. The person measures his or her waistline weekly. The person keeps a daily food intake record to identify "problem foods."
The person only eats foods that begin with the letters R, K, and M.
While at a garage sale, Jenna purchased a set of used plastic baby bottles. She noticed the symbol "7" in a triangle on the bottom of the bottles. What would you tell her concerning the use of these bottles to feed her baby? The symbol "7" in a triangle means the bottles have been approved for daily use by the EPA. These bottles should not be used because they probably contain bisphenol A. These bottles are not safe to use, unless they are washed and dried in a dishwasher before filling them with formula. Jenna should fill these bottles with formula and heat them in a microwave oven before feeding her baby.
These bottles should not be used because they probably contain bisphenol A.
Which of the following nutrients cannot be metabolized for ATP production? Glucose Fat Protein Thiamin
Thiamin
The RDA for iron is 8 mg and 18 mg, for young men and women, respectively. Based on this information, iron is a ____ mineral. trace conditionally essential major possible essential
Trace
In the human body, water is involved in ________. transporting substances providing energy to fuel cellular activity protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids from free radical damage alcohol digestion
Transporting Substances
Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins? Amylase Cholecystokinin Trypsin Bile
Trypsin
Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein? Tuna fish Corn oil margarine Leaf lettuce Red grapes
Tuna Fish
Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism? Thiamin Niacin Vitamin B-12 Pantothenic acid
Vitamin B-12
Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemia. What treatment would her doctor recommend? Iron supplements Vitamin B-12 injections Vitamin C supplements A vegan diet
Vitamin B-12 Injections
Jared is a vegan (total vegetarian). He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of ________. vitamin A calcium vitamin C copper
Vitamin C
Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. Near the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of feeling sleepy and having nausea. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from ________. brain cancer water intoxication heat cramps kidney failure
Water intoxication
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin C? Beef steak Fat-free milk Whole-wheat bread White potato
White potato
Which of the following foods is not a good source of thiamin? Whole milk Pork chops Bread made from enriched wheat flour Wheat germ
Whole Milk
A young man in a rural Iranian village eats very little meat and dairy products, but his diet contains a lot of unleavened whole-grain flat bread. He is very short for his age; his sexual organs are not fully developed; his intelligence is lower than normal; and he suffers from iron deficiency anemia. Based on this information, the man probably has ____ deficiency. folate zinc vitamin K acetyl-CoA
Zinc
Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral? Zinc Calcium Phosphorus Potassium
Zinc
Humans need vitamin B-6 for _________. magnesium absorption vitamin C synthesis carbohydrate excretion amino acid metabolism
amino acid metabolism
Carey skips breakfast and eats only organic foods. Before exams, she avoids eating anything that is "alive" or "had a face" while it was alive. Her BMI is 21.6 and she seems to be healthy. Based on this information, Carey is at risk of developing ________. an eating disorder diabulimia muscle dysmorphia the female athlete triad
an eating disorder
Many sports organizations, including the National Collegiate Athletic Association, have banned the use of _____ by athletes. colloidal ligands herbal extracts anabolic steroids branched chain amino acids
anabolic steroids
Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed _____ as a result. gluten sensitivity positive protein balance cirrhosis of the liver anaphylactic shock
anaphylactic shock
Pathogens ________. cause oxidation of nutrients are disease-causing agents damage DNA protect cells from free radical destruction
are disease-causing agents
While Aaron was at a party, he drank too much alcohol. The following morning, he had a headache and his mouth felt very dry. Based on this information, Aaron was ________. experiencing the effects of delayed ethanol metabolism disorder suffering from ion overload syndrome, which often occurs after excess alcohol ingestion being affected by the dehydration that resulted from drinking alcohol displaying the typical signs and symptoms of alcohol spectrum disease
being affected by the dehydration that resulted from drinking alcohol
Deep yellow, dark green and orange fruits and vegetables are rich sources of ________. gelatin essential amino acids beta-carotene vitamin D
beta-carotene
Which of the following conditions is often associated with the abuse of anabolic steroids? Bloody liver cysts Low blood pressure Urinary tract infections Macular degeneration
bloody liver cysts
According to the "set-point theory," a person's ________. metabolic rate remains the same, regardless of environmental or physical factors body weight is influenced primarily by environmental factors body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter saturated fat intake strongly influences the rate at which he or she loses weight
body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter
The _____ is based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat. body mass index waist/hip variable adjusted adiposity factor VO2 max
body mass index
Home-canned low-acid foods, such as beans and corn, may be contaminated with Clostridium botulinum, a bacterium that produces a dangerous toxin. To destroy the toxin, the food should be ________. frozen for 2 days and then thawed in the refrigerator before eating heated in a microwave oven for 5 minutes chilled for at least 24 hours before serving boiled for 10 minutes before tasting or eating
boiled for 10 minutes before tasting or eating
In the United States, most ________. girls begin their growth spurt when they are between 14 and 16 years of age girls begin menstruating before they reach puberty boys begin puberty when they are between 10 to 12 years of age boys have stopped growing by the time they are 16 years of age
boys begin puberty when they are between 10 to 12 years of age
Kari is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula-feed her new baby. To encourage Kari to breastfeed, you provide some factual information by telling her that ________. breastfeeding can reduce her baby's risk of cystic fibrosis in childhood human milk has the same composition as infant formula breastfeeding can help her lose the body fat she gained during pregnancy human milk is a rich source of iron, calcium, and vitamin D
breastfeeding can help her lose the body fat she gained during pregnancy
Most infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they ________. You Answered lose the let-down reflex can sit up with some back support have most of their primary teeth develop the swallowing reflux
can sit up with some back support
The complete oxidation of glucose releases energy and results in the formation of ________. iron oxide and glycogen carbon dioxide and water sodium acetate and methane sodium hydroxide and calcium citrate
carbon dioxide and water
By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of ________. beriberi cardiovascular disease pernicious anemia hemochromatosis
cardiovascular disease
Eric's waist circumference is 42 inches. Based on this information, he has a high risk of ________. low LDL cholesterol elevated HDL cholesterol cardiovascular disease protein-energy malnutrition
cardiovascular disease
Basal metabolism includes energy needs for ________. digesting food performing physical activity shivering in cold conditions circulating blood
circulating blood
During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce ________. prolactin colostrum oxytocin estrogen
colostrum
Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic? Stretching Cycling Gardening Playing golf
cycling
The process of pasteurization involves the use of ________. radiation to destroy pathogens heat to kill pathogens pressure to immobilize pathogens chemicals to denature pathogens
heat to kill pathogens
Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to ________. decrease her usual daily energy intake decrease her physical activity increase her daily vitamin D intake increase her essential fatty acid intake
decrease her usual daily energy intake
Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa ________. have a strong desire to gain weight have high self-esteem deny they are too thin are males between 16 and 30 years of age
deny they are too thin
Excessive vitamin D intakes can result in _________. deposition of calcium in soft tissues increased blood clot formation megaloblastic anemia No particular health problems, because the vitamin is rapidly excreted in urine
deposition of calcium in soft tissues
Gloria is a healthy 25-year-old woman. According to recommendations of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, she should perform _____ strengthening activities that focus on major muscle groups at least twice a week. two to 5 six to 8 twelve to 16 eight to 10
eight to 10
The Food and Drug Administration has not approved _____ for production, sale, or use in the United States. biotin beta-alanine growth hormone ephedra
ephedra
In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ________. eat high-protein diets skip meals, especially breakfast weigh themselves only once a month exercise, on average, for 60 minutes daily
exercise, on average, for 60 minutes daily
Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with ________. increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease increased risk of osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body More nutrient deficiency diseases than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body
fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body
Pregnant women generally need to take a dietary supplement that contains ________. protein oxytocin folic acid conjugated fatty acids
folic acid
Obese women have a higher risk of developing _____ during pregnancy than pregnant women who are not obese. maternal homocystinuria cystic fibrosis pernicious anemia gestational diabetes
gestational diabetes
Muscles store ____, the immediate source of glucose for contracting muscles. fatty acids alanine ATP glycogen
glycogen
An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program ________. relies on resistance training gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities should be performed once a week to avoid boredom should be performed for at least 90 minutes daily to be effective
gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities
Females involved in competitive sports, especially _____, are at risk of the female athlete triad. gymnastics soccer softball lacrosse
gymnastics
Jason is a college football player who works out for 60 minutes per day, at least 5 days a week. He weighs 230 pounds, and his BMI is 23.7. According to this information, Jason ________. has more lean than fat tissue is overweight is obese has the athletic sports triad
has more lean than fat tissue
Mario is a 7-year-old boy whose BMI-for-age is in the 75th percentile. According to this information, Mario's weight is ________. healthy for his age in the obese range too low for his age in the overweight category
healthy for his age
Cells release much of the energy stored in macronutrients as ________. ATP creatine phosphate heat carbon dioxide
heat
During her first pregnancy, Britt was unable to stop smoking. Based on this information, her baby has a ________. low risk of SIDS high risk of becoming an obese child low risk of asthma high risk of megaloblastic anemia
high risk of becoming an obese child
Pregnant women who develop gestational diabetes are more likely to give birth to ______ infants than pregnant women who do not have this condition. high-birth-weight low-birth-weight term anemic
high-birth-weight
People with BMIs of 25 or more have greater risks of _____ than people with BMIs in the healthy range. osteomalacia anemia fluorosis hypertension
hypertension
Extracellular water ________. is within the nucleus and DNA provides cellular energy is within cells includes plasma and tissue fluid
includes plasma and tissue fluid
Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program ________. includes regular physical activity limits her energy intake to no more than 800 kcal/day reduces her metabolic rate by 20% requires dietary supplements that contain vitamins, minerals, and ephedra
includes regular physical activity
Human milk is naturally a rich source of ________. iron vitamin D lipids fluoride
lipids
According to "wear and tear" theories of aging, longevity results when the body continues to repair the damage that occurs from a lifetime of exposures and experiences. the bodies of people who exercise regularly do not wear out as quickly as the bodies of less physically active people. longevity results when a person does not wear out his or her digestive system by eating too much food. You Answered the muscles of people who exercise vigorously on a regular basis experience tiny tears that stimulate the immune system, which helps maintain overall good health.
longevity results when the body continues to repair the damage that occurs from a lifetime of exposures and experiences.
Iodine is necessary for ________. carrying oxygen in blood maintaining normal thyroid function transporting proteins in lymph producing properly-formed collagen
maintaining normal thyroid function
Routine vitamin C supplementation _________. prevents common colds among the general population may reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or so prevents Alzheimer's disease may reduce the risk of kidney stones
may reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or so
During a natural disaster, it is safe to drink the water from ________. car or truck radiators toilet bowls, if the bathrooms have not flooded melted ice cubes that are in the freezer swimming pools
melted ice cubes that are in the freezer
Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to eat ________. fewer foods away from home smaller amounts of sodium fewer fried foods more sugar-sweetened beverages
more sugar-sweetened beverages
An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is ________. night blindness headaches hair loss swollen tongue
night blindness
In the United States, newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____. vitamin K; bleeding vitamin C; collagen breakdown niacin; pellagra thiamin; beriberi
vitamin K; bleeding
Harold grows apple trees on his small farm. He practices organic farming methods, so he does not use pesticides. This fall, he would like to make minimally-processed organic apple juice that does not contain preservatives. He wants to sell the beverage at the local farmer's market. Based on this information, Harold should _____ before bottling the juice to make it safe for consumers. pasteurize the juice add BHA to the juice chill the juice for 24 hours ferment the juice
pasteurize the juice
Physical fitness may be defined as the ability to ________. perform moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity for a reasonable amount of time without becoming excessively tired move joints beyond their normal range of motion maintain maximum heart rate for 10 minutes, without warming up engage in high-intensity workouts by reaching one's maximum heart rate within 5 minutes of beginning the exertion
perform moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity for a reasonable amount of time without becoming excessively tired
Vitamin D helps the body absorb ________. iron and copper sodium and potassium phosphorus and calcium magnesium and iodine
phosphorus and calcium
The _____ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus. ovary uterus placenta endometrium
placenta
Conditions associated with the female athlete triad include ________. reduced bone mineral density cystic fibrosis premenopausal polycystic syndrome hyperthermia
reduced bone mineral density
Reduced _____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging. saliva production heartburn bruising vulnerability to infections
saliva production
Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants. soy-based formulas semisolid food in a baby bottle rice cereal formulas containing lactose or DHA
semisolid food in a baby bottle
Calcitonin ________. increases the body's rate of potassium excretion signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from blood enables glucose to enter cells enhances bone tissue loss
signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from blood
After bingeing on cakes and cookies, Bonnie practices self-induced vomiting to avoid gaining weight. Based on this information, you would expect to notice _____ as a sign of her purging behavior. sores on her knuckles cuts on her forehead bruises on her cheeks scar tissue in her kidneys.
sores on her knuckles
"Cellulite" is ________. a special type of muscle tissue that is stored in thighs and buttocks of women subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance visceral fat that has migrated from the abdomen to thighs and buttocks fat that can be removed by mechanical massage or melted by hot laser therapy
subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance
In the United States, the practice of fortifying _____ with iodide has reduced the risk of goiter. oatmeal products table salt soft drinks processed vegetables
table salt
During pregnancy, edema can be a sign of a serious health problem if ________. the swelling is limited to the hands and feet morning sickness, heartburn, and fatigue also occur the swelling is accompanied by severe hypertension and protein in the urine weight loss and morning sickness also occur
the swelling is accompanied by severe hypertension and protein in the urine
People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of ________. cystic fibrosis megaloblastic anemia type 2 diabetes celiac disease
type 2 diabetes
A farmer in Iowa wants to control crop pests by using integrated pest management techniques. Based on this information, the farmer will use ________. EPA-approved herbicides viruses that attack a variety of weeds rodenticides that contain arsenic and warfarin fungicides that control the spread of molds
viruses that attack a variety of weeds
Infants _____ have a high risk of obesity. who obtain regular physical activity with birth weights between 6.0 and 8.0 pounds that are given vitamin C supplements whose mothers are obese
whose mothers are obese
Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he ________. thaws the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the refrigerator and then throws out the marinade keeps the pie chilled before serving it
wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables